\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u9762：HTTP\/1.1\u89c4\u8303RFC 7231\u5b9a\u4e493xx\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a"\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801"<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u9762：\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4，\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u968fLocation\u54cd\u5e94\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8bed\u4e49\u5c42\u9762：\u8d44\u6e90\u8868\u793a\u5728\u4e0d\u540cURI\u4e0b\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.1.2 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u8fdb<\/h6>\n
HTTP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u673a\u5236\u968f\u7740\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u719f：<\/p>\n
HTTP\/0.9\u548c\u65e9\u671fHTTP\/1.0：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4ec5\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4，\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
HTTP\/1.0 (RFC 1945, 1996)：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86301\u548c302\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f46\u89c4\u8303\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
HTTP\/1.1 (RFC 2616, 1999 \u2192 RFC 7231, 2014)：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5f15\u5165303\u3001307\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u660e\u786e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\u8bed\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u89c4\u8303\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u884c\u4e3a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3HTTP\/2\u548cHTTP\/3：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u534f\u8bae\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8bed\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f46\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6027\u80fd\u8003\u8651<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.1.3 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u8003：REST\u67b6\u6784\u89c6\u89d2<\/h6>\n
\u4eceREST（\u8868\u8ff0\u6027\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb）\u67b6\u6784\u98ce\u683c\u770b，\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3：\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5206\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf：\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u67b6\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u66f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6309\u9700\u4ee3\u7801：\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684"\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4"<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Roy Fielding\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03，\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662fREST\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d"\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb"\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236，\u4f7f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u968f\u7740\u8d44\u6e90\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6b63\u786e\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n
10.2 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h5>\n
10.2.1 \u6807\u51c6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d41\u7a0b\u8be6\u6790<\/h6>\n
\u5355\u6b21\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u521d\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u8d77<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/old-path HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: example.com
\nUser-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0
\nAccept: text\/html,application\/xhtml+xml <\/li>\n - \n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: https:\/\/example.com\/new-path
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8
\nContent-Length: 178
\nDate: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=3600<\/p>\n<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html><head><title>301 Moved Permanently<\/title><\/head>
\n<body><h1>Moved Permanently<\/h1><\/body><\/html> <\/li>\n - \n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u89e3\u6790\u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u68c0\u67e5Location\u5934\u90e8\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0URL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u5168（\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5faa\u73af）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5（\u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7c7b\u578b）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5411\u65b0URL\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/new-path HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: example.com
\nUser-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0
\nAccept: text\/html,application\/xhtml+xml
\nReferer: https:\/\/example.com\/old-path <\/li>\n - \n
\u6700\u7ec8\u54cd\u5e94\u63a5\u6536：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 200 OK
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8
\nContent-Length: 2456<\/p>\n<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html>…\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9…<\/html> <\/li>\n10.2.2 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u5236<\/h6>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u7ba1\u9053\u4f18\u5316：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2192 \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94 \u2192 \u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001\u7801 \u2192
\n\u7f13\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5 \u2192 \u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1 \u2192 \u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2192
\n\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u68c0\u67e5 \u2192 \u53d1\u9001\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42 <\/p>\n\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u65e7URL\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\u4e0b，\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u590d\u7528TCP\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
HTTP\/2\u548cHTTP\/3\u4e0b\u5229\u7528\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u63e1\u624b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u9632\u62a4：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u6700\u5927\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9650\u5236（\u901a\u5e3820\u6b21，\u9632\u5faa\u73af）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8de8\u57df\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u62a4（\u5982Authorization\u5934\u4f20\u9012）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.2.3 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u4e0e\u5faa\u73af\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h6>\n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 A (302 \u2192 B) \u2192 B (301 \u2192 C) \u2192 C (307 \u2192 D) \u2192 D (200 OK) <\/p>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b80\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5faa\u73af\u68c0\u6d4b\u903b\u8f91
\nclass RedirectHandler {
\n constructor(maxRedirects = 20) {
\n this.maxRedirects = maxRedirects;
\n this.visitedUrls = new Set();
\n this.redirectCount = 0;
\n }<\/p>\nhandleRedirect(response, currentUrl) {
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6b21\u6570\u9650\u5236
\n if (this.redirectCount >= this.maxRedirects) {
\n throw new Error('Too many redirects');
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807
\n const location = response.headers.get('Location');
\n const redirectUrl = new URL(location, currentUrl).href;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u5faa\u73af
\n if (this.visitedUrls.has(redirectUrl)) {
\n throw new Error('Redirect loop detected');
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed
\n this.visitedUrls.add(currentUrl);
\n this.redirectCount++;
\n return redirectUrl;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790：\u77e5\u540d\u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Twitter：t.co\u77ed\u94fe\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u591a\u5c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Google\u641c\u7d22：\u5730\u57df\u5316\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
CDN\u670d\u52a1：\u8fb9\u7f18\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6e90\u7ad9\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.3 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/h5>\n
10.3.1 \u6309\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u5206\u7c7b<\/h6>\n
\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（301\u3001308）：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8bed\u4e49：\u8d44\u6e90\u5df2\u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: \/new-url
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000 # \u901a\u5e381\u5e74\u7f13\u5b58 <\/li>\n - \n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u66f4\u65b0\u4e66\u7b7e\u548c\u6536\u85cf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u66f4\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0URL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（302\u3001303\u3001307）：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8bed\u4e49：\u8d44\u6e90\u4e34\u65f6\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 302 Found
\nLocation: \/temporary-location
\nCache-Control: no-store, no-cache # \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58
\nExpires: 0 <\/li>\n - \n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0\u4e66\u7b7e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u7ee7\u7eed\u6293\u53d6\u539f\u59cbURL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.3.2 \u6309\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u5206\u7c7b<\/h6>\n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（301\u3001302\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u610f\u56fe\u3001307\u3001308）：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cbHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5（GET\u4fdd\u6301GET，POST\u4fdd\u6301POST）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u9002\u7528\u4e8eAPI\u548c\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u66f4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（303）：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f6c\u4e3aGET<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u9002\u7528\u4e8ePOST\u540e\u5c55\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8：<\/p>\n
\n
\u65f6\u671f301\u884c\u4e3a302\u884c\u4e3a307\/308\u884c\u4e3a<\/tr>\n \n\n \u65e9\u671f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/td>\n POST\u2192GET（\u9519\u8bef）<\/td>\n POST\u2192GET（\u9519\u8bef）<\/td>\n \u672a\u5f15\u5165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u4e2d\u671f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n \u90e8\u5206\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n POST\u2192GET<\/td>\n \u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/td>\n \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n \u5b9e\u9645\u5e38\u8f6cGET<\/td>\n \u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 10.3.3 \u6309\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u5206\u7c7b<\/h6>\n
\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
301\u3001308\u53ef\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u7531Cache-Control\u548cExpires\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6620\u5c04<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
302\u3001303\u3001307\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5411\u539f\u59cb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u4f20\u9012\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.3.4 \u6309\u89e6\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u5206\u7c7b<\/h6>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e（.htaccess\u3001Nginx\u914d\u7f6e）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91（PHP header()\u3001Express redirect()）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546（\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u578b）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a71\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
JavaScript\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：window.location.href = '\/new'<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Meta\u6807\u7b7e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=\/new"><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
HTTP\u5237\u65b0\u5934：Refresh: 5; url=\/new-path<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6df7\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Service Worker\u62e6\u622a\u548c\u91cd\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0（Cloudflare Workers）\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
API\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.4 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h5>\n
10.4.1 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668 (.htaccess)：<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
# \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRedirect 301 \/old-path \/new-path<\/p>\n# \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRedirectMatch 301 ^\/blog\/(.*)$ https:\/\/newsite.com\/articles\/$1<\/p>\n# \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRewriteEngine On
\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^oldsite.com$ [NC]
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/newsite.com\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# \u57fa\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^id=([0-9]+)$
\nRewriteRule ^product\\\\.php$ \/products\/%1? [R=301,L] <\/p>\nNginx\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
server {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name example.com;<\/p>\n# \u7b80\u5355\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location = \/old-url {
\n return 301 \/new-url;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location ~ ^\/blog\/([0-9]{4})\/([0-9]{2})\/(.*)$ {
\n return 301 \/archives\/$1\/$2\/$3;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if ($http_user_agent ~* "bot|crawler|spider") {
\n return 301 \/bot-page;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u7559\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570
\n location \/search {
\n return 301 https:\/\/$server_name\/search$is_args$args;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\nIIS\u670d\u52a1\u5668 (web.config)：<\/p>\n
xml<\/p>\n
<configuration>
\n <system.webServer>
\n <rewrite>
\n <rules>
\n <rule name="Redirect to HTTPS" stopProcessing="true">
\n <match url="(.*)" \/>
\n <conditions>
\n <add input="{HTTPS}" pattern="^OFF$" \/>
\n <\/conditions>
\n <action type="Redirect" url="https:\/\/{HTTP_HOST}\/{R:1}"
\n redirectType="Permanent" \/>
\n <\/rule>
\n <rule name="Redirect old pages">
\n <match url="^old-folder\/(.*)$" \/>
\n <action type="Redirect" url="\/new-folder\/{R:1}"
\n redirectType="Permanent" \/>
\n <\/rule>
\n <\/rules>
\n <\/rewrite>
\n <\/system.webServer>
\n<\/configuration> <\/p>\n10.4.2 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
Node.js\/Express\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
const express = require('express');
\nconst app = express();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\napp.get('\/legacy-page', (req, res) => {
\n res.redirect(301, '\/modern-page');
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\napp.post('\/submit-form', (req, res) => {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e…
\n res.redirect(302, '\/thank-you');
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\napp.post('\/api\/v1\/resource', (req, res) => {
\n \/\/ \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u7248\u672cAPI
\n res.redirect(308, '\/api\/v2\/resource');
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\napp.get('\/user-profile', (req, res) => {
\n if (!req.session.user) {
\n res.redirect(302, '\/login');
\n } else {
\n res.render('profile');
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5e26\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\napp.get('\/search', (req, res) => {
\n const { q, page } = req.query;
\n \/\/ \u89c4\u8303\u5316\u641c\u7d22URL
\n res.redirect(301, `\/search?query=${encodeURIComponent(q)}&page=${page || 1}`);
\n}); <\/p>\nPython\/Django\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponsePermanentRedirect
\nfrom django.shortcuts import redirect
\nfrom django.urls import reverse<\/p>\ndef legacy_view(request):
\n # \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n return HttpResponsePermanentRedirect('\/new-url\/')<\/p>\ndef temp_redirect(request):
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n return HttpResponseRedirect('\/temporary-url\/')<\/p>\n# \u4f7f\u7528redirect\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f
\ndef product_view(request, product_id):
\n if product_id < 1000:
\n # \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1ID\u7cfb\u7edf
\n return redirect('product-detail', product_id=product_id+10000,
\n permanent=True)
\n return render(request, 'product.html')<\/p>\n# \u57fa\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\ndef auth_required_view(request):
\n if not request.user.is_authenticated:
\n return redirect('%s?next=%s' % (settings.LOGIN_URL, request.path))
\n return render(request, 'protected.html') <\/p>\nPHP\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
php<\/p>\n
<?php
\n\/\/ \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nheader("HTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently");
\nheader("Location: https:\/\/newsite.com\/new-page.php");
\nexit();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nheader("Location: \/maintenance.php", true, 302);
\nexit();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5e26\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nheader("Refresh: 10; url=\/new-location.php");
\necho "\u9875\u9762\u5c06\u572810\u79d2\u540e\u8df3\u8f6c…";<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nif ($_SERVER['HTTPS'] != "on") {
\n $redirect_url = "https:\/\/" . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
\n header("Location: $redirect_url", true, 301);
\n exit();
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n$user_agent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
\nif (preg_match('\/iPhone|Android|Mobile\/i', $user_agent)) {
\n header("Location: \/mobile\/", true, 302);
\n exit();
\n}
\n?> <\/p>\n10.4.3 \u524d\u7aefJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
\u57fa\u7840\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nwindow.location.href = '\/new-url';
\nwindow.location.replace('\/new-url'); \/\/ \u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5ef6\u8fdf\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nsetTimeout(() => {
\n window.location.href = '\/new-url';
\n}, 3000);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nif (!localStorage.getItem('user_token')) {
\n window.location.href = '\/login';
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7279\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nif (window.innerWidth < 768) {
\n window.location.href = '\/mobile-version';
\n} <\/p>\n\u73b0\u4ee3\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
React Router\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
jsx<\/p>\n
import { Navigate, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ec4\u4ef6\u5185\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nfunction ProtectedRoute({ children }) {
\n const isAuthenticated = useSelector(state => state.auth.isAuthenticated);<\/p>\nif (!isAuthenticated) {
\n return <Navigate to="\/login" replace state={{ from: location }} \/>;
\n }<\/p>\nreturn children;
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7f16\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5bfc\u822a
\nfunction ProductPage() {
\n const navigate = useNavigate();
\n const params = useParams();<\/p>\nconst handleProductUpdate = async () => {
\n try {
\n await updateProduct(params.id);
\n \/\/ \u6210\u529f\u540e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n navigate('\/products', {
\n replace: true,
\n state: { message: 'Product updated successfully' }
\n });
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Update failed:', error);
\n }
\n };<\/p>\nreturn (
\n <div>
\n <button onClick={handleProductUpdate}>Update Product<\/button>
\n <\/div>
\n );
\n} <\/p>\nVue Router\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8def\u7531\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nconst routes = [
\n {
\n path: '\/',
\n redirect: '\/home' \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n },
\n {
\n path: '\/old-product\/:id',
\n redirect: to => {
\n \/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u903b\u8f91
\n return `\/products\/${to.params.id}`;
\n }
\n }
\n];<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5bfc\u822a\u5b88\u536b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nrouter.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
\n const isAuthenticated = store.getters.isAuthenticated;<\/p>\nif (to.meta.requiresAuth && !isAuthenticated) {
\n next({
\n path: '\/login',
\n query: { redirect: to.fullPath }
\n });
\n } else {
\n next();
\n }
\n}); <\/p>\n10.4.4 HTML Meta\u6807\u7b7e\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
html<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html>
\n<head>
\n <!– \u57fa\u672c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 –>
\n <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=\/new-page.html"><\/p>\n<!– \u5ef6\u8fdf\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 –>
\n <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=\/new-page.html">
\n <title>\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c\u4e2d…<\/title>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <p>\u9875\u9762\u5c06\u57285\u79d2\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c，<a href="\/new-page.html">\u7acb\u5373\u8df3\u8f6c<\/a><\/p>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html> <\/p>\nMeta\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4e0d\u652f\u6301HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801（\u603b\u662f302\u884c\u4e3a）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5bf9\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.4.5 \u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u548cCDN\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
Cloudflare Workers\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Cloudflare Workers\u811a\u672c
\naddEventListener('fetch', event => {
\n event.respondWith(handleRequest(event.request));
\n});<\/p>\nasync function handleRequest(request) {
\n const url = new URL(request.url);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if (url.pathname.startsWith('\/legacy\/')) {
\n const newPath = url.pathname.replace('\/legacy\/', '\/modern\/');
\n return Response.redirect(`https:\/\/${url.hostname}${newPath}`, 301);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const country = request.cf.country;
\n if (country === 'CN') {
\n return Response.redirect('https:\/\/cn.example.com' + url.pathname, 302);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const userAgent = request.headers.get('User-Agent');
\n if (\/mobile|android|iphone\/i.test(userAgent)) {
\n url.hostname = 'm.example.com';
\n return Response.redirect(url.toString(), 302);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406
\n return fetch(request);
\n} <\/p>\nAWS Lambda@Edge\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
exports.handler = async (event) => {
\n const request = event.Records[0].cf.request;
\n const headers = request.headers;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230HTTPS
\n if (headers['cloudfront-forwarded-proto'] &&
\n headers['cloudfront-forwarded-proto'][0].value === 'http') {
\n return {
\n status: '301',
\n statusDescription: 'Moved Permanently',
\n headers: {
\n location: [{
\n key: 'Location',
\n value: `https:\/\/${headers.host[0].value}${request.uri}`
\n }]
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8def\u5f84\u91cd\u5199\/\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if (request.uri.startsWith('\/old\/')) {
\n const newUri = request.uri.replace('\/old\/', '\/new\/');
\n return {
\n status: '302',
\n statusDescription: 'Found',
\n headers: {
\n location: [{
\n key: 'Location',
\n value: newUri
\n }]
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\nreturn request;
\n}; <\/p>\n10.5 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h5>\n
10.5.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u7c7b<\/h6>\n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5faa\u73af：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 A (301 \u2192 B) \u2192 B (301 \u2192 A) \u2192 A (301 \u2192 B) \u2192 … <\/p>\n
\u539f\u56e0\u5206\u6790：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u76f8\u4e92\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6761\u4ef6\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u6d4b\u5faa\u73af\u94fe<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u68c0\u67e5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6761\u4ef6\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6e05\u9664\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e22\u5931\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ecf\u8fc7302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u53d8\u4e3aGET<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
API\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5bf9API\u4f7f\u7528307\/308\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u9875\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u8bd5\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
SEO\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8fc7\u591a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u5f71\u54cd\u722c\u866b\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6743\u91cd\u4f20\u9012\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7d22\u5f15\u6df7\u4e71<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u7b80\u5316\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe（\u6700\u597d1\u6b21\u8df3\u8f6c）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u72b6\u6001\u7801（301\u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u6838\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5730\u56fe<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.5.2 \u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u6280\u672f<\/h6>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u8bd5：<\/p>\n
cURL\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# \u57fa\u672c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8ddf\u8e2a
\ncurl -I https:\/\/example.com\/old-url<\/p>\n# \u8ddf\u8e2a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe（-L \u8ddf\u968f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411）
\ncurl -L -v https:\/\/example.com\/old-url<\/p>\n# \u9650\u5236\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6b21\u6570
\ncurl -L –max-redirs 5 https:\/\/example.com<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5（-X POST）
\ncurl -X POST -L -d "param=value" https:\/\/example.com\/form<\/p>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f
\ncurl -I -H "User-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0" https:\/\/example.com <\/p>\nwget\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u8ddf\u968f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nwget https:\/\/example.com\/old-url<\/p>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b
\nwget –server-response –spider https:\/\/example.com\/old-url<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u5b58\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u4fe1\u606f
\nwget –save-headers -O output.html https:\/\/example.com\/old-url <\/p>\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u8bd5：<\/p>\n
Chrome DevTools\u7f51\u7edc\u9762\u677f：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u6253\u5f00Network\u6807\u7b7e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u52fe\u9009"Preserve log"\u4fdd\u7559\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a3xx\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u68c0\u67e5Response Headers\u4e2d\u7684Location\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5206\u6790：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684Timing\u6807\u7b7e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5206\u6790DNS\u67e5\u627e\u3001TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3001SSL\u63e1\u624b\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8017\u65f6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6269\u5c55\u5de5\u5177：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Redirect Path (Chrome\u6269\u5c55)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
HTTP Header Live<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Redirect Detective<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.5.3 \u4e13\u4e1a\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/h6>\n
Screaming Frog SEO Spider：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5206\u6790\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8bc6\u522b\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5bfc\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5730\u56fe<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ahrefs Site Audit：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u626b\u63cf\u5168\u7ad9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u68c0\u67e5301 vs 302\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5206\u6790\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5bf9SEO\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fee\u590d\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u76d1\u63a7：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
import requests
\nfrom urllib.parse import urljoin
\nfrom collections import defaultdict<\/p>\nclass RedirectAnalyzer:
\n def __init__(self):
\n self.redirect_chains = defaultdict(list)
\n self.max_redirects = 10<\/p>\ndef analyze_url(self, url):
\n chain = []
\n current_url = url<\/p>\nfor _ in range(self.max_redirects):
\n try:
\n response = requests.head(current_url, allow_redirects=False, timeout=5)
\n chain.append({
\n 'url': current_url,
\n 'status': response.status_code,
\n 'headers': dict(response.headers)
\n })<\/p>\nif response.status_code in [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]:
\n location = response.headers.get('Location')
\n if location:
\n current_url = urljoin(current_url, location)
\n else:
\n break
\n else:
\n break<\/p>\nif current_url in [step['url'] for step in chain]:
\n chain.append({'error': 'Redirect loop detected'})
\n break<\/p>\nexcept Exception as e:
\n chain.append({'error': str(e)})
\n break<\/p>\nself.redirect_chains[url] = chain
\n return chain<\/p>\ndef generate_report(self):
\n report = {
\n 'total_urls': len(self.redirect_chains),
\n 'chains_by_length': defaultdict(int),
\n 'status_codes': defaultdict(int),
\n 'issues': []
\n }<\/p>\nfor url, chain in self.redirect_chains.items():
\n report['chains_by_length'][len(chain)] += 1<\/p>\nfor step in chain:
\n if 'status' in step:
\n report['status_codes'][step['status']] += 1<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u6d4b\u95ee\u9898
\n if len(chain) > 5:
\n report['issues'].append(f"Long chain detected for {url}: {len(chain)} redirects")<\/p>\nif chain and 'error' in chain[-1]:
\n report['issues'].append(f"Error for {url}: {chain[-1]['error']}")<\/p>\nreturn report<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nanalyzer = RedirectAnalyzer()
\nanalyzer.analyze_url('https:\/\/example.com\/old-page')
\nreport = analyzer.generate_report()
\nprint(report) <\/p>\n10.5.4 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/h6>\n
\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
# \u4e0d\u4f73：\u591a\u5c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n\u539f\u59cbURL \u2192 A \u2192 B \u2192 C \u2192 \u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n# \u4f18\u5316：\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n\u539f\u59cbURL \u2192 \u76ee\u6807 <\/p>\n\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u4f18\u5316：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u786e\u4fdd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\u4e0b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\/2\u6216HTTP\/3\u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u9884\u8fde\u63a5\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u5bf9\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8bbe\u7f6e\u957f\u7f13\u5b58
\nHTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: \/new-url
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000 # 1\u5e74 <\/p>\nCDN\u8fb9\u7f18\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5728CDN\u8fb9\u7f18\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u51cf\u5c11\u56de\u6e90\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10.5.5 \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651<\/h6>\n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6f0f\u6d1e：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u5371\u9669\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5b9e\u73b0
\nGET \/redirect?url=https:\/\/evil.com HTTP\/1.1<\/p>\nHTTP\/1.1 302 Found
\nLocation: https:\/\/evil.com # \u7528\u6237\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6076\u610f\u7f51\u7ad9 <\/li>\n - \n
\u9632\u5fa1\u63aa\u65bd：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
def safe_redirect(request, default_url='\/home'):
\n target = request.GET.get('url', '')<\/p>\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u76ee\u6807URL
\n if not target:
\n return redirect(default_url)<\/p>\n# \u767d\u540d\u5355\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n allowed_domains = ['example.com', 'trusted-site.com']
\n parsed_url = urlparse(target)<\/p>\nif parsed_url.netloc not in allowed_domains:
\n return redirect(default_url)<\/p>\n# \u9632\u6b62\u534f\u8bae\u6ee5\u7528
\n if parsed_url.scheme not in ['http', 'https']:
\n return redirect(default_url)<\/p>\nreturn redirect(target) <\/li>\n
- \n
HTTP\u4e25\u683c\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168（HSTS）：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u9632\u6b62SSL\u5265\u79bb\u653b\u51fb
\nStrict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload <\/li>\n\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u62a4：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f20\u9012Authorization\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528Referrer-Policy\u63a7\u5236referrer\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528POST+303\u800c\u975eGET\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7b2c11\u7ae0：301 Moved Permanently – \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n
11.1 \u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282<\/h5>\n
11.1.1 RFC\u89c4\u8303\u6f14\u8fdb<\/h6>\n
RFC 2616 (HTTP\/1.1, 1999)：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
10.3.2 301 Moved Permanently<\/p>\n
The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any
\nfuture references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned URIs. <\/p>\nRFC 7231 (HTTP\/1.1 Semantics, 2014) – \u73b0\u884c\u6807\u51c6：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
6.4.2. 301 Moved Permanently<\/p>\n
The 301 (Moved Permanently) status code indicates that the target
\nresource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future
\nreferences to this resource ought to use one of the enclosed URIs. <\/p>\n\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u5316：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
"SHOULD"\u53d8\u4e3a"ought to"（\u8bed\u6c14\u66f4\u5f3a）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5f3a\u8c03\u672a\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u90fd\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0URI<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u660e\u786e\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u5904\u7406\u8981\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
11.1.2 \u6280\u672f\u7279\u6027\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n
\u8bed\u4e49\u7279\u5f81：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u6c38\u4e45\u6027：\u8d44\u6e90\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6c38\u4e45\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027：\u65e7URI\u4e0d\u5e94\u518d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u53ef\u94fe\u63a5\u6027：\u65b0URI\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u8981\u6c42：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
POST \/old-endpoint HTTP\/1.1
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\nContent-Length: 32<\/p>\n{"action": "create", "data": "value"}<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: \/new-endpoint <\/p>\n\u89c4\u8303\u8981\u6c42：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42 \u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5：\u8bb8\u591a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c06POST\u8f6c\u4e3aGET（\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0）<\/p>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u7f13\u5b58\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u66f4\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u6620\u5c04<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u5efa\u8bae：1\u5e74\u6216\u66f4\u957f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
