{"id":82384,"date":"2026-07-25T08:50:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T00:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82384.html"},"modified":"2026-07-25T08:50:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T00:50:13","slug":"python%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%ef%bc%9a%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e6%b3%a8%e8%a7%a3%e4%b8%8e%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%8f%90%e7%a4%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%86%99%e6%b3%95%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82384.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Python\u51fd\u6570：\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5f00\u7bc7：\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801"\u58f0\u660e\u610f\u56fe"<\/h3>\n

Python\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf，\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u7684bug\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2328\ufe0f \u4ecePython 3.5\u5f00\u59cb，\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3（Function Annotations）\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a（Type Hints）\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6807\u51c6：<\/p>\n

# \u6ca1\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> calculate_total<\/span>(<\/span>items,<\/span> discount,<\/span> tax_rate)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u4f20\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b？\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b？"""<\/span>
\n pass<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u2705 \u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014\u610f\u56fe\u6e05\u6670<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> calculate_total<\/span>(<\/span>
\n items:<\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>dict<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> # \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\n discount:<\/span> float<\/span>,<\/span> # \u6298\u6263\u7387（\u5c0f\u6570）<\/span>
\n tax_rate:<\/span> float<\/span> =<\/span> 0.13<\/span> # \u7a0e\u7387，\u9ed8\u8ba413%<\/span>
\n)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> float<\/span>:<\/span> # \u8fd4\u56de\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/span>
\n """\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u4f20\u53c2\u4e86"""<\/span>
\n pass<\/span><\/p>\n

💡 \u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014Python\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u800c\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f：\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684IDE\u652f\u6301（\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a）\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u914d\u5408\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177（\u5982mypy）\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3<\/h3>\n

2.1 \u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3<\/h4>\n

# \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> greet<\/span>(<\/span>name:<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> str<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> f"Hello, <\/span>{<\/span>name}<\/span><\/span>!"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> add<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> int<\/span>,<\/span> b:<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> int<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> a +<\/span> b<\/p>\n

def<\/span> is_adult<\/span>(<\/span>age:<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> bool<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> age >=<\/span> 18<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> calculate_average<\/span>(<\/span>scores:<\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>float<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> float<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """Python 3.9+\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528list[float]"""<\/span>
\n return<\/span> sum<\/span>(<\/span>scores)<\/span> \/<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>scores)<\/span> if<\/span> scores else<\/span> 0.0<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u590d\u6742\u53c2\u6570<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> process_data<\/span>(<\/span>
\n data:<\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>int<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> # \u5217\u8868，Python 3.9+\u5199\u6cd5<\/span>
\n config:<\/span> dict<\/span>[<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> str<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> # \u5b57\u5178，Python 3.9+\u5199\u6cd5<\/span>
\n factor:<\/span> float<\/span> =<\/span> 1.0<\/span>,<\/span>
\n)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>float<\/span>]<\/span>:<\/span> # \u8fd4\u56de\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>d *<\/span> factor for<\/span> d in<\/span> data]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
\nresult =<\/span> process_data(<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>"mode"<\/span>:<\/span> "fast"<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span> 2.0<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span> # [2.0, 4.0, 6.0]<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 typing\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n

from<\/span> typing import<\/span> (<\/span>
\n List,<\/span> Dict,<\/span> Tuple,<\/span> Set,<\/span> Optional,<\/span> Union,<\/span> Any,<\/span> Callable,<\/span>
\n Sequence,<\/span> Mapping,<\/span> Iterable,<\/span> Iterator
\n)<\/span><\/p>\n

# Python 3.8\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7528typing\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> process_old<\/span>(<\/span>
\n data:<\/span> List[<\/span>int<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> # \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e Python 3.9+ \u7684 list[int]<\/span>
\n config:<\/span> Dict[<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> str<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> # \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e Python 3.9+ \u7684 dict[str, str]<\/span>
\n sizes:<\/span> Tuple[<\/span>int<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> # \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e Python 3.9+ \u7684 tuple[int, int]<\/span>
\n tags:<\/span> Set[<\/span>str<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> # \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e Python 3.9+ \u7684 set[str]<\/span>
\n)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> List[<\/span>float<\/span>]<\/span>:<\/span>
\n pass<\/span><\/p>\n

# Optional \u2014\u2014 \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u67d0\u7c7b\u578b\u6216None<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> get_user<\/span>(<\/span>user_id:<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> Optional[<\/span>dict<\/span>]<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u8fd4\u56de\u7528\u6237\u5b57\u5178\u6216None"""<\/span>
\n users =<\/span> {<\/span>1<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>"name"<\/span>:<\/span> "\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>}<\/span>}<\/span>
\n return<\/span> users.<\/span>get(<\/span>user_id)<\/span><\/p>\n

user =<\/span> get_user(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>user)<\/span> # {'name': '\u5f20\u4e09'}<\/span>
\nuser2 =<\/span> get_user(<\/span>99<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>user2)<\/span> # None<\/span><\/p>\n

