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firewall-cmd \u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7ed9\u5835\u4e0a\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u7ed9\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u95e8\u88c5\u4e0a\u732b\u773c\u548c\u95e8\u94fe&#xff0c;\u53ea\u7ed9\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u5f00\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. 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0&#xff09;\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd&#xff0c;Traceroute\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u7ecf\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86\u76ee\u6807&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7ed8\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u6076\u610fTraceroute\u63a2\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4efd\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u5730\u56fe\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6&#xff1a;\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u524d\u9762\u6709\u51e0\u9053\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff1f;\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8fd8\u662f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684&#xff1f;\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u53e3\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff1f;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u8d77DDoS\u653b\u51fb&#xff08;\u5bfb\u627e\u5e26\u5bbd\u74f6\u9888\u70b9&#xff09;\u6216\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u6e17\u900f&#xff08;\u5bfb\u627e\u8584\u5f31\u8bbe\u5907&#xff09;\u6781\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u7b56\u7565&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e22\u5f03\u7531\u672c\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684ICMP\u56de\u590d\u5305&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53cd\u9988&#xff0c;\u753b\u5730\u56fe\u753b\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u5c31\u65ad\u4e86\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u5b9e\u6218\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u7528firewall-cmd\u7cbe\u51c6\u5c01\u5835Traceroute\u63a2\u6d4b<\/h3>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u7ae0\u53ef\u5faa\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528CentOS\/RHEL 7\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6216\u8005Fedora\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u2014\u2014firewall-cmd\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8enftables&#xff08;\u6216\u8f83\u8001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684iptables&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u3001\u66f4\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e OUTPUT\u94fe \u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fOUTPUT\u800c\u4e0d\u662fINPUT&#xff1f;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u963b\u65ad\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u672c\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5305&#xff08;Type 0, 3, 11&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u53d1\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u3002\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad&#xff0c;\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u672c\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u56de\u5e94&#xff0c;\u5219\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u63a5\u6536\u8be2\u95ee\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u4e0d\u56de\u7b54\u201d\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u51c6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.1 \u4e09\u6b65\u8d70\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u6709root\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u8ddf\u7740\u6211\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u6765&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65&#xff1a;\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e09\u6761\u6838\u5fc3\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u9632\u62a4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6761\u6761\u6765\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>firewall-cmd &#8211;permanent &#8211;direct &#8211;add-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 0 -j DROP<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211;permanent: \u8ba9\u89c4\u5219\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u91cd\u542f\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8211;direct &#8211;add-rule: \u4f7f\u7528direct\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u5e95\u5c42\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff08;nftables\/iptables&#xff09;\u6dfb\u52a0\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0: \u5728IPv4\u7684filter\u8868\u7684OUTPUT\u94fe\u7684\u6700\u524d\u9762&#xff08;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea70&#xff09;\u63d2\u5165\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 0: \u5339\u914d\u534f\u8bae\u4e3aICMP&#xff0c;\u4e14ICMP\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a0&#xff08;Echo Reply&#xff0c;\u5373ping\u7684\u56de\u590d&#xff09;\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-j DROP: \u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6267\u884c\u4e22\u5f03\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>firewall-cmd &#8211;permanent &#8211;direct &#8211;add-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 3 -j DROP<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5339\u914d\u5e76\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u672c\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u7684ICMP Type 3&#xff08;\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe&#xff09;\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>firewall-cmd &#8211;permanent &#8211;direct &#8211;add-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 11 -j DROP<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5339\u914d\u5e76\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u672c\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u7684ICMP Type 11&#xff08;\u8d85\u65f6&#xff09;\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u590d\u5236\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6267\u884c\u540e&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u53cd\u9988&#xff0c;\u4f46\u89c4\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u5165\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65&#xff1a;\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u6c38\u4e45\u89c4\u5219\u540e&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8f7d\u9632\u706b\u5899\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e\u5df2\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>firewall-cmd &#8211;reload<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6c38\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f00&#xff0c;\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65&#xff1a;\u9a8c\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u751f\u6548<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u786e\u5b9e\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u901a\u8fc7direct\u6a21\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>firewall-cmd &#8211;direct &#8211;get-all-rules<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 0 -j DROP<br \/>\nipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 3 -j DROP<br \/>\nipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 11 -j