\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668（Bloom Filter）\u62e6\u622a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u636eID\u5168\u90e8\u653e\u5165\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6，\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8be5key\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5224\u65ad\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a，\u907f\u514d\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728，\u5219\u8d70\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u4f7f\u7528Google Guava\u7684BloomFilter）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import com.google.common.hash.BloomFilter;
\nimport com.google.common.hash.Funnels;
\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
\nimport javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
\nimport java.nio.charset.Charset;
\nimport java.util.List;<\/p>\n
@Service
\npublic class ProductService {
\n private BloomFilter<String> bloomFilter;
\n private final int EXPECTED_INSERTIONS = 1000000; \/\/ \u9884\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u91cf
\n private final double FPP = 0.01; \/\/ \u8bef\u5224\u7387<\/p>\n
@PostConstruct
\n public void init() {
\n bloomFilter = BloomFilter.create(
\n Funnels.stringFunnel(Charset.defaultCharset()),
\n EXPECTED_INSERTIONS,
\n FPP);
\n \/\/ \u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5546\u54c1ID，\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668
\n List<String> allProductIds = loadAllProductIdsFromDB();
\n for (String id : allProductIds) {
\n bloomFilter.put(id);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
public Product getProduct(String productId) {
\n \/\/ 1. \u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5224\u65ad\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56denull
\n if (!bloomFilter.mightContain(productId)) {
\n return null;
\n }
\n \/\/ 2. \u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58（\u7701\u7565\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801）
\n Product product = getFromCache(productId);
\n if (product != null) {
\n return product;
\n }
\n \/\/ 3. \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n product = getFromDB(productId);
\n if (product != null) {
\n \/\/ \u653e\u5165\u7f13\u5b58，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4
\n putToCache(productId, product);
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u53ef\u9009：\u7f13\u5b58\u7a7a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u4f46\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5df2\u62e6\u622a\u5927\u90e8\u5206，\u53ef\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58\u7a7a\u503c
\n }
\n return product;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4（\u57fa\u7840\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4 + \u968f\u673a\u503c）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u5728\u653e\u5165\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6，\u4e3akey\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4（\u59821\u5c0f\u65f6）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u79d2\u6570（\u59820~300\u79d2），\u4f7fkey\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u6563\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u907f\u514d\u5927\u91cfkey\u540c\u65f6\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u4f7f\u7528Spring Data Redis）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;<\/p>\n
@Service
\npublic class CacheService {
\n @Autowired
\n private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;<\/p>\n
public void putWithRandomExpire(String key, Object value, long baseTimeout, TimeUnit unit) {
\n long timeout = unit.toSeconds(baseTimeout);
\n \/\/ \u589e\u52a0\u968f\u673a\u503c，\u8303\u56f40~300\u79d2
\n long random = (long) (Math.random() * 300);
\n long finalTimeout = timeout + random;
\n redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, finalTimeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501（\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501）\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53bb\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58，\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4e2d\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u672a\u547d\u4e2d，\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58（\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u9501\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86\u6570\u636e）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7f13\u5b58\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u4f7f\u7528Redisson\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
\nimport org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
\nimport org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Service;<\/p>\n
@Service
\npublic class ProductService {
\n @Autowired
\n private RedissonClient redissonClient;<\/p>\n
public Product getProductWithLock(String productId) {
\n \/\/ 1. \u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58
\n Product product = getFromCache(productId);
\n if (product != null) {
\n return product;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ 2. \u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501
\n String lockKey = "lock:product:" + productId;
\n RLock lock = redissonClient.getLock(lockKey);
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u52a0\u9501，\u6700\u591a\u7b49\u5f853\u79d2，\u9501\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f410\u79d2
\n if (lock.tryLock(3, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
\n try {
\n \/\/ 3. \u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58，\u53ef\u80fd\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d
\n product = getFromCache(productId);
\n if (product != null) {
\n return product;
\n }
\n \/\/ 4. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n product = getFromDB(productId);
\n if (product != null) {
\n putToCache(productId, product);
\n }
\n return product;
\n } finally {
\n lock.unlock();
\n }
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u5931\u8d25，\u7b49\u5f85\u91cd\u8bd5\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a
\n Thread.sleep(100);
\n return getProductWithLock(productId); \/\/ \u9012\u5f52\u91cd\u8bd5
\n }
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
\n return null;
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u671f + \u5f02\u6b65\u5237\u65b0（\u7f13\u5b58\u6c38\u4e0d\u8fc7\u671f，\u4f46\u5b58\u50a8\u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5305\u542b\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u8fc7\u671f，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u8fc7\u671f，\u5219\u5f02\u6b65\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53bb\u52a0\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58，\u540c\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42（\u907f\u514d\u7b49\u5f85）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
\nimport lombok.Data;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.Executors;<\/p>\n
@Data
\nclass CacheWrapper<T> {
\n private T data;
\n private long expireTime; \/\/ \u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u6233（\u6beb\u79d2）
\n}<\/p>\n
@Service
\npublic class HotProductService {
\n private ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
\n @Autowired
\n private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;<\/p>\n
public Product getHotProduct(String productId) {
