{"id":81970,"date":"2026-07-25T05:27:39","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T21:27:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/81970.html"},"modified":"2026-07-25T05:27:39","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T21:27:39","slug":"linux%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%a6%e8%ae%be%e5%a4%87%e9%a9%b1%e5%8a%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8einsmod%e5%88%b0rmmod%e7%9a%84%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81%e7%ae%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/81970.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff1a\u4eceinsmod\u5230rmmod\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0esysfs\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f：\u4eceinsmod\u5230rmmod\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0esysfs\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n

\u521d\u5b66\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u8bef\u89e3：\u5199\u597dopen\/read\/write\/release\u56db\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03，\u6ce8\u518c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7，\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u9a71\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u521b\u5efa\u4e0esysfs\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u9632\u6b62\u70ed\u62d4\u62d4\u65f6\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u63d0\u524d\u5378\u8f7d\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5378\u8f7d\u65f6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5ffd\u7565\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9<\/h3>\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7531\u4e94\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7ec4\u6210：<\/p>\n\n\u72b6\u6001\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u952e\u52a8\u4f5c<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
UNINIT<\/td>\n\u6a21\u5757\u672a\u52a0\u8f7d<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INIT<\/td>\ninsmod\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n\u6ce8\u518c\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3001\u521b\u5efacdev\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u786c\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACTIVE<\/td>\n\u8bbe\u5907\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u6253\u5f00<\/td>\n\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570+1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUSY<\/td>\n\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6301\u6709fd<\/td>\n\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570>0，\u7981\u6b62rmmod<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLEANUP<\/td>\nrmmod\u6267\u884c\u4e14\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570=0<\/td>\n\u91ca\u653ecdev\u3001\u6ce8\u9500\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3001\u91ca\u653e\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/h4>\n

stateDiagram-v2
\n [*] –> UNINIT: \u6a21\u5757\u6e90\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1
\n UNINIT –> INIT: insmod\u6267\u884c
\n INIT –> ACTIVE: cdev_add\u6210\u529f \u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n

ACTIVE –> BUSY: open() \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570+1
\n BUSY –> BUSY: \u591a\u6b21open() \u8ba1\u6570\u9012\u589e
\n BUSY –> ACTIVE: release() \u8ba1\u6570-1\u52300<\/p>\n

ACTIVE –> CLEANUP: rmmod\u4e14\u8ba1\u6570=0
\n BUSY –> WAITING: rmmod\u4f46\u8ba1\u6570>0 \u7b49\u5f85\u91ca\u653e
\n WAITING –> ACTIVE: \u6240\u6709fd\u5173\u95ed \u8ba1\u6570\u5f52\u96f6 \u81ea\u52a8\u5378\u8f7d<\/p>\n

CLEANUP –> UNINIT: \u91ca\u653e\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n

note right of BUSY: try_module_get \u589e\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570
\n note right of ACTIVE: module_put \u51cf\u5c11\u6a21\u5757\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u7ea6\u675f：try_module_get\u5728open\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，module_put\u5728release\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570>0\u65f6rmmod\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5378\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0e\u70ed\u63d2\u62d4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n

\u6a21\u5757\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/h4>\n

\u5185\u6838\u901a\u8fc7struct module\u7684refcnt\u5b57\u6bb5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9a71\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4：<\/p>\n

\/* open\u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 *\/
\nstatic int dev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
\n{
\n if (!try_module_get(THIS_MODULE))
\n return -ENODEV; \/* \u6a21\u5757\u6b63\u5728\u5378\u8f7d，\u62d2\u7edd\u6253\u5f00 *\/
\n filp->private_data = &dev_data;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\/* release\u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u51cf\u5c11\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 *\/
\nstatic int dev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
\n{
\n module_put(THIS_MODULE);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

try_module_get\u800c\u975emodule_get：\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u5757\u6b63\u5728\u5378\u8f7d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，try_module_get\u8fd4\u56de0（\u5b89\u5168\u5931\u8d25），\u800cmodule_get\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u5bfc\u81f4\u5378\u8f7d\u5931\u8d25（\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ed\u62d4\u62d4\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n

