{"id":82715,"date":"2026-07-25T11:42:27","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T03:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82715.html"},"modified":"2026-07-25T11:42:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T03:42:27","slug":"%e9%98%bf%e9%87%8c%e4%ba%91-ubuntu-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e6%8c%81%e7%bb%ad%e9%ab%98-io-%e8%af%bb%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e6%8e%92%e6%9f%a5%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b3%e5%ae%9e%e5%bd%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82715.html","title":{"rendered":"\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6301\u7eed\u9ad8 IO \u8bfb\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u5f55"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u524d\u8a00<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u8fd0\u7ef4\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6，\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d（Load Average）\u5f02\u5e38\u98d9\u5347，\u4f46 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5374\u4e0d\u9ad8，\u7cfb\u7edf\u54cd\u5e94\u6781\u5176\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 vmstat \u548c top \u547d\u4ee4\u89c2\u5bdf，\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e D \u72b6\u6001（\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720），\u4e14 wa (iowait) \u6307\u6807\u6781\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\u5178\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u670d\u52a1（unattended-upgrades）\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5927\u91cf IO \u8bfb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u73b0\u8c61<\/h3>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5361\u987f，\u4e1a\u52a1\u54cd\u5e94\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f02\u5e38\u6307\u6807：
\n\"\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u76d1\u63a7\"<\/p>\n

1. \u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0e IO \u7b49\u5f85<\/h4>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 vmstat 1 \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001，\u53d1\u73b0 bi (blocks in) \u6570\u503c\u6781\u9ad8，\u4e14 wa (CPU \u7b49\u5f85 IO \u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u767e\u5206\u6bd4) \u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u6301\u5728 94%-95% \u5de6\u53f3，\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u74f6\u9888\u5728\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8 IO\u3002<\/p>\n

root@iZt4n2aetxdzw76gmch8jiZ:~# vmstat 1<\/span>
\nprocs ———–memory———- —swap– —–io—- -system– ——-cpu——-
\n r b swpd free<\/span> buff cache si so bi bo in<\/span> cs us sy id<\/span> wa st gu
\n 0<\/span> 8<\/span> 0<\/span> 7460<\/span> 192<\/span> 74692<\/span> 0<\/span> 0<\/span> 144128<\/span> 64<\/span> 3705<\/span> 3154<\/span> 0<\/span> 6<\/span> 0<\/span> 94<\/span> 0<\/span> 0<\/span>
\n 0<\/span> 6<\/span> 0<\/span> 7648<\/span> 172<\/span> 74252<\/span> 0<\/span> 0<\/span> 153400<\/span> 0<\/span> 5895<\/span> 7403<\/span> 0<\/span> 5<\/span> 0<\/span> 95<\/span> 0<\/span> 0<\/span>
\n ..<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u6ce8：b \u5217\u8868\u793a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570，\u6570\u503c\u8f83\u9ad8；wa \u5217\u9ad8\u8fbe 94%，\u8bc1\u5b9e IO \u662f\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528<\/h4>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 top -d 1 \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be6\u60c5，\u53d1\u73b0 apt-check \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684 IO \u8d44\u6e90，\u4e14\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a D\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d（load average）\u9ad8\u8fbe 26+，\u8fdc\u8d85 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

top<\/span> – 10<\/span>:19:09 up 17<\/span>:31, 3<\/span> users, load average: 26.14<\/span>, 25.26<\/span>, 16.55<\/span>
\nTasks: 130<\/span> total, 1<\/span> running, 129<\/span> sleeping, 0<\/span> stopped, 0<\/span> zombie
\n%Cpu(<\/span>s)<\/span>: 0.4<\/span> us, 4.9<\/span> sy, 0.0<\/span> ni, 0.0<\/span> id, 94.7<\/span> wa, 0.0<\/span> hi, 0.0<\/span> si, 0.0<\/span> st<\/p>\n

PID USER<\/span> PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
\n 12501<\/span> root 39<\/span> 19<\/span> 112980<\/span> 30656<\/span> 4736<\/span> D 3.9<\/span> 7.3<\/span> 0<\/span>:38.98 apt-check
\n 50<\/span> root 20<\/span> 0<\/span> 0<\/span> 0<\/span> 0<\/span> S 3.1<\/span> 0.0<\/span> 7<\/span>:23.38 kswapd0<\/p>\n

3. \u8be6\u7ec6 IO \u7edf\u8ba1<\/h4>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 pidstat -d 1 \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u8ba4\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a apt-check (PID 12501) \u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe 84,960 kB\/s，\u8fdc\u8d85\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

10<\/span>:20:07 UID<\/span> PID kB_rd\/s kB_wr\/s kB_ccwr\/s iodelay Command
\n..<\/span>.
\n10<\/span>:20:07 0<\/span> 12501<\/span> 84960.00<\/span> 0.00<\/span> 0.00<\/span> 0<\/span> apt-check
\n..<\/span>.
\n10<\/span>:20:08 0<\/span> 12501<\/span> 75096.00<\/span> 0.00<\/span> 0.00<\/span> 0<\/span> apt-check<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6392\u67e5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f Ubuntu \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 \u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