# Union \u2014\u2014 \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> parse_value<\/span>(<\/span>value:<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> Union[<\/span>int<\/span>,<\/span> float<\/span>,<\/span> str<\/span>]<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u6790\u503c，\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7c7b\u578b"""<\/span>
\n try<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> int<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>
\n except<\/span> ValueError:<\/span>
\n try<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> float<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>
\n except<\/span> ValueError:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> value<\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>parse_value(<\/span>"42"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # 42 (int)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>parse_value(<\/span>"3.14"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # 3.14 (float)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>parse_value(<\/span>"hello"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # hello (str)<\/span><\/p>\n

# Any \u2014\u2014 \u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> debug_print<\/span>(<\/span>obj:<\/span> Any)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570"""<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f"DEBUG: <\/span>{<\/span>obj!r<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# Callable \u2014\u2014 \u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> apply_transform<\/span>(<\/span>
\n data:<\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>int<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n transform:<\/span> Callable[<\/span>[<\/span>int<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span>]<\/span> # \u63a5\u6536int\u8fd4\u56deint\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
\n)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>int<\/span>]<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>transform(<\/span>x)<\/span> for<\/span> x in<\/span> data]<\/span><\/p>\n

result =<\/span> apply_transform(<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> lambda<\/span> x:<\/span> x *<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span> # [2, 4, 6]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3<\/h3>\n

3.1 \u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n

from<\/span> typing import<\/span> TypeAlias<\/p>\n

# \u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d<\/span>
\nUserId:<\/span> TypeAlias =<\/span> int<\/span>
\nUserName:<\/span> TypeAlias =<\/span> str<\/span>
\nJsonDict:<\/span> TypeAlias =<\/span> dict<\/span>[<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> any<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> get_user_name<\/span>(<\/span>user_id:<\/span> UserId)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> UserName:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> f"\u7528\u6237<\/span>{<\/span>user_id}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

# \u590d\u6742\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
\nMatrix =<\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>list<\/span>[<\/span>float<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span> # \u77e9\u9635<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> matrix_multiply<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> Matrix,<\/span> b:<\/span> Matrix)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> Matrix:<\/span>
\n """\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5"""<\/span>
\n pass<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528Literal\u9650\u5236\u53d6\u503c<\/span>
\nfrom<\/span> typing import<\/span> Literal<\/p>\n

def<\/span> set_log_level<\/span>(<\/span>level:<\/span> Literal[<\/span>"DEBUG"<\/span>,<\/span> "INFO"<\/span>,<\/span> "WARNING"<\/span>,<\/span> "ERROR"<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """level\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00"""<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a: <\/span>{<\/span>level}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

set_log_level(<\/span>"INFO"<\/span>)<\/span> # \u2705<\/span>
\n# set_log_level("TRACE") # mypy\u4f1a\u62a5\u8b66\u544a（\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519）<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528TypedDict\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u5178\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>
\nfrom<\/span> typing import<\/span> TypedDict<\/p>\n

class<\/span> UserDict<\/span>(<\/span>TypedDict)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u7ed3\u6784"""<\/span>
\n name:<\/span> str<\/span>
\n age:<\/span> int<\/span>
\n email:<\/span> str<\/span>
\n active:<\/span> bool<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> create_user<\/span>(<\/span>data:<\/span> UserDict)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> str<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> f"\u7528\u6237<\/span>{<\/span>data[<\/span>'name'<\/span>]<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\u5df2\u521b\u5efa"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

# Final \u2014\u2014 \u5e38\u91cf，\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
\nfrom<\/span> typing import<\/span> Final
\nMAX_RETRIES:<\/span> Final =<\/span> 3<\/span>
\nAPI_BASE_URL:<\/span> Final =<\/span> "https:\/\/api.example.com"<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2 \u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n

from<\/span> typing import<\/span> ClassVar,<\/span> Self<\/p>\n

class<\/span> BankAccount<\/span>:<\/span>
\n # ClassVar \u2014\u2014 \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf（\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab）<\/span>
\n bank_name:<\/span> ClassVar[<\/span>str<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> "\u7b2c\u4e00\u94f6\u884c"<\/span>
\n total_accounts:<\/span> ClassVar[<\/span>int<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> owner:<\/span> str<\/span>,<\/span> balance:<\/span> float<\/span> =<\/span> 0.0<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>owner:<\/span> str<\/span> =<\/span> owner # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>balance:<\/span> float<\/span> =<\/span> balance
\n BankAccount.<\/span>total_accounts +=<\/span> 1<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> deposit<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> amount:<\/span> float<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> float<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u5b58\u6b3e\u2014\u2014\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7684\u4f59\u989d"""<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>balance +=<\/span> amount
\n return<\/span> self.<\/span>balance<\/p>\n