\u70ed\u62d4\u62d4\u573a\u666f：\u8bbe\u5907\u7269\u7406\u79fb\u9664\u65f6，\u9a71\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u6301\u6709fd\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u4eec\u5173\u95edfd\u540e\u518d\u5378\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n

static void handle_hot_unplug(void)
\n{
\n \/* \u901a\u77e5\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbe\u5907\u5df2\u79fb\u9664 *\/
\n sysfs_notify(&dev_data.dev.kobj, NULL, "status");<\/p>\n

\/* \u6807\u8bb0\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u540e\u7eedopen\u62d2\u7edd *\/
\n dev_data.removed = true;<\/p>\n

\/* \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u6301\u6709\u8005\u91ca\u653e *\/
\n while (dev_data.open_count > 0) {
\n msleep(100);
\n }
\n \/* \u6240\u6709fd\u5df2\u5173\u95ed，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5378\u8f7d *\/
\n}<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001sysfs\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b8c\u6574\u9a71\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n

sysfs\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u901a\u9053\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2ashow\/store\u56de\u8c03\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219：<\/p>\n

  • \u53ea\u66b4\u9732\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f，\u4e0d\u66b4\u9732\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282<\/li>\n
  • store\u56de\u8c03\u5fc5\u987b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027<\/li>\n
  • \u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206：\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u5199\u5165，\u72b6\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ea\u8bfb<\/li>\n

    \u5b8c\u6574\u9a71\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n

    #include <linux\/module.h>
    \n#include <linux\/kernel.h>
    \n#include <linux\/fs.h>
    \n#include <linux\/cdev.h>
    \n#include <linux\/device.h>
    \n#include <linux\/slab.h>
    \n#include <linux\/uaccess.h>
    \n#include <linux\/kobject.h><\/p>\n

    #define DEVICE_NAME "mydev"
    \n#define CLASS_NAME "mydev_class"
    \n#define BUF_SIZE 4096<\/p>\n

    static dev_t dev_num;
    \nstatic struct cdev my_cdev;
    \nstatic struct class *my_class;
    \nstatic struct device *my_device;<\/p>\n

    struct dev_private {
    \n char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
    \n size_t data_len;
    \n bool removed;
    \n int open_count;
    \n int max_buffer_size; \/* \u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 *\/
    \n};<\/p>\n

    static struct dev_private dev_data = {
    \n .max_buffer_size = BUF_SIZE,
    \n};<\/p>\n

    \/* —- sysfs\u5c5e\u6027 —- *\/<\/p>\n

    static ssize_t status_show(
    \n struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
    \n{
    \n return sprintf(buf,
    \n "open_count: %d\\\\n"
    \n "data_len: %zu\\\\n"
    \n "removed: %d\\\\n"
    \n "max_buffer_size: %d\\\\n",
    \n dev_data.open_count,
    \n dev_data.data_len,
    \n dev_data.removed,
    \n dev_data.max_buffer_size);
    \n}<\/p>\n

    static ssize_t max_buffer_size_store(
    \n struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
    \n const char *buf, size_t count)
    \n{
    \n int new_size;
    \n if (kstrtoint(buf, 10, &new_size))
    \n return -EINVAL;
    \n if (new_size < 1 || new_size > BUF_SIZE)
    \n return -EINVAL;
    \n dev_data.max_buffer_size = new_size;
    \n return count;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    static DEVICE_ATTR(status, 0444, status_show, NULL);
    \nstatic DEVICE_ATTR(max_buffer_size, 0644, NULL, max_buffer_size_store);<\/p>\n

    \/* —- \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c —- *\/<\/p>\n

    static int dev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
    \n{
    \n if (dev_data.removed)
    \n return -ENODEV;
    \n if (!try_module_get(THIS_MODULE))
    \n return -ENODEV;
    \n dev_data.open_count++;
    \n filp->private_data = &dev_data;
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    static int dev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
    \n{
    \n dev_data.open_count–;
    \n module_put(THIS_MODULE);
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    static ssize_t dev_read(
    \n struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)
    \n{
    \n struct dev_private *priv = filp->private_data;
    \n if (*off >= priv->data_len)
    \n return 0;
    \n size_t to_copy = min(len, priv->data_len – *off);
    \n if (copy_to_user(buf, priv->buffer + *off, to_copy))
    \n return -EFAULT;
    \n *off += to_copy;
    \n return to_copy;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    static ssize_t dev_write(
    \n struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)
    \n{
    \n struct dev_private *priv = filp->private_data;
    \n size_t to_copy = min(len,
    \n (size_t)priv->max_buffer_size – *off);
    \n if (to_copy == 0)
    \n return -ENOSPC;
    \n if (copy_from_user(priv->buffer + *off, buf, to_copy))
    \n return -EFAULT;
    \n *off += to_copy;
    \n priv->data_len = *off;
    \n return to_copy;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    static struct file_operations fops = {
    \n .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    \n .open = dev_open,
    \n .release = dev_release,
    \n .read = dev_read,
    \n .write = dev_write,
    \n};<\/p>\n