\n String key = "hot:product:" + productId;
\n CacheWrapper<Product> wrapper = (CacheWrapper<Product>) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
\n if (wrapper == null) {
\n \/\/ \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0\u8f7d（\u540c\u6b65）
\n return loadProductToCache(productId);
\n }
\n if (wrapper.getExpireTime() > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
\n \/\/ \u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u8fc7\u671f，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de
\n return wrapper.getData();
\n }
\n \/\/ \u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u671f，\u5f02\u6b65\u5237\u65b0
\n executor.submit(() -> {
\n \/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501，\u907f\u514d\u5e76\u53d1\u5237\u65b0
\n String lockKey = "lock:refresh:" + productId;
\n RLock lock = redissonClient.getLock(lockKey);
\n if (lock.tryLock()) {
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u518d\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5237\u65b0
\n CacheWrapper<Product> latest = (CacheWrapper<Product>) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
\n if (latest != null && latest.getExpireTime() > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
\n return;
\n }
\n \/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n Product product = getFromDB(productId);
\n CacheWrapper<Product> newWrapper = new CacheWrapper<>();
\n newWrapper.setData(product);
\n newWrapper.setExpireTime(System.currentTimeMillis() + 3600_000); \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e1\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u8fc7\u671f
\n redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, newWrapper);
\n } finally {
\n lock.unlock();
\n }
\n }
\n });
\n \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u65e7\u6570\u636e
\n return wrapper.getData();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5148\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u518d\u5220\u9664\u7f13\u5b58（\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Cache-Aside\u6a21\u5f0f），\u914d\u5408\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53cc\u5220\u6216Binlog\u76d1\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4（\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53cc\u5220）：<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f11\u7720\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4（\u5982500ms），\u518d\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u7f13\u5b58，\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u810f\u7f13\u5b58\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
@Service
\npublic class ProductUpdateService {
\n @Autowired
\n private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
\n @Autowired
\n private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;<\/p>\n
public void updateProduct(Product product) {
\n String cacheKey = "product:" + product.getId();
\n \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u7f13\u5b58
\n redisTemplate.delete(cacheKey);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE product SET name = ? WHERE id = ?", product.getName(), product.getId());<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u5220\u9664
\n ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
\n scheduler.schedule(() -> {
\n redisTemplate.delete(cacheKey);
\n }, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6848：\u76d1\u542cMySQL binlog（\u4f7f\u7528Canal），\u5f02\u6b65\u5220\u9664\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u90e8\u7f72Canal，\u4f2a\u88c5\u4e3aMySQL slave，\u63a5\u6536binlog\u53d8\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5728Java\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210Canal\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u89e3\u6790binlog\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u7f13\u5b58key，\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Canal\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;
\nimport com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;
\nimport com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;
\nimport com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.*;
\nimport org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
\nimport javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
\nimport java.net.InetSocketAddress;
\nimport java.util.List;<\/p>\n
@Component
\npublic class CanalClient {
\n @Autowired
\n private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;<\/p>\n
@PostConstruct
\n public void run() {
\n CanalConnector connector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(
\n new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 11111), "example", "", "");
\n while (true) {
\n connector.connect();
\n connector.subscribe(".*\\\\\\\\..*");
\n connector.rollback();
\n while (true) {
\n Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(100); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6100\u6761\u6570\u636e
\n long batchId = message.getId();
\n if (batchId == -1 || message.getEntries().isEmpty()) {
\n try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
\n continue;
\n }
\n List<Entry> entries = message.getEntries();
\n for (Entry entry : entries) {
\n if (entry.getEntryType() == EntryType.ROWDATA) {
\n RowChange rowChange;
\n try {
\n rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n continue;
\n }
\n EventType eventType = rowChange.getEventType();
\n if (eventType == EventType.UPDATE || eventType == EventType.INSERT || eventType == EventType.DELETE) {
\n String tableName = entry.getHeader().getTableName();
\n for (RowData rowData : rowChange.getRowDatasList()) {
\n if ("product".equals(tableName)) {
\n \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u4e3b\u952eID（\u5047\u8bbe\u5217\u540d\u4e3aid）
\n String id = null;
\n for (Column col : rowData.getAfterColumnsList()) {
\n if ("id".equals(col.getName())) {
\n id = col.getValue();
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n if (id != null) {
\n redisTemplate.delete("product:" + id);
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n connector.ack(batchId);
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u542f\u7528\u786e\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f，\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u624b\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4offset，MQ\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4（\u4ee5RocketMQ\u4e3a\u4f8b）：<\/p>\n
\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6esetRetryTimesWhenSendFailed，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6b65\u53d1\u9001\u7b49\u5f85\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d88\u8d39\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3aConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET，\u5e76\u624b\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4offset\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u518d\u6267\u884ccommitSync()\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（RocketMQ\u751f\u4ea7\u8005）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;<\/p>\n
public class OrderProducer {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("order_producer_group");
\n producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
\n producer.setRetryTimesWhenSendFailed(3);
\n producer.start();
\n Message msg = new Message("order_topic", "order", "orderId_123".getBytes());