DROP<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bc1\u660e\u4e09\u6761\u4e22\u5f03\u89c4\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u7a33\u7a33\u5730\u5f85\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684OUTPUT\u94fe\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u6548\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5462&#xff1f;\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u505a\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f60\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5668&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111&#xff09;\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u673a\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884cTraceroute&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\/Mac: traceroute \u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP<\/li>\n<li>Windows: tracert \u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9632\u62a4\u751f\u6548\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u524d\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u8df3&#xff08;\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff09;\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u663e\u793a&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u201cTime Exceeded\u201d\u56de\u5e94&#xff08;Type 11&#xff09;\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u5f53\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8df3\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u62d2\u7edd\u56de\u590dType 3\u6216Type 0\u7684\u5305&#xff0c;Traceroute\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u5361\u4f4f&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684 * * *&#xff08;\u8868\u793a\u8d85\u65f6\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u663e\u793a\u4f60\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8df3\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740&#xff0c;\u63a2\u6d4b\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u786e\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9690\u85cf\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u672b\u7aef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5b9e\u6d4b\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u6b21&#xff0c;\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e&#xff0c;\u5916\u90e8Traceroute\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u5c31\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6548\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4f60\u5bb6\u623f\u5b50\u8fd8\u5728&#xff0c;\u4f46\u95e8\u724c\u53f7\u88ab\u9690\u53bb\u4e86&#xff0c;\u522b\u4eba\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u8857\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u54ea\u4e00\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u5835\u4e0a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u53e3&#xff1a;\u7981\u7528ICMP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u56de\u590d<\/h3>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86Traceroute&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e&#xff1a;ICMP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929NTP\u534f\u8bae\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u719f\u548c\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;ICMP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981&#xff0c;\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7eaf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ICMP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d88\u606f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Timestamp Request (Type 13): \u201c\u8bf7\u6c42\u8005\u201d\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u8be2\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Timestamp Reply (Type 14): \u201c\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8005\u201d\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u56de\u590d\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e2\u4e0d\u7406\u776c\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8be2\u95ee&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u8be2\u95ee\u3002\u4f7f\u7528firewall-cmd\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u533a\u57df\u914d\u7f6e\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6bd4\u4e0a\u9762\u7528direct\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.1 \u914d\u7f6e\u7981\u7528\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728 public \u533a\u57df&#xff08;\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e14\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p># \u7981\u6b62\u56de\u590d\u5916\u754c\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8be2\u95ee<br \/>\nfirewall-cmd &#8211;permanent &#8211;zone&#061;public &#8211;add-icmp-block&#061;timestamp-request<\/p>\n<p># \u7981\u6b62\u672c\u673a\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8be2\u95ee&#xff08;\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5835\u4e0a\u66f4\u5b89\u5168&#xff09;<br \/>\nfirewall-cmd &#8211;permanent &#8211;zone&#061;public &#8211;add-icmp-block&#061;timestamp-reply<\/p>\n<p># \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u4f7f\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u6548<br \/>\nfirewall-cmd &#8211;reload<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u662f &#8211;add-icmp-block \u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662ffirewall-cmd\u5bf9ICMP\u7c7b\u578b\u5c01\u7981\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u5c01\u88c5\u3002timestamp-request \u5bf9\u5e94Type 13&#xff0c;timestamp-reply \u5bf9\u5e94Type 14\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230public\u533a\u57df\u5e76\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770bpublic\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u786e\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5176\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>firewall-cmd &#8211;list-all &#8211;zone&#061;public<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>icmp-blocks: timestamp-request timestamp-reply<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u56de\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528nmap\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u626b\u63cf\u5de5\u5177\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff08;\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u6267\u884c&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>nmap -PP -sn \u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP<\/p>\n<p>-PP \u9009\u9879\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u884cICMP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9632\u62a4\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c06\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u54cd\u5e94&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u68c0\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5982TCP ping&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u201c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u201d\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u8fdb\u9636\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u914d\u4e86\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u5751\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.1 \u89c4\u5219\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30<\/h4>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8eTraceroute\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;\u6211\u4eec\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u662f\u672c\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u7684OUTPUT\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f60\u7684Web&#xff08;80\/443\u7aef\u53e3&#xff09;\u3001SSH&#xff08;22\u7aef\u53e3&#xff09;\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4ece\u4f60\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u6070\u597d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7279\u5b9aICMP\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u6781\u5c11\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u653e\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8eICMP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;\u540c\u6837&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56ICMP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u7981\u7528\u540e\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u96f6\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f8b\u5916&#xff1a;\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91\u3001AWS\u7b49\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u7684ECS&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f&#xff01;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5916\u56f4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4&#xff08;Security Group&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u4f18\u5148\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u7981\u7528\u4e86\u6240\u6709ICMP\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5916\u90e8\u7684Traceroute\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u4f60\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u201c\u82f1\u96c4\u65e0\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u201d\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u5168\u5f00&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5c31\u5168\u9760\u7cfb\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408&#xff1a;\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u5c42\u9762\u53ea\u5f00\u653e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3&#xff08;\u598280, 443, 22&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5c42\u9762\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u7684\u9632\u62a4&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u7eb5\u6df1\u9632\u5fa1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4<\/h4>\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b8c\u5c31\u5fd8\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709direct\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;firewall-cmd &#8211;direct &#8211;get-all-rules<\/li>\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u6761direct\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u914d\u9519\u4e86\u60f3\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#8211;remove-rule&#xff0c;\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u6dfb\u52a0\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;firewall-cmd &#8211;permanent &#8211;direct &#8211;remove-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -p icmp &#8211;icmp-type 0 -j DROP\n<p>\u8bb0\u5f97\u5220\u9664\u540e\u8981firewall-cmd &#8211;reload\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u533a\u57dfICMP\u963b\u585e\u5217\u8868&#xff1a;firewall-cmd &#8211;zone&#061;public &#8211;list-icmp-blocks<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u79fb\u9664ICMP\u963b\u585e&#xff1a;firewall-cmd &#8211;permanent &#8211;zone&#061;public &#8211;remove-icmp-block&#061;timestamp-request<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u6301\u4e45\u5316&#xff1a;\u52a1\u5fc5\u8bb0\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528 &#8211;permanent \u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u9632\u706b\u5899\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u5c31\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u5403\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8f&#xff0c;\u534a\u591c\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u540e\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\u6ca1\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5dee\u70b9\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.3 \u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684ICMP\u7b56\u7565\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668ICMP\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u7684\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6b62\u6240\u6709ICMP&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u91cc\u5168\u90e8\u62d2\u7edd&#xff09;\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdping\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3002\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5141\u8bb8\u5165\u7ad9&#xff08;INPUT&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>echo-request (Type 8): \u5141\u8bb8\u522b\u4ebaping\u4f60&#xff0c;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u5982destination-unreachable, time-exceeded\u5bf9\u4e8eMTU\u8def\u5f84\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8bca\u65ad\u6709\u76ca&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u51fa\u7ad9&#xff08;OUTPUT&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u505a\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e22\u5f03\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u56de\u590d&#xff08;Type 0, 3, 11&#xff09;\u548c\u8be2\u95ee&#xff08;Type 13&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u51faecho-request&#xff08;\u4e3b\u52a8ping\u522b\u4eba&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f60\u8bca\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7firewall-cmd\u7684&#8211;add-icmp-block-inversion\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u5141\u8bb8\u7684ICMP\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u963b\u585e\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\u53ef\u6301\u7eed<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u624b\u52a8\u767b\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u591a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u90e8\u7f72\u65b0\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u624b\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u592a\u4f4e\u6548\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u4e00&#xff1a;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u811a\u672c&#xff08;Shell Ansible&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709firewall-cmd\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6216\u8005&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u50cfAnsible\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aPlaybook&#xff0c;\u6279\u91cf\u5bf9\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u3002Ansible\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; name: Harden firewall against traceroute and timestamp leaks<br \/>\n  hosts: all_servers<br \/>\n  become: yes<br \/>\n  tasks:<br \/>\n    &#8211; name: Block traceroute ICMP replies (OUTPUT)<br \/>\n      firewalld:<br \/>\n        rich_rule: &#039;rule family&#061;&#034;ipv4&#034; direction&#061;&#034;output&#034; protocol&#061;&#034;icmp&#034; icmp-type&#061;&#034;name&#061;{{ item }}&#034; drop&#039;<br \/>\n        permanent: yes<br \/>\n        state: enabled<br \/>\n      loop:<br \/>\n        &#8211; echo-reply<br \/>\n        &#8211; destination-unreachable<br \/>\n        &#8211; time-exceeded<\/p>\n<p>    &#8211; name: Block ICMP timestamp requests and replies<br \/>\n      firewalld:<br \/>\n        icmp_block: &#039;{{ item }}&#039;<br \/>\n        permanent: yes<br \/>\n        state: enabled<br \/>\n        zone: public<br \/>\n      loop:<br \/>\n        &#8211; timestamp-request<br \/>\n        &#8211; timestamp-reply<\/p>\n<p>    &#8211; name: Reload firewalld<br \/>\n      systemd:<br \/>\n        name: firewalld<br \/>\n        state: reloaded<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406&#xff08;Puppet Chef&#xff09;<br 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