11.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
11.2.1 \u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u6784\u4e0e\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h6>\n
\u57df\u540d\u53d8\u66f4\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# old-example.com \u2192 new-example.com \u5168\u9762\u8fc1\u79fb
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name old-example.com www.old-example.com;
\n return 301 https:\/\/new-example.com$request_uri;
\n}<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u7559\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name old-example.com;
\n location \/ {
\n return 301 https:\/\/new-example.com$request_uri;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574：<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
# \u6241\u5e73\u5316URL\u7ed3\u6784\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRedirectMatch 301 ^\/products\/category\/([^\/]+)\/([^\/]+)$ \/$1-$2<\/p>\n# \u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u6807\u51c6\u5316
\nRedirectMatch 301 ^\/blog\/([0-9]{4})\/([0-9]{1,2})\/([0-9]{1,2})\/(.*)$ \\\\
\n \/articles\/$1\/$2\/$3\/$4 <\/p>\n\u534f\u8bae\u5347\u7ea7（HTTP \u2192 HTTPS）：<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
\n ServerName example.com
\n ServerAlias www.example.com<\/p>\n# 301\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230HTTPS
\n RewriteEngine On
\n RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
\n RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Redirect\u6307\u4ee4
\n Redirect permanent \/ https:\/\/example.com\/
\n<\/VirtualHost> <\/p>\n11.2.2 URL\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e0eSEO\u4f18\u5316<\/h6>\n
www\u4e0e\u975ewww\u89c4\u8303\u5316：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u65b9\u68481：www\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u975ewww
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name www.example.com;
\n return 301 $scheme:\/\/example.com$request_uri;
\n}<\/p>\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name example.com;
\n # \u4e3b\u7ad9\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e
\n}<\/p>\n# \u65b9\u68482：\u975ewww\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230www
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name example.com;
\n return 301 $scheme:\/\/www.example.com$request_uri;
\n} <\/p>\n\u5c3e\u90e8\u659c\u6760\u89c4\u8303\u5316：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027：\u65e0\u659c\u6760 \u2192 \u6709\u659c\u6760
\nlocation ~ ^(\/[^.\/]+)$ {
\n return 301 $scheme:\/\/$http_host$1\/;
\n}<\/p>\n# \u6216\u8005：\u6709\u659c\u6760 \u2192 \u65e0\u659c\u6760
\nlocation ~ ^(.+)\/$ {
\n return 301 $scheme:\/\/$http_host$1;
\n} <\/p>\n\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u89c4\u8303\u5316：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u5c06\u6240\u6709URL\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199
\nif ($request_uri ~ [A-Z]) {
\n rewrite ^(.*)$ $scheme:\/\/$host${lowercase:$1} permanent;
\n} <\/p>\n\u91cd\u590d\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u5e76：<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
# \u591a\u4e2aURL\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u4e3b\u7248\u672c
\n<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
\n RewriteEngine On<\/p>\n# \u53c2\u6570\u89c4\u8303\u5316
\n RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^id=123&lang=en$
\n RewriteRule ^product\\\\.php$ \/products\/123? [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# \u6392\u5e8f\u53c2\u6570\u5ffd\u7565
\n RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)&?sort=[^&]+&?(.*)$
\n RewriteRule ^(.*)$ \/$1?%1%2 [R=301,L]
\n<\/IfModule> <\/p>\n11.2.3 API\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406<\/h6>\n
API\u7aef\u70b9\u8fc1\u79fb：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django API\u7248\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponsePermanentRedirect
\nfrom django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods<\/p>\n@require_http_methods(["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"])
\ndef legacy_api_v1(request, resource_id=None):
\n """
\n API v1 \u7aef\u70b9 – \u5df2\u5f03\u7528，\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230v2
\n """
\n # \u6784\u5efav2\u7aef\u70b9URL
\n path = request.path.replace('\/api\/v1\/', '\/api\/v2\/')<\/p>\n# \u5bf9\u4e8eGET\u8bf7\u6c42，\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if request.method == 'GET':
\n return HttpResponsePermanentRedirect(path)<\/p>\n# \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5，\u8fd4\u56de\u8be6\u7ec6\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f
\n return JsonResponse({
\n 'error': 'API v1 is deprecated',
\n 'message': 'Please use API v2',
\n 'new_endpoint': path,
\n 'docs': 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/docs\/v2'
\n }, status=301) <\/p>\n\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# API\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b
\napi_redirects:
\n v1_to_v2:
\n pattern: "^\/api\/v1\/(.*)"
\n replacement: "\/api\/v2\/$1"
\n status: 301
\n methods: ["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"]
\n exceptions:
\n – "\/api\/v1\/admin\/" # \u7ba1\u7406\u7aef\u70b9\u4e0d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\nv2_to_v3:
\n pattern: "^\/api\/v2\/(.*)"
\n replacement: "\/api\/v3\/$1"
\n status: 301
\n sunset: "2024-12-31" # \u65e5\u843d\u65f6\u95f4 <\/p>\n11.3 \u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236<\/h5>\n
11.3.1 \u6807\u51c6\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u914d\u7f6e<\/h6>\n
\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: https:\/\/example.com\/new-path
\nDate: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT
\nServer: nginx\/1.18.0
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8
\nContent-Length: 178
\nConnection: close <\/p>\n\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: https:\/\/example.com\/new-path
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000 # 1\u5e74\u7f13\u5b58
\nExpires: Tue, 21 Oct 2025 09:00:00 GMT
\nDate: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT
\nServer: nginx\/1.18.0
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8
\nContent-Length: 178
\nX-Redirect-By: ExampleApp\/2.0
\nX-Redirect-Reason: Site migration 2024 <\/p>\n11.3.2 \u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u957f\u671f\u7f13\u5b58（\u63a8\u8350）
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000, immutable<\/p>\n# \u4e2d\u7b49\u7f13\u5b58
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=86400 # 1\u5929<\/p>\n# \u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58（\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5）
\nCache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate <\/p>\n\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f13\u5b58：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u900f\u660e\u4ee3\u7406：\u9075\u5faa\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u663e\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7406：\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
CDN\u8fb9\u7f18\u7f13\u5b58：\u914d\u7f6e\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u5931\u6548\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5934
\nlocation ~ "^\/old\/(.*)$" {
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000";
\n add_header Expires $expires;<\/p>\n# \u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u8c03\u6574\u7f13\u5b58
\n if ($args ~ "nocache") {
\n add_header Cache-Control "no-cache";
\n }<\/p>\nreturn 301 \/new\/$1;
\n} <\/p>\n11.3.3 \u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h6>\n
\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684HTML\u54cd\u5e94：<\/p>\n
html<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html lang="en">
\n<head>
\n <meta charset="UTF-8">
\n <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
\n <title>Page Moved Permanently<\/title>
\n <style>
\n body {
\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
\n max-width: 600px;
\n margin: 50px auto;
\n padding: 20px;
\n }
\n .redirect-message {
\n background: #f8f9fa;
\n padding: 20px;
\n border-radius: 5px;
\n border-left: 4px solid #007bff;
\n }
\n <\/style>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <div class="redirect-message">
\n <h1>Page Moved<\/h1>
\n <p>This page has been permanently moved to a new location.<\/p>
\n <p>You are being redirected to:
\n <a href="https:\/\/example.com\/new-path">https:\/\/example.com\/new-path<\/a>
\n <\/p>
\n <p>If you are not redirected automatically, please click the link above.<\/p>
\n <p><small>HTTP 301 Moved Permanently<\/small><\/p>
\n <\/div><\/p>\n<script>
\n \/\/ \u5907\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u673a\u5236
\n setTimeout(function() {
\n window.location.href = "https:\/\/example.com\/new-path";
\n }, 5000);
\n <\/script>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html> <\/p>\n\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f：<\/p>\n
JSON\u54cd\u5e94（API\u573a\u666f）：<\/p>\n
json<\/p>\n
{
\n "status": 301,
\n "message": "Resource moved permanently",
\n "new_location": "https:\/\/api.example.com\/v2\/resource\/123",
\n "documentation": "https:\/\/docs.example.com\/api\/migration-guide",
\n "deprecated": true,
\n "sunset_date": "2024-12-31T23:59:59Z"
\n} <\/p>\nXML\u54cd\u5e94：<\/p>\n
xml<\/p>\n
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
\n<redirect>
\n <status>301<\/status>
\n <message>Moved Permanently<\/message>
\n <location>https:\/\/example.com\/new-path<\/location>
\n <cache>
\n <duration>31536000<\/duration>
\n <unit>seconds<\/unit>
\n <\/cache>
\n <timestamp>2024-10-21T09:00:00Z<\/timestamp>
\n<\/redirect> <\/p>\n11.4 SEO\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/h5>\n
11.4.1 \u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/h6>\n
Google\u641c\u7d22\u7684301\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u722c\u866b\u53d1\u73b0：Googlebot\u9047\u5230301\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7d22\u5f15\u66f4\u65b0：\u5c06\u65e7URL\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u65b0URL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6743\u91cd\u4f20\u9012：PageRank\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u6743\u76ca\u4f20\u9012<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7d22\u5f15\u6e05\u7406：\u65e7URL\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664（\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f20\u9012\u56e0\u7d20：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
90-99%\u7684PageRank\u4f20\u9012（\u6839\u636eGoogle\u5b98\u65b9）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u951a\u6587\u672c\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6293\u53d6\u9884\u7b97\u5206\u914d\u8c03\u6574<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u73b0301 \u2192 \u91cd\u65b0\u6293\u53d6\u65b0URL \u2192 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb \u2192
\n\u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd \u2192 \u66f4\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15 \u2192 \u6e05\u7406\u65e7URL
\n\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b：\u6570\u5929\u5230\u6570\u5468 <\/p>\n11.4.2 \u6700\u4f73SEO\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h6>\n
\u8fc1\u79fb\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u524d\u671f\u51c6\u5907：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# 1. \u521b\u5efa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6620\u5c04\u8868
\nold_url,new_url,status_code
\n\/old-page,\/new-page,301
\n\/products\/item1,\/items\/product-1,301<\/p>\n# 2. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b0URL\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee
\ncurl -I https:\/\/example.com\/new-page<\/p>\n# 3. \u68c0\u67e5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6
\ncurl -L –max-redirs 10 -I https:\/\/example.com\/old-page <\/li>\n - \n
\u5b9e\u65bd\u76d1\u63a7：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u76d1\u63a7\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684SEO\u5f71\u54cd
\nimport requests
\nfrom datetime import datetime<\/p>\nclass RedirectMonitor:
\n def check_redirect_status(self, url):
\n try:
\n response = requests.head(url, allow_redirects=True)
\n final_url = response.url
\n status_history = [r.status_code for r in response.history]<\/p>\nreturn {
\n 'original_url': url,
\n 'final_url': final_url,
\n 'status_chain': status_history,
\n 'redirect_count': len(response.history),
\n 'checked_at': datetime.now().isoformat()
\n }
\n except Exception as e:
\n return {'error': str(e), 'url': url} <\/li>\n - \n
\u5de5\u5177\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Google Search Console\u7684URL\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Screaming Frog SEO Spider\u6279\u91cf\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ahrefs\/SEMrush\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1SEO\u9519\u8bef：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u8fc7\u957f：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
# \u9519\u8bef：\u591a\u91cd\u8df3\u8f6c
\nA \u2192 B \u2192 C \u2192 D \u2192 E<\/p>\n# \u6b63\u786e：\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nA \u2192 E <\/li>\n - \n
\u5faa\u73af\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u6d4b\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e22\u5931\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u7247\u6bb5：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u9519\u8bef：\u4e22\u5931\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570
\nlocation \/search {
\n return 301 \/new-search; # \u4e22\u5931?q=keyword
\n}<\/p>\n# \u6b63\u786e：\u4fdd\u7559\u53c2\u6570
\nlocation \/search {
\n return 301 \/new-search$is_args$args;
\n} <\/li>\n11.4.3 \u8fc1\u79fb\u573a\u666f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8003\u8651<\/h6>\n
\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fc1\u79fb：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u5b9e\u65bd：
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260228233637-69a37c054762a.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
migration_metrics:
\n crawl_errors: < 0.1% # \u6293\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u7387
\n redirect_chains:
\n max_length: 2 # \u6700\u5927\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6
\n avg_length: 1.2 # \u5e73\u5747\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6
\n index_coverage:
\n old_urls_in_index: decreasing # \u65e7URL\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d
\n new_urls_in_index: increasing # \u65b0URL\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347
\n performance:
\n redirect_time_p95: < 200ms # 95%\u5206\u4f4d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u95f4
\n success_rate: > 99.9% # \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6210\u529f\u7387 <\/li>\n\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\/\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7f51\u7ad9：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b56\u7565
\nmap $http_accept_language $lang_redirect {
\n default "";
\n ~*^zh "\/zh-CN";
\n ~*^en "\/en-US";
\n ~*^ja "\/ja-JP";
\n}<\/p>\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name example.com;<\/p>\n# \u6839\u636e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if ($lang_redirect) {
\n return 301 $scheme:\/\/$http_host$lang_redirect$request_uri;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bed\u8a00
\n return 301 $scheme:\/\/$http_host\/en-US$request_uri;
\n} <\/p>\n11.5 \u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b<\/h5>\n
11.5.1 \u4e3b\u6d41\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/h6>\n
Apache\u8be6\u7ec6\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
# .htaccess \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u7528\u91cd\u5199\u5f15\u64ce
\nRewriteEngine On<\/p>\n# 1. \u57df\u540d\u53d8\u66f4（\u5b8c\u6574\u8fc1\u79fb）
\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^old-domain\\\\.com$ [NC,OR]
\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\\\\.old-domain\\\\.com$ [NC]
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/new-domain.com\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# 2. HTTP\u8f6cHTTPS
\nRewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/%{HTTP_HOST}\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# 3. www\u89c4\u8303\u5316
\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\\\\.com$ [NC]
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/www.example.com\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# 4. \u8def\u5f84\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u5e26\u901a\u914d\u7b26）
\nRewriteRule ^old-path\/(.*)$ \/new-path\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# 5. \u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u5904\u7406
\nRewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^id=([0-9]+)$
\nRewriteRule ^product\\\\.php$ \/products\/%1? [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# 6. \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u6216UA）
\nRewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^192\\\\.168\\\\.1\\\\.
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ \/internal\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# 7. \u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^\/(admin|api)\/
\nRewriteRule ^blog\/(.*)$ \/articles\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# 8. \u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570
\nRewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.+)&page=([0-9]+)&?(.*)$
\nRewriteRule ^search$ \/search\/%2?%1%3 [R=301,L] <\/p>\nNginx\u9ad8\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# nginx.conf \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n
# \u6620\u5c04\u8868\u9a71\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nmap $request_uri $new_uri {
\n include \/etc\/nginx\/redirects.map;
\n}<\/p>\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name example.com;<\/p>\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if ($new_uri) {
\n return 301 $new_uri;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u57fa\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n set $redirect_reason "";<\/p>\n# \u534f\u8bae\u5347\u7ea7
\n if ($scheme = "http") {
\n set $redirect_reason "https_upgrade";
\n return 301 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u57df\u540d\u89c4\u8303\u5316
\n if ($host = "example.com") {
\n set $redirect_reason "www_canonical";
\n return 301 https:\/\/www.$host$request_uri;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u8def\u5f84\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location ~ "^\/legacy\/(.*)" {
\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65e5\u5fd7
\n access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/redirect.log redirect_log;<\/p>\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5934
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000";<\/p>\n# \u6267\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n return 301 \/modern\/$1;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location ~* "^\/category\/([^\/]+)\/([^\/]+)$" {
\n return 301 \/shop\/$1-$2;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u4ee3\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f）
\n location \/api\/old\/ {
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;
\n proxy_redirect \/api\/new\/ \/api\/old\/;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n# \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f
\nlog_format redirect_log '$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] '
\n '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
\n '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
\n '"$redirect_reason" "$new_uri"'; <\/p>\nIIS\u8be6\u7ec6\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
xml<\/p>\n
<!– web.config \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e –>
\n<configuration>
\n <system.webServer>
\n <rewrite>
\n <rules>
\n <!– \u57df\u540d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 –>
\n <rule name="Domain Redirect" stopProcessing="true">
\n <match url=".*" \/>
\n <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAny">
\n <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^old-domain\\\\.com$" \/>
\n <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^www\\\\.old-domain\\\\.com$" \/>
\n <\/conditions>
\n <action type="Redirect" url="https:\/\/new-domain.com\/{R:0}"
\n redirectType="Permanent" \/>
\n <\/rule><\/p>\n<!– HTTP\u8f6cHTTPS –>
\n <rule name="Force HTTPS" stopProcessing="true">
\n <match url="(.*)" \/>
\n <conditions>
\n <add input="{HTTPS}" pattern="^OFF$" \/>
\n <\/conditions>
\n <action type="Redirect" url="https:\/\/{HTTP_HOST}\/{R:1}"
\n redirectType="Permanent" \/>
\n <\/rule><\/p>\n<!– \u8def\u5f84\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 –>
\n <rule name="Redirect old pages" stopProcessing="true">
\n <match url="^old-folder\/(.*)$" \/>
\n <action type="Redirect" url="\/new-folder\/{R:1}"
\n redirectType="Permanent" \/>
\n <\/rule><\/p>\n<!– \u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 –>
\n <rule name="Product Redirect" stopProcessing="true">
\n <match url="^product\\\\.aspx$" \/>
\n <conditions>
\n <add input="{QUERY_STRING}" pattern="^id=([0-9]+)$" \/>
\n <\/conditions>
\n <action type="Redirect" url="\/products\/{C:1}"
\n redirectType="Permanent" \/>
\n <\/rule>
\n <\/rules><\/p>\n<!– \u51fa\u7ad9\u89c4\u5219（\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94） –>
\n <outboundRules>
\n <rule name="Add Redirect Header">
\n <match serverVariable="RESPONSE_X_Redirected_By" pattern=".*" \/>
\n <action type="Rewrite" value="IIS-Rewrite-Module" \/>
\n <\/rule>
\n <\/outboundRules>
\n <\/rewrite><\/p>\n<!– HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934 –>
\n <httpProtocol>
\n <customHeaders>
\n <add name="X-Redirect-Type" value="Permanent" \/>
\n <add name="Cache-Control" value="public, max-age=31536000" \/>
\n <\/customHeaders>
\n <\/httpProtocol>
\n <\/system.webServer>
\n<\/configuration> <\/p>\n11.5.2 \u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u914d\u7f6e<\/h6>\n
AWS S3\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
json<\/p>\n
{
\n "RedirectAllRequestsTo": {
\n "HostName": "new-domain.com",
\n "Protocol": "https"
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6216\u5355\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n{
\n "IndexDocument": {
\n "Suffix": "index.html"
\n },
\n "RoutingRules": [
\n {
\n "Condition": {
\n "KeyPrefixEquals": "old-path\/"
\n },
\n "Redirect": {
\n "HostName": "new-domain.com",
\n "ReplaceKeyPrefixWith": "new-path\/",
\n "HttpRedirectCode": "301",
\n "Protocol": "https"
\n }
\n }
\n ]
\n} <\/p>\nCloudflare\u9875\u9762\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
1. \u6a21\u5f0f: http:\/\/example.com\/old\/*
\n \u8bbe\u7f6e: \u8f6c\u53d1URL
\n \u72b6\u6001\u7801: 301 – \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n \u76ee\u6807URL: https:\/\/example.com\/new\/$1<\/p>\n2. \u6a21\u5f0f: http:\/\/example.com\/*
\n \u8bbe\u7f6e: \u5f3a\u5236HTTPS
\n \u72b6\u6001\u7801: 301<\/p>\n3. \u6a21\u5f0f: example.com\/legacy\/*
\n \u8bbe\u7f6e: \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n \u76ee\u6807: https:\/\/example.com\/modern\/$1 <\/p>\nAzure App Service：<\/p>\n
json<\/p>\n
{
\n "httpPlatform": {
\n "redirectRules": [
\n {
\n "source": "\/old\/<segment>",
\n "destination": "\/new\/<segment>",
\n "permanent": true
\n }
\n ]
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n11.5.3 \u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h6>\n
\u6848\u4f8b1：\u7535\u5546\u7f51\u7ad9URL\u7ed3\u6784\u91cd\u6784<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u65e7\u7ed3\u6784：\/product.php?id=123&category=electronics
\n# \u65b0\u7ed3\u6784：\/products\/electronics\/smartphone-123<\/p>\n# \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219
\nlocation = \/product.php {
\n if ($arg_id ~ "^([0-9]+)$") {
\n # \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f（\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801）
\n # set $product_slug get_product_slug($1);
\n # set $category_slug get_category_slug($arg_category);<\/p>\nreturn 301 \/products\/$category_slug\/$product_slug-$1;
\n }
\n return 404;
\n}<\/p>\n# \u5907\u7528\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6
\nmap $arg_id $product_redirect {
\n include \/etc\/nginx\/product_redirects.map;
\n}<\/p>\nlocation = \/product.php {
\n if ($product_redirect) {
\n return 301 $product_redirect;
\n }
\n return 410; # Gone
\n} <\/p>\n\u6848\u4f8b2：\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5408\u5e76<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
# \u5408\u5e76\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u5b50\u57df\u540d\u5230\u4e3b\u57df\u540d\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55
\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^uk\\\\.example\\\\.com$ [NC]
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/example.com\/en-gb\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^fr\\\\.example\\\\.com$ [NC]
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/example.com\/fr-fr\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^de\\\\.example\\\\.com$ [NC]
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/example.com\/de-de\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/p>\n# \u5904\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u53c2\u6570
\nRewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (^|&)lang=([^&]+) [NC]
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/example.com\/%2\/$1? [R=301,L] <\/p>\n\u6848\u4f8b3：API\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Flask API\u7248\u672c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nfrom flask import Flask, redirect, request
\nimport re<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
# API\u7248\u672c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6620\u5c04
\nAPI_REDIRECTS = {
\n 'v1': {
\n 'pattern': r'^\/api\/v1\/(.*)',
\n 'replacement': '\/api\/v2\/\\\\\\\\1',
\n 'status': 301,
\n 'exclude': ['\/api\/v1\/admin\/', '\/api\/v1\/status']
\n },
\n 'v2': {
\n 'pattern': r'^\/api\/v2\/(.*)',
\n 'replacement': '\/api\/v3\/\\\\\\\\1',
\n 'status': 301,
\n 'sunset': '2024-12-31'
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n@app.before_request
\ndef handle_api_redirects():
\n path = request.path<\/p>\nfor version, config in API_REDIRECTS.items():
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u6392\u9664\u8def\u5f84
\n for exclude in config.get('exclude', []):
\n if path.startswith(exclude):
\n return None<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u65e5\u843d\u65f6\u95f4
\n if 'sunset' in config:
\n if datetime.now() > parse_date(config['sunset']):
\n continue<\/p>\n# \u6267\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if re.match(config['pattern'], path):
\n new_path = re.sub(config['pattern'], config['replacement'], path)
\n return redirect(new_path, code=config['status'])<\/p>\nreturn None <\/p>\n
11.6 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
11.6.1 \u6027\u80fd\u8003\u8651<\/h6>\n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u95f4 = DNS + TCP + TLS + \u8bf7\u6c42 + \u54cd\u5e94
\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u95f4 = \u4e0a\u8ff0\u65f6\u95f4 \u00d7 (1 + \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6b21\u6570)<\/p>\n\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807：\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6 <\/p>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u51cf\u5c11DNS\u67e5\u8be2：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u786e\u4fdd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\u4e0b
\nreturn 301 https:\/\/same-domain.com\/new-path;<\/p>\n# \u907f\u514d\u8de8\u57df\u540d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u589e\u52a0DNS\u67e5\u8be2）
\nreturn 301 https:\/\/different-domain.com\/new-path; # \u4e0d\u4f73 <\/li>\n - \n
\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# HTTP\/2\u548cHTTP\/3\u652f\u6301\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528
\n# \u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u6700\u65b0\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u6301alive\u8fde\u63a5
\nConnection: keep-alive
\nKeep-Alive: timeout=30, max=100 <\/li>\n - \n
\u9884\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u793a：<\/p>\n
html<\/p>\n
<!– \u63d0\u793a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9884\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u65b0\u57df\u540d –>
\n<link rel="preconnect" href="https:\/\/new-domain.com">
\n<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https:\/\/new-domain.com"> <\/li>\n11.6.2 \u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u8003\u8651<\/h6>\n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7ba1\u7406：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# redirects.yaml – \u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219
\nredirects:
\n – from: \/old-page
\n to: \/new-page
\n status: 301
\n created: 2024-01-15
\n reason: Site restructuring
\n owner: web-team<\/p>\n– from: \/legacy\/(.*)
\n to: \/modern\/$1
\n status: 301
\n created: 2024-01-20
\n reason: URL normalization
\n owner: seo-team<\/p>\n# \u751f\u6210\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6
\npython generate_redirects.py redirects.yaml > nginx_redirects.conf <\/li>\n - \n
\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e\u7684Git\u7ba1\u7406
\n\/configs\/
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 redirects\/
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 v1.0.0\/
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 apache.conf
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 nginx.conf
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 iis.config
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 v1.1.0\/
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 current -> v1.1.0\/
\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 scripts\/
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 validate_redirects.py
\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 deploy_redirects.py <\/li>\n - \n
\u6587\u6863\u5316：<\/p>\n
markdown<\/p>\n
# \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6587\u6863\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n
## \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219: \/old-path \u2192 \/new-path<\/p>\n
**\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f**
\n– \u72b6\u6001\u7801: 301
\n– \u521b\u5efa\u65e5\u671f: 2024-01-15
\n– \u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba: web-team@example.com<\/p>\n**\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282**
\n– \u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f: \u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d
\n– \u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u5904\u7406: \u4fdd\u7559
\n– \u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565: 1\u5e74<\/p>\n**\u4e1a\u52a1\u539f\u56e0**
\n– \u539f\u56e0: \u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u6784
\n– \u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c: \u5408\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u5185\u5bb9
\n– SEO\u5f71\u54cd: PageRank\u4f20\u9012<\/p>\n**\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807**
\n– \u4f7f\u7528\u91cf: 1000\u6b21\/\u5929
\n– \u9519\u8bef\u7387: < 0.1%
\n– \u6700\u540e\u9a8c\u8bc1: 2024-10-21 <\/li>\n11.6.3 \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651<\/h6>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
def safe_redirect_url(target, base_domain='example.com'):
\n # \u89e3\u6790\u76ee\u6807URL
\n parsed = urlparse(target)<\/p>\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae
\n if parsed.scheme not in ('http', 'https', ''):
\n raise ValueError('Invalid scheme')<\/p>\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u57df\u540d
\n if parsed.netloc and parsed.netloc != base_domain:
\n # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u57df\u540d
\n allowed_domains = get_trusted_domains()
\n if parsed.netloc not in allowed_domains:
\n raise ValueError('Untrusted domain')<\/p>\n# \u9632\u6b62\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if parsed.path.startswith('\/\/'):
\n raise ValueError('Invalid path')<\/p>\nreturn urljoin(f'https:\/\/{base_domain}', target) <\/li>\n
- \n
HTTP\u5b89\u5168\u5934：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: \/safe-new-path
\nContent-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'
\nX-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
\nX-Frame-Options: DENY
\nReferrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin <\/li>\n - \n
\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u62a4：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f20\u9012Authorization\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528Referrer-Policy\u63a7\u5236referrer\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528POST+303\u800c\u975eGET\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
11.6.4 \u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66<\/h6>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u8bbe\u8ba1：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class RedirectHealthCheck:
\n def __init__(self):
\n self.metrics = {
\n 'total_redirects': 0,
\n 'failed_redirects': 0,
\n 'redirect_times': [],
\n 'chain_lengths': []
\n }<\/p>\ndef check_redirect(self, url, expected_target):
\n start_time = time.time()<\/p>\ntry:
\n response = requests.head(
\n url,
\n allow_redirects=True,
\n timeout=5
\n )<\/p>\nelapsed = time.time() – start_time<\/p>\n
# \u8bb0\u5f55\u6307\u6807
\n self.metrics['total_redirects'] += 1
\n self.metrics['redirect_times'].append(elapsed)
\n self.metrics['chain_lengths'].append(len(response.history))<\/p>\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807
\n if response.url != expected_target:
\n self.metrics['failed_redirects'] += 1
\n return False, f"Wrong target: {response.url}"<\/p>\nreturn True, "OK"<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:
\n self.metrics['failed_redirects'] += 1
\n return False, str(e) <\/li>\n - \n
\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
alerts:
\n redirect_failure_rate:
\n condition: failed_redirects \/ total_redirects > 0.01
\n severity: warning
\n message: "\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5931\u8d25\u7387\u8d85\u8fc71%"<\/p>\nlong_redirect_chains:
\n condition: avg(chain_lengths) > 2
\n severity: warning
\n message: "\u5e73\u5747\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc72"<\/p>\nslow_redirects:
\n condition: p95(redirect_times) > 500
\n severity: warning
\n message: "95%\u5206\u4f4d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7500ms" <\/li>\n - \n
\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4eea\u8868\u677f：<\/p>\n
json<\/p>\n
{
\n "dashboard": {
\n "panels": [
\n {
\n "title": "\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6210\u529f\u7387",
\n "type": "stat",
\n "targets": [
\n "100 * (1 – failed_redirects \/ total_redirects)"
\n ],
\n "thresholds": [90, 95]
\n },
\n {
\n "title": "\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03",
\n "type": "histogram",
\n "targets": ["chain_lengths"]
\n }
\n ]
\n }
\n} <\/li>\n\u7b2c12\u7ae0：302 Found – \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n
12.1 \u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u4e89\u8bae<\/h5>\n
12.1.1 \u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u6e90<\/h6>\n
HTTP\/1.0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6df7\u4e71：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
1996\u5e74RFC 1945\u9996\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49302\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u89c4\u8303\u63cf\u8ff0\u6a21\u7cca："The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI"<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u672a\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u660e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5206\u6b67：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
POST \/form-submit HTTP\/1.0
\nContent-Type: application\/x-www-form-urlencoded<\/p>\nname=John&action=submit<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.0 302 Found
\nLocation: \/thank-you<\/p>\n# \u65e9\u671f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a：
\n# Netscape Navigator: POST \u2192 GET (\u4e22\u5931\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e)
\n# Internet Explorer: \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fdd\u6301POST (\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4)
\n# \u5176\u4ed6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668: \u5404\u81ea\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/p>\nRFC 2616 (1999)\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u5c1d\u8bd5：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
10.3.3 302 Found<\/p>\n
The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI.