\n SendResult result = producer.send(msg);
\n if (result.getSendStatus() == SendStatus.SEND_OK) {
\n System.out.println("\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u529f");
\n } else {
\n System.out.println("\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u5931\u8d25，\u9700\u91cd\u8bd5\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7");
\n }
\n producer.shutdown();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u8005（\u624b\u52a8ack）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
\nimport java.util.List;<\/p>\n
public class OrderConsumer {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("order_consumer_group");
\n consumer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
\n consumer.subscribe("order_topic", "*");
\n consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
\n @Override
\n public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
\n for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6d88\u606f
\n process(msg);
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5931\u8d25，\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5
\n return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;
\n }
\n }
\n return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; \/\/ \u624b\u52a8ack
\n }
\n });
\n consumer.start();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5e42\u7b49\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1（\u4f7f\u7528\u4e1a\u52a1\u552f\u4e00ID\u53bb\u91cd）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6d88\u606f\u4f53\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1ID（\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u3001\u6d88\u606fID）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u524d，\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u8be5ID\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5904\u7406\u8fc7（\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u6216Redis setnx）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5904\u7406，\u5219\u5ffd\u7565；\u5426\u5219\u6267\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91，\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5904\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Redis\u53bb\u91cd）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
@Service
\npublic class OrderMessageConsumer {
\n @Autowired
\n private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;<\/p>\n
public void handleMessage(MessageExt msg) {
\n String msgId = msg.getKeys(); \/\/ RocketMQ\u7684\u6d88\u606fkey\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00ID
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528Redis\u7684setnx，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4（\u9632\u6b62\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f）
\n Boolean success = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("processed:msg:" + msgId, "1", 1, TimeUnit.DAYS);
\n if (success != null && success) {
\n \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406
\n processOrder(msg);
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u8fc7，\u76f4\u63a5\u5ffd\u7565
\n System.out.println("\u91cd\u590d\u6d88\u606f，\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565：" + msgId);
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4e34\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6570\u91cf，\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u6d88\u8d39\u903b\u8f91（\u6279\u91cf\u6d88\u8d39）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u6269\u5bb9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570（\u5982RocketMQ\u7684consumeThreadMin\u548cconsumeThreadMax）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6279\u91cf\u62c9\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f，\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u591a\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（RocketMQ\u6279\u91cf\u6d88\u8d39\u8bbe\u7f6e）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("consumer_group");
\nconsumer.setConsumeThreadMin(20);
\nconsumer.setConsumeThreadMax(20);
\nconsumer.setConsumeMessageBatchMaxSize(10); \/\/ \u6bcf\u6b21\u6700\u591a\u62c9\u53d610\u6761<\/p>\n
\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
\n \/\/ \u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406，\u4f8b\u5982\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n List<Order> orders = parseToOrders(msgs);
\n orderDao.batchInsert(orders);
\n return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u6d88\u606f（RocketMQ\u7684MessageQueueSelector\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u4e1a\u52a1ID\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u961f\u5217，\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6d88\u8d39\u8be5\u961f\u5217）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u6307\u5b9a\u961f\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u5668，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f8\u540c\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u961f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6ce8\u518cMessageListenerOrderly，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6d88\u8d39，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u987a\u5e8f\u6d88\u606f）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {
\n @Override
\n public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {
\n Long orderId = (Long) arg; \/\/ \u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u6570
\n int index = (int) (orderId % mqs.size());
\n return mqs.get(index);
\n }
\n}, orderId);<\/p>\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u987a\u5e8f\u6d88\u8d39：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {
\n @Override
\n public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) {
\n for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {
\n process(msg); \/\/ \u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6d88\u606f
\n }
\n return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u6d88\u606f（RocketMQ\u4e8b\u52a1\u6d88\u606f）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u534a\u6d88\u606f（prepare）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6267\u884c\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6839\u636e\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u56de\u6eda\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u672a\u77e5，MQ\u4f1a\u56de\u67e5\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（RocketMQ\u4e8b\u52a1\u6d88\u606f\u751f\u4ea7\u8005）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionMQProducer;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionSendResult;
\nimport org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;<\/p>\n
public class TransactionProducer {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n TransactionMQProducer producer = new TransactionMQProducer("transaction_producer_group");
\n producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
\n producer.setTransactionListener(new TransactionListener() {
\n @Override
\n public LocalTransactionState executeLocalTransaction(Message msg, Object arg) {
\n \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c）
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001
\n updateOrderStatus((String) arg);
\n return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n return LocalTransactionState.ROLLBACK_MESSAGE;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public LocalTransactionState checkLocalTransaction(MessageExt msg) {
