{"id":79335,"date":"2026-03-01T20:16:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T12:16:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/79335.html"},"modified":"2026-03-01T20:16:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T12:16:58","slug":"9-%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8e%e6%8a%bd%e6%a0%b7%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%9a%84%e6%a6%82%e7%8e%87%e8%bf%87%e7%a8%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e6%a0%a1%e5%87%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/79335.html","title":{"rendered":"9. \u57fa\u4e8e\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u6821\u51c6"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u57fa\u4e8e\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u6821\u51c6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u523b\u753b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73af\u8282\u3002\u672c\u5355\u5143\u805a\u7126\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6982\u7387\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u6821\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5398\u6e05\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u62bd\u6837\u884d\u751f\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u6837\u672c\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65e0\u504f\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u91cf\u5316\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u62bd\u6837\u5206\u5e03\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff08Montgomery, D. C., 2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u5929\u7136\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u51c6\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u6837\u672c\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ec5\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9650\u62bd\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u5c40\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6a21\u578b\u6821\u51c6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f34\u968f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u5355\u5143\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcd\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff08Parent Probability Distribution\uff09 \u662f\u523b\u753b\u8fde\u7eed\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u771f\u5b9e\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u52a8\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b8c\u6574\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9650\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c\u63a8\u6d4b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u578b\uff08\u5982\u51e0\u4f55\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u819c\u539a\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7b49\u8fde\u7eed\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u578b\uff08\u5982\u7f3a\u9677\u6570\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u54c1\u6570\u7b49\u8ba1\u6570\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u5c55\u5f00\u5206\u6790\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u578b\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a <span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> f ( x ) = 1 \u03c3 2 \u03c0 e \u2212 ( x \u2212 \u03bc ) 2 2 \u03c3 2 f(x)=\\\\frac{1}{\\\\sigma\\\\sqrt{2\\\\pi}}e^{-\\\\frac{(x-\\\\mu)^2}{2\\\\sigma^2}} <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1076em\">f<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 2.2591em;vertical-align: -0.93em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"><\/span><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.3214em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.2028em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><span class=\"mord sqrt\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.9072em\"><span class=\"svg-align\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\" style=\"padding-left: 0.833em\"><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.8672em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"hide-tail\" style=\"min-width: 0.853em;height: 1.08em\"> <\/p>\n<p>                   <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1328em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.23em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.04em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.677em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.93em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.3291em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.4534em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mopen nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6\"><\/span><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.251em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.5062em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.9384em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.9384em;margin-right: 0.1em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.2255em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line mtight\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.049em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.5021em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mopen mtight\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">x<\/span><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">\u03bc<\/span><span class=\"mclose mtight\"><span class=\"mclose mtight\">)<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.0484em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.0484em;margin-right: 0.1em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.4938em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u5747\u503c<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> \u03bc \\\\mu <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.625em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u548c\u603b\u4f53\u6807\u51c6\u5dee<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> \u03c3 \\\\sigma <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4306em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6821\u51c6\u6b63\u6001\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5bf9\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> Z \u223c N ( 0 , 1 ) Z\\\\sim N(0,1) <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">Z<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u223c<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u53d8\u6362\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a <span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> Z = x \u2212 \u03bc \u03c3 Z=\\\\frac{x-\\\\mu}{\\\\sigma} <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">Z<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1.9463em;vertical-align: -0.686em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"><\/span><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.2603em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.314em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.23em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.04em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.677em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.686em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u771f\u5b9e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u53c2\u6570<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> \u03bc \\\\mu <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.625em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u548c<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> \u03c3 \\\\sigma <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4306em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u62bd\u6837\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\uff1a\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u51c6\u5219<\/h3>\n<h4>2.1. \u62bd\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n<p>\u62bd\u6837\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u603b\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u6d4b\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6837\u672c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u62bd\u6837\u5373\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u7279\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u6a21\u578b\u6821\u51c6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.2. \u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u6c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u53cd\u6620\u8fc7\u7a0b\u771f\u5b9e\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u6c42\u4e3a\u6837\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u72ec\u7acb\u540c\u5206\u5e03\uff08i.i.d., independently and identically 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class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u5206\u5e03\u6027\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u6837\u672c\u5747\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5373\u62bd\u6837\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3\u72ec\u7acb\u540c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u4ee3\u8868\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u624d\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u4e0e\u62bd\u6837\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7279\u5f81<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1. 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\/>\n\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u523b\u753b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73af\u8282\u3002\u672c\u5355\u5143\u805a\u7126\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6982\u7387\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u6821\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5398\u6e05\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u62bd\u6837\u884d\u751f\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u6837\u672c\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bcd\u5206\u5e03\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65e0\u504f\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u91cf\u5316\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u62bd\u6837\u5206\u5e03\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff08Montgomery, D. 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