\nSince the redirection might be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD
\ncontinue to use the Request-URI for future requests. <\/p>\n- \n
- \n
\u660e\u786e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef"SHOULD"\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cbURI<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f46\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u672a\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c06POST\u8f6c\u4e3aGET<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
12.1.2 303\/307\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4e0e\u804c\u8d23\u5212\u5206<\/h6>\n
RFC 2616\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
10.3.4 303 See Other
\n10.3.8 307 Temporary Redirect <\/p>\n\u804c\u8d23\u660e\u786e\u5212\u5206：<\/p>\n
\n
\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u5f15\u5165\u76ee\u7684<\/tr>\n \n\n 302 Found<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u660e\u786e<\/td>\n \u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559，\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 303 See Other<\/td>\n \u8f6c\u4e3aGET<\/td>\n POST\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 307 Temporary Redirect<\/td>\n \u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56f0\u60d1：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5927\u91cf\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528302<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9302\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2"\u6807\u51c6\u5316"\u4e3aPOST\u2192GET<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e60\u60ef\u96be\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
12.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
12.2.1 \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h6>\n
A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u5c0630%\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9875\u9762
\nmap $cookie_ab_test $ab_version {
\n default "control";
\n "test" "test";
\n}<\/p>\nsplit_clients "${remote_addr}${http_user_agent}" $ab_group {
\n 30% "test";
\n 70% "control";
\n}<\/p>\nserver {
\n location \/home {
\n # \u8bbe\u7f6ecookie\u6216\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u5206\u914d
\n add_header Set-Cookie "ab_test=$ab_group; Path=\/; Max-Age=3600";<\/p>\nif ($ab_group = "test") {
\n return 302 \/home-new-design;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u63a7\u5236\u7ec4\u7ee7\u7eed\u539f\u6709\u9875\u9762
\n try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u5730\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u5316：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django\u5730\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom django.shortcuts import redirect
\nfrom django.utils.translation import activate, get_language
\nfrom geoip2.database import Reader<\/p>\nclass GeoRedirectMiddleware:
\n def __init__(self, get_response):
\n self.get_response = get_response
\n self.geoip_reader = Reader('\/path\/to\/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb')<\/p>\ndef __call__(self, request):
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bed\u8a00
\n if 'preferred_language' in request.session:
\n activate(request.session['preferred_language'])
\n return self.get_response(request)<\/p>\n# \u57fa\u4e8eIP\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5b9a\u4f4d
\n ip_address = self.get_client_ip(request)
\n try:
\n response = self.geoip_reader.country(ip_address)
\n country_code = response.country.iso_code<\/p>\n# \u56fd\u5bb6\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6620\u5c04
\n country_to_lang = {
\n 'US': 'en-us',
\n 'GB': 'en-gb',
\n 'FR': 'fr',
\n 'DE': 'de',
\n 'JP': 'ja',
\n 'CN': 'zh-cn',
\n # … \u66f4\u591a\u6620\u5c04
\n }<\/p>\nlanguage = country_to_lang.get(country_code, 'en-us')<\/p>\n
# \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u672c\u5730\u5316\u7248\u672c
\n if language != 'en-us':
\n new_path = f'\/{language}{request.path}'
\n return redirect(new_path, status=302)<\/p>\nexcept Exception:
\n pass<\/p>\nreturn self.get_response(request) <\/p>\n
\u7ef4\u62a4\u9875\u9762\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
html<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html>
\n<head>
\n <title>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d<\/title>
\n <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30;url=\/">
\n <style>
\n .maintenance {
\n text-align: center;
\n padding: 50px;
\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
\n }
\n .countdown {
\n font-size: 24px;
\n color: #e74c3c;
\n margin: 20px 0;
\n }
\n <\/style>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <div class="maintenance">
\n <h1>🛠\ufe0f \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d<\/h1>
\n <p>\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5347\u7ea7，\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>
\n <div class="countdown">30\u79d2\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u9875<\/div>
\n <p>\u9884\u8ba1\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4: 2024-10-22 02:00 UTC<\/p>
\n <p><a href="\/">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de<\/a><\/p>
\n <\/div><\/p>\n<script>
\n let seconds = 30;
\n const countdownEl = document.querySelector('.countdown');<\/p>\nconst timer = setInterval(() => {
\n seconds–;
\n countdownEl.textContent = `${seconds}\u79d2\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u9875`;<\/p>\nif (seconds <= 0) {
\n clearInterval(timer);
\n window.location.href = '\/';
\n }
\n }, 1000);
\n <\/script>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html> <\/p>\n\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Flask\u767b\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom flask import Flask, redirect, request, session, url_for
\nfrom functools import wraps<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)
\napp.secret_key = 'your-secret-key'<\/p>\ndef login_required(f):
\n @wraps(f)
\n def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):
\n if 'user_id' not in session:
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u9875，\u8bb0\u5f55\u539f\u59cb\u76ee\u6807
\n session['next'] = request.url
\n return redirect(url_for('login'), code=302)
\n return f(*args, **kwargs)
\n return decorated_function<\/p>\n@app.route('\/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
\ndef login():
\n if request.method == 'POST':
\n # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u767b\u5f55\u903b\u8f91
\n username = request.form['username']
\n password = request.form['password']<\/p>\nif validate_credentials(username, password):
\n session['user_id'] = username<\/p>\n# \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u9875\u9762
\n next_page = session.pop('next', None)
\n if next_page:
\n return redirect(next_page, code=302)
\n return redirect(url_for('dashboard'), code=302)<\/p>\nreturn '''
\n <form method="post">
\n <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="\u7528\u6237\u540d">
\n <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="\u5bc6\u7801">
\n <button type="submit">\u767b\u5f55<\/button>
\n <\/form>
\n '''<\/p>\n@app.route('\/dashboard')
\n@login_required
\ndef dashboard():
\n return "\u6b22\u8fce\u6765\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u677f" <\/p>\n12.2.2 302 vs 301\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357<\/h6>\n
\u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe：
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260228233638-69a37c06ea0c7.png\")
<\/p>\n\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u51b3\u7b56：<\/p>\n
- \n
URL\u89c4\u8303\u5316（www\/non-www）：301<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
HTTP \u2192 HTTPS：301<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u6784（\u6c38\u4e45）：301<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5：302<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5730\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：302<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7ef4\u62a4\u9875\u9762：302<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u767b\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：302<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c：303<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
API\u4e34\u65f6\u8fc1\u79fb：307<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u7aef\u70b9：307<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
12.2.3 \u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u914d\u7f6e<\/h6>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u54cd\u5e94\u5934：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 302 Found
\nLocation: \/temporary-location
\nDate: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT
\nServer: nginx\/1.18.0
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8
\nContent-Length: 162
\nConnection: close <\/p>\n\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e（\u660e\u786e\u4e34\u65f6\u6027）：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 302 Found
\nLocation: \/temporary-location
\nCache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
\nPragma: no-cache
\nExpires: 0
\nX-Redirect-Type: Temporary
\nX-Redirect-Expires: 2024-10-22T02:00:00Z # \u660e\u786e\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4
\nDate: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT <\/p>\nHTML\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
html<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html lang="en">
\n<head>
\n <meta charset="UTF-8">
\n <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
\n <title>Temporary Redirect<\/title>
\n <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=\/temporary-location">
\n <style>
\n body {
\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
\n text-align: center;
\n padding: 50px;
\n }
\n .redirect-info {
\n background: #fff3cd;
\n border: 1px solid #ffeaa7;
\n border-radius: 5px;
\n padding: 20px;
\n margin: 20px auto;
\n max-width: 600px;
\n }
\n <\/style>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <h1>📋 \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h1>
\n <div class="redirect-info">
\n <p>\u6b64\u9875\u9762\u5df2\u4e34\u65f6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>
\n <p>\u60a8\u5c06\u5728 <strong>3\u79d2<\/strong> \u5185\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002<\/p>
\n <p>\u5982\u679c\u672a\u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c，\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb：<\/p>
\n <p><a href="\/temporary-location">https:\/\/example.com\/temporary-location<\/a><\/p>
\n <p><small>HTTP 302 Found – \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/small><\/p>
\n <p><small>\u9884\u8ba1\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u95f4: 2024-10-22 02:00 UTC<\/small><\/p>
\n <\/div><\/p>\n<script>
\n \/\/ \u5907\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u673a\u5236
\n setTimeout(function() {
\n window.location.href = "\/temporary-location";
\n }, 3000);
\n <\/script>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html> <\/p>\n12.3 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u95ee\u9898\u8be6\u89e3<\/h5>\n
12.3.1 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790<\/h6>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c（2024\u5e74）：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u884c\u4e3a
\nasync function testRedirectBehavior() {
\n const testCases = [
\n { method: 'POST', data: { test: 'value' } },
\n { method: 'PUT', data: { update: 'data' } },
\n { method: 'DELETE', data: {} },
\n { method: 'PATCH', data: { change: 'partial' } }
\n ];<\/p>\nconst results = {};<\/p>\n
for (const testCase of testCases) {
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch('\/test-redirect-endpoint', {
\n method: testCase.method,
\n headers: {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json',
\n 'X-Test-Method': testCase.method
\n },
\n body: JSON.stringify(testCase.data)
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u6700\u7ec8\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5
\n const finalMethod = response.headers.get('X-Final-Method');
\n results[testCase.method] = {
\n original: testCase.method,
\n final: finalMethod,
\n changed: testCase.method !== finalMethod
\n };
\n } catch (error) {
\n results[testCase.method] = { error: error.message };
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nreturn results;
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5178\u578b\u7ed3\u679c（\u57fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6d4b\u8bd5）：
\n\/*
\n{
\n "POST": { "original": "POST", "final": "GET", "changed": true },
\n "PUT": { "original": "PUT", "final": "GET", "changed": true },
\n "DELETE": { "original": "DELETE", "final": "GET", "changed": true },
\n "PATCH": { "original": "PATCH", "final": "GET", "changed": true }
\n}
\n*\/ <\/p>\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u8868：<\/p>\n
\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7248\u672cPOST\u2192GETPUT\u2192GETDELETE\u2192GETPATCH\u2192GET<\/tr>\n \n\n Chrome<\/td>\n 120+<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Firefox<\/td>\n 120+<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Safari<\/td>\n 17+<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Edge<\/td>\n 120+<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u79fb\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/td>\n \u6700\u65b0<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 12.3.2 \u95ee\u9898\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u540e\u679c<\/h6>\n
\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
POST \/submit-order HTTP\/1.1
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\nContent-Length: 87<\/p>\n{
\n "items": [{"id": 123, "quantity": 2}],
\n "shipping": "express",
\n "payment": "credit_card"
\n}<\/p>\nHTTP\/1.1 302 Found
\nLocation: \/thank-you<\/p>\n# \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42：
\nGET \/thank-you HTTP\/1.1
\n# \u8ba2\u5355\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e22\u5931！ <\/p>\nAPI\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
DELETE \/api\/users\/123 HTTP\/1.1
\nAuthorization: Bearer xyz<\/p>\nHTTP\/1.1 302 Found
\nLocation: \/api\/temp\/users\/456<\/p>\n# \u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u9001：
\nGET \/api\/temp\/users\/456 HTTP\/1.1
\nAuthorization: Bearer xyz
\n# \u5e94\u8be5\u662fDELETE\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5374\u53d8\u6210\u4e86GET！ <\/p>\n12.3.3 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u53d8\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h6>\n
\u65b9\u68481：\u4f7f\u7528307\u72b6\u6001\u7801（\u63a8\u8350）：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django\u793a\u4f8b：\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nfrom django.http import HttpResponseRedirect<\/p>\ndef temporary_resource_move(request):
\n if request.method in ['POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH']:
\n # \u4f7f\u7528307\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n response = HttpResponseRedirect('\/new-temp-location', status=307)
\n else:
\n # GET\/HEAD\u7b49\u4f7f\u7528302
\n response = HttpResponseRedirect('\/new-temp-location', status=302)
\n return response <\/p>\n\u65b9\u68482：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u524d\u7aefJavaScript\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\nclass SafeRedirectHandler {
\n constructor() {
\n this.maxRedirects = 5;
\n }<\/p>\nasync fetchWithRedirectHandling(url, options = {}) {
\n let currentUrl = url;
\n let redirectCount = 0;
\n let currentOptions = { …options };<\/p>\nwhile (redirectCount < this.maxRedirects) {
\n const response = await fetch(currentUrl, currentOptions);<\/p>\nif (response.status === 302 || response.status === 307) {
\n redirectCount++;<\/p>\nconst location = response.headers.get('Location');
\n if (!location) break;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u89e3\u6790\u65b0URL
\n const newUrl = new URL(location, currentUrl);
\n currentUrl = newUrl.href;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e307，\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u65b9\u6cd5
\n if (response.status === 307) {
\n \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u9009\u9879
\n continue;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e302，\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u8303\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n \/\/ \u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406
\n if (currentOptions.method === 'POST') {
\n \/\/ \u8b66\u544a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005，\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528307
\n console.warn('302 redirect with POST method – data may be lost');
\n \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001POST
\n continue;
\n }<\/p>\ncontinue;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u975e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u54cd\u5e94，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de
\n return response;
\n }<\/p>\nthrow new Error(`Too many redirects: ${redirectCount}`);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nconst handler = new SafeRedirectHandler();
\nhandler.fetchWithRedirectHandling('\/submit-form', {
\n method: 'POST',
\n body: JSON.stringify({ data: 'important' })
\n}); <\/p>\n\u65b9\u68483：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301\u72b6\u6001
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, redirect, session
\nimport uuid<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)
\napp.secret_key = 'your-secret-key'<\/p>\n@app.route('\/submit-data', methods=['POST'])
\ndef submit_data():
\n # \u751f\u6210\u552f\u4e00ID\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e
\n request_id = str(uuid.uuid4())<\/p>\n# \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u7f13\u5b58
\n save_temporary_data(request_id, {
\n 'method': request.method,
\n 'data': request.form.to_dict(),
\n 'headers': dict(request.headers)
\n })<\/p>\n# \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5904\u7406\u9875\u9762，\u4f20\u9012ID
\n return redirect(f'\/process-request\/{request_id}', code=302)<\/p>\n@app.route('\/process-request\/<request_id>')
\ndef process_request(request_id):
\n # \u6062\u590d\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e
\n original_request = load_temporary_data(request_id)<\/p>\nif not original_request:
\n return "Request data expired", 410<\/p>\n# \u5904\u7406\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42
\n if original_request['method'] == 'POST':
\n result = handle_post_request(original_request['data'])
\n # \u6e05\u7406\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e
\n delete_temporary_data(request_id)
\n return result<\/p>\nreturn "Unsupported method", 405 <\/p>\n
12.4 \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
12.4.1 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h6>\n
Nginx\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name example.com;<\/p>\n# \u57fa\u7840302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location = \/old-temp-page {
\n return 302 \/new-temp-page;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u5e26\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location \/search {
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u641c\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf
\n return 302 \/new-search$is_args$args;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u57fa\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location \/special-offer {
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u6216cookie
\n if ($http_user_agent ~* "(mobile|android|iphone)") {
\n return 302 \/mobile-offer;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\u95f4\u6761\u4ef6
\n if ($time_iso8601 ~ "^2024-10-21") {
\n return 302 \/daily-deal;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a
\n try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location \/ {
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6807\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6
\n if (-f \/var\/www\/maintenance.flag) {
\n # \u6392\u9664\u7ba1\u7406\u9875\u9762
\n if ($request_uri !~ "^\/admin\/") {
\n return 302 \/maintenance.html;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\ntry_files $uri $uri\/ =404;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u767b\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n location \/dashboard {
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u8ba4\u8bc1cookie
\n if ($cookie_session != "valid") {
\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u539f\u59cbURL
\n add_header Set-Cookie "redirect_to=$request_uri; Path=\/";
\n return 302 \/login;
\n }<\/p>\nproxy_pass http:\/\/backend;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\nApache\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
# .htaccess \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u7528\u91cd\u5199\u5f15\u64ce
\nRewriteEngine On<\/p>\n# 1. \u4e34\u65f6\u9875\u9762\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRedirect 302 \/temporary-page \/new-temporary-location<\/p>\n# 2. \u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRewriteCond %{TIME_YEAR}%{TIME_MON}%{TIME_DAY} ^20241021$
\nRewriteRule ^event-page$ \/special-event [R=302,L]<\/p>\n# 3. \u57fa\u4e8eIP\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5）
\nRewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^123\\\\.456\\\\.789\\\\.
\nRewriteRule ^test-page$ \/variant-b [R=302,L]<\/p>\n# 4. \u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u68c0\u6d4b
\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (iPhone|Android|Mobile)
\nRewriteRule ^desktop-page$ \/mobile-page [R=302,L]<\/p>\n# 5. \u53c2\u6570\u5316\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^promo=summer2024$
\nRewriteRule ^landing$ \/promotions\/summer-2024? [R=302,L]<\/p>\n# 6. \u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^\/(admin|api)\/
\nRewriteRule ^old-section\/(.*)$ \/new-section\/$1 [R=302,L]<\/p>\n# 7. \u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}\/maintenance.flag -f
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^\/maintenance\\\\.html$
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^\/admin\/
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ \/maintenance.html [R=302,L] <\/p>\n12.4.2 \u7f16\u7a0b\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
Spring Boot\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
\/\/ Spring Boot\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4e2d\u7684302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n@Controller
\npublic class RedirectController {<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u7684302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n @GetMapping("\/old-url")
\n public String redirectOldUrl() {
\n return "redirect:\/new-url"; \/\/ Spring\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528302
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a302\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n @GetMapping("\/temp-redirect")
\n public ResponseEntity<Void> temporaryRedirect() {
\n HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
\n headers.setLocation(URI.create("\/temporary-location"));
\n return new ResponseEntity<>(headers, HttpStatus.FOUND); \/\/ 302
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n @PostMapping("\/submit-form")
\n public String handleFormSubmission(@ModelAttribute FormData formData) {
\n if (formData.isValid()) {
\n \/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6210\u529f\u9875\u9762
\n return "redirect:\/success";
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u56de\u8868\u5355\u9875（\u5e26\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f）
\n return "redirect:\/form?error=invalid";
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n @GetMapping("\/dashboard")
\n public String dashboard(HttpSession session) {
\n if (session.getAttribute("user") == null) {
\n \/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u9875
\n session.setAttribute("redirectAfterLogin", "\/dashboard");
\n return "redirect:\/login";
\n }
\n return "dashboard";
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n @GetMapping("\/search")
\n public String search(@RequestParam String q,
\n @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") int page) {
\n \/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u641c\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf
\n return "redirect:\/new-search?query=" +
\n URLEncoder.encode(q, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) +
\n "&page=" + page;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\nRuby on Rails\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
ruby<\/p>\n
# Rails\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4e2d\u7684302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nclass ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65b9\u6cd5
\n def temporary_redirect
\n # \u57fa\u672c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（Rails\u9ed8\u8ba4302）
\n redirect_to new_location_path<\/p>\n# \u6216\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n redirect_to new_location_path, status: :found # 302<\/p>\n# \u5e26\u95ea\u5b58\u6d88\u606f
\n redirect_to login_path, notice: "\u8bf7\u5148\u767b\u5f55", status: 302<\/p>\n# \u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n redirect_to product_path(@product), status: 302
\n end<\/p>\n# \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n def check_access
\n unless current_user.admin?
\n redirect_to root_path,
\n alert: "\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650",
\n status: 302
\n end
\n end<\/p>\n# \u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n before_action :check_maintenance<\/p>\ndef check_maintenance
\n if Maintenance.enabled? && !admin_user?
\n redirect_to maintenance_path, status: 302
\n end
\n end<\/p>\n# API\u4e34\u65f6\u7aef\u70b9
\n def legacy_api
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0API\u7aef\u70b9
\n redirect_to api_v2_url(params),
\n status: 302,
\n headers: {
\n 'X-API-Version' => 'deprecated',
\n 'X-New-Endpoint' => api_v2_url(params)
\n }
\n end
\nend<\/p>\n# \u8def\u7531\u5c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRails.application.routes.draw do
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8def\u7531
\n get '\/old-path', to: redirect('\/new-path', status: 302)<\/p>\n# \u52a8\u6001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n get '\/products\/:id',
\n to: redirect { |params, req|
\n "\/items\/#{params[:id]}"
\n },
\n status: 302<\/p>\n# \u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n get '\/special-offer',
\n constraints: ->(req) { req.env['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] =~ \/Mobile\/ },
\n to: redirect('\/mobile-offer', status: 302)
\nend <\/p>\n12.4.3 \u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
Cloudflare Workers\u9ad8\u7ea7\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Cloudflare Workers\u5b9e\u73b0\u667a\u80fd\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nexport default {
\n async fetch(request, env, ctx) {
\n const url = new URL(request.url);
\n const userAgent = request.headers.get('User-Agent') || '';
\n const country = request.cf?.country || 'US';<\/p>\n\/\/ 1. A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const abTestGroup = getABTestGroup(request);
\n if (abTestGroup === 'variant_b' && url.pathname === '\/home') {
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}\/home-variant-b`, 302);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u5730\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const geoRedirects = {
\n 'CN': '\/zh-cn',
\n 'JP': '\/ja',
\n 'DE': '\/de',
\n 'FR': '\/fr',
\n \/\/ … \u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a
\n };<\/p>\nif (geoRedirects[country] && url.pathname === '\/') {
\n const newPath = geoRedirects[country] + url.pathname;
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}${newPath}`, 302);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. \u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u578b\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const isMobile = \/mobile|android|iphone\/i.test(userAgent);
\n if (isMobile && url.pathname.startsWith('\/desktop\/')) {
\n const mobilePath = url.pathname.replace('\/desktop\/', '\/mobile\/');
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}${mobilePath}`, 302);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 4. \u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const isUnderMaintenance = await env.KV.get('maintenance_mode');
\n if (isUnderMaintenance === 'true' && !url.pathname.startsWith('\/admin')) {
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}\/maintenance`, 302);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 5. \u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const now = new Date();
\n const hour = now.getUTCHours();
\n if (hour >= 22 || hour < 6) { \/\/ \u7ef4\u62a4\u7a97\u53e3
\n if (url.pathname.startsWith('\/api\/')) {
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}\/api\/nightly-maintenance`, 302);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 6. \u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const clientKey = request.headers.get('CF-Connecting-IP') || 'anonymous';
\n const rateLimitKey = `rate_limit:${clientKey}`;
\n const requestCount = await env.KV.get(rateLimitKey) || 0;<\/p>\nif (requestCount > 100) { \/\/ \u8d85\u8fc7\u9650\u5236
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}\/rate-limit-warning`, 302);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u8ba1\u6570
\n await env.KV.put(rateLimitKey, (parseInt(requestCount) + 1).toString(), {
\n expirationTtl: 60 \/\/ 60\u79d2\u8fc7\u671f
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42
\n return fetch(request);
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570：\u83b7\u53d6A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5206\u7ec4
\nfunction getABTestGroup(request) {
\n const clientId = request.headers.get('CF-Connecting-IP') || 'default';
\n const hash = simpleHash(clientId);
\n return hash % 100 < 30 ? 'variant_b' : 'control'; \/\/ 30%\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u5165B\u7ec4
\n}<\/p>\nfunction simpleHash(str) {
\n let hash = 0;
\n for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
\n hash = ((hash << 5) – hash) + str.charCodeAt(i);
\n hash |= 0; \/\/ \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u6574\u6570
\n }
\n return Math.abs(hash);
\n} <\/p>\nAWS Lambda@Edge\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Lambda@Edge\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nexports.handler = async (event) => {
\n const request = event.Records[0].cf.request;
\n const headers = request.headers;<\/p>\n\/\/ 1. \u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const userAgent = headers['user-agent']?.[0]?.value || '';
\n const isBot = \/bot|crawler|spider\/i.test(userAgent);<\/p>\nif (isBot && request.uri === '\/') {
\n return {
\n status: '302',
\n statusDescription: 'Found',
\n headers: {
\n 'location': [{
\n key: 'Location',
\n value: '\/bot-landing'
\n }],
\n 'cache-control': [{
\n key: 'Cache-Control',
\n value: 'no-cache, no-store'
\n }]
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u57fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const country = headers['cloudfront-viewer-country']?.[0]?.value;
\n if (country === 'RU' && request.uri.startsWith('\/news\/')) {
\n return {
\n status: '302',
\n statusDescription: 'Found',
\n headers: {
\n 'location': [{
\n key: 'Location',
\n value: '\/regional-news'
\n }]
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. \u4e34\u65f6\u4fc3\u9500\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const now = new Date();
\n const promoStart = new Date('2024-10-20T00:00:00Z');
\n const promoEnd = new Date('2024-10-28T23:59:59Z');<\/p>\nif (now >= promoStart && now <= promoEnd && request.uri === '\/products') {
\n return {
\n status: '302',
\n statusDescription: 'Found',
\n headers: {
\n 'location': [{
\n key: 'Location',
\n value: '\/black-friday-sale'
\n }],
\n 'x-promo-active': [{
\n key: 'X-Promo-Active',
\n value: 'true'
\n }]
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 4. \u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const maintenanceFlag = await getMaintenanceFlag();
\n if (maintenanceFlag && !request.uri.startsWith('\/admin')) {
\n return {
\n status: '302',
\n statusDescription: 'Found',
\n headers: {
\n 'location': [{
\n key: 'Location',
\n value: '\/maintenance'
\n }],
\n 'retry-after': [{
\n key: 'Retry-After',
\n value: '3600' \/\/ 1\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5
\n }]
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42
\n return request;
\n};<\/p>\nasync function getMaintenanceFlag() {
\n \/\/ \u4eceS3\u6216DynamoDB\u83b7\u53d6\u7ef4\u62a4\u6807\u5fd7
\n \/\/ \u8fd4\u56detrue\/false
\n return false;
\n} <\/p>\n12.5 \u4e0e301\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u6307\u5357<\/h5>\n
12.5.1 \u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868<\/h6>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027301 Moved Permanently302 Found<\/tr>\n \n\n \u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n 301<\/td>\n 302<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u8bed\u4e49<\/td>\n \u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u52a8<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u79fb\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n \u957f\u671f（\u63a8\u83501\u5e74）<\/td>\n \u77ed\u671f\u6216\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n \u89c4\u8303\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u6301，\u5b9e\u9645\u5e38\u8f6cGET<\/td>\n \u89c4\u8303\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u6301，\u5b9e\u9645\u5e38\u8f6cGET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n SEO\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n \u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd，\u66f4\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd，\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n \u66f4\u65b0\u4e66\u7b7e，\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u65b0\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0\u4e66\u7b7e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n \u6c38\u4e45URL\u53d8\u66f4，\u57df\u540d\u8fc1\u79fb<\/td>\n A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u7ef4\u62a4\u9875\u9762，\u767b\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n \u7b80\u5355<\/td>\n \u7b80\u5355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u98ce\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7<\/td>\n \u9ad8（\u5f71\u54cdSEO\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c）<\/td>\n \u4f4e（\u4e34\u65f6\u6027）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 12.5.2 \u51b3\u7b56\u77e9\u9635<\/h6>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
decision_matrix:
\n permanent_changes:
\n – domain_change: true
\n protocol_change: true
\n url_restructure: true
\n canonicalization: true
\n recommended_status: 301<\/p>\ntemporary_changes:
\n – ab_testing: true
\n geo_redirect: true
\n maintenance: true
\n login_redirect: true
\n seasonal_promo: true
\n recommended_status: 302<\/p>\nspecial_cases:
\n – post_after_submit:
\n description: "\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u9875"
\n recommended_status: 303<\/p>\n– api_temp_redirect:
\n description: "API\u7aef\u70b9\u4e34\u65f6\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e14\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5"
\n recommended_status: 307<\/p>\n– unsure_permanent:
\n description: "\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6c38\u4e45\u53d8\u66f4"
\n recommendation: "\u4f7f\u7528302，\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u518d\u6539\u4e3a301"<\/p>\n– large_scale_migration:
\n description: "\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fc1\u79fb"
\n recommendation: "\u5206\u6279\u4f7f\u7528301，\u76d1\u63a7\u540e\u518d\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd" <\/p>\n12.5.3 \u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u8f6c\u6362<\/h6>\n
\u4ece302\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a301\u7684\u65f6\u673a：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class RedirectUpgrader:
\n """\u76d1\u63a7302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5，\u5efa\u8bae\u5347\u7ea7\u5230301"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self, redirect_logs):
\n self.logs = redirect_logs
\n self.analysis_results = {}<\/p>\ndef analyze_redirects(self):
\n """\u5206\u6790\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f"""<\/p>\nfor url, data in self.logs.items():
\n # \u8ba1\u7b97\u6307\u6807
\n usage_duration = self.get_usage_duration(data['first_seen'], data['last_seen'])
\n request_count = data['request_count']
\n user_agents = data['user_agents']<\/p>\n# \u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5f0f
\n is_stable = usage_duration.days > 30
\n is_high_traffic = request_count > 1000
\n is_consistent = self.check_consistency(user_agents)<\/p>\n# \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5347\u7ea7\u5230301
\n should_upgrade = (
\n is_stable and
\n is_high_traffic and
\n is_consistent and
\n not data.get('temporary_reason')
\n )<\/p>\nself.analysis_results[url] = {
\n 'should_upgrade': should_upgrade,
\n 'confidence_score': self.calculate_confidence(
\n is_stable, is_high_traffic, is_consistent
\n ),
\n 'metrics': {
\n 'duration_days': usage_duration.days,
\n 'request_count': request_count,
\n 'unique_users': len(user_agents)
