{"id":82415,"date":"2026-07-25T08:50:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T00:50:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82415.html"},"modified":"2026-07-25T08:50:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T00:50:33","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e8%bf%9c%e7%a8%8b%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4%e5%88%b0-web-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82415.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5230 Web \u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"

ssh\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n

ssh\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236Linux\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

1\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u542fsshd\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

systemctl status sshd.service<\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n2\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e322\u6253\u5f00<\/p>\n

netstat -tnlp|grep :22<\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n3\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u683c\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

ssh \u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd@\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1ip
\nexit #\u9000\u51fa\u94fe\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a<\/p>\n

\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

ssh root@localhost<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u94a5，\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e0b\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u5047\u5982\u518d\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a，\u5f53\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673aip\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u9664\u7f13\u5b58，\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n

rm -fr ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts
\nssh-keygen -R localhost #\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u6761\u76ee<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237lzc\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5server2<\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/hosts #\u9996\u5148\u5728server1\u89e3\u6790\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

ssh lzc@server2 <\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165rootlogin\u5bc6\u7801\u540e，\u51fa\u73b0\u62a5\u9519
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u5230server2\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u770b\u62d2\u7edd\u539f\u56e0
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef，\u91cd\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

sudo passwd lzc<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，lzc\u5e76\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25，<\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/shadow<\/p>\n

\u00b7!! \u2014 \u4ece\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801
\n\u00b7* \u2014 \u5bc6\u7801\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\/\u7981\u7528
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u4ee5\u9632\u540e\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5b9e\u73b0\u514d\u5bc6\u64cd\u4f5c，\u8be6\u7ec6\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u3002
\n\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u8fd8\u6709，\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7981\u6b62\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6216\u8005\u7981\u6b62\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55，\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5bf9ssh\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

ssh\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
-p<\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3（\u9ed8\u8ba4 22）<\/td>\nssh -p 2222 user@host<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-i<\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\nssh -i ~\/.ssh\/my_key user@host<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-l<\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td>\nssh -l alice host<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-o<\/td>\n\u8986\u76d6\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879<\/td>\nssh -o "StrictHostKeyChecking=no" host<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u5efa\u8bae
\n\u5728\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

# \u7981\u7528 root \u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55<\/span>
\nPermitRootLogin no<\/p>\n

# \u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1，\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5<\/span>
\nPasswordAuthentication no
\nPubkeyAuthentication yes<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528 SSH-2<\/span>
\nProtocol 2<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fee\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3（\u53ef\u9009，\u589e\u52a0\u9690\u853d\u6027）<\/span>
\nPort 2222<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u9650\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/span>
\nAllowUsers alice bob<\/p>\n

# \u7a7a\u95f2\u8d85\u65f6\u65ad\u5f00<\/span>
\nClientAliveInterval 300<\/span>
\nClientAliveCountMax 2<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u7981\u7528\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801<\/span>
\nPermitEmptyPasswords no<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u6267\u884c sudo systemctl restart\/reload sshd \u751f\u6548\u3002
\n\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

ssh -l root localhost -o "StrictHostKeyChecking=no"<\/p>\n

\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u514d\u5bc6
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

ssh\u514d\u5bc6\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h4>\n

1\u3001\u5728\u672c\u5730\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9<\/p>\n

ssh-keygen<\/p>\n

\u6301\u7eed\u56de\u8f66
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u62f7\u8d1d\u516c\u94a5\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a<\/p>\n

ssh-copy-id server1<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528scp -rp .ssh\/ server1:
\n\u5047\u5982\u7528\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n

ssh-copy-id lzc@server1 #\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u518d\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

ssh server2<\/p>\n

\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u6b65 scp\u548crsync<\/h4>\n

scp\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n

scp file.txt user@host:\/path\/<\/p>\n

# \u672c\u5730 \u2192 \u8fdc\u7a0b<\/span>
\nscp<\/span> file.txt user@host:\/path\/<\/p>\n

# \u8fdc\u7a0b \u2192 \u672c\u5730<\/span>
\nscp<\/span> user@host:\/path\/file.txt .\/<\/p>\n

# \u76ee\u5f55（\u9012\u5f52）<\/span>
\nscp<\/span> -r<\/span> .\/dir user@host:\/path\/<\/p>\n

# \u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<\/span>
\nscp<\/span> -P<\/span> 2222<\/span> file.txt user@host:\/path\/<\/p>\n

rsync\u4ec5\u540c\u6b65\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n

# \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span>
\nrsync<\/span> [<\/span>\u9009\u9879]<\/span> \u6e90 \u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n

