{"id":79247,"date":"2026-03-01T14:33:53","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T06:33:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/79247.html"},"modified":"2026-03-01T14:33:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T06:33:53","slug":"python%e9%9b%b6%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%ef%bc%88%e5%85%ab%ef%bc%89-%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/79247.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\uff08\u516b\uff09-----\u5f02\u5e38"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840：\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528<\/h3>\n

1. \u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h4>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u662fPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef（\u5982\u9664\u96f6\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c），\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c，\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u610f\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u201d，\u5e76\u975e\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef（\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u65f6\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c）\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5f02\u5e38\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e（\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u6613\u61c2）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1. \u907f\u514d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u540e，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u610f\u5916\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\u65ad，\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801（\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u95ea\u9000）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2. \u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u65e0\u9700\u9010\u884c\u6392\u67e5，\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898（\u5982TypeError\u3001IndexError，\u4e00\u773c\u77e5\u9053\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3. \u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5065\u58ee\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u540e，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u5916\u60c5\u51b5（\u5982\u8f93\u5165\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728），\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3.\u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406 vs \u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n

# 1. \u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83
\na = 10
\nb = 0
\nprint(a \/ b) # \u9664\u96f6\u9519\u8bef，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u65ad，\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u6267\u884c
\nprint("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c")<\/p>\n

# 2. \u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c
\na = 10
\nb = 0
\ntry:
\n print(a \/ b)
\nexcept ZeroDivisionError:
\n print("\u9519\u8bef：\u9664\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a0")
\nprint("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c")<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u6838\u5fc3：\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

1. \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u56db\u5927\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/h4>\n\n\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4f5c\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u987b\u5178\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
try<\/td>\n\u5305\u88f9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\ntry { \u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u4ee3\u7801 }<\/td>\n\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e catch \u6216 finally \u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u5728，\u540e\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u8ddf catch \u6216 finally<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
catch<\/td>\n\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\ncatch (Exception e) { \u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801 }<\/td>\n\u53ef\u9009（\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981）<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6062\u590d\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a，\u5b50\u7c7b\u5f02\u5e38\u8981\u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
finally<\/td>\n\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c<\/td>\nfinally { \u5fc5\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 }<\/td>\n\u53ef\u9009<\/td>\n\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90（\u5173\u95ed\u6d41\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49）<\/td>\n\u5373\u4f7f\u6709 return \u4e5f\u4f1a\u6267\u884c（\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u9664\u5916，\u5982 JVM \u9000\u51fa）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
throw<\/td>\n\u624b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\nthrow new Exception("\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f");<\/td>\n\u53ef\u9009<\/td>\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6821\u9a8c\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a<\/h4>\n

# \u573a\u666f1：\u6355\u83b7\u5355\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38
\ntry:
\n lst = [1, 2, 3]
\n print(lst[5]) # \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c
\nexcept IndexError:
\n print("\u9519\u8bef：\u7d22\u5f15\u8d85\u51fa\u8303\u56f4")<\/p>\n

# \u573a\u666f2：\u6355\u83b7\u591a\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38（\u5e38\u7528）
\ntry:
\n a = int(input("\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u5b57："))
\n print(10 \/ a)
\nexcept (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
\n print("\u9519\u8bef：\u8f93\u5165\u65e0\u6548\u6216\u9664\u6570\u4e3a0")<\/p>\n

# \u573a\u666f3：try-except-else-finally \u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6cd5
\ntry:
\n f = open("test.txt", "r")
\n content = f.read()
\nexcept FileNotFoundError:
\n print("\u9519\u8bef：\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728")
\nelse:
\n print("\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9：", content)
\nfinally:
\n f.close() # \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u9519，\u90fd\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6
\n print("\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5173\u95ed")<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u89e6\u53d1\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

ZeroDivisionError<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u9664\u6570\u4e3a0（\u598210 \/ 0）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

IndexError<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7d22\u5f15\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u5668\u8303\u56f4（\u5982lst[5]，lst\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a3）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

ValueError<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6b63\u786e\u4f46\u503c\u65e0\u6548（\u5982int("abc")）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

TypeError<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef（\u598210 + "abc"）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

FileNotFoundError<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982open("test.txt", "r")）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u56db\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u62d3\u5c55：\u4e3b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n

1. \u4e3b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38（raise\u5173\u952e\u5b57）<\/h4>\n

# \u4e3b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u5f02\u5e38
\ndef check_age(age):
\n if age < 0 or age > 120:
\n raise ValueError("\u5e74\u9f84\u5fc5\u987b\u57280-120\u4e4b\u95f4")
\n print(f"\u5e74\u9f84：{age}")<\/p>\n

check_age(150) # \u4e3b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38，\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n# \u7ed3\u5408try-except\u6355\u83b7
\ntry:
\n check_age(150)
\nexcept ValueError as e:
\n print(e) # \u6253\u5370\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

2. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38（\u7ee7\u627fException\u7c7b）<\/h4>\n

# \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b
\nclass MyError(Exception):
\n pass<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38
\ntry:
\n score = int(input("\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u6210\u7ee9："))
\n if score < 0 or score > 100:
\n raise MyError("\u6210\u7ee9\u5fc5\u987b\u57280-100\u4e4b\u95f4")
\nexcept MyError as e:
\n print(e)
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u6210\u7ee9：{score}")<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \n

    except \u540e\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b，\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38（\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350，\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u591a\u4e2aexcept\u65f6，\u5b50\u7c7b\u5f02\u5e38（\u5982ZeroDivisionError）\u8981\u653e\u5728\u7236\u7c7b\u5f02\u5e38（\u5982Exception）\u524d\u9762，\u5426\u5219\u5b50\u7c7b\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    finally \u5185\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d，\u53ea\u6355\u83b7\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38，\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6355\u83b7（\u5197\u4f59）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u4e00\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840：\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u75281. \u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f02\u5e38\u662fPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef（\u5982\u9664\u96f6\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c），\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c，\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u610f\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u201d，\u5e76\u975e\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef（\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u65f6\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c）\u30022. \u5f02\u5e38\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e（\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u6613\u61c2）1. \u907f\u514d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u540e，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u610f\u5916\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\u65ad&#<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8819,81,50,190,1813],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-79247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-8819","tag-python","tag-50","tag-190","tag-1813"],"yoast_head":"\nPython\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\uff08\u516b\uff09-\u5f02\u5e38 - 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