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nreturn self.analysis_results<\/p>\n
def generate_upgrade_plan(self, threshold=0.8):
\n """\u751f\u6210\u5347\u7ea7\u8ba1\u5212"""<\/p>\nplan = {
\n 'immediate': [],
\n 'monitor': [],
\n 'keep_as_is': []
\n }<\/p>\nfor url, analysis in self.analysis_results.items():
\n if analysis['confidence_score'] >= threshold:
\n plan['immediate'].append(url)
\n elif analysis['confidence_score'] >= 0.6:
\n plan['monitor'].append(url)
\n else:
\n plan['keep_as_is'].append(url)<\/p>\nreturn plan <\/p>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u8f6c\u6362\u6d41\u7a0b：
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260228233640-69a37c0834cfe.png\")
<\/p>\n12.5.4 \u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5ea6\u91cf<\/h6>\n
\u5173\u952e\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
monitoring_metrics:
\n basic_metrics:
\n – total_302_redirects: "\u603b302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6b21\u6570"
\n – unique_sources: "\u552f\u4e00\u6765\u6e90URL\u6570\u91cf"
\n – success_rate: "\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6210\u529f\u7387"<\/p>\nperformance_metrics:
\n – avg_redirect_time: "\u5e73\u5747\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u95f4"
\n – p95_redirect_time: "95%\u5206\u4f4d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u95f4"
\n – chain_length_distribution: "\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03"<\/p>\nbusiness_metrics:
\n – user_experience_score: "\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u8bc4\u5206"
\n – conversion_rate_impact: "\u8f6c\u5316\u7387\u5f71\u54cd"
\n – seo_impact: "SEO\u5f71\u54cd\u6307\u6807"<\/p>\nalerting_thresholds:
\n – high_failure_rate: "\u5931\u8d25\u7387 > 1%"
\n – slow_redirects: "p95\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65f6\u95f4 > 500ms"
\n – long_chains: "\u5e73\u5747\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6 > 2" <\/p>\n\u76d1\u63a7\u4eea\u8868\u677f\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class RedirectDashboard:
\n def __init__(self):
\n self.metrics = {
\n 'status_codes': defaultdict(int),
\n 'response_times': [],
\n 'chain_lengths': []
\n }<\/p>\ndef update_metrics(self, redirect_data):
\n """\u66f4\u65b0\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807"""<\/p>\n# \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5206\u5e03
\n self.metrics['status_codes'][redirect_data.status] += 1<\/p>\n# \u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
\n if redirect_data.response_time:
\n self.metrics['response_times'].append(redirect_data.response_time)<\/p>\n# \u94fe\u957f\u5ea6
\n self.metrics['chain_lengths'].append(redirect_data.chain_length)<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u8fd11000\u4e2a\u6837\u672c
\n for key in ['response_times', 'chain_lengths']:
\n if len(self.metrics[key]) > 1000:
\n self.metrics[key] = self.metrics[key][-1000:]<\/p>\ndef generate_report(self):
\n """\u751f\u6210\u76d1\u63a7\u62a5\u544a"""<\/p>\nreport = {
\n 'summary': {
\n 'total_redirects': sum(self.metrics['status_codes'].values()),
\n 'status_distribution': dict(self.metrics['status_codes']),
\n 'avg_response_time': self._calculate_avg(self.metrics['response_times']),
\n 'avg_chain_length': self._calculate_avg(self.metrics['chain_lengths'])
\n },
\n 'percentiles': {
\n 'response_time_p95': self._calculate_percentile(
\n self.metrics['response_times'], 95
\n ),
\n 'chain_length_p95': self._calculate_percentile(
\n self.metrics['chain_lengths'], 95
\n )
\n },
\n 'alerts': self._check_alerts()
\n }<\/p>\nreturn report<\/p>\n
def _check_alerts(self):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u544a\u8b66\u6761\u4ef6"""<\/p>\nalerts = []<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u5931\u8d25\u7387
\n total = sum(self.metrics['status_codes'].values())
\n if total > 0:
\n failure_rate = self.metrics['status_codes'].get(500, 0) \/ total
\n if failure_rate > 0.01:
\n alerts.append({
\n 'level': 'warning',
\n 'message': f'\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5931\u8d25\u7387\u8fc7\u9ad8: {failure_rate:.2%}',
\n 'metric': 'failure_rate'
\n })<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
\n p95_response = self._calculate_percentile(self.metrics['response_times'], 95)
\n if p95_response > 500:
\n alerts.append({
\n 'level': 'warning',
\n 'message': f'95%\u5206\u4f4d\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u957f: {p95_response:.0f}ms',
\n 'metric': 'response_time'
\n })<\/p>\nreturn alerts <\/p>\n
\u7b2c13\u7ae0：304 Not Modified – \u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n
13.1 \u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66<\/h5>\n
13.1.1 \u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h6>\n
304 Not Modified\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u4f4d：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684"\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411"，\u800c\u662f\u6761\u4ef6GET\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684：\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93，\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8bed\u4e49：\u8d44\u6e90\u672a\u6539\u53d8，\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u526f\u672c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u5faa\u73af：
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260228233640-69a37c0897e56.png\")
<\/p>\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66：RESTful\u7f13\u5b58：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u9075\u5faaREST\u67b6\u6784\u7684"\u65e0\u72b6\u6001"\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f13\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
13.1.2 \u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h6>\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u8868：<\/p>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027301\/302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411304\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/tr>\n \n\n \u76ee\u7684<\/td>\n \u4f4d\u7f6e\u8f6c\u79fb<\/td>\n \u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u54cd\u5e94\u4f53<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u6709HTML\u4e3b\u4f53<\/td>\n \u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Location\u5934<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u9700<\/td>\n \u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n \u53ef\u80fd\u7f13\u5b58\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u672c\u8eab<\/td>\n \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f13\u5b58\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u52a8\u4f5c<\/td>\n \u5411\u65b0URL\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93<\/td>\n \u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n \u4e00\u6b21\u8f7b\u91cf\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
# 301\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d41\u91cf
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u8bf7\u6c42A \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2190 301\u54cd\u5e94 (300\u5b57\u8282) \u2190 \u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u8bf7\u6c42B \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2190 200\u54cd\u5e94 (50KB) \u2190 \u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u603b\u6d41\u91cf: ~50.3KB<\/p>\n# 304\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u91cf
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668 (\u5e26\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5934)
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2190 304\u54cd\u5e94 (200\u5b57\u8282) \u2190 \u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58 (50KB)
\n\u603b\u6d41\u91cf: ~0.2KB
\n\u8282\u7701: 99.6% \u7684\u6d41\u91cf <\/p>\n13.2 \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
13.2.1 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u673a\u5236<\/h6>\n
\u5f3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668 vs \u5f31\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668：<\/p>\n
\n
\u7c7b\u578b\u793a\u4f8b\u7279\u70b9\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n \n\n \u5f3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668<\/td>\n ETag: "abc123"<\/td>\n \u5b57\u8282\u7ea7\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d<\/td>\n \u7cbe\u786e\u5185\u5bb9\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n <\/td>\n ETag: W\/"abc123"<\/td>\n \u5f31\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668，\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u5373\u53ef<\/td>\n \u5185\u5bb9\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u540c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65f6\u95f4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668<\/td>\n Last-Modified<\/td>\n \u57fa\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n \u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6bd4\u8f83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n ETag\u751f\u6210\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
import hashlib
\nimport json
\nfrom datetime import datetime<\/p>\nclass ETagGenerator:
\n """ETag\u751f\u6210\u5668，\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7b56\u7565"""<\/p>\n@staticmethod
\n def generate_strong_etag(content):
\n """\u751f\u6210\u5f3aETag（\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c）"""
\n content_hash = hashlib.md5(content).hexdigest()
\n return f'"{content_hash}"'<\/p>\n@staticmethod
\n def generate_weak_etag(content):
\n """\u751f\u6210\u5f31ETag（W\/\u524d\u7f00）"""
\n # \u5f31ETag：\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u5373\u53ef，\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u5fae\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02（\u5982\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233）
\n normalized = content.strip().replace('\\\\r\\\\n', '\\\\n')
\n content_hash = hashlib.md5(normalized.encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
\n return f'W\/"{content_hash}"'<\/p>\n@staticmethod
\n def generate_version_etag(version):
\n """\u57fa\u4e8e\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u7684ETag"""
\n return f'"v{version}"'<\/p>\n@staticmethod
\n def generate_composite_etag(content, last_modified):
\n """\u590d\u5408ETag：\u5185\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c + \u65f6\u95f4\u6233"""
\n content_hash = hashlib.md5(content).hexdigest()[:8]
\n timestamp = int(last_modified.timestamp())
\n return f'"{content_hash}-{timestamp}"' <\/p>\n13.2.2 \u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5934：<\/p>\n
- \n
If-None-Match（ETag\u9a8c\u8bc1）：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/resource HTTP\/1.1
\nIf-None-Match: "abc123", "def456", W\/"ghi789" <\/p>\n- \n
- \n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524dETag\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0*\u00a0\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55ETag（\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
If-Modified-Since（\u65f6\u95f4\u9a8c\u8bc1）：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/resource HTTP\/1.1
\nIf-Modified-Since: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT <\/p>\n- \n
- \n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u68c0\u67e5\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/resource HTTP\/1.1
\nIf-None-Match: "abc123"
\nIf-Modified-Since: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT <\/p>\n- \n
- \n
ETag\u4f18\u5148：\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9bETag，\u5ffd\u7565\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4fdd\u5b88\u7b56\u7565：\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u672a\u4fee\u6539，\u624d\u8fd4\u56de304<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
def validate_request(headers, resource_info):
\n """
\n \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42，\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd4\u56de304\u8fd8\u662f200
\n """<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5If-None-Match
\n if_none_match = headers.get('If-None-Match')
\n if if_none_match:
\n if if_none_match == '*':
\n # \u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55ETag
\n return False # \u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5b8c\u6574\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n# \u89e3\u6790ETag\u5217\u8868
\n etags = [etag.strip().strip('"') for etag in if_none_match.split(',')]<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684ETag
\n current_etag = resource_info.get('etag', '').strip('"')
\n for etag in etags:
\n # \u5f31\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u6bd4\u8f83（\u5ffd\u7565W\/\u524d\u7f00）
\n if etag.startswith('W\/'):
\n etag_value = etag[2:]
\n if current_etag.startswith('W\/'):
\n current_value = current_etag[2:]
\n else:
\n current_value = current_etag<\/p>\nif etag_value == current_value:
\n return True # \u8fd4\u56de304
\n else:
\n # \u5f3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d
\n if etag == current_etag:
\n return True # \u8fd4\u56de304<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5If-Modified-Since
\n if_modified_since = headers.get('If-Modified-Since')
\n if if_modified_since:
\n try:
\n client_time = parse_http_date(if_modified_since)
\n server_time = resource_info.get('last_modified')<\/p>\nif server_time and server_time <= client_time:
\n return True # \u8fd4\u56de304
\n except ValueError:
\n pass<\/p>\nreturn False # \u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5b8c\u6574\u54cd\u5e94 <\/p>\n
13.2.3 \u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u914d\u7f6e<\/h6>\n
\u6807\u51c6304\u54cd\u5e94：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 304 Not Modified
\nDate: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT
\nETag: "abc123"
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=3600
\nExpires: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 10:00:00 GMT
\nLast-Modified: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 08:00:00 GMT <\/p>\n\u91cd\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53：304\u54cd\u5e94\u5fc5\u987b\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5934\u90e8：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Date：\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5934（ETag\u6216Last-Modified\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u53ef\u9009\u5934\u90e8：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Cache-Control：\u66f4\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Expires：\u66f4\u65b0\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5176\u4ed6\u7f13\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u5934\u90e8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6304\u914d\u7f6e
\nlocation ~* \\\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
\n # \u542f\u7528ETag
\n etag on;<\/p>\n# \u542f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4
\n if_modified_since exact;<\/p>\n# \u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable";<\/p>\n# \u5bf9\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42
\n # Nginx\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406If-Modified-Since\u548cIf-None-Match
\n}<\/p>\n# \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u7684304\u5904\u7406
\nlocation \/api\/data {
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<\/p>\n# \u4f20\u9012\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5230\u540e\u7aef
\n proxy_set_header If-Modified-Since $http_if_modified_since;
\n proxy_set_header If-None-Match $http_if_none_match;<\/p>\n# \u5904\u7406\u540e\u7aef\u7684304\u54cd\u5e94
\n proxy_intercept_errors on;
\n error_page 304 = @handle_304;
\n}<\/p>\nlocation @handle_304 {
\n # \u8fd4\u56de304，\u4fdd\u6301\u7f13\u5b58\u5934
\n return 304;
\n} <\/p>\n13.3 \u7f13\u5b58\u5934\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565<\/h5>\n
13.3.1 \u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5934\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n
Cache-Control\u6307\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
\n
\u6307\u4ee4\u503c\u542b\u4e49\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n \n\n public<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n \u54cd\u5e94\u53ef\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u7f13\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n Cache-Control: public<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n private<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n \u54cd\u5e94\u4ec5\u4f9b\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n Cache-Control: private<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n max-age<\/td>\n \u79d2\u6570<\/td>\n \u65b0\u9c9c\u5ea6\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n max-age=3600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n s-maxage<\/td>\n \u79d2\u6570<\/td>\n \u5171\u4eab\u7f13\u5b58（CDN）\u6709\u6548\u671f<\/td>\n s-maxage=86400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n no-cache<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n \u6bcf\u6b21\u9700\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n Cache-Control: no-cache<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n no-store<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206<\/td>\n Cache-Control: no-store<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n must-revalidate<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n \u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n must-revalidate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n immutable<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n \u5185\u5bb9\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d8，\u65e0\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n immutable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u7ec4\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90：\u957f\u671f\u7f13\u5b58，\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u53d8
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000, immutable
\nETag: "abc123"<\/p>\n# \u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e：\u79c1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58，\u77ed\u671f
\nCache-Control: private, max-age=300, must-revalidate
\nETag: W\/"def456"<\/p>\n# \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9：\u9700\u6bcf\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1
\nCache-Control: no-cache
\nLast-Modified: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT<\/p>\n# CDN\u4f18\u5316：\u4e0d\u540c\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565
\nCache-Control: public, s-maxage=86400, max-age=3600 <\/p>\n13.3.2 ETag\u751f\u6210\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h6>\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u7684ETag\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class ResourceETagStrategy:
\n """\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684ETag\u7b56\u7565"""<\/p>\nstrategies = {
\n 'static_file': {
\n 'type': 'strong',
\n 'method': 'content_hash',
\n 'description': '\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c'
\n },
\n 'api_json': {
\n 'type': 'weak',
\n 'method': 'semantic_hash',
\n 'description': 'API\u54cd\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\u54c8\u5e0c'
\n },
\n 'database_content': {
\n 'type': 'version',
\n 'method': 'row_version',
\n 'description': '\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u7248\u672c\u53f7'
\n },
\n 'computed_result': {
\n 'type': 'composite',
\n 'method': 'input_hash',
\n 'description': '\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u54c8\u5e0c'
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n@staticmethod
\n def generate_etag(resource_type, content, metadata=None):
\n """\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u751f\u6210ETag"""<\/p>\nstrategy = ResourceETagStrategy.strategies.get(resource_type, {})<\/p>\n
if strategy['method'] == 'content_hash':
\n # \u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6：\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u5bb9
\n return hashlib.md5(content).hexdigest()<\/p>\nelif strategy['method'] == 'semantic_hash':
\n # JSON API：\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u540e\u54c8\u5e0c
\n if isinstance(content, dict):
\n # \u89c4\u8303\u5316JSON（\u6392\u5e8f\u952e，\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u683c\u5f0f）
\n normalized = json.dumps(
\n content,
\n sort_keys=True,
\n separators=(',', ':')
\n )
\n return 'W\/"' + hashlib.md5(normalized.encode()).hexdigest()[:8] + '"'<\/p>\nelif strategy['method'] == 'row_version':
\n # \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9：\u7248\u672c\u53f7
\n version = metadata.get('version', 0) if metadata else 0
\n return f'"v{version}"'<\/p>\nelif strategy['method'] == 'input_hash':
\n # \u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c：\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u54c8\u5e0c
\n input_hash = hashlib.md5(str(metadata).encode()).hexdigest()[:12]
\n return f'"{input_hash}"'<\/p>\n# \u9ed8\u8ba4：\u5f3aETag
\n return '"' + hashlib.md5(content).hexdigest() + '"' <\/p>\nETag\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8003\u91cf：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class CostAwareETagGenerator:
\n """\u8003\u8651\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u7684ETag\u751f\u6210\u5668"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self):
\n self.cache = {} # \u7f13\u5b58\u5df2\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684ETag<\/p>\ndef generate_etag(self, content, strategy='auto'):
\n """
\n \u667a\u80fd\u751f\u6210ETag，\u5e73\u8861\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd
\n """<\/p>\n# \u5c0f\u5185\u5bb9：\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97
\n if len(content) < 1024: # \u5c0f\u4e8e1KB
\n return self._generate_strong_etag(content)<\/p>\n# \u5927\u5185\u5bb9：\u6839\u636e\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9
\n if strategy == 'auto':
\n # \u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9：\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5927\u5c0f
\n if self._is_binary(content):
\n # \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6：\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u54c8\u5e0c
\n return self._generate_composite_etag(content)
\n else:
\n # \u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6：\u4f7f\u7528\u5f31ETag（\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548）
\n return self._generate_weak_etag(content)<\/p>\nelif strategy == 'fast':
\n # \u5feb\u901f\u6a21\u5f0f：\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5927\u5c0f
\n return self._generate_lightweight_etag(content)<\/p>\nelif strategy == 'accurate':
\n # \u7cbe\u786e\u6a21\u5f0f：\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c
\n return self._generate_strong_etag(content)<\/p>\ndef _generate_lightweight_etag(self, content):
\n """\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7ETag：\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4"""
\n size = len(content)
\n mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename) if hasattr(content, 'filename') else 0
\n return f'W\/"s{size}-t{int(mtime)}"'<\/p>\ndef _generate_composite_etag(self, content):
\n """\u590d\u5408ETag：\u5934\u90e8\u54c8\u5e0c + \u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027"""
\n # \u53ea\u54c8\u5e0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5934\u90e8（\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd）
\n header_hash = hashlib.md5(content[:1024]).hexdigest()[:8]
\n size = len(content)
\n return f'"{header_hash}-{size}"' <\/p>\n13.3.3 \u7f13\u5b58\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h6>\n
\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7f13\u5b58\u67b6\u6784：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58 \u2192 \u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58 \u2192 CDN\u8fb9\u7f18\u7f13\u5b58 \u2192 \u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u5668 <\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u64ad：
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260228233641-69a37c094e18a.png\")
<\/p>\n\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class CacheValidationOptimizer:
\n """\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f18\u5316\u5668"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self):
\n self.stats = {
\n 'cache_hits': 0,
\n 'cache_misses': 0,
\n 'validation_requests': 0
\n }<\/p>\ndef should_revalidate(self, cache_entry, request_headers):
\n """
\n \u667a\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n """<\/p>\n# 1. \u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f
\n if self._is_fresh(cache_entry):
\n self.stats['cache_hits'] += 1
\n return False # \u65e0\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n# 2. \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934
\n has_validation_headers = any(
\n header in request_headers
\n for header in ['If-None-Match', 'If-Modified-Since']
\n )<\/p>\nif not has_validation_headers:
\n self.stats['cache_misses'] += 1
\n return True # \u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n# 3. \u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u5f3a\u5ea6
\n cache_has_strong_validator = cache_entry.get('etag', '').startswith('"')
\n cache_has_weak_validator = cache_entry.get('etag', '').startswith('W\/')
\n cache_has_timestamp = 'last_modified' in cache_entry<\/p>\n# \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u5f31\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u4e14\u8d44\u6e90\u5f88\u91cd\u8981，\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6
\n if cache_has_weak_validator and not cache_has_timestamp:
\n # \u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6e90：\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5f31\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u4e5f\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6
\n if self._is_important_resource(cache_entry['url']):
\n self.stats['validation_requests'] += 1
\n return True<\/p>\n# \u9ed8\u8ba4：\u53d1\u9001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42
\n self.stats['validation_requests'] += 1
\n return True<\/p>\ndef _is_fresh(self, cache_entry):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u65b0\u9c9c"""
\n max_age = cache_entry.get('max_age', 0)
\n cached_at = cache_entry.get('cached_at', 0)<\/p>\nif max_age == 0:
\n return False<\/p>\ncurrent_time = time.time()
\n age = current_time – cached_at<\/p>\nreturn age < max_age <\/p>\n
13.4 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
13.4.1 \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5206\u6790<\/h6>\n
\u9ad8\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u56fe\u7247\u3001CSS\u3001JS\u7b49\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90
\nlocation ~* \\\\.(css|js|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|woff|woff2|ttf|svg)$ {
\n expires 1y;
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
\n etag on;<\/p>\n# \u91cd\u8981\u7684：\u4e0d\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6eno-cache，\u5426\u5219\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u4f1a\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n # \u4f7f\u7528immutable\u8868\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8
\n} <\/li>\n- \n
API\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u5b58：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django REST Framework API\u7f13\u5b58
\nfrom django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
\nfrom django.views.decorators.vary import vary_on_headers<\/p>\n@api_view(['GET'])
\n@cache_page(60 * 15) # \u7f13\u5b5815\u5206\u949f
\n@vary_on_headers('Authorization', 'Accept-Language')
\ndef product_list(request):
\n products = Product.objects.all()
\n serializer = ProductSerializer(products, many=True)<\/p>\n# \u8bbe\u7f6eETag
\n response = Response(serializer.data)
\n response['ETag'] = generate_etag(serializer.data)
\n response['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=900'<\/p>\nreturn response <\/li>\n
- \n
\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc（CDN）：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# CDN\u8fb9\u7f18\u8282\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e
\nCache-Control: public, s-maxage=86400, max-age=3600
\nETag: "abc123"
\nVary: Accept-Encoding, User-Agent<\/p>\n# CDN\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91：
\n# 1. \u68c0\u67e5s-maxage（CDN\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4）
\n# 2. \u68c0\u67e5If-None-Match
\n# 3. \u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u56de\u6e90\u9a8c\u8bc1 <\/li>\n\u4e0d\u9002\u5408304\u7684\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u9ad8\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5b9e\u65f6\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u804a\u5929\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6570\u636e：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u516c\u5171\u7f13\u5b58
\n@cache_page(60)
\n@vary_on_cookie # \u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd
\ndef user_profile(request):
\n # \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u72ec\u7acb
\n pass <\/li>\n - \n
POST\/PUT\/DELETE\u8bf7\u6c42：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de304<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528200\/201\/204\u7b49\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
13.4.2 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/h6>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u9884\u70ed\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class CacheWarmer:
\n """\u7f13\u5b58\u9884\u70ed\u7ba1\u7406\u5668"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self, cache_client):
\n self.cache = cache_client
\n self.warmup_queue = []<\/p>\ndef schedule_warmup(self, urls, priority='medium'):
\n """\u8ba1\u5212\u7f13\u5b58\u9884\u70ed\u4efb\u52a1"""<\/p>\nfor url in urls:
\n self.warmup_queue.append({
\n 'url': url,
\n 'priority': priority,
\n 'scheduled_at': time.time()
\n })<\/p>\n# \u6309\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f
\n self.warmup_queue.sort(key=lambda x: (
\n 0 if x['priority'] == 'high' else
\n 1 if x['priority'] == 'medium' else 2
\n ))<\/p>\ndef execute_warmup(self, concurrency=5):
\n """\u6267\u884c\u7f13\u5b58\u9884\u70ed"""<\/p>\nasync def warm_url(url):
\n try:
\n # \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u89e6\u53d1\u7f13\u5b58
\n async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
\n async with session.get(url) as response:
\n if response.status == 200:
\n print(f"\u9884\u70ed\u6210\u529f: {url}")
\n return True
\n except Exception as e:
\n print(f"\u9884\u70ed\u5931\u8d25 {url}: {e}")
\n return False<\/p>\n# \u5e76\u53d1\u9884\u70ed
\n tasks = []
\n for item in self.warmup_queue[:concurrency]:
\n tasks.append(warm_url(item['url']))<\/p>\n# \u79fb\u9664\u5df2\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1
\n self.warmup_queue = self.warmup_queue[concurrency:]<\/p>\nreturn tasks <\/p>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f18\u5316：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e
\nhttp {
\n # \u542f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406
\n if_modified_since before;<\/p>\n# ETag\u914d\u7f6e
\n etag on;<\/p>\n# \u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u4f18\u5316
\n location ~* \\\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
\n # \u4f7f\u7528sendfile\u9ad8\u6548\u4f20\u8f93
\n sendfile on;
\n sendfile_max_chunk 1m;<\/p>\n# \u542f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58
\n open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s;
\n open_file_cache_valid 30s;
\n open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
\n open_file_cache_errors on;<\/p>\n# \u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236
\n expires 1y;
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
\n }<\/p>\n# \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u7f13\u5b58
\n location \/api\/ {
\n proxy_cache api_cache;
\n proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
\n proxy_cache_valid 200 302 5m;
\n proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
\n proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating
\n http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;<\/p>\n# \u4f20\u9012\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934
\n proxy_set_header If-Modified-Since $http_if_modified_since;
\n proxy_set_header If-None-Match $http_if_none_match;<\/p>\nproxy_pass http:\/\/backend;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u524d\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5
\nclass ClientCacheManager {
\n constructor() {
\n this.cacheName = 'app-cache-v1';
\n this.precacheList = [
\n '\/',
\n '\/styles\/main.css',
\n '\/scripts\/app.js',
\n '\/images\/logo.png'
\n ];
\n }<\/p>\nasync setupCaching() {
\n \/\/ 1. \u6ce8\u518cService Worker
\n if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
\n try {
\n const registration = await navigator.serviceWorker.register('\/sw.js');
\n console.log('ServiceWorker \u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u529f');
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.log('ServiceWorker \u6ce8\u518c\u5931\u8d25:', error);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u9884\u7f13\u5b58\u5173\u952e\u8d44\u6e90
\n await this.precacheCriticalResources();<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565
\n this.setupCacheHeaders();
\n }<\/p>\nasync precacheCriticalResources() {
\n const cache = await caches.open(this.cacheName);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u9884\u7f13\u5b58\u5173\u952e\u8d44\u6e90
\n await cache.addAll(this.precacheList);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u7248\u672c
\n await cache.put(
\n new Request('\/cache-version'),
\n new Response(JSON.stringify({ version: '1.0.0' }))
\n );
\n }<\/p>\nsetupCacheHeaders() {
\n \/\/ \u901a\u8fc7fetch API\u63a7\u5236\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a
\n const originalFetch = window.fetch;<\/p>\nwindow.fetch = async function(resource, init = {}) {
\n \/\/ \u5bf9GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236
\n const isGet = !init.method || init.method.toUpperCase() === 'GET';<\/p>\nif (isGet) {
\n \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934（\u5982\u679c\u672c\u5730\u6709\u7f13\u5b58）
\n const cached = await caches.match(resource);
\n if (cached) {
\n const etag = cached.headers.get('ETag');
\n const lastModified = cached.headers.get('Last-Modified');<\/p>\nif (!init.headers) init.headers = {};<\/p>\n
if (etag) {
\n init.headers['If-None-Match'] = etag;
\n }
\n if (lastModified) {
\n init.headers['If-Modified-Since'] = lastModified;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f
\n init.cache = 'default'; \/\/ \u6216 'no-store', 'reload', 'no-cache', 'force-cache', 'only-if-cached'
\n }<\/p>\nreturn originalFetch(resource, init);
\n };
\n }<\/p>\nasync getWithCache(url, options = {}) {
\n \/\/ \u9996\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u7f13\u5b58\u83b7\u53d6
\n const cache = await caches.open(this.cacheName);
\n const cachedResponse = await cache.match(url);<\/p>\nif (cachedResponse && this.isCacheFresh(cachedResponse)) {
\n \/\/ \u7f13\u5b58\u65b0\u9c9c，\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528
\n return cachedResponse;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7f13\u5b58\u8fc7\u671f\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u53d1\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42
\n const networkResponse = await fetch(url, options);<\/p>\nif (networkResponse.ok) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58
\n await cache.put(url, networkResponse.clone());
\n }<\/p>\nreturn networkResponse;
\n }<\/p>\nisCacheFresh(cachedResponse) {
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u65b0\u9c9c
\n const cacheControl = cachedResponse.headers.get('Cache-Control');
\n const date = cachedResponse.headers.get('Date');<\/p>\nif (!cacheControl || !date) return false;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u89e3\u6790max-age
\n const maxAgeMatch = cacheControl.match(\/max-age=(\\\\d+)\/);
\n if (!maxAgeMatch) return false;<\/p>\nconst maxAge = parseInt(maxAgeMatch[1], 10);
\n const cachedTime = new Date(date).getTime();
\n const currentTime = Date.now();<\/p>\nreturn (currentTime – cachedTime) < maxAge * 1000;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n13.4.3 \u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h6>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u76d1\u63a7：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class CacheMonitor:
\n """\u7f13\u5b58\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u5668"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self):
\n self.metrics = {
\n 'requests': 0,
\n 'cache_hits': 0,
\n 'cache_misses': 0,
\n 'conditional_requests': 0,
\n '304_responses': 0,
\n 'response_times': []
\n }<\/p>\ndef record_request(self, request_headers):
\n """\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u6307\u6807"""
\n self.metrics['requests'] += 1<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42
\n if any(h in request_headers for h in ['If-None-Match', 'If-Modified-Since']):
\n self.metrics['conditional_requests'] += 1<\/p>\ndef record_response(self, response_status, response_time):
\n """\u8bb0\u5f55\u54cd\u5e94\u6307\u6807"""
\n if response_status == 304:
\n self.metrics['304_responses'] += 1
\n self.metrics['cache_hits'] += 1
\n elif response_status == 200:
\n self.metrics['cache_misses'] += 1<\/p>\nself.metrics['response_times'].append(response_time)<\/p>\n