# \u672c\u5730 \u2192 \u8fdc\u7a0b<\/span>
\nrsync<\/span> -avz<\/span> .\/file.txt user@host:\/path\/<\/p>\n

# \u8fdc\u7a0b \u2192 \u672c\u5730<\/span>
\nrsync<\/span> -avz<\/span> user@host:\/path\/file.txt .\/<\/p>\n

# \u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65<\/span>
\nrsync<\/span> -avz<\/span> .\/dir\/ user@host:\/path\/dir\/ # \u540c\u6b65\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>
\nrsync<\/span> -avz<\/span> .\/dir user@host:\/path\/ # \u540c\u6b65\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408<\/span>
\nrsync<\/span> -avz<\/span> –progress<\/span> –delete<\/span> .\/dir\/ user@host:\/backup\/<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ca\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n\n\u8def\u5f84\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\/var\/log\/messages<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7 ，\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log\/secure<\/td>\n\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173（SSH\u3001sudo \u7b49）\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log\/dmesg<\/td>\n\u5185\u6838\u73af\u7f13\u51b2\u533a（\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u9a71\u52a8）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log\/boot.log<\/td>\n\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log\/cron<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log\/yum.log<\/td>\n\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log\/journal\/<\/td>\nsystemd journal \u65e5\u5fd7（\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log\/maillog<\/td>\n\u4e0e\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

systemd-journald\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n

\u00b7\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\u3002
\n\u00b7\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\/run\/log\u3002<\/p>\n

journalctl \u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT<\/span>=<\/span>sshd.service ##\u67e5\u770bsshd.service\u76f8\u5173\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\njournalctl -f<\/span> ##\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\njournalctl -u<\/span> \u670d\u52a1\u540d ##\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1<\/span>
\njournalctl –since<\/span> "\u65f6\u95f4"<\/span> ##\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>
\njournalctl -p<\/span> err ##\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edferr<\/span>
\njournalctl -p<\/span> warning ##\u67e5\u770b\u8b66\u544a\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/span>
\njournalctl _UID<\/span>=<\/span>1000<\/span> ##\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237<\/span>
\njournalctl_PID<\/span>=<\/span>1246<\/span> ##\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
\njournalctl -k<\/span> ##\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\njournalctl_COMM<\/span>=<\/span>systemctl ##\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e5\u5fd7\u6301\u4e45\u5316<\/h4>\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b58\u5185\u5b58\/run\/log\/journal\/，\u91cd\u542f\u4e22\u5931\u3002
\n\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u6c38\u4e45\u65e5\u5fd7，\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

mkdir<\/span> \/var\/log\/journal
\nchown<\/span> root：systemd-journal \/var\/log\/journal ##\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002<\/span>
\nchmod<\/span> 2755<\/span> \/var\/log\/journal\/ ##\u7ec4\u7ee7\u627f\u6743\u9650<\/span>
\nsystemctl restart systemd-journald<\/p>\n

rsyslog<\/h3>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1，\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6：\/etc\/rsyslog.conf
\n2\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n\n\u7c7b\u578b\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
auth \/ authpriv<\/td>\n\u8ba4\u8bc1\/\u6388\u6743\u76f8\u5173（\u767b\u5f55\u3001sudo）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cron<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1（crontab\u3001at）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
daemon<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u65e0\u5355\u72ec\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u670d\u52a1）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kern<\/td>\n\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mail<\/td>\n\u90ae\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
user<\/td>\n\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u522b\u65e5\u5fd7（\u9ed8\u8ba4）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
local0 ~ local7<\/td>\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\/\u672c\u5730\u4f7f\u7528（\u7559\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lpr<\/td>\n\u6253\u5370\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
news<\/td>\n\u65b0\u95fb\u7ec4\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
uucp<\/td>\nUUCP \u534f\u8bae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ftp<\/td>\nFTP \u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
syslog<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b<\/p>\n\n\u7ea7\u522b\u6570\u503c\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
debug<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f，\u6700\u8be6\u7ec6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
info<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n\u4e00\u822c\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
notice<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n\u6b63\u5e38\u4f46\u91cd\u8981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
warning \/ warn<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n\u8b66\u544a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
err \/ error<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
crit<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
alert<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
emerg \/ panic<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8fdc\u7a0b\u65e5\u5fd7\u540c\u6b65<\/h4>\n