\n \/\/ \u56de\u67e5\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001
\n String orderId = msg.getKeys();
\n if (isOrderCommitted(orderId)) {
\n return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;
\n } else {
\n return LocalTransactionState.ROLLBACK_MESSAGE;
\n }
\n }
\n });
\n producer.start();
\n Message msg = new Message("order_topic", "order", "order_123".getBytes());
\n TransactionSendResult result = producer.sendMessageInTransaction(msg, "order_123");
\n producer.shutdown();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528Zookeeper\u7b49\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u670d\u52a1，\u914d\u7f6e\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570（quorum），\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u96c6\u7fa4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4（\u4ee5Zookeeper\u4e3a\u4f8b）：<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6eZookeeper\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684zoo.cfg，\u8bbe\u7f6einitLimit\u3001syncLimit\u548cserver.x\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5Zookeeper，\u76d1\u542c\u96c6\u7fa4\u8282\u70b9\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5f53\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u5206\u88c2\u65f6，\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u7b97\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Zookeeper\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u76d1\u63a7\u8282\u70b9\u53d8\u5316）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import org.apache.zookeeper.*;<\/p>\n
public class ZookeeperWatcher implements Watcher {
\n private ZooKeeper zooKeeper;<\/p>\n
public void connect() throws Exception {
\n zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper("127.0.0.1:2181", 3000, this);
\n }<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
\n if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.None && event.getState() == Event.KeeperState.Disconnected) {
\n System.out.println("Zookeeper\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00，\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u8111\u88c2");
\n \/\/ \u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\u6216\u5207\u6362\u7b56\u7565
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3aleader\u9009\u4e3e
\n public void electLeader() throws Exception {
\n String path = "\/election\/node-";
\n zooKeeper.create(path, "data".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
\n \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9，\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e3aleader
\n \/\/ … \u5177\u4f53\u9009\u4e3e\u903b\u8f91
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528Zookeeper\u65f6，\u6240\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u540c\u4e00\u8282\u70b9，\u8282\u70b9\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u5927\u91cf\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9，\u6216\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u968f\u673a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u987a\u5e8f\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u53ea\u76d1\u542c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53d8\u5316，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5f53\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6d88\u5931\u65f6，\u624d\u89e6\u53d1\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Zookeeper\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u907f\u514d\u7f8a\u7fa4\u6548\u5e94）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
public class DistributedLock {
\n private ZooKeeper zooKeeper;
\n private String lockPath = "\/lock";
\n private String currentPath;
\n private String watchPath;<\/p>\n
public void lock() throws Exception {
\n currentPath = zooKeeper.create(lockPath + "\/lock-", null, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
\n List<String> children = zooKeeper.getChildren(lockPath, false);
\n Collections.sort(children);
\n if (currentPath.equals(lockPath + "\/" + children.get(0))) {
\n \/\/ \u83b7\u5f97\u9501
\n return;
\n }
\n \/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9
\n int index = children.indexOf(currentPath.substring(lockPath.length() + 1));
\n watchPath = lockPath + "\/" + children.get(index – 1);
\n zooKeeper.exists(watchPath, new Watcher() {
\n @Override
\n public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
\n if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.NodeDeleted) {
\n \/\/ \u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664，\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u83b7\u5f97\u9501
\n synchronized (DistributedLock.this) {
\n DistributedLock.this.notify();
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n });
\n synchronized (this) {
\n wait();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5，\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u73af，\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u73af\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9（\u5982160\u4e2a），\u5206\u6563\u5728\u73af\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8ba1\u7b97key\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c，\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u627e\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9，\u518d\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u7b80\u5355\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u5b9e\u73b0）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import java.security.MessageDigest;
\nimport java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
\nimport java.util.*;<\/p>\n
public class ConsistentHashing {
\n private final TreeMap<Long, String> virtualNodes = new TreeMap<>();
\n private final int virtualReplicas = 160;
\n private final List<String> physicalNodes;<\/p>\n
public ConsistentHashing(List<String> physicalNodes) {
\n this.physicalNodes = physicalNodes;
\n for (String node : physicalNodes) {
\n for (int i = 0; i < virtualReplicas; i++) {
\n long hash = hash(node + "-" + i);
\n virtualNodes.put(hash, node);
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
public String getNode(String key) {
\n long hash = hash(key);
\n \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8ehash\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9
\n Map.Entry<Long, String> entry = virtualNodes.ceilingEntry(hash);
\n if (entry == null) {
\n entry = virtualNodes.firstEntry();
\n }
\n return entry.getValue();
\n }<\/p>\n
private long hash(String key) {
\n try {
\n MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
\n byte[] digest = md5.digest(key.getBytes());
\n return ((long) (digest[3] & 0xFF) << 24) | ((long) (digest[2] & 0xFF) << 16)
\n | ((long) (digest[1] & 0xFF) << 8) | (digest[0] & 0xFF);
\n } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
\n throw new RuntimeException(e);
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fID\u751f\u6210\u5668（\u5982Snowflake）\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8，\u5982\u679c\u56de\u62e8\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed\u5219\u7b49\u5f85，\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u957f\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5907\u7528\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0a\u6b21\u751f\u6210ID\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6b21\u65f6\u95f4\u6233，\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6839\u636e\u56de\u62e8\u5927\u5c0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7b56\u7565：\u5c0f\u5e45\u5ea6\u56de\u62e8（<5ms）\u5219\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u8ffd\u4e0a；\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u56de\u62e8\u5219\u62a5\u8b66\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Snowflake\u7b97\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