# \u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u8fd11000\u4e2a\u6837\u672c
\n if len(self.metrics['response_times']) > 1000:
\n self.metrics['response_times'] = self.metrics['response_times'][-1000:]<\/p>\ndef get_stats(self):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f"""
\n total = self.metrics['requests']
\n hits = self.metrics['cache_hits']
\n misses = self.metrics['cache_misses']<\/p>\nhit_rate = hits \/ total if total > 0 else 0<\/p>\n
return {
\n 'total_requests': total,
\n 'cache_hit_rate': f"{hit_rate:.1%}",
\n 'conditional_requests': self.metrics['conditional_requests'],
\n '304_responses': self.metrics['304_responses'],
\n 'avg_response_time': sum(self.metrics['response_times']) \/ len(self.metrics['response_times']) if self.metrics['response_times'] else 0,
\n 'p95_response_time': self._calculate_percentile(self.metrics['response_times'], 95)
\n }<\/p>\ndef _calculate_percentile(self, values, percentile):
\n """\u8ba1\u7b97\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6570"""
\n if not values:
\n return 0<\/p>\nsorted_values = sorted(values)
\n index = (percentile \/ 100) * (len(sorted_values) – 1)<\/p>\nif index.is_integer():
\n return sorted_values[int(index)]
\n else:
\n lower = int(index)
\n upper = lower + 1
\n weight = index – lower
\n return sorted_values[lower] * (1 – weight) + sorted_values[upper] * weight <\/p>\n\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u6280\u672f：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u7684JavaScript\u4ee3\u7801
\nasync function checkCacheStatus(url) {
\n console.group('\u7f13\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5:', url);<\/p>\n\/\/ 1. \u68c0\u67e5Service Worker\u7f13\u5b58
\n if ('caches' in window) {
\n const cache = await caches.open('app-cache');
\n const cached = await cache.match(url);<\/p>\nif (cached) {
\n console.log('Service Worker\u7f13\u5b58:', cached);
\n console.log('ETag:', cached.headers.get('ETag'));
\n console.log('Cache-Control:', cached.headers.get('Cache-Control'));
\n console.log('Last-Modified:', cached.headers.get('Last-Modified'));
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u53d1\u8d77\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42
\n const response = await fetch(url, {
\n headers: {
\n 'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
\n }
\n });<\/p>\nconsole.log('\u7f51\u7edc\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001:', response.status);
\n console.log('\u54cd\u5e94\u5934:', Object.fromEntries(response.headers.entries()));<\/p>\nconsole.groupEnd();
\n return response;
\n} <\/li>\n - \n
\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528curl\u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58\u5934
\ncurl -I https:\/\/example.com\/resource<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5ETag\u548cLast-Modified
\ncurl -I -H "Cache-Control: no-cache" https:\/\/example.com\/resource<\/p>\n# \u53d1\u9001\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42
\ncurl -I -H 'If-None-Match: "abc123"' https:\/\/example.com\/resource
\ncurl -I -H 'If-Modified-Since: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 09:00:00 GMT' https:\/\/example.com\/resource<\/p>\n# \u8be6\u7ec6\u8ddf\u8e2a
\ncurl -v -H 'If-None-Match: "abc123"' https:\/\/example.com\/resource <\/li>\n - \n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6269\u5c55\u5de5\u5177：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Chrome: "Cache Killer" \u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Firefox: "Cache Status" \u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u901a\u7528: "ModHeader" \u4fee\u6539\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
13.5 \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h5>\n
13.5.1 \u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/h6>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u591a\u4e2aCDN\u8282\u70b9\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u6c61\u67d3\u6216\u5931\u6548<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u6e05\u9664\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class CacheInvalidationManager:
\n """\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u5668"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self):
\n self.invalidation_queue = []<\/p>\ndef invalidate_cache(self, url_pattern, reason='content_update'):
\n """\u6807\u8bb0\u7f13\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u5931\u6548"""<\/p>\nself.invalidation_queue.append({
\n 'pattern': url_pattern,
\n 'reason': reason,
\n 'timestamp': time.time(),
\n 'status': 'pending'
\n })<\/p>\nasync def execute_invalidation(self):
\n """\u6267\u884c\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548"""<\/p>\nfor item in self.invalidation_queue:
\n if item['status'] == 'pending':
\n try:
\n # 1. \u6e05\u9664CDN\u7f13\u5b58
\n await self.purge_cdn_cache(item['pattern'])<\/p>\n# 2. \u6e05\u9664\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58
\n await self.purge_proxy_cache(item['pattern'])<\/p>\n# 3. \u901a\u77e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef（\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\u53f7）
\n await self.update_client_cache_version()<\/p>\nitem['status'] = 'completed'
\n print(f"\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548\u5b8c\u6210: {item['pattern']}")<\/p>\nexcept Exception as e:
\n item['status'] = 'failed'
\n item['error'] = str(e)
\n print(f"\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548\u5931\u8d25: {e}")<\/p>\nasync def purge_cdn_cache(self, pattern):
\n """\u6e05\u9664CDN\u7f13\u5b58"""
\n # \u8c03\u7528CDN API\u6e05\u9664\u7f13\u5b58
\n pass<\/p>\nasync def update_client_cache_version(self):
\n """\u66f4\u65b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u7248\u672c"""
\n # \u66f4\u65b0Service Worker\u7f13\u5b58\u7248\u672c
\n # \u6216\u901a\u8fc7API\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u901a\u77e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
\n pass <\/li>\n - \n
\u7248\u672c\u5316\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u7248\u672c\u5316\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90URL
\nlocation ~* "^\/static\/(v\\\\d+\/.*)$" {
\n alias \/var\/www\/static\/$1;
\n expires 1y;
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";<\/p>\n# \u7248\u672c\u53f7\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，URL\u53d8\u5316，\u81ea\u7136\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548
\n} <\/li>\n13.5.2 \u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898<\/h6>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8fc7\u591a\u7684304\u54cd\u5e94（\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f00\u9500）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
ETag\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u9ad8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u667a\u80fdETag\u751f\u6210：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class SmartETagGenerator:
\n """\u667a\u80fdETag\u751f\u6210，\u5e73\u8861\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self, config):
\n self.config = config
\n self.cache = {} # \u7f13\u5b58ETag\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\ndef generate_etag(self, content, content_type):
\n """\u6839\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u667a\u80fd\u751f\u6210ETag"""<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58
\n cache_key = f"{hash(content)}_{content_type}"
\n if cache_key in self.cache:
\n return self.cache[cache_key]<\/p>\netag = None<\/p>\n
# \u6839\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565
\n if content_type.startswith('image\/') or content_type.startswith('video\/'):
\n # \u5927\u6587\u4ef6：\u4f7f\u7528\u5f31ETag（\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f + \u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4）
\n etag = self._generate_lightweight_etag(content)<\/p>\nelif content_type == 'application\/json':
\n # JSON：\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u540e\u751f\u6210\u5f31ETag
\n etag = self._generate_json_etag(content)<\/p>\nelif content_type.startswith('text\/'):
\n # \u6587\u672c：\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c
\n etag = self._generate_strong_etag(content)<\/p>\nelse:
\n # \u9ed8\u8ba4：\u5f31ETag
\n etag = self._generate_weak_etag(content)<\/p>\n# \u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c
\n if etag and len(content) > 1024: # \u53ea\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684ETag
\n self.cache[cache_key] = etag<\/p>\nreturn etag <\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u9884\u70ed\u4e0e\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class CachePreValidator:
\n """\u7f13\u5b58\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1，\u51cf\u5c11304\u8bf7\u6c42"""<\/p>\ndef __init__(self):
\n self.validation_schedule = {}<\/p>\ndef schedule_prevalidation(self, url, ttl):
\n """\u8ba1\u5212\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1"""<\/p>\nexpiration_time = time.time() + ttl * 0.8 # \u5728\u8fc7\u671f\u524d20%\u65f6\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n
self.validation_schedule[url] = {
\n 'expiration_time': expiration_time,
\n 'last_validated': time.time(),
\n 'ttl': ttl
\n }<\/p>\nasync def run_prevalidation(self):
\n """\u6267\u884c\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1"""<\/p>\ncurrent_time = time.time()
\n urls_to_validate = []<\/p>\nfor url, info in self.validation_schedule.items():
\n if current_time >= info['expiration_time']:
\n urls_to_validate.append(url)<\/p>\n# \u5e76\u53d1\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n for url in urls_to_validate:
\n try:
\n response = await self.validate_url(url)<\/p>\nif response.status == 304:
\n # \u7f13\u5b58\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548，\u66f4\u65b0\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4
\n self.validation_schedule[url]['last_validated'] = current_time
\n self.validation_schedule[url]['expiration_time'] = current_time + self.validation_schedule[url]['ttl']<\/p>\nelif response.status == 200:
\n # \u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548，\u6e05\u9664\u76f8\u5173\u7f13\u5b58
\n await self.invalidate_cache(url)
\n # \u91cd\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9
\n await self.cache_new_content(url, response)<\/p>\nexcept Exception as e:
\n print(f"\u9884\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25 {url}: {e}") <\/li>\n13.5.3 \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/h6>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u7f13\u5b58：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e：\u79c1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58
\nCache-Control: private, max-age=300
\n# \u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\u7f13\u5b58
\nCache-Control: no-store <\/li>\n - \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u6295\u6bd2\u9632\u62a4：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528Vary\u5934\u9632\u6b62\u7f13\u5b58\u6df7\u4e71
\nlocation \/api\/data {
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<\/p>\n# \u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5934\u90e8\u533a\u5206\u7f13\u5b58
\n proxy_set_header Vary "Accept-Encoding, User-Agent, Authorization";<\/p>\n# \u9632\u6b62\u7f13\u5b58\u6295\u6bd2
\n proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$http_authorization";
\n} <\/li>\n - \n
HTTPS\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# HTTPS\u54cd\u5e94\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58（\u9664\u975e\u660e\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e）
\n# \u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5934
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=3600 <\/li>\n\u7b2c14\u7ae0：307\/308 – \u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n
14.1 307 Temporary Redirect – \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5）<\/h5>\n
14.1.1 \u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684<\/h6>\n
RFC 7231\u5b9a\u4e49：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
6.4.7. 307 Temporary Redirect<\/p>\n
The 307 (Temporary Redirect) status code indicates that the target
\nresource resides temporarily under a different URI and the user agent
\nMUST NOT change the request method if it performs an automatic
\nredirection to that URI. <\/p>\n\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u4e34\u65f6\u6027：\u4e0e302\u76f8\u540c，\u8d44\u6e90\u4e34\u65f6\u79fb\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301：\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cbHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u660e\u786e\u6027：\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86302\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u7cca\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u52a8\u673a：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u6f84\u6e05302\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u8bed\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u786e\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u652f\u6301API\u548cRESTful\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
14.1.2 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u652f\u6301（2024\u5e74）：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9307\u7684\u652f\u6301
\nasync function test307Support() {
\n const testEndpoint = 'https:\/\/httpbin.org\/status\/307';<\/p>\nconst methods = ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH'];
\n const results = {};<\/p>\nfor (const method of methods) {
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch(testEndpoint, {
\n method: method,
\n redirect: 'manual' \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n });<\/p>\nresults[method] = {
\n status: response.status,
\n location: response.headers.get('Location'),
\n supported: response.status === 307
\n };<\/p>\n} catch (error) {
\n results[method] = { error: error.message };
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nreturn results;
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5178\u578b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c：
\n\/*
\n{
\n "GET": { "status": 307, "supported": true },
\n "POST": { "status": 307, "supported": true },
\n "PUT": { "status": 307, "supported": true },
\n "DELETE": { "status": 307, "supported": true },
\n "PATCH": { "status": 307, "supported": true }
\n}
\n*\/ <\/p>\n\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u8868：<\/p>\n
\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\/\u5e73\u53f0\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c\u5907\u6ce8<\/tr>\n \n\n Chrome<\/td>\n \u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Firefox<\/td>\n \u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Safari<\/td>\n \u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Edge<\/td>\n \u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Node.js (fetch)<\/td>\n 18+<\/td>\n \u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n curl<\/td>\n 7.49.0+<\/td>\n \u652f\u6301-L\u8ddf\u968f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 14.1.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h6>\n
API\u7aef\u70b9\u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Flask API\u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, redirect, jsonify<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/v1\/users\/<user_id>', methods=['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
\ndef legacy_user_api(user_id):
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u7aef\u70b9，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n new_url = f'\/api\/v2\/users\/{user_id}'<\/p>\n# \u6784\u5efa307\u54cd\u5e94
\n response = redirect(new_url, code=307)<\/p>\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u5934
\n response.headers['X-API-Version'] = 'v1 (deprecated)'
\n response.headers['X-New-Endpoint'] = new_url
\n response.headers['Sunset'] = 'Mon, 31 Dec 2024 23:59:59 GMT'<\/p>\nreturn response<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/v2\/users\/<user_id>', methods=['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
\ndef new_user_api(user_id):
\n # \u65b0API\u5b9e\u73b0
\n if request.method == 'GET':
\n return jsonify({'id': user_id, 'name': 'John Doe'})
\n elif request.method == 'POST':
\n return jsonify({'status': 'created', 'id': user_id}), 201
\n # … \u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406 <\/p>\n\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u914d\u7f6e：\u4e34\u65f6\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5907\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\nupstream primary_backend {
\n server backend1.example.com;
\n server backend2.example.com;
\n}<\/p>\nupstream backup_backend {
\n server backup1.example.com;
\n server backup2.example.com;
\n}<\/p>\nserver {
\n location \/api\/ {
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u540e\u7aef\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001
\n if ($backend_health = "unhealthy") {
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5907\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return 307 https:\/\/backup-cluster.example.com$request_uri;
\n }<\/p>\nproxy_pass http:\/\/primary_backend;
\n proxy_redirect off;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\nA\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Node.js Express：A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5
\nconst express = require('express');
\nconst app = express();<\/p>\napp.post('\/submit-order', (req, res) => {
\n \/\/ A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5：50%\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u6d41\u7a0b
\n const useNewFlow = Math.random() < 0.5;<\/p>\nif (useNewFlow) {
\n \/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u8ba2\u5355\u5904\u7406\u7aef\u70b9，\u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5
\n res.redirect(307, '\/new-order-flow');
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u539f\u6709\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
\n processOrder(req.body);
\n res.json({ status: 'success' });
\n }
\n});<\/p>\napp.post('\/new-order-flow', (req, res) => {
\n \/\/ \u65b0\u8ba2\u5355\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
\n console.log('New flow – Order data:', req.body);
\n processOrderNew(req.body);
\n res.json({ status: 'success', flow: 'new' });
\n}); <\/p>\n14.2 308 Permanent Redirect – \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5）<\/h5>\n
14.2.1 \u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7279\u6027<\/h6>\n
RFC 7538\u5b9a\u4e49：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
3. 308 Permanent Redirect<\/p>\n
The 308 (Permanent Redirect) status code indicates that the target
\nresource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future
\nreferences to this resource ought to use one of the enclosed URIs.
\nClients with link-editing capabilities ought to automatically re-link
\nreferences to the effective request URI to one or more of the new
\nreferences sent by the server, where possible. <\/p>\n\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u6c38\u4e45\u6027：\u4e0e301\u76f8\u540c，\u8d44\u6e90\u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301：\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cbHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u660e\u786e\u6027：\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86301\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u7cca\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4e0e301\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b：<\/p>\n
text<\/p>\n
# 301：\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8（POST\u2192GET）
\nPOST \/old \u2192 301 \u2192 GET \/new<\/p>\n# 308：\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301
\nPOST \/old \u2192 308 \u2192 POST \/new <\/p>\n14.2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h6>\n
API\u7248\u672c\u6c38\u4e45\u8fc1\u79fb：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django API\u6c38\u4e45\u8fc1\u79fb\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
\nfrom django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods<\/p>\n@require_http_methods(["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH"])
\ndef legacy_api(request, endpoint):
\n """
\n \u65e7API\u7248\u672c，\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u7248\u672c
\n """<\/p>\n# \u6784\u5efa\u65b0API\u7aef\u70b9URL
\n new_endpoint = endpoint.replace('\/api\/v1\/', '\/api\/v2\/')
\n new_url = f'https:\/\/api.example.com{new_endpoint}'<\/p>\n# \u521b\u5efa308\u54cd\u5e94
\n response = HttpResponseRedirect(new_url, status=308)<\/p>\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fc1\u79fb\u4fe1\u606f\u5934
\n response['X-API-Migration'] = 'v1\u2192v2'
\n response['X-Deprecation-Date'] = '2024-12-31'
\n response['X-New-Endpoint'] = new_url
\n response['Link'] = f'<{new_url}>; rel="successor-version"'<\/p>\nreturn response <\/p>\n
HTTPS\u5f3a\u5236\u5347\u7ea7\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u914d\u7f6e：HTTP\u5230HTTPS\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name api.example.com;<\/p>\n# \u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230HTTPS
\n location \/ {
\n # 308\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return 308 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n# \u5bf9\u6bd4301\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u95ee\u9898：
\n# \u4f7f\u7528301\u65f6，POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u4e3aGET，\u5bfc\u81f4API\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25
\n# \u4f7f\u7528308\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 <\/p>\nRESTful\u8d44\u6e90\u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u52a8：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
\/\/ Spring Boot REST API\u8d44\u6e90\u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u52a8
\n@RestController
\n@RequestMapping("\/api\/v1")
\npublic class LegacyResourceController {<\/p>\n@RequestMapping(value = "\/resources\/{id}", method = {RequestMethod.GET,
\n RequestMethod.POST,
\n RequestMethod.PUT,
\n RequestMethod.DELETE})
\n public ResponseEntity<Void> handleLegacyResource(
\n HttpServletRequest request,
\n @PathVariable String id) {<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90URL
\n String newUrl = "\/api\/v2\/resources\/" + id;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa308\u54cd\u5e94
\n HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
\n headers.setLocation(URI.create(newUrl));
\n headers.set("X-Resource-Moved", "permanently");
\n headers.set("X-New-Location", newUrl);<\/p>\nreturn new ResponseEntity<>(headers, HttpStatus.PERMANENT_REDIRECT);
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n14.2.3 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u652f\u6301\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u6d4b308\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801
\nfunction check308Support() {
\n const support = {
\n browser: false,
\n fetch: false,
\n xhr: false
\n };<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5fetch API\u652f\u6301
\n if (typeof fetch === 'function') {
\n support.fetch = true;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6ce8\u610f：fetch API\u9ed8\u8ba4\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n \/\/ \u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230308\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5XMLHttpRequest\u652f\u6301
\n if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {
\n const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u652f\u6301308
\n support.xhr = true;
\n } catch (e) {
\n support.xhr = false;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u603b\u4f53\u652f\u6301（\u57fa\u4e8eUser Agent\u68c0\u6d4b）
\n const ua = navigator.userAgent;
\n const chromeMatch = ua.match(\/Chrome\\\\\/(\\\\d+)\/);
\n const firefoxMatch = ua.match(\/Firefox\\\\\/(\\\\d+)\/);
\n const safariMatch = ua.match(\/Version\\\\\/(\\\\d+).*Safari\/);<\/p>\nif (chromeMatch && parseInt(chromeMatch[1]) >= 49) {
\n support.browser = true;
\n } else if (firefoxMatch && parseInt(firefoxMatch[1]) >= 51) {
\n support.browser = true;
\n } else if (safariMatch && parseInt(safariMatch[1]) >= 10) {
\n support.browser = true;
\n }<\/p>\nreturn support;
\n} <\/p>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
class RedirectHandler308 {
\n constructor() {
\n this.maxRedirects = 5;
\n this.visitedUrls = new Set();
\n }<\/p>\nasync fetchWith308Support(url, options = {}) {
\n let currentUrl = url;
\n let redirectCount = 0;
\n let currentOptions = { …options };<\/p>\nwhile (redirectCount < this.maxRedirects) {
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u5faa\u73af
\n if (this.visitedUrls.has(currentUrl)) {
\n throw new Error(`Redirect loop detected: ${currentUrl}`);
\n }
\n this.visitedUrls.add(currentUrl);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n const response = await fetch(currentUrl, {
\n …currentOptions,
\n redirect: 'manual' \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if (response.status === 301 || response.status === 302 ||
\n response.status === 303 || response.status === 307 ||
\n response.status === 308) {<\/p>\nredirectCount++;
\n const location = response.headers.get('Location');<\/p>\nif (!location) {
\n throw new Error('Redirect response missing Location header');
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u89e3\u6790\u65b0URL
\n const newUrl = new URL(location, currentUrl);
\n currentUrl = newUrl.href;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e303，\u603b\u662f\u8f6c\u4e3aGET
\n if (response.status === 303) {
\n currentOptions.method = 'GET';
\n delete currentOptions.body;
\n delete currentOptions.headers['Content-Type'];
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e301\u548c302，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u8f6cGET，\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fdd\u6301
\n if (response.status === 301 || response.status === 302) {
\n \/\/ \u8b66\u544a：\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5931\u6570\u636e
\n console.warn(`${response.status} redirect – method may change to GET`);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e307\u548c308，\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u65b9\u6cd5
\n if (response.status === 307 || response.status === 308) {
\n \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u9009\u9879
\n continue;
\n }<\/p>\ncontinue;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u975e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u54cd\u5e94
\n return response;
\n }<\/p>\nthrow new Error(`Too many redirects: ${redirectCount}`);
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n14.3 \u4e0e301\/302\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h5>\n
14.3.1 \u6280\u672f\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868<\/h6>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027301302303307308<\/tr>\n \n\n \u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n 301<\/td>\n 302<\/td>\n 303<\/td>\n 307<\/td>\n 308<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u8bed\u4e49<\/td>\n \u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u52a8<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u79fb\u52a8<\/td>\n See Other<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301，\u5b9e\u9645\u5e38\u8f6cGET<\/td>\n \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301，\u5b9e\u9645\u5e38\u8f6cGET<\/td>\n \u603b\u662f\u8f6c\u4e3aGET<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f13\u5b58\u6027<\/td>\n \u53ef\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u53ef\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n SEO\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n \u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd<\/td>\n \u4f20\u9012\u6743\u91cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5f15\u5165\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.0<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.0<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.1<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.1<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.1 (RFC 7538)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/td>\n \u6c38\u4e45URL\u53d8\u66f4<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n POST\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e14\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e14\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 14.3.2 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h6>\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u884c\u4e3a：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u884c\u4e3a
\ndef test_method_preservation():
\n test_cases = [
\n {'method': 'POST', 'data': {'test': 'value'}},
\n {'method': 'PUT', 'data': {'update': 'data'}},
\n {'method': 'DELETE', 'data': {}},
\n {'method': 'PATCH', 'data': {'change': 'partial'}}
\n ]<\/p>\nresults = {}<\/p>\n
for status_code in [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]:
\n results[status_code] = {}<\/p>\nfor test in test_cases:
\n # \u6a21\u62df\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5904\u7406
\n final_method = simulate_redirect(status_code, test['method'])<\/p>\nresults[status_code][test['method']] = {
\n 'original': test['method'],
\n 'final': final_method,
\n 'changed': test['method'] != final_method,
\n 'data_preserved': test['method'] == final_method
\n }<\/p>\nreturn results<\/p>\n
def simulate_redirect(status_code, original_method):
\n """\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u5904\u7406"""<\/p>\nif status_code == 303:
\n # 303：\u603b\u662f\u8f6c\u4e3aGET
\n return 'GET'<\/p>\nelif status_code == 301 or status_code == 302:
\n # 301\/302：\u89c4\u8303\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u6301，\u4f46\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u8f6cGET
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u4e3a：\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06POST\u8f6c\u4e3aGET
\n if original_method in ['POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH']:
\n return 'GET' # \u5b9e\u9645\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a
\n else:
\n return original_method<\/p>\nelif status_code == 307 or status_code == 308:
\n # 307\/308：\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return original_method<\/p>\nreturn original_method<\/p>\n
# \u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c：
\n"""
\n{
\n 301: {
\n 'POST': {'original': 'POST', 'final': 'GET', 'changed': True},
\n 'PUT': {'original': 'PUT', 'final': 'GET', 'changed': True},
\n …
\n },
\n 302: { … \u7c7b\u4f3c301 … },
\n 303: { … \u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u4e3aGET … },
\n 307: { … \u5168\u90e8\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u65b9\u6cd5 … },
\n 308: { … \u5168\u90e8\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u65b9\u6cd5 … }
\n}
\n""" <\/p>\n14.3.3 \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h6>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u5934\u914d\u7f6e\u5dee\u5f02：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# 301 – \u53ef\u7f13\u5b58，\u957f\u671f
\nHTTP\/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
\nLocation: \/new-location
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000<\/p>\n# 302 – \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58
\nHTTP\/1.1 302 Found
\nLocation: \/temporary-location
\nCache-Control: no-cache, no-store<\/p>\n# 303 – \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58
\nHTTP\/1.1 303 See Other
\nLocation: \/result-page
\nCache-Control: no-cache<\/p>\n# 307 – \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58（\u4e34\u65f6）
\nHTTP\/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
\nLocation: \/temp-redirect
\nCache-Control: no-cache, no-store<\/p>\n# 308 – \u53ef\u7f13\u5b58，\u957f\u671f
\nHTTP\/1.1 308 Permanent Redirect
\nLocation: \/permanent-new-location
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000 <\/p>\n\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5dee\u5f02：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b
\nproxy_cache_path \/var\/cache\/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=redirect_cache:10m;<\/p>\nserver {
\n location \/ {
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;
\n proxy_cache redirect_cache;<\/p>\n# \u53ea\u7f13\u5b58301\u548c308\u54cd\u5e94
\n proxy_cache_valid 301 308 1h;<\/p>\n# \u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58302\u3001303\u3001307
\n proxy_cache_valid 302 303 307 0s;<\/p>\n# \u7f13\u5b58\u952e\u5305\u542b\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$status";
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n14.4 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u8be6\u89e3<\/h5>\n
14.4.1 API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/h6>\n
\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0fAPI\u8fc1\u79fb：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# API\u7248\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, redirect, jsonify
\nfrom datetime import datetime<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
class APIVersionManager:
\n def __init__(self):
\n self.migration_schedule = {
\n 'v1': {
\n 'status': 'deprecated',
\n 'sunset_date': '2024-12-31',
\n 'redirect_to': 'v2',
\n 'redirect_type': 308 # \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n },
\n 'v2': {
\n 'status': 'current',
\n 'sunset_date': None,
\n 'redirect_to': None
\n }
\n }<\/p>\ndef should_redirect(self, version):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411"""
\n config = self.migration_schedule.get(version)<\/p>\nif not config or config['status'] != 'deprecated':
\n return None<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u8fc7\u65e5\u843d\u671f
\n if config['sunset_date']:
\n sunset = datetime.fromisoformat(config['sunset_date'])
\n if datetime.now() > sunset:
\n return 410 # Gone – \u5b8c\u5168\u79fb\u9664<\/p>\nreturn config['redirect_type']<\/p>\n
# API\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6
\nversion_manager = APIVersionManager()<\/p>\n@app.before_request
\ndef handle_api_version():
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684API\u7248\u672c
\n if request.path.startswith('\/api\/'):
\n path_parts = request.path.split('\/')<\/p>\nif len(path_parts) > 2 and path_parts[1] == 'api':
\n version = path_parts[2] # \u4f8b\u5982：v1, v2<\/p>\nredirect_status = version_manager.should_redirect(version)<\/p>\n
if redirect_status:
\n # \u6784\u5efa\u65b0URL
\n new_path = request.path.replace(f'\/{version}\/', f'\/v2\/')<\/p>\nif redirect_status == 410:
\n # \u5b8c\u5168\u79fb\u9664，\u8fd4\u56de410 Gone
\n return jsonify({
\n 'error': 'API version removed',
\n 'message': f'API {version} has been sunset',
\n 'current_version': 'v2',
\n 'docs': 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/docs\/v2'
\n }), 410<\/p>\nelif redirect_status in [301, 308]:
\n # \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n response = redirect(new_path, code=redirect_status)<\/p>\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fc1\u79fb\u4fe1\u606f
\n response.headers['X-API-Version'] = version
\n response.headers['X-New-Version'] = 'v2'
\n response.headers['Link'] = f'<{new_path}>; rel="successor-version"'<\/p>\nif redirect_status == 308:
\n response.headers['X-Method-Preserved'] = 'true'<\/p>\nreturn response<\/p>\n
elif redirect_status in [302, 307]:
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n return redirect(new_path, code=redirect_status)<\/p>\n# \u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672cAPI\u7aef\u70b9
\n@app.route('\/api\/v2\/users\/<user_id>', methods=['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
\ndef user_endpoint_v2(user_id):
\n # \u5b9e\u73b0\u903b\u8f91…
\n pass <\/p>\n14.4.2 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/h6>\n
\u667a\u80fd\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e0e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e
\nhttp {
\n upstream primary_cluster {
\n zone backend 64k;<\/p>\nserver backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
\n server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
\n server backend3.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;<\/p>\n# \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5
\n health_check interval=5s fails=3 passes=2 uri=\/health;
\n }<\/p>\nupstream backup_cluster {
\n server backup1.example.com;
\n server backup2.example.com;
\n }<\/p>\n# \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u5b58\u50a8\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001
\n lua_shared_dict health_status 10m;<\/p>\nserver {
\n listen 80;<\/p>\nlocation \/api\/ {
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u96c6\u7fa4\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001
\n access_by_lua_block {
\n local health = ngx.shared.health_status
\n local is_healthy = health:get("primary_healthy")<\/p>\nif is_healthy == false then
\n — \u4e3b\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7，\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u96c6\u7fa4
\n — \u4f7f\u7528307\u4fdd\u6301\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return ngx.redirect("https:\/\/backup.example.com" .. ngx.var.request_uri, 307)
\n end
\n }<\/p>\nproxy_pass http:\/\/primary_cluster;<\/p>\n
# \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406
\n proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
\n proxy_next_upstream_tries 3;<\/p>\n# \u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef
\n proxy_intercept_errors on;
\n error_page 500 502 503 504 = @handle_backend_error;
\n }<\/p>\nlocation @handle_backend_error {
\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef
\n ngx.log(ngx.WARN, "Primary backend error, marking as unhealthy")<\/p>\n— \u6807\u8bb0\u4e3b\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7
\n local health = ngx.shared.health_status
\n health:set("primary_healthy", false, 60) — 60\u79d2\u5185\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7<\/p>\n— \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u96c6\u7fa4，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return 307 https:\/\/backup.example.com$request_uri;
\n }
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n14.4.3 \u5b89\u5168\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u573a\u666f<\/h6>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django\u5b89\u5168\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6
\nfrom django.shortcuts import redirect
\nfrom django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
\nfrom urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse<\/p>\nclass SecureRedirectMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
\n """\u5b89\u5168\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6，\u9632\u6b62\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6f0f\u6d1e"""<\/p>\nALLOWED_DOMAINS = ['example.com', 'trusted-partner.com']
\n ALLOWED_SCHEMES = ['http', 'https']<\/p>\ndef process_response(self, request, response):
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u54cd\u5e94
\n if response.status_code in [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]:
\n location = response.get('Location', '')<\/p>\nif location:
\n # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807
\n if not self.is_safe_redirect(location, request):
\n # \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9875\u9762
\n response.status_code = 302
\n response['Location'] = '\/'<\/p>\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n self.log_security_event(request, location)<\/p>\nreturn response<\/p>\n
def is_safe_redirect(self, target_url, request):
\n """\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u5168"""<\/p>\ntry:
\n parsed = urlparse(target_url)<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u534f\u8bae
\n if parsed.scheme and parsed.scheme not in self.ALLOWED_SCHEMES:
\n return False<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u57df\u540d
\n if parsed.netloc:
\n domain = parsed.netloc.split(':')[0] # \u79fb\u9664\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n# \u5141\u8bb8\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u57df\u540d
\n if domain and domain not in self.ALLOWED_DOMAINS:
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5f53\u524d\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5b50\u57df\u540d
\n current_domain = request.get_host().split(':')[0]<\/p>\nif not domain.endswith('.' + current_domain):
\n return False<\/p>\n# \u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u8def\u5f84
\n if parsed.path and '\/\/' in parsed.path:
\n return False<\/p>\nreturn True<\/p>\n
except Exception:
\n return False<\/p>\ndef log_security_event(self, request, malicious_url):
\n """\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6"""
\n import logging
\n security_logger = logging.getLogger('security')<\/p>\nsecurity_logger.warning(
\n 'Blocked unsafe redirect attempt',
\n extra={
\n 'ip': request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR'),
\n 'user_agent': request.META.get('HTTP_USER_AGENT'),
\n 'target_url': malicious_url,
\n 'referer': request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER'),
\n 'path': request.path
\n }
\n ) <\/p>\n14.5 \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
14.5.1 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h6>\n
Apache\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
apache<\/p>\n
# .htaccess 307\/308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u7528\u91cd\u5199\u5f15\u64ce
\nRewriteEngine On<\/p>\n# 1. \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5（307）
\n# \u5c06POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u7aef\u70b9
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(POST|PUT|DELETE|PATCH)$
\nRewriteRule ^old-api-endpoint$ \/new-api-endpoint [R=307,L]<\/p>\n# 2. \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5（308）
\n# API\u7248\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb
\nRewriteRule ^api\/v1\/(.*)$ https:\/\/api.example.com\/v2\/$1 [R=308,L]<\/p>\n# 3. \u57fa\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684307\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n# \u4ec5\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nRewriteCond %{ENV:MAINTENANCE_MODE} ^true$
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^\/maintenance\\\\.html$
\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ \/maintenance.html [R=307,L]<\/p>\n# 4. \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb
\nRewriteCond %{ENV:BACKEND_STATUS} ^unhealthy$
\nRewriteRule ^api\/(.*)$ https:\/\/backup-cluster.example.com\/api\/$1 [R=307,L]<\/p>\n# 5. A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\nRewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^ab=test$
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(POST|PUT|DELETE|PATCH)$
\nRewriteRule ^submit-endpoint$ \/new-submit-flow [R=307,L] <\/p>\nNginx\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# nginx.conf 307\/308\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
# 1. API\u7248\u672c\u6c38\u4e45\u8fc1\u79fb（308）
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name api.example.com;<\/p>\nlocation ~ "^\/api\/v1\/(.*)" {
\n # \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230v2，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return 308 https:\/\/api.example.com\/api\/v2\/$1;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n# 2. \u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（307）
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name example.com;<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6807\u5fd7
\n if (-f \/var\/www\/maintenance.flag) {
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7ef4\u62a4\u9875\u9762，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return 307 \/maintenance.html;
\n }<\/p>\nlocation \/ {
\n # \u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n# 3. \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb
\nupstream primary {
\n server backend1.example.com;
\n server backend2.example.com;
\n}<\/p>\nupstream backup {
\n server backup1.example.com;
\n server backup2.example.com;
\n}<\/p>\nserver {
\n location \/api\/ {
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u96c6\u7fa4\u5065\u5eb7
\n if ($backend_health = "unhealthy") {
\n # \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u96c6\u7fa4，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return 307 https:\/\/backup.example.com$request_uri;
\n }<\/p>\nproxy_pass http:\/\/primary;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n# 4. HTTPS\u5f3a\u5236\u5347\u7ea7（308\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5）
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name secure.example.com;<\/p>\n# \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230HTTPS，\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return 308 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;
\n} <\/p>\n14.5.2 \u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e<\/h6>\n
AWS API Gateway：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# AWS API Gateway OpenAPI\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nopenapi: 3.0.1
\ninfo:
\n title: API with 308 Redirects
\n version: 1.0.0<\/p>\npaths:
\n \/api\/v1\/users\/{userId}:
\n get:
\n responses:
\n '308':
\n description: Permanent Redirect to v2
\n headers:
\n Location:
\n schema:
\n type: string
\n example: \/api\/v2\/users\/{userId}
\n post:
\n responses:
\n '308':
\n description: Permanent Redirect to v2
\n headers:
\n Location:
\n schema:
\n type: string
\n example: \/api\/v2\/users\/{userId}<\/p>\n\/api\/v2\/users\/{userId}:
\n get:
\n # v2\u5b9e\u73b0…
\n post:
\n # v2\u5b9e\u73b0…<\/p>\n# AWS CloudFormation\u914d\u7f6eAPI Gateway\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nAWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
\nResources:
\n ApiGatewayRestApi:
\n Type: AWS::ApiGateway::RestApi
\n Properties:
\n Name: MyApi
\n Body:
\n openapi: 3.0.1
\n # … \u4e0a\u9762\u7684OpenAPI\u5b9a\u4e49 …<\/p>\nApiGatewayMethod:
\n Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Method
\n Properties:
\n RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi
\n ResourceId: !GetAtt ApiGatewayRestApi.RootResourceId
\n HttpMethod: ANY
\n AuthorizationType: NONE
\n Integration:
\n Type: HTTP
\n Uri: http:\/\/example.com
\n IntegrationHttpMethod: ANY
\n ConnectionType: INTERNET
\n PassthroughBehavior: WHEN_NO_MATCH
\n MethodResponses:
\n – StatusCode: '308'
\n ResponseParameters:
\n method.response.header.Location: true <\/p>\nCloudflare Workers：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Cloudflare Workers\u5b9e\u73b0307\/308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nexport default {
\n async fetch(request, env, ctx) {
\n const url = new URL(request.url);
\n const method = request.method;<\/p>\n\/\/ 1. API\u7248\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb（308\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411）
\n if (url.pathname.startsWith('\/api\/v1\/')) {
\n const newPath = url.pathname.replace('\/api\/v1\/', '\/api\/v2\/');
\n const newUrl = new URL(newPath, url);<\/p>\nreturn Response.redirect(newUrl.toString(), 308);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f（307\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411）
\n const maintenanceMode = await env.KV.get('maintenance_mode');
\n if (maintenanceMode === 'true' && method !== 'GET') {
\n \/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e\u975eGET\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4f7f\u7528307\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}\/maintenance`, 307);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n if (url.pathname === '\/submit' && method === 'POST') {
\n const abTestGroup = getABTestGroup(request);<\/p>\nif (abTestGroup === 'experimental') {
\n \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7aef\u70b9
\n return Response.redirect(`${url.origin}\/submit-experimental`, 307);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 4. \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb
\n const primaryHealthy = await checkBackendHealth('primary');
\n if (!primaryHealthy && method !== 'GET') {
\n \/\/ \u975eGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5907\u4efd，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n return Response.redirect('https:\/\/backup.example.com' + url.pathname, 307);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406
\n return fetch(request);
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570
\nfunction getABTestGroup(request) {
\n const cookie = request.headers.get('Cookie') || '';
\n const match = cookie.match(\/ab_test=([^;]+)\/);
\n return match ? match[1] : 'control';
\n}<\/p>\nasync function checkBackendHealth(backend) {
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch(`https:\/\/${backend}.example.com\/health`);
\n return response.ok;
\n } catch {
\n return false;
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n14.5.3 \u7f16\u7a0b\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n
Spring Boot\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
\/\/ Spring Boot 307\/308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u63a7\u5236\u5668
\n@RestController
\n@RequestMapping("\/api")
\npublic class RedirectController {<\/p>\nprivate final RedirectService redirectService;<\/p>\n
public RedirectController(RedirectService redirectService) {
\n this.redirectService = redirectService;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 1. API\u7248\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb – 308\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n @RequestMapping(value = "\/v1\/**", method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST,
\n RequestMethod.PUT, RequestMethod.DELETE,
\n RequestMethod.PATCH})
\n public ResponseEntity<Void> redirectV1ToV2(HttpServletRequest request) {
\n String originalPath = request.getRequestURI();
\n String newPath = originalPath.replace("\/api\/v1\/", "\/api\/v2\/");<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6784\u5efa\u65b0URL
\n URI newUri = UriComponentsBuilder
\n .fromHttpUrl(getBaseUrl(request))
\n .path(newPath)
\n .query(request.getQueryString())
\n .build()
\n .toUri();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa308\u54cd\u5e94
\n HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
\n headers.setLocation(newUri);
\n headers.set("X-API-Version", "v1 (deprecated)");
\n headers.set("X-New-Version", "v2");
\n headers.set("Link", String.format("<%s>; rel=\\\\"successor-version\\\\"", newUri));<\/p>\nreturn new ResponseEntity<>(headers, HttpStatus.PERMANENT_REDIRECT);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 – 307\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n @PostMapping("\/submit")
\n public ResponseEntity<?> submitData(@RequestBody SubmitData data,
\n HttpServletRequest request) {<\/p>\nif (redirectService.isUnderMaintenance()) {
\n \/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7ef4\u62a4\u7aef\u70b9，\u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5
\n URI maintenanceUri = UriComponentsBuilder
\n .fromHttpUrl(getBaseUrl(request))
\n .path("\/api\/maintenance-submit")
\n .build()
\n .toUri();<\/p>\nHttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
\n headers.setLocation(maintenanceUri);
\n headers.set("X-Maintenance-Mode", "true");
\n headers.set("Retry-After", "3600"); \/\/ 1\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5<\/p>\nreturn new ResponseEntity<>(headers, HttpStatus.TEMPORARY_REDIRECT);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
\n return ResponseEntity.ok(redirectService.processData(data));
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 – 307\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n @PostMapping("\/checkout")
\n public ResponseEntity<?> checkout(@RequestBody Order order,
\n @RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent) {<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b
\n String flow = redirectService.determineFlow(userAgent);<\/p>\nif ("new".equals(flow)) {
\n \/\/ \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u7ed3\u8d26\u6d41\u7a0b，\u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5
\n URI newCheckoutUri = UriComponentsBuilder
\n .fromPath("\/api\/checkout-new")
\n .build()
\n .toUri();<\/p>\nHttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
\n headers.setLocation(newCheckoutUri);
\n headers.set("X-Flow-Version", "new");<\/p>\nreturn new ResponseEntity<>(headers, HttpStatus.TEMPORARY_REDIRECT);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u539f\u6709\u6d41\u7a0b
\n return ResponseEntity.ok(redirectService.processCheckout(order));
\n }<\/p>\nprivate String getBaseUrl(HttpServletRequest request) {
\n String scheme = request.getScheme();
\n String serverName = request.getServerName();
\n int serverPort = request.getServerPort();<\/p>\nStringBuilder url = new StringBuilder();
\n url.append(scheme).append(":\/\/").append(serverName);<\/p>\nif (serverPort != 80 && serverPort != 443) {
\n url.append(":").append(serverPort);
\n }<\/p>\nreturn url.toString();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b
\n@Service
\nclass RedirectService {<\/p>\n@Value("${app.maintenance.enabled:false}")
\n private boolean maintenanceEnabled;<\/p>\n@Value("${app.ab-test.new-flow-percentage:50}")
\n private int newFlowPercentage;<\/p>\npublic boolean isUnderMaintenance() {
\n return maintenanceEnabled;
\n }<\/p>\npublic String determineFlow(String userAgent) {
\n \/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u7684A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u903b\u8f91
\n Random random = new Random(userAgent.hashCode());
\n int roll = random.nextInt(100);<\/p>\nreturn roll < newFlowPercentage ? "new" : "old";
\n }<\/p>\npublic ProcessResult processData(SubmitData data) {
\n \/\/ \u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
\n return new ProcessResult("success", "Data processed");
\n }<\/p>\npublic OrderResult processCheckout(Order order) {
\n \/\/ \u7ed3\u8d26\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
\n return new OrderResult("order_processed", order.getId());
\n }
\n} <\/p>\nNode.js\/Express\u9ad8\u7ea7\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Express.js 307\/308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u548c\u8def\u7531
\nconst express = require('express');
\nconst app = express();
\nconst crypto = require('crypto');<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6：\u5b89\u5168\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9a8c\u8bc1
\nconst validateRedirect = (req, res, next) => {
\n const allowedDomains = ['example.com', 'trusted.com'];<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807（\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728）
\n if (req.query.redirect) {
\n try {
\n const url = new URL(req.query.redirect, `${req.protocol}:\/\/${req.get('host')}`);
\n const domain = url.hostname;<\/p>\nif (!allowedDomains.includes(domain)) {
\n \/\/ \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u62d2\u7edd
\n return res.status(400).json({
\n error: 'Unsafe redirect destination',
\n allowedDomains
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u7ee7\u7eed
\n req.safeRedirect = url.toString();
\n } catch (error) {
\n return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Invalid redirect URL' });
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nnext();
\n};<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6：API\u7248\u672c\u5904\u7406
\nconst apiVersionHandler = (req, res, next) => {
\n const path = req.path;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5df2\u5f03\u7528\u7684v1 API
\n if (path.startsWith('\/api\/v1\/')) {
\n const newPath = path.replace('\/api\/v1\/', '\/api\/v2\/');<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n const method = req.method;<\/p>\nif (method === 'GET' || method === 'HEAD') {
\n \/\/ \u5bf9GET\/HEAD\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528301
\n res.redirect(301, newPath);
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5bf9POST\/PUT\/DELETE\u7b49\u4f7f\u7528308\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n res.redirect(308, newPath);
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u5934
\n res.setHeader('X-API-Version', 'v1 (deprecated)');
\n res.setHeader('X-New-Version', 'v2');
\n res.setHeader('Sunset', 'Mon, 31 Dec 2024 23:59:59 GMT');<\/p>\nreturn;
\n }<\/p>\nnext();
\n};<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6
\napp.use(validateRedirect);
\napp.use(apiVersionHandler);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8def\u7531：\u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\napp.post('\/api\/submit', (req, res) => {
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f
\n if (process.env.MAINTENANCE_MODE === 'true') {
\n \/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7ef4\u62a4\u7aef\u70b9，\u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5
\n res.status(307);
\n res.setHeader('Location', '\/api\/maintenance-submit');
\n res.setHeader('Retry-After', '3600');
\n res.setHeader('X-Maintenance', 'true');
\n res.end();
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406
\n res.json({ status: 'submitted', data: req.body });
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8def\u7531：A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5）
\napp.post('\/api\/order', (req, res) => {
\n \/\/ \u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7ec4
\n const userId = req.headers['x-user-id'] || req.ip;
\n const hash = crypto.createHash('md5').update(userId).digest('hex');
\n const group = parseInt(hash.slice(0, 2), 16) % 100; \/\/ 0-99<\/p>\nif (group < 30) { \/\/ 30%\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u6d41\u7a0b
\n \/\/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u8ba2\u5355\u6d41\u7a0b，\u4fdd\u6301POST\u65b9\u6cd5
\n res.redirect(307, '\/api\/order-new');
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 70%\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u6709\u6d41\u7a0b
\n processOrder(req.body, (result) => {
\n res.json(result);
\n });
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8def\u7531：\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb
\napp.all('\/api\/data\/*', async (req, res) => {
\n const method = req.method;
\n const originalUrl = req.originalUrl;<\/p>\ntry {
\n \/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e3b\u540e\u7aef
\n const response = await fetch(`http:\/\/primary-backend${originalUrl}`, {
\n method: method,
\n headers: req.headers,
\n body: method !== 'GET' && method !== 'HEAD' ? JSON.stringify(req.body) : undefined
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f6c\u53d1\u54cd\u5e94
\n res.status(response.status);
\n for (const [key, value] of response.headers) {
\n res.setHeader(key, value);
\n }<\/p>\nconst body = await response.text();
\n res.send(body);<\/p>\n} catch (error) {
\n \/\/ \u4e3b\u540e\u7aef\u5931\u8d25，\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5907\u4efd
\n console.error('Primary backend failed, redirecting to backup:', error);<\/p>\nif (method === 'GET' || method === 'HEAD') {
\n \/\/ GET\/HEAD\u4f7f\u7528302
\n res.redirect(302, `http:\/\/backup-backend${originalUrl}`);
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528307\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\n res.redirect(307, `http:\/\/backup-backend${originalUrl}`);
\n }
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\nconst PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
\napp.listen(PORT, () => {
\n console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`);
\n});<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570
\nfunction processOrder(orderData, callback) {
\n \/\/ \u8ba2\u5355\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
\n setTimeout(() => {
\n callback({ status: 'processed', orderId: Date.now() });
\n }, 100);
\n} <\/p>\n14.6 \u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
14.6.1 \u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807<\/h6>\n
\u5173\u952e\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u6536\u96c6\u5668
\nclass RedirectMetricsCollector:
\n def __init__(self):
\n self.metrics = {
\n 'by_status_code': defaultdict(int),
\n 'by_method': defaultdict(int),
\n 'response_times': defaultdict(list),
\n 'error_codes': defaultdict(int),
\n 'redirect_chains': []
\n }<\/p>\ndef record_redirect(self, status_code, method, response_time,
\n source_url, target_url, error_code=None):
\n """\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e8b\u4ef6"""<\/p>\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5206\u5e03
\n self.metrics['by_status_code'][status_code] += 1<\/p>\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u5e03
\n self.metrics['by_method'][method] += 1<\/p>\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
\n self.metrics['response_times'][status_code].append(response_time)<\/p>\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef（\u5982\u679c\u6709）
\n if error_code:
\n self.metrics['error_codes'][error_code] += 1<\/p>\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe（\u7b80\u5316）
\n self.metrics['redirect_chains'].append({
\n 'from': source_url,
\n 'to': target_url,
\n 'status': status_code,
\n 'method': method,
\n 'timestamp': time.time()
\n })<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u8fd11000\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55
\n if len(self.metrics['redirect_chains']) > 1000:
\n self.metrics['redirect_chains'] = self.metrics['redirect_chains'][-1000:]<\/p>\ndef get_stats(self):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u7edf\u8ba1\u62a5\u544a"""<\/p>\nstats = {
\n 'total_redirects': sum(self.metrics['by_status_code'].values()),
\n 'status_code_distribution': dict(self.metrics['by_status_code']),
\n 'method_distribution': dict(self.metrics['by_method']),
\n 'avg_response_times': {},
\n 'error_summary': dict(self.metrics['error_codes'])
\n }<\/p>\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
\n for status_code, times in self.metrics['response_times'].items():
\n if times:
\n stats['avg_response_times'][status_code] = sum(times) \/ len(times)<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u6d4b\u95ee\u9898
\n stats['issues'] = self.detect_issues()<\/p>\nreturn stats<\/p>\n
def detect_issues(self):
\n """\u68c0\u6d4b\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898"""<\/p>\nissues = []<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5faa\u73af
\n chains = self.metrics['redirect_chains']
\n if len(chains) > 10:
\n # \u7b80\u5316\u5faa\u73af\u68c0\u6d4b：\u68c0\u67e5\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6e90-\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9
\n pairs = {}
\n for chain in chains:
\n pair_key = f"{chain['from']}\u2192{chain['to']}"
\n pairs[pair_key] = pairs.get(pair_key, 0) + 1<\/p>\nfor pair_key, count in pairs.items():
\n if count > 5: # \u540c\u4e00\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u591a\u6b21
\n issues.append({
\n 'type': 'possible_loop',
\n 'pair': pair_key,
\n 'count': count
\n })<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5339\u914d
\n for chain in chains[-20:]: # \u68c0\u67e5\u6700\u8fd120\u4e2a
\n if chain['status'] in [307, 308]:
\n # 307\/308\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5，\u68c0\u67e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406
\n pass<\/p>\nreturn issues <\/p>\n
14.6.2 \u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u6280\u672f<\/h6>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u8bd5：<\/p>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c
\nclass RedirectDebugger {
\n constructor() {
\n this.requests = [];
\n this.originalFetch = window.fetch;<\/p>\nthis.interceptRequests();
\n }<\/p>\ninterceptRequests() {
\n \/\/ \u62e6\u622afetch\u8bf7\u6c42
\n window.fetch = async (…args) => {
\n const startTime = Date.now();
\n const [resource, init = {}] = args;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42
\n const requestInfo = {
\n url: resource,
\n method: init.method || 'GET',
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
\n headers: { …init.headers }
\n };<\/p>\ntry {
\n const response = await this.originalFetch(…args);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u54cd\u5e94
\n requestInfo.response = {
\n status: response.status,
\n statusText: response.statusText,
\n headers: Object.fromEntries(response.headers.entries()),
\n duration: Date.now() – startTime
\n };<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if (response.redirected) {
\n requestInfo.redirected = true;
\n requestInfo.finalUrl = response.url;
\n }<\/p>\nthis.requests.push(requestInfo);
\n console.log('Redirect debug:', requestInfo);<\/p>\nreturn response;<\/p>\n
} catch (error) {
\n requestInfo.error = error.message;
\n this.requests.push(requestInfo);
\n console.error('Redirect debug error:', requestInfo);
\n throw error;
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\ngetRedirectLog() {
\n return this.requests.filter(req =>
\n req.response &&
\n (req.response.status >= 300 && req.response.status < 400) ||
\n req.redirected
\n );
\n }<\/p>\nclearLog() {
\n this.requests = [];
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nconst debugger = new RedirectDebugger();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65e5\u5fd7
\nconsole.log('Redirects:', debugger.getRedirectLog()); <\/p>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528curl\u6d4b\u8bd5307\/308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n
# 1. \u6d4b\u8bd5GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684307\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\ncurl -v -L http:\/\/example.com\/redirect-307<\/p>\n# 2. \u6d4b\u8bd5POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684307\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5）
\ncurl -v -L -X POST -d '{"test":"data"}' \\\\
\n -H "Content-Type: application\/json" \\\\
\n http:\/\/example.com\/redirect-307<\/p>\n# 3. \u6d4b\u8bd5308\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\ncurl -v -L http:\/\/example.com\/redirect-308<\/p>\n# 4. \u6d4b\u8bd5POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684308\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\ncurl -v -L -X POST -d '{"test":"data"}' \\\\
\n -H "Content-Type: application\/json" \\\\
\n http:\/\/example.com\/redirect-308<\/p>\n# 5. \u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u67e5\u770b\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001）
\ncurl -v -i –post301 –post302 –post303 \\\\
\n -X POST -d 'data' http:\/\/example.com\/redirect<\/p>\n# 6. \u4f7f\u7528wget\u6d4b\u8bd5
\nwget –method=POST –body-data='test=data' \\\\
\n –header='Content-Type: application\/x-www-form-urlencoded' \\\\
\n –server-response http:\/\/example.com\/redirect-307 <\/p>\n14.6.3 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h6>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801：
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260228233641-69a37c09ade7f.png\")
<\/p>\n\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
def safe_redirect_url(url, request):
\n """\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411URL\u9a8c\u8bc1"""<\/p>\n# \u89e3\u6790URL
\n parsed = urlparse(url)<\/p>\n# 1. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae
\n allowed_schemes = ['http', 'https', '']
\n if parsed.scheme not in allowed_schemes:
\n raise ValueError(f"Invalid scheme: {parsed.scheme}")<\/p>\n# 2. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u57df\u540d
\n allowed_domains = ['example.com', 'trusted.com']
\n if parsed.netloc:
\n domain = parsed.netloc.split(':')[0]
\n if domain not in allowed_domains:
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u5b50\u57df\u540d
\n current_domain = request.get_host().split(':')[0]
\n if not domain.endswith('.' + current_domain):
\n raise ValueError(f"Untrusted domain: {domain}")<\/p>\n# 3. \u9632\u6b62\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n if parsed.path and '\/\/' in parsed.path:
\n raise ValueError("Invalid path")<\/p>\n# 4. \u6784\u5efa\u5b89\u5168URL
\n safe_url = urlunparse((
\n parsed.scheme or 'https',
\n parsed.netloc or request.get_host(),
\n parsed.path,
\n parsed.params,
\n parsed.query,
\n parsed.fragment
\n ))<\/p>\nreturn safe_url <\/li>\n
- \n
HTTPS\u5f3a\u5236：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u603b\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230HTTPS，\u4f7f\u7528308\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name api.example.com;<\/p>\nlocation \/ {
\n return 308 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;
\n }
\n} <\/li>\n- \n
\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u8bbe\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 308 Permanent Redirect
\nLocation: https:\/\/example.com\/new-path
\nContent-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'
\nX-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
\nX-Frame-Options: DENY
\nReferrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
\nX-Redirect-By: MyApp\/1.0 <\/li>\n\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u4e0d\u4f73：\u591a\u91cd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nlocation \/old {
\n return 308 \/intermediate;
\n}<\/p>\nlocation \/intermediate {
\n return 308 \/new;
\n}<\/p>\n# \u4f18\u5316：\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nlocation \/old {
\n return 308 \/new;
\n} <\/li>\n- \n
\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528：<\/p>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# \u786e\u4fdd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\u4e0b，\u590d\u7528\u8fde\u63a5
\nlocation \/api\/v1\/ {
\n return 308 https:\/\/$server_name\/api\/v2\/$1;
\n} <\/li>\n- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u5bf9308\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7f13\u5b58
\nHTTP\/1.1 308 Permanent Redirect
\nLocation: \/new-location
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=31536000 # 1\u5e74<\/p>\n# \u5bf9307\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58
\nHTTP\/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
\nLocation: \/temp-location
\nCache-Control: no-cache, no-store <\/li>\n\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# \u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b
\nalerts:
\n high_redirect_rate:
\n condition: rate(redirects_total[5m]) > 1000
\n severity: warning
\n message: "\u9ad8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7387\u68c0\u6d4b"<\/p>\nredirect_errors:
\n condition: rate(redirect_errors_total[5m]) > 10
\n severity: critical
\n message: "\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u8fc7\u9ad8"<\/p>\nlong_redirect_chains:
\n condition: avg(redirect_chain_length) > 3
\n severity: warning
\n message: "\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u8fc7\u957f\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd"<\/p>\nmethod_changes:
\n condition: rate(method_change_events[5m]) > 50
\n severity: warning
\n message: "HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u66f4\u9891\u7e41，\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cdAPI\u529f\u80fd" <\/p>\n
\n\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
HTTP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u78013xx\u662fWeb\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u6bcf\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u7528\u9014：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
301 Moved Permanently：\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u9002\u5408\u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u6784\u3001\u57df\u540d\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b49\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u53d8\u66f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
302 Found：\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u4f20\u7edf\u4f46\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u7cca，\u9002\u5408A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u9875\u9762\u7b49\u4e34\u65f6\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
303 See Other：\u660e\u786e\u8f6c\u4e3aGET\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u9002\u5408POST\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u9875<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
304 Not Modified：\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236，\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
307 Temporary Redirect：\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5，\u89e3\u51b3302\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027，\u9002\u5408API\u4e34\u65f6\u8fc1\u79fb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
308 Permanent Redirect：\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5，\u89e3\u51b3301\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027，\u9002\u5408API\u7248\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u660e\u786e\u610f\u56fe：\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b89\u5168：\u5bf9API\u548c\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u4f7f\u7528307\/308\u786e\u4fdd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316：\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6，\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651：\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807，\u9632\u6b62\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u76d1\u63a7\u7ef4\u62a4：\u5efa\u7acb\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66，\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u7b2c15\u7ae0：\u5176\u4ed63xx\u72b6\u6001\u7801（300\u3001303\u3001305\u3001306）\u4e07\u5b57\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n
15.1 300 Multiple Choices（\u591a\u79cd\u9009\u62e9）<\/h3>\n
15.1.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bed\u4e49<\/h4>\n
300 Multiple Choices\u00a0\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5217\u8868，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406（\u5982\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668）\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
15.1.2 \u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
HTTP\/1.0：300\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u9996\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49，\u4f46\u89c4\u8303\u8f83\u4e3a\u6a21\u7cca<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
RFC 1945（1996）：\u521d\u6b65\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
RFC 2616（1999）：HTTP\/1.1\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
RFC 7231（2014）：\u5f53\u524d\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49，\u8bed\u4e49\u6709\u6240\u8c03\u6574<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
15.1.3 \u6280\u672f\u89c4\u8303<\/h4>\n
\u72b6\u6001\u884c<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 300 Multiple Choices <\/p>\n
\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h5>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Location：\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u9996\u9009\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53：\u5305\u542b\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868（\u901a\u5e38\u662fHTML\u683c\u5f0f）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h5>\n
- \n
- \n
Content-Type：\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Content-Language：\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Vary：\u6307\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u636e\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u9009\u62e9\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