\u00b7\u65e5\u5fd7\u53d1\u9001\u65b9
\nvim<\/span> \/etc\/rsyslog.conf
\n*.* @\u65e5\u5fd7\u63a5\u6536\u65b9ip ##\u4e24\u4e2a@\u662ftcp\u4e00\u4e2a@\u662fudp<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u65e5\u5fd7\u63a5\u6536\u65b9
\nvim<\/span> \/etc\/rsyslog.conf
\n $ModLoad<\/span> imudp ##\u52a0\u8f7dUDP\u8f93\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/span>
\n $UDPServerRUN<\/span> 514<\/span> ##\u76d1\u542cUDP 514\u7aef\u53e3\u63a5\u6536\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\nsystemctl restart rsyslog
\n\u00b7\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n ss -tnlp<\/span> |<\/span>grep<\/span> :514 ##\u662f\u5426\u76d1\u542c514\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

at\u2013\u7cfb\u7edf\u5ef6\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n

\u00b7\u5b89\u88c5at\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

yum provides *\/at ##\u5bfb\u627eat\u547d\u4ee4
\nyum install -y \/usr\/bin\/at
\nsystemctl start atd<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

at now +2 min
\nat> echo "Hello from the at command" > \/dev\/pts\/0
\nat> <EOT> ##ctrl+D\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

atq
\n2 Tue Jul 21 13:38:00 2026 a root
\nyum install -y mailx
\nyum install -y postfix ##\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u53d1\u6587\u4ef6
\nsystemctl start postfix
\nmail ##\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

crontab\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9a\u671f\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1，\u6309\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u811a\u672c\u3002
\n1\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

# \u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684 crontab<\/span>
\ncrontab<\/span> -e<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\ncrontab<\/span> -l<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
\ncrontab<\/span> -r<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4efb\u52a1（root \u6743\u9650）<\/span>
\nsudo<\/span> crontab<\/span> -u<\/span> username -l<\/span>
\nsudo<\/span> crontab<\/span> -u<\/span> username -e<\/span><\/p>\n

2\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
      \n
    • \n
        \n
      • \n
          \n
        • \n
            \n
          • command
            \n\u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u661f\u671f (0-7, 0\u548c7\u90fd\u662f\u5468\u65e5)
            \n\u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u6708\u4efd (1-12)
            \n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u65e5\u671f (1-31)
            \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u5c0f\u65f6 (0-23)
            \n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u5206\u949f (0-59)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            3\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
            *<\/td>\n\u4efb\u610f\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            ,<\/td>\n\u5217\u8868，\u5982 1,3,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            –<\/td>\n\u8303\u56f4，\u5982 1-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \/<\/td>\n\u6b65\u957f，\u5982 *\/10 \u6bcf10\u5206\u949f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u4f8b：<\/p>\n

            *\/5 * * * * \/home\/user\/backup_db.sh >><\/span> \/var\/log\/backup.log 2<\/span>><\/span>&1<\/span> ## \u6bcf\u5929\u51cc\u66683\u70b9\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/span>
            \n0<\/span> 2<\/span> * * 0<\/span> \/home\/user\/clean_logs.sh ## \u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u6e05\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
            \n* * * * * uptime<\/span> >><\/span> \/tmp\/uptime.log ## \u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d<\/span>
            \n* * * * * sleep<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>date<\/span> ## \u6bcf\u969410s\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
            \n* * * * * sleep<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span>date<\/span>
            \n* * * * * sleep<\/span> 30<\/span>;<\/span>date<\/span>
            \n* * * * * sleep<\/span> 40<\/span>;<\/span>date<\/span>
            \n* * * * * sleep<\/span> 50<\/span>;<\/span>date<\/span>
            \nps<\/span> -aux<\/span> ##\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/p>\n

            4\u3001cron\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u5b9a
            \n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9acron\u3002
            \n\u00b7\u7528\u6237\u9ed1\u540d\u5355
            \n\/etc\/cron.deny
            \n\u00b7\u7528\u6237\u767d\u540d\u5355
            \n\/etc\/cron.allow<\/p>\n