public class SnowflakeIdWorker {
\n private final long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
\n private final long workerIdBits = 5L;
\n private final long sequenceBits = 12L;
\n private final long workerId;
\n private volatile long lastTimestamp = -1L;
\n private volatile long sequence = 0L;<\/p>\n
public SnowflakeIdWorker(long workerId) {
\n if (workerId < 0 || workerId > (-1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits))) {
\n throw new IllegalArgumentException("workerId out of range");
\n }
\n this.workerId = workerId;
\n }<\/p>\n
public synchronized long nextId() {
\n long timestamp = timeGen();
\n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6b21\u751f\u6210ID\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233，\u8bf4\u660e\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8
\n if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
\n long offset = lastTimestamp – timestamp;
\n if (offset < 5) {
\n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u56de\u62e8\u5c0f\u4e8e5ms，\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u8ffd\u4e0a
\n try {
\n wait(lastTimestamp – timestamp);
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
\n }
\n timestamp = timeGen();
\n \/\/ \u518d\u6b21\u5224\u65ad
\n if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
\n throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards, refuse generate id");
\n }
\n } else {
\n throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards, refuse generate id");
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
\n sequence = (sequence + 1) & ((1 << sequenceBits) – 1);
\n if (sequence == 0) {
\n timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
\n }
\n } else {
\n sequence = 0L;
\n }
\n lastTimestamp = timestamp;
\n return ((timestamp – twepoch) << (workerIdBits + sequenceBits)) | (workerId << sequenceBits) | sequence;
\n }<\/p>\n
private long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
\n long timestamp = timeGen();
\n while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
\n timestamp = timeGen();
\n }
\n return timestamp;
\n }<\/p>\n
private long timeGen() {
\n return System.currentTimeMillis();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u6d41（\u5982\u4ee4\u724c\u6876\u7b97\u6cd5）\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1，\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u8f7d\u62d2\u7edd\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u5f15\u5165Guava\u7684RateLimiter\u6216Sentinel\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5165\u53e3（\u5982Controller）\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u6d41\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c，\u8fd4\u56de\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u7e41\u5fd9\u201d\u6216\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Guava RateLimiter）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;<\/p>\n
@RestController
\npublic class ApiController {
\n \/\/ \u6bcf\u79d2\u6700\u591a\u5904\u740610\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42
\n private final RateLimiter rateLimiter = RateLimiter.create(10.0);<\/p>\n
@GetMapping("\/api\/data")
\n public String getData() {
\n if (!rateLimiter.tryAcquire()) {
\n return "\u7cfb\u7edf\u7e41\u5fd9，\u8bf7\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5";
\n }
\n \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91
\n return "success";
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Sentinel\u7684\u793a\u4f8b（Spring Cloud Alibaba）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
@RestController
\npublic class SentinelController {
\n @GetMapping("\/hello")
\n @SentinelResource(value = "hello", blockHandler = "handleBlock")
\n public String hello() {
\n return "Hello Sentinel";
\n }<\/p>\n
public String handleBlock(BlockException ex) {
\n return "\u9650\u6d41\u4e86";
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f，\u6700\u7ec8\u5f15\u53d1OutOfMemoryError\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177（\u5982MAT\u3001JProfiler）\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u70b9，\u4fee\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528：\u4f7f\u7528JVM\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177（\u5982jstat\u3001VisualVM）\u89c2\u5bdf\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u751f\u6210Heap Dump：\u5f53\u5185\u5b58\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6，\u4f7f\u7528jmap\u6216\u914d\u7f6eJVM\u53c2\u6570-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError\u81ea\u52a8\u5bfc\u51fadump\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5206\u6790Heap Dump：\u4f7f\u7528MAT（Eclipse Memory Analyzer）\u6253\u5f00dump\u6587\u4ef6，\u67e5\u770b\u53ef\u7591\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001GC Roots\u5f15\u7528\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u4ee3\u7801：\u6839\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u627e\u5230\u672a\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5f15\u7528（\u5982ThreadLocal\u672a\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u9759\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u4e0d\u65ad\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u672a\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7b49）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4fee\u590d\u4ee3\u7801：\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801，\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u7f6e\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u6e05\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b：\u6a21\u62dfThreadLocal\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u53ca\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
public class ThreadLocalLeakDemo {
\n private static final ThreadLocal<byte[]> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();<\/p>\n
public void process() {
\n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61
\n threadLocal.set(new byte[10 * 1024 * 1024]); \/\/ 10MB
\n \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91…
\n \/\/ \u5fd8\u8bb0\u8c03\u7528 remove()
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u590d\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
public class ThreadLocalLeakDemo {
\n private static final ThreadLocal<byte[]> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();<\/p>\n
public void process() {
\n try {
\n threadLocal.set(new byte[10 * 1024 * 1024]);
\n \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91…
\n } finally {
\n threadLocal.remove(); \/\/ \u786e\u4fdd\u6e05\u7406