15.1.4 \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/h5>\n
- \n
\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934（\u5982Accept\u3001Accept-Language）\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8fd4\u56de300\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a<\/h5>\n
- \n
\u63a5\u6536300\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u89e3\u6790\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7528\u6237\u6216\u81ea\u52a8\u903b\u8f91\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5411\u9009\u62e9\u7684URI\u53d1\u9001\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
15.1.5 \u8be6\u7ec6\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
\u573a\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0<\/h5>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8d44\u6e90，\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c：\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684Accept-Language\u5934\u786e\u5b9a\u9996\u9009\u8bed\u8a00（\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u8be5\u5934）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6c42\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/document HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: example.com
\nUser-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0
\nAccept: text\/html <\/p>\n\u54cd\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 300 Multiple Choices
\nDate: Mon, 15 Jan 2024 12:00:00 GMT
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8
\nContent-Language: en
\nVary: Accept-Language<\/p>\n<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html lang="en">
\n<head>
\n <title>Multiple Representations Available<\/title>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <h1>Available Representations<\/h1>
\n <p>The resource you requested is available in multiple languages:<\/p>
\n <ul>
\n <li><a href="\/document\/en">English version<\/a><\/li>
\n <li><a href="\/document\/fr">French version<\/a><\/li>
\n <li><a href="\/document\/es">Spanish version<\/a><\/li>
\n <\/ul>
\n <p>Please select one of the options above.<\/p>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html> <\/p>\n\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793a\u4f8b（\u5305\u542b\u5a92\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u9009\u62e9）<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 300 Multiple Choices
\nDate: Mon, 15 Jan 2024 12:00:00 GMT
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\nVary: Accept<\/p>\n{
\n "message": "Multiple representations available",
\n "choices": [
\n {
\n "uri": "\/resource\/document.pdf",
\n "content_type": "application\/pdf",
\n "description": "PDF document (formatted)",
\n "size": "245KB"
\n },
\n {
\n "uri": "\/resource\/document.html",
\n "content_type": "text\/html",
\n "description": "HTML version (web view)",
\n "size": "45KB"
\n },
\n {
\n "uri": "\/resource\/document.json",
\n "content_type": "application\/json",
\n "description": "JSON data (structured)",
\n "size": "32KB"
\n }
\n ],
\n "default": "\/resource\/document.html"
\n} <\/p>\n15.1.6 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n
- \n
\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\u5931\u8d25\u65f6：\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6839\u636eAccept*\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u591a\u683c\u5f0f\u8d44\u6e90：\u8d44\u6e90\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9bPDF\u3001HTML\u3001JSON\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u5bb9：\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c，\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8bbe\u5907\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9：\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u684c\u9762\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u5e73\u677f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
- \n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762：\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56deHTML，\u786e\u4fdd\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5305\u542b\u5143\u6570\u636e：\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u9879：\u5982\u679c\u6709\u63a8\u8350\u9009\u9879，\u901a\u8fc7Location\u5934\u6216\u6807\u8bb0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9879<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u8003\u8651：\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e94\u7f13\u5b58300\u54cd\u5e94，\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f83\u77ed\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
SEO\u4f18\u5316：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce，\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5（\u5982hreflang）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h5>\n
- \n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f7f\u7528（\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528301\/302\/303）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u66ff\u4ee3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\u4ecd\u8fd4\u56de300<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
15.1.7 \u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
Python Flask\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, make_response<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/document')
\ndef get_document():
\n accept_language = request.headers.get('Accept-Language', '')<\/p>\n# \u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u504f\u597d
\n if 'en' in accept_language:
\n return redirect_to('\/document\/en')
\n elif 'fr' in accept_language:
\n return redirect_to('\/document\/fr')
\n elif 'es' in accept_language:
\n return redirect_to('\/document\/es')
\n else:
\n # \u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a，\u8fd4\u56de\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868
\n response = make_response('''
\n <html>
\n <body>
\n <h1>Select Language<\/h1>
\n <ul>
\n <li><a href="\/document\/en">English<\/a><\/li>
\n <li><a href="\/document\/fr">French<\/a><\/li>
\n <li><a href="\/document\/es">Spanish<\/a><\/li>
\n <\/ul>
\n <\/body>
\n <\/html>
\n ''')
\n response.status_code = 300
\n response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text\/html'
\n return response<\/p>\ndef redirect_to(url):
\n from flask import redirect
\n return redirect(url, code=302) <\/p>\nNode.js Express\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
const express = require('express');
\nconst app = express();<\/p>\napp.get('\/api\/data', (req, res) => {
\n const acceptHeader = req.headers.accept || '';<\/p>\nconst representations = [
\n {
\n url: '\/api\/data.json',
\n type: 'application\/json',
\n description: 'JSON representation'
\n },
\n {
\n url: '\/api\/data.xml',
\n type: 'application\/xml',
\n description: 'XML representation'
\n },
\n {
\n url: '\/api\/data.csv',
\n type: 'text\/csv',
\n description: 'CSV representation'
\n }
\n ];<\/p>\n\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7JSON
\n if (acceptHeader.includes('application\/json')) {
\n res.redirect('\/api\/data.json');
\n }
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7XML
\n else if (acceptHeader.includes('application\/xml')) {
\n res.redirect('\/api\/data.xml');
\n }
\n \/\/ \u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a，\u8fd4\u56de300
\n else {
\n res.status(300);
\n res.set('Content-Type', 'application\/json');
\n res.json({
\n message: 'Multiple representations available',
\n choices: representations,
\n default: '\/api\/data.json'
\n });
\n }
\n}); <\/p>\n15.1.8 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c06300\u54cd\u5e94\u89c6\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u60c5\u51b5：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u663e\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684HTML\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u9664\u975e\u6709Location\u5934）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
API\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
API\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u80fd\u89e3\u6790300\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
def handle_300_response(response):
\n if response.status_code == 300:
\n content_type = response.headers.get('Content-Type', '')<\/p>\nif 'application\/json' in content_type:
\n data = response.json()
\n # \u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u9879\u6216\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879
\n if 'default' in data:
\n return requests.get(data['default'])
\n elif 'choices' in data and len(data['choices']) > 0:
\n return requests.get(data['choices'][0]['uri'])
\n elif 'text\/html' in content_type:
\n # \u5bf9\u4e8eHTML，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92
\n # \u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u9009\u62e9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5
\n import re
\n links = re.findall(r'href="([^"]+)"', response.text)
\n if links:
\n return requests.get(links[0])<\/p>\nreturn response<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nresponse = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com\/document')
\nif response.status_code == 300:
\n response = handle_300_response(response) <\/p>\n15.1.9 \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a<\/h4>\n
300\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58：\u9664\u975e\u660e\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u952e：\u5e94\u8003\u8651Vary\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5efa\u8bae：\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6eCache-Control: no-cache\u6216\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5e74\u9f84<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 300 Multiple Choices
\nCache-Control: max-age=3600, public
\nVary: Accept, Accept-Language <\/p>\n15.1.10 \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651<\/h4>\n
- \n
\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732：\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u66b4\u9732\u5185\u90e8URL\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5b89\u5168：\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u6307\u5411\u53ef\u4fe1\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
CSRF\u4fdd\u62a4：\u5982\u679c\u6d89\u53ca\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c，\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u70b9\u51fb\u52ab\u6301：\u786e\u4fdd\u9009\u62e9\u9875\u9762\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684X-Frame-Options<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
15.1.11 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h4>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027300 Multiple Choices302 Found303 See Other<\/tr>\n \n\n \u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n \u5426（\u901a\u5e38）<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u6539\u53d8\u4e3aGET<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u4e3aGET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f13\u5b58\u6027<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/td>\n \u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n POST\u540e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 15.1.12 \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
\u6848\u4f8b1：REST API\u7248\u672c\u534f\u5546<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/api\/users HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: api.example.com
\nAccept: application\/vnd.example.user+json <\/p>\nhttp<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 300 Multiple Choices
\nContent-Type: application\/json<\/p>\n{
\n "error": "API version not specified",
\n "available_versions": [
\n {
\n "version": "1.0",
\n "url": "\/api\/v1.0\/users",
\n "status": "stable"
\n },
\n {
\n "version": "2.0",
\n "url": "\/api\/v2.0\/users",
\n "status": "beta"
\n },
\n {
\n "version": "3.0-alpha",
\n "url": "\/api\/v3.0\/users",
\n "status": "alpha"
\n }
\n ],
\n "documentation": "https:\/\/api.example.com\/versions"
\n} <\/p>\n\u6848\u4f8b2：\u591a\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u6863\u670d\u52a1<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
GET \/reports\/annual-2023 HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: docs.company.com <\/p>\nhttp<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 300 Multiple Choices
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8<\/p>\n<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html>
\n<head>
\n <title>Annual Report 2023 – Available Formats<\/title>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <h1>Annual Report 2023<\/h1>
\n <p>Available in multiple formats:<\/p>
\n <div class="format-options">
\n <div class="option">
\n <h2><a href="\/reports\/annual-2023.pdf">PDF Version<\/a><\/h2>
\n <p>High-quality printable document (15MB)<\/p>
\n <p><small>Includes charts and high-resolution images<\/small><\/p>
\n <\/div>
\n <div class="option">
\n <h2><a href="\/reports\/annual-2023.html">Web Version<\/a><\/h2>
\n <p>Accessible HTML version (1.2MB)<\/p>
\n <p><small>Optimized for screen readers and mobile devices<\/small><\/p>
\n <\/div>
\n <div class="option">
\n <h2><a href="\/reports\/annual-2023.txt">Plain Text<\/a><\/h2>
\n <p>Text-only version (450KB)<\/p>
\n <p><small>Minimal formatting, fastest download<\/small><\/p>
\n <\/div>
\n <\/div>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html> <\/p>\n
\n15.2 303 See Other（\u53c2\u89c1\u5176\u4ed6）<\/h3>\n
15.2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bed\u4e49<\/h4>\n
303 See Other\u00a0\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90，\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684URI，\u5e76\u4e14\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528GET\u65b9\u6cd5（\u65e0\u8bba\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5）\u8bf7\u6c42\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
15.2.2 \u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684<\/h4>\n
303\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u5728HTTP\/1.1\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684，\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u51b3302\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u6a21\u7cca\u6027：<\/p>\n
- \n
HTTP\/1.0\u4e2d\u7684302\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
302\u6700\u521d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a"Temporary Redirect"<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d，\u6709\u4e9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u65b9\u6cd5，\u6709\u4e9b\u6539\u4e3aGET<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
HTTP\/1.1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
302\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a"Found"，\u8bed\u4e49\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u4f46\u6a21\u7cca<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5f15\u5165303，\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528GET\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5f15\u5165307，\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
15.2.3 \u6280\u672f\u89c4\u8303<\/h4>\n
\u72b6\u6001\u884c<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 303 See Other <\/p>\n
\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h5>\n
- \n
- \n
Location：\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b，\u6307\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b0URI<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h5>\n
- \n
- \n
Content-Type：\u5982\u679c\u5305\u542b\u54cd\u5e94\u5b9e\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Cache-Control：\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
15.2.4 \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027<\/h4>\n
1. \u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u66f4<\/h5>\n
- \n
- \n
\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42：\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5（POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8bf7\u6c42：\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528GET\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. \u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h5>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406（\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668）\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u65e0\u9700\u7528\u6237\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58\u6027<\/h5>\n
303\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58，\u9664\u975e\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
15.2.5 \u8be6\u7ec6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n
\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u7528\u6237\u586b\u5199\u8868\u5355 \u2192 POST\u63d0\u4ea4 \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406 \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de303 \u2192 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668GET\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 \u2192 \u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u9875\u9762 <\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u5e8f\u5217<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
1. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668: POST \/submit-form
\n Content-Type: application\/x-www-form-urlencoded<\/p>\nname=John&email=john@example.com<\/p>\n
2. \u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2192 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef: HTTP\/1.1 303 See Other
\n Location: \/success-page
\n Content-Type: text\/html<\/p>\n<html>…<\/html><\/p>\n
3. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668: GET \/success-page<\/p>\n
4. \u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2192 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef: HTTP\/1.1 200 OK
\n Content-Type: text\/html<\/p>\n<html>Thank you for your submission!<\/html> <\/p>\n
15.2.6 \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
\u793a\u4f8b1：\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u518c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Flask\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, redirect, url_for, session<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)
\napp.secret_key = 'your-secret-key'<\/p>\n@app.route('\/register', methods=['POST'])
\ndef register_user():
\n # \u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u518c
\n username = request.form['username']
\n email = request.form['email']
\n password = request.form['password']<\/p>\n# \u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n user_id = save_user_to_database(username, email, password)<\/p>\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f1a\u8bdd
\n session['user_id'] = user_id
\n session['username'] = username<\/p>\n# \u4f7f\u7528303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6b22\u8fce\u9875\u9762
\n return redirect(url_for('welcome'), code=303)<\/p>\n@app.route('\/welcome')
\ndef welcome():
\n if 'user_id' not in session:
\n return redirect(url_for('login'))<\/p>\nreturn f'''
\n <html>
\n <head><title>Welcome<\/title><\/head>
\n <body>
\n <h1>Welcome, {session['username']}!<\/h1>
\n <p>Your registration was successful.<\/p>
\n <\/body>
\n <\/html>
\n ''' <\/p>\n\u793a\u4f8b2：\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Node.js Express\u793a\u4f8b
\nconst express = require('express');
\nconst multer = require('multer');
\nconst app = express();<\/p>\nconst upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads\/' });<\/p>\n
app.post('\/upload', upload.single('file'), (req, res) => {
\n if (!req.file) {
\n return res.status(400).send('No file uploaded');
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49）
\n const fileInfo = {
\n filename: req.file.originalname,
\n size: req.file.size,
\n mimetype: req.file.mimetype,
\n uploadedAt: new Date()
\n };<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f
\n saveFileInfo(fileInfo);<\/p>\n\/\/ 303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u60c5\u9875\u9762
\n res.redirect(303, `\/files\/${req.file.filename}`);
\n});<\/p>\napp.get('\/files\/:filename', (req, res) => {
\n const fileInfo = getFileInfo(req.params.filename);<\/p>\nres.send(`
\n <h1>File Uploaded Successfully<\/h1>
\n <p><strong>Name:<\/strong> ${fileInfo.filename}<\/p>
\n <p><strong>Size:<\/strong> ${fileInfo.size} bytes<\/p>
\n <p><strong>Type:<\/strong> ${fileInfo.mimetype}<\/p>
\n <p><strong>Uploaded:<\/strong> ${fileInfo.uploadedAt}<\/p>
\n `);
\n}); <\/p>\n15.2.7 \u4e0ePOST\/\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\/GET\u6a21\u5f0f（PRG\u6a21\u5f0f）<\/h4>\n
PRG\u6a21\u5f0f\u6982\u8ff0<\/h5>\n
POST\/Redirect\/GET\u662f\u4e00\u79cdWeb\u5f00\u53d1\u6a21\u5f0f，\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u8868\u5355\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4：<\/p>\n
- \n
POST：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Redirect：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u901a\u5e38303）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
GET：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
PRG\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h5>\n
- \n
\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4：\u5237\u65b0GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e66\u7b7e\u53cb\u597d：\u7ed3\u679c\u9875\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e66\u7b7e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u53cb\u597d：\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u800c\u4e0d\u89e6\u53d1\u8b66\u544a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6e05\u6670\u7684URL：\u7ed3\u679c\u9875\u9762\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684URL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
PRG\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom django.shortcuts import render, redirect
\nfrom django.views.decorators.http import require_POST<\/p>\n@require_POST
\ndef process_order(request):
\n # \u5904\u7406\u8ba2\u5355\u903b\u8f91
\n order_id = create_order(request.POST)<\/p>\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u95ea\u5b58\u6d88\u606f
\n from django.contrib import messages
\n messages.success(request, 'Order placed successfully!')<\/p>\n# 303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u8ba2\u5355\u786e\u8ba4\u9875\u9762
\n return redirect('order_confirmation', order_id=order_id)<\/p>\ndef order_confirmation(request, order_id):
\n # \u83b7\u53d6\u8ba2\u5355\u4fe1\u606f
\n order = get_order(order_id)<\/p>\n# \u663e\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u9875\u9762
\n return render(request, 'orders\/confirmation.html', {
\n 'order': order
\n }) <\/p>\n15.2.8 \u4e0e302\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027303 See Other302 Found<\/tr>\n \n\n HTTP\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.1\u5f15\u5165<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.0\u5df2\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u4e3aGET<\/td>\n \u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u4e3aGET（\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u8bed\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6<\/td>\n \u660e\u786e<\/td>\n \u6a21\u7cca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/td>\n POST\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 15.2.9 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/h5>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9303\u7684\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u968fLocation\u5934\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528GET\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0URL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e0d\u643a\u5e26\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6b63\u6587<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u53ef\u80fd\u643a\u5e26\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5934（\u5982Referer）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
JavaScript Fetch API\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528Fetch API\u5904\u7406303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nasync function submitForm(formData) {
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/submit', {
\n method: 'POST',
\n body: formData,
\n redirect: 'follow' \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u968f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6ce8\u610f：\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86redirect: 'follow'
\n \/\/ \u6700\u7ec8\u7684response\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u540e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94
\n const result = await response.text();
\n console.log('Result:', result);<\/p>\n} catch (error) {
\n console.error('Error:', error);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\nasync function submitFormManual(formData) {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/submit', {
\n method: 'POST',
\n body: formData,
\n redirect: 'manual' \/\/ \u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u968f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n });<\/p>\nif (response.status === 303) {
\n const redirectUrl = response.headers.get('Location');
\n \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884cGET\u8bf7\u6c42
\n const getResponse = await fetch(redirectUrl);
\n const result = await getResponse.json();
\n return result;
\n }<\/p>\nreturn await response.json();
\n} <\/p>\n15.2.10 \u7f13\u5b58\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n
303\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7f13\u5b58\u5934：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 303 See Other
\nLocation: \/new-location
\nCache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
\nPragma: no-cache
\nExpires: 0 <\/p>\n\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u7f13\u5b58（\u7f55\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5）：<\/p>\n
http<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 303 See Other
\nLocation: \/new-location
\nCache-Control: public, max-age=3600
\nVary: Cookie, Authorization <\/p>\n15.2.11 \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651<\/h4>\n
1. \u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u98ce\u9669<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 – \u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9493\u9c7c\u653b\u51fb
\n@app.route('\/redirect')
\ndef unsafe_redirect():
\n target = request.args.get('url')
\n # \u5371\u9669：\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684URL
\n return redirect(target, code=303)<\/p>\n# \u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0
\n@app.route('\/safe-redirect')
\ndef safe_redirect():
\n target = request.args.get('url')<\/p>\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u76ee\u6807URL\u662f\u5426\u5728\u767d\u540d\u5355\u5185
\n allowed_domains = ['example.com', 'trusted-site.org']<\/p>\nfrom urllib.parse import urlparse
\n parsed_url = urlparse(target)<\/p>\nif parsed_url.netloc in allowed_domains:
\n return redirect(target, code=303)
\n else:
\n return redirect('\/default-safe-page', code=303) <\/p>\n2. CSRF\u4fdd\u62a4<\/h5>\n
\u4f7f\u7528303\u65f6\u4ecd\u9700\u8003\u8651CSRF\u9632\u62a4：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django\u793a\u4f8b – \u7ed3\u5408CSRF\u4fdd\u62a4
\nfrom django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect<\/p>\n@csrf_protect
\ndef process_payment(request):
\n if request.method == 'POST':
\n # \u9a8c\u8bc1CSRF\u4ee4\u724c
\n # \u5904\u7406\u652f\u4ed8
\n payment_id = process_payment_transaction(request.POST)<\/p>\n# 303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6536\u636e\u9875\u9762
\n return redirect(f'\/receipt\/{payment_id}', code=303)<\/p>\nreturn render(request, 'payment_form.html') <\/p>\n
15.2.12 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n
- \n
\u59cb\u7ec8\u7528\u4e8ePOST\u540e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411：\u786e\u4fdd\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u5237\u65b0\u800c\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5934：\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u4e3ano-cache<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807：\u9632\u6b62\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684Location URL：\u7ed3\u679c\u9875\u9762\u5e94\u53cd\u6620\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8003\u8651\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5728\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u524d\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u95ea\u5b58\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u786e\u4fdd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u5feb\u901f\u52a0\u8f7d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e3aJavaScript\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b：\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u8ba2\u5355\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Flask\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, redirect, url_for, flash, session
\nfrom flask.views import MethodView<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)
\napp.secret_key = 'your-secret-key-here'<\/p>\nclass CheckoutView(MethodView):
\n def get(self):
\n """\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u8d26\u9875\u9762"""
\n cart = session.get('cart', [])
\n total = sum(item['price'] * item['quantity'] for item in cart)<\/p>\nreturn f'''
\n <h1>Checkout<\/h1>
\n <p>Total: ${total:.2f}<\/p>
\n <form method="post">
\n <input type="text" name="card_number" placeholder="Card Number" required>
\n <input type="text" name="expiry" placeholder="MM\/YY" required>
\n <input type="text" name="cvc" placeholder="CVC" required>
\n <button type="submit">Place Order<\/button>
\n <\/form>
\n '''<\/p>\ndef post(self):
\n """\u5904\u7406\u8ba2\u5355\u5e76\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411"""
\n # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u652f\u4ed8\u4fe1\u606f
\n card_number = request.form.get('card_number')
\n expiry = request.form.get('expiry')
\n cvc = request.form.get('cvc')<\/p>\nif not validate_payment(card_number, expiry, cvc):
\n flash('Invalid payment information', 'error')
\n return redirect(url_for('checkout'))<\/p>\n# \u521b\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355
\n cart = session.get('cart', [])
\n order_id = create_order(cart, request.form)<\/p>\n# \u6e05\u7a7a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66
\n session.pop('cart', None)<\/p>\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u529f\u6d88\u606f
\n flash('Order placed successfully!', 'success')<\/p>\n# 303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u8ba2\u5355\u786e\u8ba4\u9875\u9762
\n return redirect(url_for('order_confirmation', order_id=order_id), code=303)<\/p>\nclass OrderConfirmationView(MethodView):
\n def get(self, order_id):
\n """\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u5355\u786e\u8ba4\u9875\u9762"""
\n order = get_order(order_id)<\/p>\nreturn f'''
\n <h1>Order Confirmation<\/h1>
\n <p>Order ID: {order['id']}<\/p>
\n <p>Status: {order['status']}<\/p>
\n <p>Total: ${order['total']:.2f}<\/p>
\n <a href="\/">Continue Shopping<\/a>
\n '''<\/p>\n# \u6ce8\u518c\u8def\u7531
\napp.add_url_rule('\/checkout', view_func=CheckoutView.as_view('checkout'))
\napp.add_url_rule('\/order\/<order_id>', view_func=OrderConfirmationView.as_view('order_confirmation')) <\/p>\n
\n15.3 305 Use Proxy（\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406）<\/h3>\n
15.3.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bed\u4e49<\/h4>\n
305 Use Proxy\u00a0\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u7684Location\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
15.3.2 \u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5f15\u5165：\u5728HTTP\/1.1\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5e9f\u5f03：\u7531\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651，\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a"\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03"<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u73b0\u72b6：\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
15.3.3 \u5e9f\u5f03\u539f\u56e0<\/h4>\n
- \n
\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ee3\u7406\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u914d\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u96be\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce（\u5982PAC\u6587\u4ef6\u3001WPAD）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
15.3.4 \u6280\u672f\u89c4\u8303<\/h4>\n
\u72b6\u6001\u884c<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 305 Use Proxy <\/p>\n
\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h5>\n
- \n
- \n
Location：\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u4ee3\u7406\u7684URI<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u54cd\u5e94\u5b9e\u4f53<\/h5>\n
\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u6d88\u606f，\u89e3\u91ca\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n
15.3.5 \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n
\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668: GET \/resource
\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2192 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef: 305 Use Proxy
\n Location: http:\/\/proxy.example.com:8080
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u4ee3\u7406: GET http:\/\/proxy.example.com:8080\/resource
\n\u4ee3\u7406 \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668: GET \/resource
\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2192 \u4ee3\u7406: 200 OK
\n\u4ee3\u7406 \u2192 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef: 200 OK <\/p>\n\u793a\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0（\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a）
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, make_response<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/restricted-resource')
\ndef get_restricted_resource():
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u4e2d
\n client_ip = request.remote_addr<\/p>\nif client_ip not in ALLOWED_DIRECT_IPS:
\n # \u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee
\n response = make_response('''
\n <html>
\n <head><title>Use Proxy Required<\/title><\/head>
\n <body>
\n <h1>Proxy Required<\/h1>
\n <p>This resource must be accessed through the corporate proxy.<\/p>
\n <p>Proxy URL: http:\/\/proxy.corporate.com:3128<\/p>
\n <\/body>
\n <\/html>
\n ''')
\n response.status_code = 305
\n response.headers['Location'] = 'http:\/\/proxy.corporate.com:3128'
\n return response<\/p>\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5141\u8bb8
\n return 'Restricted resource content' <\/p>\n15.3.6 \u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n
1. \u4ee3\u7406\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e（PAC）<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ proxy.pac \u6587\u4ef6
\nfunction FindProxyForURL(url, host) {
\n \/\/ \u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406
\n if (shExpMatch(host, "*.internal.company.com")) {
\n return "PROXY proxy.internal.company.com:8080";
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5
\n return "DIRECT";
\n} <\/p>\n2. Web\u4ee3\u7406\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u534f\u8bae（WPAD）<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
# DHCP\u6216DNS\u914d\u7f6e
\noption wpad code 252 = text;
\noption wpad "http:\/\/config.company.com\/wpad.dat"; <\/p>\n3. \u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/h5>\n
- \n
- \n
\u7ec4\u7b56\u7565（Windows）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406（MDM）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93（CMDB）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
15.3.7 \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669<\/h4>\n
\u6f5c\u5728\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u6076\u610f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7406
\n@app.route('\/malicious')
\ndef malicious_redirect():
\n response = make_response()
\n response.status_code = 305
\n # \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4ee3\u7406
\n response.headers['Location'] = 'http:\/\/evil-proxy.com:8080'
\n return response <\/p>\n\u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9632\u62a4\u793a\u4f8b
\nimport requests
\nfrom urllib.parse import urlparse<\/p>\nclass SafeHTTPClient:
\n def __init__(self):
\n self.allowed_proxies = [
\n 'proxy.company.com',
\n 'backup-proxy.company.com'
\n ]<\/p>\ndef request(self, method, url, **kwargs):
\n response = requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5305\u54cd\u5e94
\n if response.status_code == 305:
\n proxy_url = response.headers.get('Location')<\/p>\nif proxy_url:
\n parsed = urlparse(proxy_url)
\n proxy_host = parsed.hostname<\/p>\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7406\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4fe1
\n if proxy_host in self.allowed_proxies:
\n # \u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4fe1\u4ee3\u7406\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42
\n proxies = {
\n 'http': proxy_url,
\n 'https': proxy_url
\n }
\n return requests.request(method, url, proxies=proxies, **kwargs)
\n else:
\n raise SecurityError(f'Untrusted proxy: {proxy_host}')<\/p>\nreturn response <\/p>\n
15.3.8 \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b（\u5386\u53f2）<\/h4>\n
\u6848\u4f8b1：\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
# 2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e
\n# \u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e
\n<VirtualHost *:80>
\n ServerName internal-app.company.com