            NFS\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab<\/h3>\n

            1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5nfs-utils\u5b89\u88c5\u5305，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u90fd\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
            \n\u6ce8：\u540e\u7eed\u90fd\u4ee5server1\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef，server2\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

            yum install nfs-utils
            \nsystemctl start nfs<\/p>\n

            2\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6743\u9650
            \n\u5728server1<\/p>\n

            vim \/etc\/exports
            \n\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55 \u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668（\u6743\u9650）#\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u683c\u5f0f
            \n\/mnt\/nfsdata node1(\u6743\u9650） node2(\u6743\u9650） #\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6743\u9650
            \n\/mnt\/nfsdata node1(rw,uid,gid) ##\u6307\u5b9a\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4
            \nchmod 777 \/nfs ##\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650
            \nexportfs -rv #\u91cd\u8f7dnfs\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

            \u4f8b：
            \n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

            3\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90
            \n\u5728server2<\/p>\n

            mount \u670d\u52a1\u7aefip:\/\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55 \/nfs<\/p>\n

            autofs\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n

            \u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b89\u88c5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1，\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5378\u8f7d\u3002
            \n1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5autofs<\/p>\n

            yum install<\/span> autofs -y<\/span>
            \n systemctl start autofs<\/p>\n

            2\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/p>\n

            vim<\/span> \/etc\/auto.master
            \n\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 \/etc\/auto.nfs<\/p>\n

            \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

            3\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u7ec8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/p>\n

            #\u6700\u7ec8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 \u9700\u8981\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
            \ndata server2\/mnt\/nfs<\/p>\n

            4\u3001\u91cd\u542fautofs\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

            systemctl restart autofs
            \ncd \/nfs\/data #\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u81ea\u52a8\u5378\u8f7d，\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d<\/p>\n

            \u8865：
            \n\u4fee\u6539autofs\u5378\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

            vim \/etc\/sysconfif\/autofs
            \n TIMEOUT=5
            \nsystemctl restart autofs<\/p>\n

            \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc(boot)\/grub2\/<\/h3>\n

            \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ece\u5f00\u673a\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
            \n\u5f15\u5bfc\u6d41\u7a0b
            \n\u5f00\u673a \u2192 BIOS\/UEFI \u2192 \u5f15\u5bfc\u8bbe\u5907\u9009\u62e9 \u2192 MBR\/GPT \u2192 Bootloader \u2192 \u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d \u2192 initramfs \u2192 systemd\u542f\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b \u2192 \u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u7eea
            \ngrub2\u5f15\u5bfc\u9636\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\u9636\u6bb5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
            Stage 1<\/td>\nboot.img<\/td>\nMBR \u4e2d\u7684 446 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Stage 1.5<\/td>\ncore.img<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u9a71\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Stage 2<\/td>\n\/boot\/grub2\/<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e，\u663e\u793a\u83dc\u5355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            grub\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6：\/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg
            \n\u95ee\u9898\u4fee\u590d
            \n\u5047\u8bbe\u5220\u9664\/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg,\u600e\u4e48\u91cd\u65b0\u6210\u529f\u5f15\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf
            \n1\u3001\u8fdb\u5165grub\u6a21\u5f0f，\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a,\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

            ls
            \nls (hd0,msdos1)\/ #\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u5185\u5bb9，\u627e\u5230\u5305\u542b\/boot\u7684\u5206\u533a
            \nls (hd0,msdos2)\/
            \nset root='hd0,msdos1'<\/p>\n

            2\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838<\/p>\n

            linux16 \/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.e17.x86_64 root=\/dev\/centos\/root net.ifnames=0 <\/p>\n

            3\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d initramfs<\/p>\n

            initrd16 \/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img<\/p>\n

            4\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

            boot<\/p>\n

            ISCSI<\/h3>\n

            iscsi\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e
            \n\u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/p>\n

            #\u5b89\u88c5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span>
            \nyum install<\/span> -y<\/span> targetcli
            \nsystemctl start target
            \nsystemctl enable<\/span> –now<\/span> target
            \n#targetcli\u914d\u7f6e\u5982\u4e0b<\/span>
            \n\/backstores\/block><\/span> create demo \/dev\/sdc
            \n\/iscsi\/iqn.20..<\/span>.ge1\/tpg1\/acls><\/span> create iqn.2019-10.com.example:demokey
            \n\/iscsi\/iqn.20..<\/span>.ge1\/tpg1\/luns><\/span> create \/backstores\/blocks\/demo
            \nstorage object or path not valid
            \nexit<\/span><\/p>\n