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528jmap\u751f\u6210\u5806dump：jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.hprof <pid><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f7f\u7528jstat\u89c2\u5bdfGC\u60c5\u51b5：jstat -gcutil <pid> 1000 10<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u7528\u6237\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4\u540c\u4e00\u8868\u5355\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u590d（\u5982\u91cd\u590d\u4e0b\u5355\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u8bc4\u8bba）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u524d\u7aef\u6309\u94ae\u7f6e\u7070 + \u540e\u7aefToken\u673a\u5236（\u9632\u91cd\u4ee4\u724c）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u524d\u7aef：\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u6309\u94ae\u70b9\u51fb\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u7981\u7528\u6309\u94ae，\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u590d\u70b9\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u540e\u7aef：\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684Token（\u5982UUID），\u5b58\u5165Redis\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4，\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u524d\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8bf7\u6c42\u643a\u5e26Token：\u524d\u7aef\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u5e26\u4e0a\u8be5Token\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u540e\u7aef\u6821\u9a8c：\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u524d\u5148\u6821\u9a8cToken\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u6709\u6548，\u82e5\u6709\u6548\u5219\u5220\u9664Token\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406；\u82e5\u65e0\u6548\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210Token\u63a5\u53e3：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
@RestController
\n@RequestMapping("\/token")
\npublic class TokenController {
\n @Autowired
\n private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;<\/p>\n
@GetMapping("\/generate")
\n public String generateToken() {
\n String token = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
\n redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(token, "1", 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES); \/\/ 30\u5206\u949f\u6709\u6548
\n return token;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6ce8\u89e3+\u62e6\u622a\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0Token\u6821\u9a8c：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
\n@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
\npublic @interface PreventDuplicateSubmit {
\n}<\/p>\n
@Component
\npublic class DuplicateSubmitInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
\n @Autowired
\n private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
\n if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) {
\n HandlerMethod method = (HandlerMethod) handler;
\n if (method.hasMethodAnnotation(PreventDuplicateSubmit.class)) {
\n String token = request.getHeader("Request-Token");
\n if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
\n throw new RuntimeException("\u7f3a\u5c11\u9632\u91cdToken");
\n }
\n \/\/ \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u5220\u9664（\u4f7f\u7528lua\u811a\u672c\u6216setnx）
\n Boolean result = redisTemplate.delete(token);
\n if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(result)) {
\n return true; \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4，\u653e\u884c
\n } else {
\n response.setStatus(400);
\n response.getWriter().write("\u8bf7\u52ff\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4");
\n return false;
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n return true;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
Controller\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
@PostMapping("\/order")
\n@PreventDuplicateSubmit
\npublic String createOrder(@RequestBody OrderDTO orderDTO) {
\n \/\/ \u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91
\n return "success";
\n}<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548cCPU\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u6392，\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898（\u5982\u53cc\u91cd\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u5931\u6548）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528volatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7981\u6b62\u6307\u4ee4\u91cd\u6392，\u6216\u4f7f\u7528AtomicInteger\u3001synchronized\u7b49\u5e76\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u8bc6\u522b\u9700\u8981\u7981\u6b62\u91cd\u6392\u7684\u53d8\u91cf（\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f7f\u7528volatile\u4fee\u9970\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f7f\u7528java.util.concurrent.atomic\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7c7b\u6216\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
\u53cc\u91cd\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f（\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528volatile）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
public class Singleton {
\n private static volatile Singleton instance; \/\/ volatile\u7981\u6b62\u91cd\u6392<\/p>\n
private Singleton() {}<\/p>\n
public static Singleton getInstance() {
\n if (instance == null) {
\n synchronized (Singleton.class) {
\n if (instance == null) {
\n instance = new Singleton(); \/\/ \u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u6392
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n return instance;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0volatile，instance = new Singleton()\u00a0\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u6392\u4e3a：\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58 -> \u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u8d4b\u7ed9instance -> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94（\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42），\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ecd\u5728，CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38，\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u76d1\u63a7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u8017\u5c3d：\u901a\u8fc7jstack\u67e5\u770b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5806\u6808，\u786e\u8ba4\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u6216\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b7b\u9501：\u4f7f\u7528jstack\u6216JConsole\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b7b\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u589e\u52a0\u76d1\u63a7：\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u70b9（\u5982Spring Boot Actuator），\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf（\u5982Kubernetes liveness probe）\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5，\u53d1\u73b0\u5047\u6b7b\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6b65\u5757\u8fc7\u5927\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
Spring Boot Actuator\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u70b9：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# application.yml
\nmanagement:
\n endpoints:
\n web:
\n exposure:
\n include: health,info<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5（\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
@Component
\npublic class CustomHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {
\n @Autowired
\n private DataSource dataSource;<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public Health health() {
\n try {
\n dataSource.getConnection().close(); \/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5
\n return Health.up().build();
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n return Health.down(e).build();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
Kubernetes\u63a2\u9488\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