    \/* —- \u6a21\u5757\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u5378\u8f7d —- *\/<\/p>\n

    static int __init mydev_init(void)
    \n{
    \n \/* \u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7 *\/
    \n if (alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_num, 0, 1, DEVICE_NAME) < 0)
    \n return -ENOMEM;<\/p>\n

    \/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0cdev *\/
    \n cdev_init(&my_cdev, &fops);
    \n my_cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    \n if (cdev_add(&my_cdev, dev_num, 1) < 0)
    \n goto fail_cdev;<\/p>\n

    \/* \u521b\u5efa\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u8282\u70b9 *\/
    \n my_class = class_create(CLASS_NAME);
    \n if (IS_ERR(my_class))
    \n goto fail_class;<\/p>\n

    my_device = device_create(my_class, NULL, dev_num, NULL, DEVICE_NAME);
    \n if (IS_ERR(my_device))
    \n goto fail_device;<\/p>\n

    \/* \u521b\u5efasysfs\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u4ef6 *\/
    \n device_create_file(my_device, &dev_attr_status);
    \n device_create_file(my_device, &dev_attr_max_buffer_size);<\/p>\n

    pr_info("mydev: \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210 major=%d minor=%d\\\\n",
    \n MAJOR(dev_num), MINOR(dev_num));
    \n return 0;<\/p>\n

    fail_device:
    \n class_destroy(my_class);
    \nfail_class:
    \n cdev_del(&my_cdev);
    \nfail_cdev:
    \n unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1);
    \n return -1;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    static void __exit mydev_exit(void)
    \n{
    \n \/* \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u6301\u6709\u8005\u91ca\u653e *\/
    \n while (dev_data.open_count > 0) {
    \n pr_warn("mydev: \u7b49\u5f85open_count\u5f52\u96f6 (%d)\\\\n",
    \n dev_data.open_count);
    \n msleep(100);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    \/* \u6309\u6ce8\u518c\u9006\u5e8f\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90 *\/
    \n device_remove_file(my_device, &dev_attr_status);
    \n device_remove_file(my_device, &dev_attr_max_buffer_size);
    \n device_destroy(my_class, dev_num);
    \n class_destroy(my_class);
    \n cdev_del(&my_cdev);
    \n unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1);<\/p>\n

    pr_info("mydev: \u5378\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\\\\n");
    \n}<\/p>\n

    module_init(mydev_init);
    \nmodule_exit(mydev_exit);<\/p>\n

    MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
    \nMODULE_AUTHOR("zhongyiren");
    \nMODULE_DESCRIPTION("\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u793a\u4f8b");<\/p>\n

    \u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u9006\u5e8f\u539f\u5219：sysfs\u5c5e\u6027\u2192\u8bbe\u5907\u8282\u70b9\u2192\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u2192cdev\u2192\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u987a\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6ce8\u518c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e25\u683c\u76f8\u53cd，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f dangling reference\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
  • \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7531\u4e94\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6784\u6210：UNINIT\u2192INIT\u2192ACTIVE\u2192BUSY\u2192CLEANUP，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5173\u952e\u52a8\u4f5c<\/li>\n
  • \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u901a\u8fc7try_module_get\/module_put\u7ef4\u62a4，open\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u3001release\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11，\u8ba1\u6570>0\u65f6rmmod\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n
  • \u70ed\u62d4\u62d4\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u6807\u8bb0\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u901a\u77e5\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709fd\u5173\u95ed\u540e\u624d\u6267\u884c\u5378\u8f7d，\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n
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