            \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

            \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/p>\n

            #\u5b89\u88c5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span>
            \nyum install<\/span> -y<\/span> iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64
            \n#\u4fee\u6539\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u76f8\u540c（\u5b89\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236）<\/span>
            \nvim<\/span> \/etc\/iscsi\/initiatorname.iscsi
            \n#\u4fee\u6539\u683c\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e<\/span>
            \nInitiatorName<\/span>=<\/span>iqn.2019-10.com.example:demokey
            \n#\u53d1\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907<\/span>
            \niscsiadm -m<\/span> discovery -t<\/span> sst -p<\/span> 192.168<\/span>.88.142
            \n#\u767b\u5f55\u8bbe\u5907<\/span>
            \niscsiadm -m<\/span> node<\/span> -l<\/span><\/p>\n

            \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
            \n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

            systemd\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n

            systemd \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf（init system），\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u5728 RHEL\/CentOS 7 \u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 SysV init\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n

            \u5e76\u884c\u5316\u542f\u52a8：\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1，\u663e\u8457\u52a0\u5feb\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u6309\u9700\u542f\u52a8：\u53ea\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u542f\u52a8\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8282\u7701\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8ddf\u8e2a：\u4f7f\u7528 Linux cgroups（\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4） \u8ddf\u8e2a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811，\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u505c\u6b62\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u6302\u8f7d\u7ba1\u7406：\u7ef4\u62a4\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9，\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 \/etc\/fstab \u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u4f9d\u8d56\u63a7\u5236：\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91，\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u6309\u6b63\u786e\u987a\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

            systemd cgroups \u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784<\/h5>\n

            systemd \u4f7f\u7528 cgroups \u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784，\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u9876\u5c42\u5207\u7247（Slice）：<\/p>\n\n\u5207\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
            user.slice<\/td>\n\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684 SSH\u3001bash \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            system.slice<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\nsshd.service\u3001httpd.service\u3001mariadb.service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            machine.slice<\/td>\n\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6216\u5bb9\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\nQEMU\/KVM \u865a\u62df\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\u9ed8\u8ba4\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u540c\u7684 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u4efd\u989d（CPUShares=1024），\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d CPU \u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001（systemctl status）<\/h4>\n

            systemctl status sshd.service<\/p>\n

            \u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u542b\u4e49：<\/p>\n\n\u72b6\u6001\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            loaded<\/td>\n\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            active (running)<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c，\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            active (exited)<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u914d\u7f6e\u4efb\u52a1（\u5982 sysctl）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            active (waiting)<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4f46\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6（\u5982 network-online）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            inactive<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u672a\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            enabled<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            disabled<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1：\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u91cd\u542f<\/h4>\n

            \u4ee5sshd\u670d\u52a1\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\nsystemctl status sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\nsystemctl start sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\nsystemctl stop sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\nsystemctl restart sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e（\u4e0d\u91cd\u542f）<\/td>\nsystemctl reload sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f<\/td>\nsystemctl enable sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u53d6\u6d88\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f<\/td>\nsystemctl disable sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u5c4f\u853d\u670d\u52a1（mask）<\/h4>\n

            \u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u670d\u52a1（\u5982 network \u548c NetworkManager），\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8bef\u542f\u52a8，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u201c\u5c4f\u853d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u00b7\u7981\u7528（disable）：\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u00b7\u5c4f\u853d（mask）：\u670d\u52a1\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u624b\u52a8\u542f\u52a8，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

            systemctl mask firewalld # \u5c4f\u853d\u9632\u706b\u5899\u670d\u52a1<\/span>
            \nsystemctl unmask firewalld # \u53d6\u6d88\u5c4f\u853d<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5355\u5143\u548c\u670d\u52a1<\/h4>\n

            systemctl list-units –all<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5355\u5143（\u542b inactive）<\/span>
            \nsystemctl list-units –type<\/span>=<\/span>service # \u4ec5\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143<\/span>
            \nsystemctl list-unit-files # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u542f\u7528\/\u7981\u7528\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8def\u5f84\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
            \u6700\u9ad8<\/td>\n\/etc\/systemd\/system\/<\/td>\n\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u6b21\u9ad8<\/td>\n\/run\/systemd\/system\/<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6（\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4e22\u5931）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u9ed8\u8ba4<\/td>\n\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/<\/td>\n\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6（\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            firewalld \u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n