livenessProbe:
\n httpGet:
\n path: \/actuator\/health\/liveness
\n port: 8080
\n initialDelaySeconds: 30
\n periodSeconds: 10<\/p>\n
\u6b7b\u9501\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ee3\u7801（\u53ef\u653e\u5728\u76d1\u63a7\u811a\u672c\u4e2d）：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528jstack\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b7b\u9501
\njstack -l <pid> | grep -A 10 "Found one Java-level deadlock"<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97（\u5982MapReduce\u3001Spark\u3001Flink）\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747，\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u8282\u70b9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u9ad8，\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5206\u533a\u952e\u3001\u52a0\u76d0（\u968f\u673a\u524d\u7f00）\u3001\u4e8c\u6b21\u805a\u5408\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03：\u67e5\u770b\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6216\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ed\u70b9Key：\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237ID\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7279\u522b\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u52a0\u76d0\u5904\u7406：\u5728Key\u4e0a\u52a0\u968f\u673a\u540e\u7f00，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6253\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4e8c\u6b21\u805a\u5408：\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u52a0\u76d0\u5904\u7406，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u53bb\u6389\u540e\u7f00\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u5206\u533a\u952e：\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u5e03\u66f4\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u533a\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Flink\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u503e\u659c）：<\/p>\n
\u539f\u59cbKeyBy\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u503e\u659c：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
DataStream<Order> stream = …;
\nstream.keyBy(Order::getUserId).process(new MyProcessFunction());<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u76d0\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
int parallelism = 10; \/\/ \u5e76\u884c\u5ea6
\nDataStream<Order> stream = …;
\nstream
\n .map(order -> {
\n \/\/ \u52a0\u968f\u673a\u540e\u7f00（0~parallelism-1）
\n String saltedKey = order.getUserId() + "_" + ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(parallelism);
\n return Tuple2.of(saltedKey, order);
\n })
\n .keyBy(t -> t.f0)
\n .process(new SaltedProcessFunction())
\n .map(t -> t.f1); \/\/ \u53bb\u9664\u76d0<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528：\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5546\u6237ID\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6781\u5927，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8be5\u5546\u6237ID\u8fdb\u884c\u53d6\u6a21+\u968f\u673a\u540e\u7f00，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d，\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u9700\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5982\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f02\u5e38，\u907f\u514d\u6545\u969c\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb，\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u7840\u76d1\u63a7（CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58）\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u76d1\u63a7（QPS\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387）\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7（\u8ba2\u5355\u91cf\u3001\u6210\u529f\u7387）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u90e8\u7f72\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177：Prometheus + Grafana \u6536\u96c6\u6307\u6807，ELK\u6536\u96c6\u65e5\u5fd7，SkyWalking\u8fdb\u884c\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6807：\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210Micrometer，\u66b4\u9732\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219：\u5728Prometheus\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6eAlertmanager，\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u9489\u9489\u7b49\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u4eea\u8868\u76d8：\u5728Grafana\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807，\u65b9\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Micrometer\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6807）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry;
\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;<\/p>\n
@RestController
\npublic class MetricController {
\n private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;<\/p>\n
public MetricController(MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
\n this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
\n }<\/p>\n
@GetMapping("\/api\/order")
\n public String createOrder() {
\n \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570
\n meterRegistry.counter("order.create.count").increment();
\n \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u8017\u65f6
\n long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
\n \/\/ \u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91…
\n long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() – start;
\n meterRegistry.timer("order.create.duration").record(duration, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
\n return "success";
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
Prometheus\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# prometheus.yml
\nscrape_configs:
\n – job_name: 'spring-boot-app'
\n metrics_path: '\/actuator\/prometheus'
\n static_configs:
\n – targets: ['localhost:8080']<\/p>\n
\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
groups:
\n – name: example
\n rules:
\n – alert: HighErrorRate
\n expr: rate(http_server_requests_seconds_count{status=~"5.."}[1m]) > 0.05
\n for: 1m
\n annotations:
\n summary: "High error rate detected"<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f\u540e，\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5229\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5806\u6808\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7：\u4f7f\u7528ELK\u6216Splunk\u641c\u7d22\u9519\u8bef\u5806\u6808，\u5173\u6ce8\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a：\u901a\u8fc7SkyWalking\u6216Zipkin\u67e5\u770b\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u7528\u94fe，\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8017\u65f6\u957f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5206\u6790：\u4f7f\u7528jstack dump\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5206\u6790：\u5f00\u542f\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7，\u627e\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u6162\u7684SQL，\u4f7f\u7528explain\u5206\u6790\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u6790：\u67e5\u770bCPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u7b49\u6307\u6807，\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5806\u6808）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
\nimport java.lang.management.ThreadInfo;
\nimport java.lang.management.ThreadMXBean;<\/p>\n
public class ThreadDumpUtil {
\n public static String dumpThreads() {
\n ThreadMXBean threadMXBean = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean();