def<\/span> transfer_to<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> other:<\/span> Self,<\/span> amount:<\/span> float<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> bool<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u8f6c\u8d26\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d26\u6237\u2014\u2014Self\u8868\u793a\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b"""<\/span>
\n if<\/span> self.<\/span>balance >=<\/span> amount:<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>balance -=<\/span> amount
\n other.<\/span>balance +=<\/span> amount
\n return<\/span> True<\/span>
\n return<\/span> False<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
\nacc1 =<\/span> BankAccount(<\/span>"\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>,<\/span> 1000.0<\/span>)<\/span>
\nacc2 =<\/span> BankAccount(<\/span>"\u674e\u56db"<\/span>,<\/span> 500.0<\/span>)<\/span>
\nacc1.<\/span>transfer_to(<\/span>acc2,<\/span> 300.0<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u5f20\u4e09: <\/span>{<\/span>acc1.<\/span>balance}<\/span><\/span>, \u674e\u56db: <\/span>{<\/span>acc2.<\/span>balance}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>
\n# \u5f20\u4e09: 700.0, \u674e\u56db: 800.0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n

4.1 \u67e5\u770b\u6ce8\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n

def<\/span> process<\/span>(<\/span>data:<\/span> list<\/span>[<\/span>int<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> factor:<\/span> float<\/span> =<\/span> 1.5<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> dict<\/span>[<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> float<\/span>]<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e"""<\/span>
\n result =<\/span> sum<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span> *<\/span> factor
\n return<\/span> {<\/span>"total"<\/span>:<\/span> result,<\/span> "count"<\/span>:<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

# __annotations__\u5c5e\u6027\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>process.<\/span>__annotations__)<\/span>
\n# {'data': list[int], 'factor': <class 'float'>, 'return': dict[str, float]}<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u53ea\u662f\u5143\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>process(<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> 2.0<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # {'total': 12.0, 'count': 3}<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>process(<\/span>[<\/span>"a"<\/span>,<\/span> "b"<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> "hello"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u62a5\u9519，\u4f46\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5bf9！<\/span>
\n# mypy\u4f1a\u5728\u9759\u6001\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\u62a5\u9519<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2 mypy\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n

# \u5b89\u88c5mypy<\/span>
\n$ pip install<\/span> mypy<\/p>\n

# \u68c0\u67e5Python\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\n$ mypy script.py<\/p>\n

# \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span>
\n# script.py:10: error: Argument 1 to "process" has incompatible type "list[str]";<\/span>
\n# expected "list[int]"<\/span><\/p>\n

# mypy\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u65ad\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef<\/span>
\n# \u5b83\u4e0d\u8fd0\u884c\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u800c\u662f\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u5e38，mypy\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898：<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> get_config<\/span>(<\/span>key:<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> Optional[<\/span>dict<\/span>]<\/span>:<\/span>
\n config =<\/span> {<\/span>"debug"<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>"enabled"<\/span>:<\/span> True<\/span>}<\/span>}<\/span>
\n return<\/span> config.<\/span>get(<\/span>key)<\/span><\/p>\n

config =<\/span> get_config(<\/span>"debug"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n# config\u53ef\u80fd\u662fNone\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5<\/span>
\n# config["enabled"] # mypy\u8b66\u544a: Item "None" of "Optional[dict]" has no attribute "__getitem__"<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406Optional<\/span>
\nconfig =<\/span> get_config(<\/span>"debug"<\/span>)<\/span>
\nif<\/span> config is<\/span> not<\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>config[<\/span>"enabled"<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # mypy\u653e\u5fc3\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u68c0\u67e5\u8fc7\u4e86<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3Python\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u4eab\u53d7\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u83b7\u5f97\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8f85\u52a9\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

💡 \u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9：<\/p>\n

  • \u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5143\u6570\u636e，\u4f9b\u5de5\u5177\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n
  • Python 3.9+\u7528list[int]，\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7528typing.List[int]<\/li>\n
  • IDE\u652f\u6301\u2014\u2014\u4ee3\u7801\u8865\u5168\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u91cd\u6784\u8f85\u52a9<\/li>\n
  • mypy\u2014\u2014\u5728CI\u4e2d\u52a0mypy\u68c0\u67e5，\u9632\u6b62\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u4e0a\u7ebf<\/li>\n

    \u2705 \u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u91c7\u7528\u7b56\u7565： \u4e0d\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u5171API\u5f00\u59cb，\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u3002Any\u548cOptional\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Python\u51fd\u6570：\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u3001\u5f00\u7bc7：\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\\”\u58f0\u660e\u610f\u56fe\\”
    \nPython\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf，\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u7684bug\u3002
    \n\u2328\ufe0f \u4ecePython 3.5\u5f00\u59cb，\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3（Function Annotations）\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a（Type Hints）\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6807\u51c6&#xff1a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-82384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-python","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"\nPython\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82384.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Python\u51fd\u6570：\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u3001\u5f00\u7bc7：\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801"\u58f0\u660e\u610f\u56fe" Python\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf，\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u7684bug\u3002 \u2328\ufe0f \u4ecePython 3.5\u5f00\u59cb，\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3（Function Annotations）\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a（Type Hints）\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6807\u51c6&#xff1a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82384.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-25T00:50:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20260725005008-6a6408404f0e6.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82384.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/82384.html\",\"name\":\"Python\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5 - 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