            CentOS 7 \u4e4b\u540e，\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f：firewalld（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63a8\u8350）\u548c iptables（\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5f0f），\u4e24\u8005\u9009\u5176\u4e00\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879iptablesfirewalld<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u914d\u7f6e\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables<\/td>\n\/usr\/lib\/firewalld\/\u3001\/etc\/firewalld\/*.xml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u914d\u7f6e\u683c\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u94fe<\/td>\nXML \u6587\u4ef6 + \u533a\u57df（zone）\u6982\u5ff5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u751f\u6548<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\u5206\u79bb，\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u7eaf\u547d\u4ee4\u884c<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u884c + \u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u5de5\u5177（firewall-config）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5：\u533a\u57df（Zones）<\/h4>\n

            firewalld \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u533a\u57df\u201d\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df，\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u533a\u57df\u540d\u79f0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fe1\u4efb\u7ea7\u522b\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            trusted<\/td>\n\u2705 \u63a5\u53d7\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n\u5185\u90e8\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            home<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7 ssh\u3001mdns\u3001ipp-client\u3001samba-client\u3001dhcpv6-client<\/td>\n\u5bb6\u5ead\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            internal<\/td>\n\u540c home<\/td>\n\u5185\u90e8\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            work<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7 ssh\u3001ipp-client\u3001dhcpv6-client<\/td>\n\u529e\u516c\u7f51\u7edc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            public<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7 ssh\u3001dhcpv6-client<\/td>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u57df，\u516c\u5171\u73af\u5883（\u5982\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3001\u673a\u573a）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            external<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7 ssh，\u652f\u6301 IPv4 \u4f2a\u88c5\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td>\n\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            dmz<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7 ssh<\/td>\n\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u533a（DMZ）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            block<\/td>\n🚫 \u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            drop<\/td>\n🚫 \u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5（\u65e0\u56de\u590d）<\/td>\n\u6700\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u7ea7\u522b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u5b89\u88c5iptables<\/h4>\n

            yum install -y iptables iptables-services
            \nsystemctl disable –now firewalld<\/p>\n

            \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

            1\u3001 \u67e5\u770b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

            firewall-cmd –state<\/span>
            \nfirewall-cmd –list-all<\/p>\n

            2\u3001\u653e\u884c\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

            firewall-cmd –add-service=<\/span>http –permanent<\/span>
            \nfirewall-cmd –add-service=<\/span>https –permanent<\/span><\/p>\n

            3\u3001\u653e\u884c\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n

            firewall-cmd –add-port=<\/span>8080<\/span>\/tcp –permanent<\/span>
            \nfirewall-cmd –add-port=<\/span>3306<\/span>\/tcp –permanent<\/span><\/p>\n

            4\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u533a\u57df<\/p>\n

            firewall-cmd –get-default-zone
            \nfirewall-cmd –get-active-zones<\/p>\n

            5\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

            firewall-cmd –reload<\/span><\/p>\n

            6\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6dfb\u52a0<\/p>\n

            firewall-cmd –query-service=<\/span>http
            \nfirewall-cmd –query-port=<\/span>8080<\/span>\/tcp<\/p>\n

            7\u3001\u79fb\u9664\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n

            firewall-cmd –remove-service=<\/span>http –permanent<\/span>
            \nfirewall-cmd –remove-port=<\/span>8080<\/span>\/tcp –permanent<\/span><\/p>\n

            Web \u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n

            Apache \u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n
          • \u5b89\u88c5 Apache<\/li>\n

            yum install<\/span> -y<\/span> httpd<\/p>\n

          • \u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f<\/li>\n

            systemctl start httpd
            \nsystemctl enable<\/span> httpd<\/p>\n

          • \u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n

            \u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6：\/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf<\/p>\n

            \u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55：\/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/<\/p>\n

            \u7f51\u7ad9\u6839\u76ee\u5f55：\/var\/www\/html\/<\/p>\n

            CGI \u811a\u672c\u76ee\u5f55：\/var\/www\/cgi-bin\/<\/p>\n

            \u65e5\u5fd7\u76ee\u5f55：\/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/p>\n