  • \u89e6\u53d1\u673a\u5236：Ubuntu \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 unattended-upgrades \u5305，\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1（timer）\u5b9a\u671f\u8fd0\u884c apt-check \u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89：\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u8f83\u4f4e（\u5982\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5185\u5b58\u4ec5 407MiB）\u6216\u78c1\u76d8 IO \u6027\u80fd\u6709\u9650\u65f6，apt-check \u5728\u904d\u5386\u672c\u5730\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u4e0e\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65f6，\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u540e\u679c：\u9ad8\u9891\u7684 IO \u8bfb\u53d6\u5bfc\u81f4\u78c1\u76d8\u961f\u5217\u5835\u585e，CPU \u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u82b1\u5728\u7b49\u5f85 IO (wa)，\u8fdb\u800c\u62d6\u6162\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6，\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4 SSH \u8fde\u63a5\u5361\u987f\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n

    \u9488\u5bf9\u6b64\u95ee\u9898，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e34\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u7981\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

    1. \u7d27\u6025\u5904\u7406：\u505c\u6b62\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

    \u9996\u5148，\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1，\u91ca\u653e IO \u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

    # \u505c\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/span>
    \nsystemctl stop apt-daily.timer
    \nsystemctl stop apt-daily-upgrade.timer<\/p>\n

    # \u505c\u6b62\u672aattended\u5347\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1<\/span>
    \nsystemctl stop unattended-upgrades<\/p>\n

    # \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u505c\u6b62<\/span>
    \nsystemctl status unattended-upgrades<\/p>\n

    # \u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u5360\u7528 IO \u7684 apt-check \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
    \n# <pid> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a top \u6216 pidstat \u67e5\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u7a0b ID，\u4f8b\u5982 12501<\/span>
    \nkill<\/span> -9<\/span> <<\/span>pid><\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u6c38\u4e45\u89e3\u51b3：\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u7981\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0<\/h4>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u95ee\u9898\u590d\u53d1，\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u5173\u95ed\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u5305\u5217\u8868\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u65e0\u4eba\u503c\u5b88\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u7f16\u8f91\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/apt\/apt.conf.d\/20auto-upgrades：<\/p>\n

    vim<\/span> \/etc\/apt\/apt.conf.d\/20auto-upgrades<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u7684 "1" (\u5f00\u542f) \u4fee\u6539\u4e3a "0" (\u5173\u95ed)：<\/p>\n

    \u4fee\u6539\u524d：<\/p>\n

    APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
    \nAPT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";<\/p>\n

    \u4fee\u6539\u540e：<\/p>\n

    APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "0";
    \nAPT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "0";<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u540e，\u7981\u7528 unattended-upgrades \u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f：<\/p>\n

    systemctl disable unattended-upgrades<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

    \u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e，\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528 vmstat \u548c top \u89c2\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • wa (iowait) \u5e94\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u81f3\u6b63\u5e38\u6c34\u5e73（\u901a\u5e38 < 5%）\u3002<\/li>\n
    • apt-check \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u7cfb\u7edf Load Average \u9010\u6e10\u56de\u843d\u3002
      \n\"\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u4fee\u590d\u95ee\u9898\u540e\u76d1\u63a7\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

      \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f4e\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668（\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0f\u5185\u5b58\u5b9e\u4f8b），Ubuntu \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u6740\u624b\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n

    • \u624b\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u66f4\u65b0：\u5173\u95ed\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0，\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884c apt update && apt upgrade\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66：\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9 iowait \u548c load average \u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6b64\u7c7b IO \u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u8d44\u6e90\u8bc4\u4f30：\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u7559\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0，\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u78c1\u76d8 IO \u80fd\u529b\u6765\u652f\u6491\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
      \n

      \u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6392\u67e5\u6848\u4f8b\u6574\u7406，\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u9047\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u524d\u8a00
      \n\u5728\u8fd0\u7ef4\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6，\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d（Load Average）\u5f02\u5e38\u98d9\u5347，\u4f46 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5374\u4e0d\u9ad8，\u7cfb\u7edf\u54cd\u5e94\u6781\u5176\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 vmstat \u548c top \u547d\u4ee4\u89c2\u5bdf，\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e D \u72b6\u6001（\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720），\u4e14 wa (iowait) \u6307\u6807\u6781\u9ad8\u3002
      \n\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\u5178\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u670d\u52a1（unattended<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82713,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[103,43,96],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-82715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-ubuntu","tag-43","tag-96"],"yoast_head":"\n\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6301\u7eed\u9ad8 IO \u8bfb\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u5f55 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82715.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6301\u7eed\u9ad8 IO \u8bfb\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u5f55 - 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