\n ThreadInfo[] threadInfos = threadMXBean.dumpAllThreads(true, true);
\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
\n for (ThreadInfo info : threadInfos) {
\n sb.append(info.toString());
\n }
\n return sb.toString();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u770bJava\u8fdb\u7a0bCPU\u5360\u7528\u9ad8\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b
\ntop -H -p <pid>
\nprintf "%x\\\\n" <thread-id> # \u8f6c\u4e3a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236
\njstack <pid> | grep -A 10 <thread-hex><\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6162\u67e5\u8be2（MySQL）
\nSET GLOBAL slow_query_log = ON;
\nSET GLOBAL long_query_time = 2; # \u8d85\u8fc72\u79d2\u8bb0\u5f55
\ntail -f \/var\/log\/mysql\/mysql-slow.log<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f\u540e，\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1，\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u6574\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5236\u5b9a\u5e94\u6025\u9884\u6848，\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u964d\u7ea7\u3001\u7194\u65ad\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4fee\u590d\u7b49；\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d；\u4e8b\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6545\u969c\u590d\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u7acb\u5373\u6b62\u635f：\u6839\u636e\u9884\u6848\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u91cd\u542f\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5207\u6d41\u3001\u964d\u7ea7\u975e\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u7194\u65ad\u964d\u7ea7：\u4f7f\u7528Sentinel\u6216Hystrix\u7194\u65ad\u5f02\u5e38\u670d\u52a1，\u9632\u6b62\u96ea\u5d29\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6570\u636e\u4fee\u590d：\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f，\u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u6216\u6267\u884c\u8865\u507f\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6062\u590d\u540e\u9a8c\u8bc1：\u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38，\u9010\u6b65\u6062\u590d\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6545\u969c\u590d\u76d8：\u8bb0\u5f55\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u63aa\u65bd，\u5f62\u6210\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（Sentinel\u7194\u65ad\u964d\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
\nimport com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;<\/p>\n
@RestController
\npublic class ProductController {
\n @GetMapping("\/product\/{id}")
\n @SentinelResource(value = "getProduct", blockHandler = "handleBlock")
\n public Product getProduct(@PathVariable String id) {
\n \/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528
\n return productService.getProduct(id);
\n }<\/p>\n
public Product handleBlock(String id, BlockException ex) {
\n \/\/ \u964d\u7ea7\u903b\u8f91，\u8fd4\u56de\u515c\u5e95\u6570\u636e
\n return new Product(id, "\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5546\u54c1", 0.0);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u91cd\u542f\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b（\u4f7f\u7528Shell）：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash
\nAPP_NAME="myapp.jar"
\nPID=$(ps -ef | grep $APP_NAME | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
\nif [ -n "$PID" ]; then
\n kill -15 $PID
\n sleep 10
\nfi
\nnohup java -jar $APP_NAME > app.log 2>&1 &
\necho "Application restarted"<\/p>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd，\u907f\u514d\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u538b\u6d4b\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u7070\u5ea6\u53d1\u5e03\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u707e\u5907\u6f14\u7ec3\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u4f7f\u7528JMeter\u6216LoadRunner\u6a21\u62df\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1，\u53d1\u73b0\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5：\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ee3\u7801，\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u53d1\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u7070\u5ea6\u53d1\u5e03：\u91c7\u7528\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0\u53d1\u5e03，\u5148\u8ba9\u5c11\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7248\u672c，\u89c2\u5bdf\u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u518d\u5168\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5bb9\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30：\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\u9884\u4f30\u6d41\u91cf，\u63d0\u524d\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u707e\u5907\u6f14\u7ec3：\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u5907\u5207\u6362\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u6f14\u7ec3，\u786e\u4fdd\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9650\u6d41\u9884\u9632）：<\/p>\n
java<\/p>\n
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;<\/p>\n
@RestController
\npublic class LoginController {
\n private final RateLimiter rateLimiter = RateLimiter.create(100); \/\/ \u6bcf\u79d2100\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
@GetMapping("\/login")
\n public String login() {
\n if (!rateLimiter.tryAcquire()) {
\n return "\u7cfb\u7edf\u7e41\u5fd9，\u8bf7\u7a0d\u540e\u518d\u8bd5";
\n }
\n \/\/ \u767b\u5f55\u903b\u8f91
\n return "success";
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u538b\u6d4b\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b（JMeter）：\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7JMeter GUI\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8ba1\u5212，\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c：<\/p>\n
bash<\/p>\n
jmeter -n -t testplan.jmx -l results.jtl -e -o report\/<\/p>\n
Kubernetes\u6eda\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0（\u7070\u5ea6\u53d1\u5e03）：<\/p>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
apiVersion: apps\/v1
\nkind: Deployment
\nmetadata:
\n name: myapp
\nspec:
\n replicas: 10
\n strategy:
\n type: RollingUpdate
\n rollingUpdate:
\n maxSurge: 1
\n maxUnavailable: 0
\n template:
\n spec:
\n containers:
\n – name: myapp
\n image: myapp:1.0.1
\n readinessProbe:
\n httpGet:
\n path: \/actuator\/health\/readiness
\n port: 8080
\n initialDelaySeconds: 10
\n livenessProbe:
\n httpGet:
\n path: \/actuator\/health\/liveness
\n port: 8080<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e00\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u95ee\u98981.1 \u7f13\u5b58\u7a7f\u900f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7528\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668（Bloom Filter）\u62e6\u622a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u636eID\u5168\u90e8\u653e\u5165\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6，\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8be5key\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5224\u65ad\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a，\u907f\u514d\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728，\u5219\u8d70\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u903b\u8f91\u3002Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b（\u4f7f\u7528G<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[664,3433],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-78725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-664","tag-3433"],"yoast_head":"\n