          • \u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9875\u9762<\/li>\n

            echo<\/span> "Hello, World!"<\/span> ><\/span> \/var\/www\/html\/index.html<\/p>\n

            CGI \u811a\u672c\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n

            \u521b\u5efa CGI \u7a0b\u5e8f（\u4f4d\u4e8e \/var\/www\/cgi-bin\/ \u76ee\u5f55）：<\/p>\n

            cd<\/span> \/var\/www\/cgi-bin\/
            \nvim<\/span> test.cgi<\/p>\n

            \u811a\u672c\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

            #!\/bin\/bash<\/span>
            \necho<\/span> 'Content-type:text\/html'<\/span>
            \necho<\/span>
            \nls<\/span> -l<\/span> \/<\/p>\n

            \u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

            chmod<\/span> a+x test.cgi<\/p>\n

            \u8bbf\u95ee\u6d4b\u8bd5：<\/p>\n

            http:\/\/server1\/cgi-bin\/test.cgi<\/p>\n

            SELinux \u5bf9 Web \u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h4>\n

            1\u3001 SELinux \u5e03\u5c14\u503c（Booleans）
            \nSELinux \u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u7b56\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u6539\u53d8 SELinux \u7684\u90e8\u5206\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u5e38\u7528\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
            httpd_enable_cgi<\/td>\n\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8 Apache \u6267\u884c CGI \u811a\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            httpd_can_network_connect<\/td>\n\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8 Apache \u5411\u5916\u53d1\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            httpd_can_connect_ftp<\/td>\n\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8 Apache \u8fde\u63a5 FTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            httpd_serve_cgi_files<\/td>\n\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8 Apache \u63d0\u4f9b CGI \u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            2\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5e03\u5c14\u503c：<\/p>\n

            getsebool -a<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5e03\u5c14\u503c<\/span>
            \ngetsebool httpd_enable_cgi # \u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u5e03\u5c14\u503c<\/span>
            \nsetsebool httpd_enable_cgi<\/span>=<\/span>on # \u4e34\u65f6\u542f\u7528（\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4e22\u5931）<\/span>
            \nsetsebool -P<\/span> httpd_enable_cgi<\/span>=<\/span>on # \u6c38\u4e45\u542f\u7528（-P \u6301\u4e45\u5316）<\/span><\/p>\n

            3\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

            vi<\/span> \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf<\/p>\n

            \u793a\u4f8b：\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 192.168.88.142 \u8bbf\u95ee \/var\/www\/html\/admin \u76ee\u5f55：<\/p>\n

            <<\/span>Directory "\/var\/www\/html\/admin"<\/span>><\/span>
            \n Require all granted
            \n Order deny,allow
            \n deny from all
            \n allow from 192.168<\/span>.88.142
            \n<<\/span>\/Directory><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1（Basic Authentication）<\/h4>\n

            \u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1：<\/p>\n

          • \u521b\u5efa\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n

            htpasswd -c<\/span> \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpaswd admin<\/p>\n

          • \u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/li>\n

            vi<\/span> \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf
            \n<<\/span>Directory "\/var\/www\/html\/admin"<\/span>><\/span>
            \n AuthUserFile \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpaswd
            \n AuthName "Input user name and password"<\/span>
            \n AuthType basic
            \n Require user admin
            \n # Require valid-user # \u5982\u679c\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237，\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u653e\u884c\u6240\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237<\/span>
            \n<<\/span>\/Directory><\/span><\/p>\n

          • \u91cd\u542f Apache<\/li>\n

            systemctl restart httpd<\/p>\n

          • \u8bbf\u95ee\u6d4b\u8bd5
            \n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/server1\/admin\/，\u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u767b\u5f55\u6846，\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d admin \u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bc6\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            ssh\u670d\u52a1
            \nssh\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002
            \n\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236Linux\u64cd\u4f5c
            \n1\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u542fsshd\u670d\u52a1
            \nsystemctl status sshd.service2\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e322\u6253\u5f00
            \nnetstat -tnlp|grep :223\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668
            \n\u683c\u5f0f：
            \nssh \u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1ip
            \nexit #\u9000\u51fa\u94fe\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4f8b：
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