\n # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee
\n RewriteEngine On
\n RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^10\\\\.10\\\\.1\\\\.100$ # \u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP
\n RewriteRule ^ – [R=305]
\n Header always set Location "http:\/\/corporate-proxy:3128"
\n<\/VirtualHost> <\/p>\n\u6848\u4f8b2：\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
# \u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee
\n# \u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u6821\u56ed\u4ee3\u7406\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed8\u8d39\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n# Apache\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b
\n<Location "\/research-databases">
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP
\n SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "^131\\\\.104\\\\." on_campus
\n Order deny,allow
\n Deny from all
\n Allow from env=on_campus<\/p>\n# \u4e0d\u5728\u6821\u56ed\u7f51\u7edc，\u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u7406
\n ErrorDocument 305 "Please use the campus proxy: http:\/\/library-proxy.university.edu:8080"
\n<\/Location> <\/p>\n15.3.9 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/h5>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u5ffd\u7565305\u54cd\u5e94：\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762：\u5c06305\u89c6\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4e0d\u8ddf\u968fLocation\u5934：\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n
java<\/p>\n
\/\/ Java HttpClient\u793a\u4f8b（\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406305）
\nimport java.net.http.*;
\nimport java.net.URI;<\/p>\npublic class CustomHttpClient {
\n private final HttpClient client;
\n private final List<String> trustedProxies;<\/p>\npublic CustomHttpClient() {
\n this.client = HttpClient.newBuilder()
\n .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.NEVER) \/\/ \u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
\n .build();<\/p>\nthis.trustedProxies = List.of(
\n "proxy.company.com",
\n "backup.company.com"
\n );
\n }<\/p>\npublic HttpResponse<String> sendRequest(HttpRequest request)
\n throws Exception {<\/p>\nHttpResponse<String> response = client.send(
\n request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()
\n );<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5904\u7406305\u54cd\u5e94
\n if (response.statusCode() == 305) {
\n Optional<String> proxyLocation = response.headers()
\n .firstValue("Location");<\/p>\nif (proxyLocation.isPresent()) {
\n URI proxyUri = URI.create(proxyLocation.get());
\n String proxyHost = proxyUri.getHost();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7406
\n if (isTrustedProxy(proxyHost)) {
\n \/\/ \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42
\n HttpClient proxyClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
\n .proxy(ProxySelector.of(
\n new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyUri.getPort())
\n ))
\n .build();<\/p>\nreturn proxyClient.send(request,
\n HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
\n } else {
\n throw new SecurityException(
\n "Untrusted proxy: " + proxyHost);
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nreturn response;
\n }<\/p>\nprivate boolean isTrustedProxy(String hostname) {
\n return trustedProxies.contains(hostname);
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n15.3.10 \u66ff\u4ee3305\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n
\u65b9\u68481：HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801307\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u5934<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94
\nHTTP\/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
\nLocation: https:\/\/api.company.com\/v2\/resource
\nProxy-Authenticate: Basic realm="Corporate Proxy"
\nX-Proxy-Required: true
\nX-Proxy-Server: proxy.company.com:3128 <\/p>\n\u65b9\u68482：\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h5>\n
http<\/p>\n
# API\u54cd\u5e94
\nHTTP\/1.1 403 Forbidden
\nContent-Type: application\/json<\/p>\n{
\n "error": "proxy_required",
\n "message": "Access through corporate proxy required",
\n "proxy_configuration": {
\n "http": "http:\/\/proxy.company.com:3128",
\n "https": "http:\/\/proxy.company.com:3128",
\n "no_proxy": "localhost,127.0.0.1,.internal"
\n },
\n "documentation": "https:\/\/wiki.company.com\/proxy-setup"
\n} <\/p>\n\u65b9\u68483：\u914d\u7f6e\u53d1\u73b0\u670d\u52a1<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u53d1\u73b0API
\n@app.route('\/api\/proxy-config')
\ndef get_proxy_config():
\n client_ip = request.remote_addr
\n network = identify_network(client_ip)<\/p>\nif network == 'corporate':
\n return jsonify({
\n 'proxy_required': False,
\n 'direct_access': True
\n })
\n elif network == 'partner':
\n return jsonify({
\n 'proxy_required': True,
\n 'proxy_server': 'partner-gateway.company.com:8080',
\n 'authentication': 'basic',
\n 'credentials_required': True
\n })
\n else:
\n return jsonify({
\n 'proxy_required': True,
\n 'proxy_server': 'external-gateway.company.com:3128',
\n 'authentication': 'certificate',
\n 'certificate_url': '\/api\/client-certificate'
\n }) <\/p>\n15.3.11 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5（\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528）<\/h4>\n
\u867d\u7136305\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03，\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d7\u9650\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u9700\u8981：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7406：<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1
\nALLOWED_PROXIES = {
\n 'internal-proxy.company.com': '192.168.1.100',
\n 'dmz-proxy.company.com': '10.0.0.50'
\n}<\/p>\ndef require_proxy_access():
\n proxy_host = get_configured_proxy()<\/p>\nif proxy_host not in ALLOWED_PROXIES:
\n raise ConfigurationError(f'Invalid proxy: {proxy_host}')<\/p>\nresponse = make_response()
\n response.status_code = 305
\n response.headers['Location'] = f'http:\/\/{proxy_host}:3128'
\n response.headers['X-Proxy-Version'] = '1.0'
\n response.headers['X-Proxy-Auth-Type'] = 'Kerberos'
\n return response <\/p>\n - \n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u5907\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
html<\/p>\n
<!– \u5728305\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5907\u9009\u65b9\u6848 –>
\nHTTP\/1.1 305 Use Proxy
\nLocation: http:\/\/proxy.company.com:3128
\nContent-Type: text\/html<\/p>\n<html>
\n<head><title>Proxy Required<\/title><\/head>
\n<body>
\n <h1>Proxy Access Required<\/h1>
\n <p>This resource requires access through the corporate proxy.<\/p><\/p>\n<h2>Automatic Configuration<\/h2>
\n <p>The system will automatically configure your proxy.<\/p><\/p>\n<h2>Manual Configuration<\/h2>
\n <p>If automatic configuration fails:<\/p>
\n <ol>
\n <li>Open network settings<\/li>
\n <li>Configure proxy: <code>proxy.company.com:3128<\/code><\/li>
\n <li>Authentication: Use your corporate credentials<\/li>
\n <\/ol><\/p>\n<h2>Alternative Access<\/h2>
\n <p><a href="\/vpn-instructions">VPN access instructions<\/a><\/p>
\n <p><a href="\/api\/access-token">Request API token for direct access<\/a><\/p>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html> <\/p>\n
\n15.4 306 Switch Proxy（\u5207\u6362\u4ee3\u7406）<\/h3>\n
15.4.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2<\/h4>\n
306 Switch Proxy\u00a0\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4f46\u4ece\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684HTTP\u8349\u6848\u4e2d\u77ed\u6682\u51fa\u73b0，\u4f46\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5f0fRFC\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n
15.4.2 \u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8d77\u6e90：\u5728HTTP\/1.1\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8349\u6848\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u76ee\u7684：\u6307\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u72b6\u6001：\u4ece\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6807\u51c6\u5316，\u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u73b0\u72b6：\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
15.4.3 \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u8bed\u4e49<\/h4>\n
\u5982\u679c\u66fe\u7ecf\u6807\u51c6\u5316，306\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861：\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb：\u5f53\u524d\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5907\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316：\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
15.4.4 \u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n
\n
\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684306\u65b9\u6848\u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/tr>\n \n\n \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/td>\n 306\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n DNS\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001Anycast\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/td>\n 306\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5907\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/td>\n \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n 306\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7406<\/td>\n CDN\u3001GeoDNS\u3001Anycast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 15.4.5 \u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n
\u4f7f\u7528307\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u5207\u6362<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
\nimport hashlib<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
# \u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6c60
\nPROXY_POOL = [
\n {'url': 'http:\/\/proxy-us-east-1.company.com:3128', 'region': 'us-east', 'load': 0},
\n {'url': 'http:\/\/proxy-us-west-1.company.com:3128', 'region': 'us-west', 'load': 0},
\n {'url': 'http:\/\/proxy-eu-west-1.company.com:3128', 'region': 'eu-west', 'load': 0},
\n {'url': 'http:\/\/proxy-ap-southeast-1.company.com:3128', 'region': 'ap-southeast', 'load': 0},
\n]<\/p>\ndef select_proxy(client_ip, requested_resource):
\n """\u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u9009\u62e9\u4ee3\u7406"""<\/p>\n# 1. \u57fa\u4e8eIP\u786e\u5b9a\u533a\u57df
\n client_region = geolocate_ip(client_ip)<\/p>\n# 2. \u7b5b\u9009\u533a\u57df\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4ee3\u7406
\n regional_proxies = [p for p in PROXY_POOL if p['region'] == client_region]<\/p>\nif not regional_proxies:
\n # \u56de\u9000\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u4ee3\u7406
\n regional_proxies = PROXY_POOL<\/p>\n# 3. \u9009\u62e9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u4ee3\u7406
\n selected_proxy = min(regional_proxies, key=lambda x: x['load'])<\/p>\n# 4. \u66f4\u65b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8ba1\u6570
\n selected_proxy['load'] += 1<\/p>\nreturn selected_proxy['url']<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/proxy-aware-resource')
\ndef get_resource():
\n client_ip = request.remote_addr<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee
\n via_header = request.headers.get('Via', '')
\n expected_proxy = select_proxy(client_ip, request.path)<\/p>\n# \u63d0\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7406
\n current_proxy = None
\n if via_header:
\n # \u89e3\u6790Via\u5934，\u83b7\u53d6\u4ee3\u7406\u4fe1\u606f
\n # \u683c\u5f0f: "1.1 proxy1, 1.1 proxy2"
\n via_parts = via_header.split(',')
\n if via_parts:
\n last_hop = via_parts[-1].strip()
\n # \u63d0\u53d6\u4ee3\u7406\u4e3b\u673a\u540d
\n if ' ' in last_hop:
\n current_proxy = last_hop.split(' ')[1]<\/p>\n# \u5982\u679c\u672a\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406，\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee
\n if not current_proxy or not is_correct_proxy(current_proxy, expected_proxy):
\n # \u8fd4\u56de307\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4ee3\u7406
\n response = jsonify({
\n 'error': 'proxy_mismatch',
\n 'message': 'Please use the recommended proxy server',
\n 'recommended_proxy': expected_proxy,
\n 'proxy_configuration_help': 'https:\/\/docs.company.com\/proxy-setup'
\n })
\n response.status_code = 307
\n response.headers['Location'] = expected_proxy + request.full_path
\n response.headers['X-Recommended-Proxy'] = expected_proxy
\n return response<\/p>\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee，\u8fd4\u56de\u8d44\u6e90
\n return jsonify({'data': 'resource content here'})<\/p>\ndef is_correct_proxy(current_proxy, expected_proxy):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u4ee3\u7406\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e"""
\n # \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u57df\u540d\u5339\u914d
\n from urllib.parse import urlparse
\n current_host = urlparse(f'http:\/\/{current_proxy}').hostname
\n expected_host = urlparse(expected_proxy).hostname<\/p>\nreturn current_host == expected_host <\/p>\n
15.4.6 \u4ee3\u7406\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u5207\u6362\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n
\u65b9\u68481：\u52a8\u6001PAC\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ dynamic-proxy.pac – \u52a8\u6001\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e
\nfunction FindProxyForURL(url, host) {
\n \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u4f73\u4ee3\u7406
\n var proxyConfig = getProxyConfiguration(host);<\/p>\nif (proxyConfig.useProxy) {
\n \/\/ \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861：\u57fa\u4e8eURL\u54c8\u5e0c\u9009\u62e9\u4ee3\u7406
\n var proxyServers = [
\n "PROXY proxy1.company.com:3128",
\n "PROXY proxy2.company.com:3128",
\n "PROXY proxy3.company.com:3128"
\n ];<\/p>\nvar hash = md5(url);
\n var index = parseInt(hash.substr(0, 8), 16) % proxyServers.length;<\/p>\nreturn proxyServers[index];
\n }<\/p>\nreturn "DIRECT";
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570：\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u914d\u7f6e
\nfunction getProxyConfiguration(host) {
\n \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u90e8API\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e
\n \/\/ \u4f8b\u5982：fetch('https:\/\/config.company.com\/proxy-rules')
\n return {
\n useProxy: host.includes(".company.com"),
\n bypassLocal: true
\n };
\n} <\/p>\n\u65b9\u68482：\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6eAPI<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, jsonify
\nimport geoip2.database<\/p>\napp = Flask(__name__)
\ngeoip_reader = geoip2.database.Reader('GeoLite2-City.mmdb')<\/p>\n@app.route('\/api\/proxy-config')
\ndef get_proxy_config():
\n """\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u6001\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e"""<\/p>\nclient_ip = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For', request.remote_addr)
\n user_agent = request.headers.get('User-Agent', '')<\/p>\ntry:
\n # \u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e
\n geo_response = geoip_reader.city(client_ip)
\n country = geo_response.country.iso_code
\n city = geo_response.city.name<\/p>\n# \u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4ee3\u7406
\n proxies = {
\n 'US': ['us-proxy1.company.com', 'us-proxy2.company.com'],
\n 'GB': ['uk-proxy1.company.com', 'uk-proxy2.company.com'],
\n 'JP': ['jp-proxy1.company.com', 'jp-proxy2.company.com'],
\n 'AU': ['au-proxy1.company.com', 'au-proxy2.company.com']
\n }<\/p>\n# \u9009\u62e9\u4ee3\u7406
\n proxy_pool = proxies.get(country, proxies['US'])<\/p>\n# \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861：\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u54c8\u5e0c
\n import hashlib
\n ip_hash = int(hashlib.md5(client_ip.encode()).hexdigest()[:8], 16)
\n selected_proxy = proxy_pool[ip_hash % len(proxy_pool)]<\/p>\n# \u6784\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e
\n config = {
\n 'proxy_server': f'http:\/\/{selected_proxy}:3128',
\n 'fallback_servers': [f'http:\/\/{p}:3128' for p in proxy_pool if p != selected_proxy],
\n 'bypass_list': [
\n 'localhost',
\n '127.0.0.1',
\n '*.local',
\n '*.internal'
\n ],
\n 'config_version': '2024.01.15',
\n 'expires_in': 3600, # 1\u5c0f\u65f6
\n 'refresh_url': '\/api\/proxy-config'
\n }<\/p>\nreturn jsonify(config)<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:
\n # \u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e
\n return jsonify({
\n 'proxy_server': 'http:\/\/global-proxy.company.com:3128',
\n 'error': str(e),
\n 'config_version': 'default'
\n }) <\/p>\n15.4.7 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7406\u7ba1\u7406\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u667a\u80fdHTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u652f\u6301\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb
\nimport requests
\nfrom urllib.parse import urlparse
\nimport time<\/p>\nclass SmartHTTPClient:
\n def __init__(self, config_service_url=None):
\n self.config_service_url = config_service_url
\n self.proxy_config = None
\n self.config_expiry = 0
\n self.session = requests.Session()<\/p>\ndef get_proxy_config(self, force_refresh=False):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u5237\u65b0\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e"""
\n current_time = time.time()<\/p>\nif (force_refresh or
\n not self.proxy_config or
\n current_time > self.config_expiry):<\/p>\nif self.config_service_url:
\n try:
\n response = self.session.get(
\n self.config_service_url,
\n timeout=5
\n )
\n if response.status_code == 200:
\n self.proxy_config = response.json()
\n self.config_expiry = current_time + self.proxy_config.get('expires_in', 300)
\n except:
\n # \u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4
\n self.proxy_config = self.get_default_config()
\n else:
\n self.proxy_config = self.get_default_config()<\/p>\nreturn self.proxy_config<\/p>\n
def get_default_config(self):
\n """\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e"""
\n return {
\n 'proxy_server': None, # \u76f4\u8fde
\n 'fallback_servers': [],
\n 'bypass_list': ['localhost', '127.0.0.1'],
\n 'config_version': 'default'
\n }<\/p>\ndef should_bypass_proxy(self, url):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5URL\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406"""
\n parsed = urlparse(url)
\n hostname = parsed.hostname<\/p>\nif not hostname:
\n return True<\/p>\nbypass_list = self.proxy_config.get('bypass_list', [])<\/p>\n
for pattern in bypass_list:
\n if pattern.startswith('*.'):
\n # \u901a\u914d\u7b26\u5339\u914d：*.example.com
\n domain = pattern[2:]
\n if hostname.endswith('.' + domain) or hostname == domain:
\n return True
\n elif pattern == hostname:
\n return True<\/p>\nreturn False<\/p>\n
def request_with_proxy_failover(self, method, url, **kwargs):
\n """\u652f\u6301\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42"""<\/p>\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e
\n config = self.get_proxy_config()<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406
\n if self.should_bypass_proxy(url):
\n return self.session.request(method, url, **kwargs)<\/p>\n# \u6784\u5efa\u4ee3\u7406\u5217\u8868（\u4e3b\u4ee3\u7406 + \u5907\u7528\u4ee3\u7406）
\n proxies_to_try = []<\/p>\nmain_proxy = config.get('proxy_server')
\n if main_proxy:
\n proxies_to_try.append({
\n 'http': main_proxy,
\n 'https': main_proxy
\n })<\/p>\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u5907\u7528\u4ee3\u7406
\n fallback_servers = config.get('fallback_servers', [])
\n for server in fallback_servers:
\n proxies_to_try.append({
\n 'http': server,
\n 'https': server
\n })<\/p>\n# \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406，\u76f4\u8fde
\n if not proxies_to_try:
\n return self.session.request(method, url, **kwargs)<\/p>\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406，\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f
\n last_exception = None<\/p>\nfor proxy_config in proxies_to_try:
\n try:
\n response = self.session.request(
\n method, url,
\n proxies=proxy_config,
\n timeout=kwargs.get('timeout', 30),
\n **{k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k != 'timeout'}
\n )
\n return response
\n except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
\n last_exception = e
\n continue<\/p>\n# \u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7406\u90fd\u5931\u8d25，\u5c1d\u8bd5\u76f4\u8fde
\n try:
\n return self.session.request(method, url, **kwargs)
\n except:
\n # \u5982\u679c\u76f4\u8fde\u4e5f\u5931\u8d25，\u629b\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38
\n if last_exception:
\n raise last_exception
\n else:
\n raise<\/p>\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nclient = SmartHTTPClient('https:\/\/config.company.com\/api\/proxy-config')<\/p>\ntry:
\n response = client.request_with_proxy_failover(
\n 'GET',
\n 'https:\/\/api.company.com\/data',
\n headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer token123'}
\n )
\n print(f'Success: {response.status_code}')
\nexcept Exception as e:
\n print(f'Request failed: {e}') <\/p>\n
\n15.5 \u7efc\u5408\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n
15.5.1 \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5bf9\u6bd4\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027300 Multiple Choices303 See Other305 Use Proxy306 Switch Proxy<\/tr>\n \n\n \u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n 300<\/td>\n 303<\/td>\n 305<\/td>\n 306<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n HTTP\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.0+<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.1+<\/td>\n HTTP\/1.1<\/td>\n \u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027，\u672a\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n \u6807\u51c6，\u4f46\u5c11\u7528<\/td>\n \u6807\u51c6，\u5e38\u7528<\/td>\n \u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03<\/td>\n \u4ece\u672a\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u5426<\/td>\n \u662f<\/td>\n \u662f（\u4f46\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301）<\/td>\n N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u66f4<\/td>\n N\/A<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u4e3aGET<\/td>\n \u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Location\u5934<\/td>\n \u53ef\u9009（\u9996\u9009\u8868\u793a）<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u9700<\/td>\n \u5fc5\u9700（\u4ee3\u7406URI）<\/td>\n \u7406\u8bba\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7f13\u5b58\u5efa\u8bae<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/td>\n \u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546<\/td>\n POST\u540e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td>\n \u5f3a\u5236\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n \u4ee3\u7406\u5207\u6362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 15.5.2 \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6307\u5357<\/h4>\n
\u573a\u666f1：\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u9875<\/h5>\n
\u63a8\u8350：303 See Other<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5：POST\/Redirect\/GET\u6a21\u5f0f
\n@app.route('\/submit-form', methods=['POST'])
\ndef submit_form():
\n # \u5904\u7406\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e
\n result_id = process_form_data(request.form)<\/p>\n# 303\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u9875
\n return redirect(url_for('show_result', id=result_id), code=303)<\/p>\n@app.route('\/result\/<id>')
\ndef show_result(id):
\n # \u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c，\u53ef\u5237\u65b0\u3001\u53ef\u6536\u85cf
\n return render_template('result.html', result=get_result(id)) <\/p>\n\u573a\u666f2：API\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f<\/h5>\n
\u63a8\u8350：300 Multiple Choices<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/data')
\ndef get_data():
\n accept = request.headers.get('Accept', '')<\/p>\nif 'application\/json' in accept:
\n return jsonify({'data': 'json'})
\n elif 'application\/xml' in accept:
\n return xml_response('<data>xml<\/data>')
\n elif 'text\/csv' in accept:
\n return 'data,csv\\\\nvalue1,value2'
\n else:
\n # \u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a，\u8fd4\u56de\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868
\n response = jsonify({
\n 'message': 'Multiple representations available',
\n 'formats': [
\n {'type': 'application\/json', 'url': '\/api\/data?format=json'},
\n {'type': 'application\/xml', 'url': '\/api\/data?format=xml'},
\n {'type': 'text\/csv', 'url': '\/api\/data?format=csv'}
\n ]
\n })
\n response.status_code = 300
\n return response <\/p>\n\u573a\u666f3：\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h5>\n
\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350：305 Use Proxy（\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03） \u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528307\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5934
\n@app.route('\/internal-resource')
\ndef internal_resource():
\n client_ip = request.remote_addr<\/p>\nif not is_internal_ip(client_ip):
\n response = jsonify({
\n 'error': 'proxy_required',
\n 'message': 'This resource requires access through corporate proxy',
\n 'proxy_config': {
\n 'server': 'proxy.company.com:3128',
\n 'auth_type': 'ntlm',
\n 'config_url': 'https:\/\/it.company.com\/proxy-setup'
\n }
\n })
\n response.status_code = 307
\n response.headers['Location'] = 'https:\/\/gateway.company.com\/auth'
\n return response<\/p>\nreturn jsonify({'data': 'internal resource'}) <\/p>\n
15.5.3 \u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58\u8003\u8651<\/h4>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n
\n
\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7f13\u5b58\u5efa\u8bae\u7f13\u5b58\u952e\u8003\u8651<\/tr>\n \n\n 300<\/td>\n Cache-Control: max-age=3600<\/td>\n \u5305\u542bVary: Accept, Accept-Language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 303<\/td>\n Cache-Control: no-cache<\/td>\n \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 305<\/td>\n Cache-Control: no-store<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u5e94\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 306<\/td>\n N\/A<\/td>\n N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# 300\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316
\n@app.route('\/multi-format-resource')
\ndef multi_format_resource():
\n # \u57fa\u4e8eAccept\u5934\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u952e
\n accept_header = request.headers.get('Accept', '')
\n cache_key = f"resource:{hash(accept_header)}"<\/p>\ncached = cache.get(cache_key)
\n if cached and cached.get('status') == 300:
\n response = make_response(cached['body'])
\n response.status_code = 300
\n for key, value in cached['headers'].items():
\n response.headers[key] = value
\n return response<\/p>\n# \u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = generate_response()<\/p>\n# \u7f13\u5b58300\u54cd\u5e94（\u77ed\u671f）
\n cache.set(cache_key, {
\n 'body': response_data,
\n 'headers': {'Content-Type': 'application\/json'},
\n 'status': 300
\n }, timeout=300) # 5\u5206\u949f<\/p>\nresponse = make_response(response_data)
\n response.status_code = 300
\n response.headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=300'
\n response.headers['Vary'] = 'Accept'
\n return response <\/p>\n15.5.4 \u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n
1. \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
def safe_redirect(target_url, code=303):
\n """\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u51fd\u6570"""<\/p>\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u76ee\u6807URL
\n from urllib.parse import urlparse<\/p>\nparsed = urlparse(target_url)<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u534f\u8bae
\n if parsed.scheme not in ['http', 'https', '']:
\n raise ValueError(f'Unsupported scheme: {parsed.scheme}')<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u57df\u540d（\u9632\u6b62\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411）
\n allowed_domains = [
\n 'example.com',
\n 'trusted-partner.com'
\n ]<\/p>\nif parsed.netloc and parsed.netloc not in allowed_domains:
\n # \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9875
\n target_url = '\/error\/invalid-redirect'<\/p>\n# \u521b\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n from flask import redirect
\n return redirect(target_url, code=code) <\/p>\n2. \u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\u5b89\u5168<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/document')
\ndef get_document():
\n # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b
\n accept = request.headers.get('Accept', '')
\n allowed_types = [
\n 'text\/html',
\n 'application\/json',
\n 'application\/pdf'
\n ]<\/p>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8
\n requested_types = [t.strip() for t in accept.split(',')]
\n valid_types = [t for t in requested_types if t in allowed_types]<\/p>\nif not valid_types:
\n # \u8fd4\u56de300，\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
\n response = jsonify({
\n 'message': 'Please specify a valid Accept header',
\n 'allowed_formats': allowed_types,
\n 'example_request': 'Accept: application\/json'
\n })
\n response.status_code = 300
\n return response<\/p>\n# \u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42
\n return generate_document(valid_types[0]) <\/p>\n15.5.5 \u672a\u6765\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u5f03\u7528\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n
\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5efa\u8bae<\/h5>\n
\n
\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u672a\u6765\u5efa\u8bae\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/tr>\n \n\n 300<\/td>\n \u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528，\u8003\u8651\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u534f\u5546<\/td>\n \u4f7f\u7528Vary\u5934+200\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 303<\/td>\n \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528，PRG\u6a21\u5f0f\u6807\u51c6<\/td>\n \u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 305<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d<\/td>\n \u4ee3\u7406\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e(PAC\/WPAD)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 306<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n \u4ece\u672a\u6807\u51c6\u5316，\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u73b0\u4ee3API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u793a\u4f8b，\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528300
\n@app.route('\/api\/v2\/resource')
\ndef api_resource_v2():
\n # \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546，\u800c\u975e300\u54cd\u5e94
\n accept = request.headers.get('Accept', 'application\/json')<\/p>\n# \u4f18\u5148\u5904\u7406JSON（API\u6807\u51c6）
\n if 'application\/json' in accept or '*\/*' in accept:
\n return jsonify({'data': 'json response'})<\/p>\n# \u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f，\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7aef\u70b9
\n elif 'application\/xml' in accept:
\n # \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e13\u95e8\u7aef\u70b9
\n return redirect('\/api\/v2\/resource.xml', code=307)<\/p>\nelse:
\n # \u8fd4\u56de406 Not Acceptable，\u800c\u975e300
\n response = jsonify({
\n 'error': 'not_acceptable',
\n 'message': 'Requested format not supported',
\n 'supported_formats': ['application\/json', 'application\/xml'],
\n 'default_format': 'application\/json'
\n })
\n response.status_code = 406
\n return response <\/p>\n15.5.6 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u8981\u70b9<\/h4>\n
- \n
300 Multiple Choices：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528，\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c，\u4f46\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
303 See Other：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
POST\/Redirect\/GET\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u9632\u6b62\u8868\u5355\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
305 Use Proxy：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03，\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u5927，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6848\u66ff\u4ee3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
306 Switch Proxy：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u4ece\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559，\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u4ee3\u7406\u7ba1\u7406\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
\u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe<\/h5>\n
text<\/p>\n
\u5f00\u59cb
\n\u251c\u2500 \u9700\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546？
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500 \u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8868\u793a？ \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de200
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500 \u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9？ \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de300
\n\u251c\u2500 \u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411？
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500 \u662f \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de303
\n\u251c\u2500 \u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5236\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee？
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500 \u662f \u2192 \u907f\u514d305，\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6eAPI
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500 \u5426 \u2192 \u7ee7\u7eed
\n\u2514\u2500 \u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9700\u6c42？
\n \u251c\u2500 \u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 \u2192 301\/308
\n \u251c\u2500 \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5 \u2192 307
\n \u2514\u2500 \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u53ef\u6539\u65b9\u6cd5 \u2192 302 <\/p>\n\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u867d\u7136HTTP\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a3xx\u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，303\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684，300\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u6709\u7528，\u800c305\u548c306\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f，\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5065\u58ee\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
HTTP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u78013xx\u662fWeb\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u6bcf\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u7528\u9014：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
301 Moved Permanently：\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u9002\u5408\u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u6784\u3001\u57df\u540d\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b49\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u53d8\u66f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
302 Found：\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u4f20\u7edf\u4f46\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u7cca，\u9002\u5408A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u9875\u9762\u7b49\u4e34\u65f6\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
303 See Other：\u660e\u786e\u8f6c\u4e3aGET\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u9002\u5408POST\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u9875<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
304 Not Modified：\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236，\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
307 Temporary Redirect：\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5，\u89e3\u51b3302\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027，\u9002\u5408API\u4e34\u65f6\u8fc1\u79fb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
308 Permanent Redirect：\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5，\u89e3\u51b3301\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027，\u9002\u5408API\u7248\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u660e\u786e\u610f\u56fe：\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b89\u5168：\u5bf9API\u548c\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u4f7f\u7528307\/308\u786e\u4fdd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316：\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6，\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651：\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807，\u9632\u6b62\u5f00\u653e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u76d1\u63a7\u7ef4\u62a4：\u5efa\u7acb\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66，\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u7b2c10\u7ae0：\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u673a\u5236\u539f\u7406
\n10.1 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5
\n10.1.1 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28
\nHTTP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236，\u5f53\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u83b7\u53d6\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6307\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u65b0\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bb2，\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u672c\u8eab，\u800c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\\”\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\\”\u3002
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