{"id":78143,"date":"2026-02-26T10:05:49","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T02:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/78143.html"},"modified":"2026-02-26T10:05:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T02:05:49","slug":"rust%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6%ef%bc%9afuture%e6%89%8b%e5%8a%a8%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e3%80%81stream%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/78143.html","title":{"rendered":"Rust\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u8fdb\u9636\uff1aFuture\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001Stream\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65\u5b89\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rust\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u8fdb\u9636：Future\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001Stream\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65\u5b89\u5168<\/h2>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Future\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Future？<\/h4>\n

💡\u5728Rust\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528async\/await\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801，\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2，\u9690\u85cf\u4e86Future\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Future\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684：<\/p>\n

  • \u8c03\u8bd5\u9700\u6c42：\u5f53\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u51fa\u73b0\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684Bug\u65f6，\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Future\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u624b\u52a8\u4f18\u5316Future\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514dasync\/await\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u5c0f\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c：\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684Future\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5b66\u4e60\u5f02\u6b65\u539f\u7406：\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Future\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3Rust\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n

    1.2 \u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Future\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h4>\n

    \u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Future，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n

    1. \u5b9a\u4e49Future\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/h5>\n

    Future\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdfFuture：<\/p>\n

    use<\/span> std::<\/span>future::<\/span><\/span>Future<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>pin::<\/span><\/span>Pin<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>task::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> Poll<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Duration<\/span>,<\/span> Instant<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5ef6\u8fdfFuture\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/span>
    \npub<\/span> struct<\/span> Delay<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n when:<\/span> Instant<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    impl<\/span> Delay<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5ef6\u8fdfFuture\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>
    \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>duration:<\/span> Duration<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n Delay<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n when:<\/span> Instant<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> duration,<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u5b9e\u73b0Future trait<\/h5>\n

    Future trait\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662fpoll\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a8\u8fdb\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eDelay Future：<\/p>\n

    impl<\/span> Future<\/span> for<\/span> Delay<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n type<\/span> Output<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n

    fn<\/span> poll<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>:<\/span> Pin<\/span><<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> Self<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> cx:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> Context<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Poll<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>::<\/span>Output<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> when =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>when;<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u8fbe\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> Instant<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> >=<\/span> when {<\/span>
    \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Delay completed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Ready<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6Waker，\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u5524\u9192\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> waker =<\/span> cx.<\/span>waker<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> when =<\/span> when;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u5524\u9192\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>thread::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>move<\/span> |<\/span>|<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> now =<\/span> Instant<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> now <<\/span> when {<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>thread::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>when –<\/span> now)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n waker.<\/span>wake<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5524\u9192\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
    \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Waker called"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Pending<\/span> \/\/ \u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. \u4f7f\u7528Future<\/h5>\n

    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Delay Future：<\/p>\n

    use<\/span> tokio;<\/span><\/p>\n

    #[tokio::main]<\/span>
    \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Start"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n Delay<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"End"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    1.3 \u590d\u6742Future：\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u4e0ePin<\/h4>\n

    \u5f53Future\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Pin trait\u6765\u786e\u4fddFuture\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u81ea\u5f15\u7528Future：<\/p>\n

    use<\/span> std::<\/span>future::<\/span><\/span>Future<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>pin::<\/span><\/span>Pin<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>task::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> Poll<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/span>
    \nstruct<\/span> MySelfRef<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n data:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
    \n ptr:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>*<\/span>const<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    impl<\/span> MySelfRef<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n MySelfRef<\/span> {<\/span> data:<\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span> ptr:<\/span> None<\/span> }<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    impl<\/span> Future<\/span> for<\/span> MySelfRef<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n type<\/span> Output<\/span> =<\/span> &<\/span>'static<\/span> str<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    fn<\/span> poll<\/span>(<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>:<\/span> Pin<\/span><<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> Self<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> cx:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> Context<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Poll<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>::<\/span>Output<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528poll\u65f6，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6307\u9488<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>data.<\/span>is_none<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n self<\/span>.<\/span>data =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello, Self Ref!"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> data_ptr =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>data.<\/span>as_ref<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> *<\/span>const<\/span> String<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n self<\/span>.<\/span>ptr =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>data_ptr)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u5524\u9192\u81ea\u5df1，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8c03\u7528poll<\/span>
    \n cx.<\/span>waker<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>wake_by_ref<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n return<\/span> Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Pending<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8c03\u7528poll\u65f6，\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> ptr =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>ptr.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528unsafe\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u4fddptr\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027，\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> data =<\/span> unsafe<\/span> {<\/span> &<\/span>*<\/span>ptr }<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Ready<\/span>(<\/span>data.<\/span>as_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    #[tokio::main]<\/span>
    \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> future =<\/span> MySelfRef<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{}"<\/span>,<\/span> future.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f\u6ce8\u610f：\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fdd\u53cdRust\u7684\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u786e\u4fddFuture\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u624d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    1.4 \u94fe\u5f0fFuture：\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u8f6c\u6362<\/h4>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2aFuture\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5b9e\u73b0map\u548cand_then\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26：<\/p>\n

    use<\/span> std::<\/span>future::<\/span><\/span>Future<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>pin::<\/span><\/span>Pin<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>task::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> Poll<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ Map\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>
    \npub<\/span> struct<\/span> Map<\/span><<\/span>Fut<\/span>,<\/span> F<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n future:<\/span> Fut<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n fun:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>F<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    impl<\/span><<\/span>Fut<\/span>,<\/span> F<\/span>,<\/span> T<\/span>><\/span> Map<\/span><<\/span>Fut<\/span>,<\/span> F<\/span>><\/span>
    \nwhere<\/span>
    \n Fut<\/span>:<\/span> Future<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n F<\/span>:<\/span> FnOnce<\/span>(<\/span>Fut<\/span>::<\/span>Output<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> T<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n{<\/span>
    \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>future:<\/span> Fut<\/span>,<\/span> fun:<\/span> F<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n Map<\/span> {<\/span> future,<\/span> fun:<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>fun)<\/span> }<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    impl<\/span><<\/span>Fut<\/span>,<\/span> F<\/span>,<\/span> T<\/span>><\/span> Future<\/span> for<\/span> Map<\/span><<\/span>Fut<\/span>,<\/span> F<\/span>><\/span>
    \nwhere<\/span>
    \n Fut<\/span>:<\/span> Future<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n F<\/span>:<\/span> FnOnce<\/span>(<\/span>Fut<\/span>::<\/span>Output<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> T<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n{<\/span>
    \n type<\/span> Output<\/span> =<\/span> T<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    fn<\/span> poll<\/span>(<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>:<\/span> Pin<\/span><<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> Self<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> cx:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> Context<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Poll<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>::<\/span>Output<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u63a8\u8fdb\u5185\u90e8Future\u7684\u6267\u884c<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> result =<\/span> match<\/span> Pin<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>future)<\/span>.<\/span>poll<\/span>(<\/span>cx)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Ready<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span> =><\/span> result,<\/span>
    \n Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Pending<\/span> =><\/span> return<\/span> Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Pending<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> fun =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>fun.<\/span>take<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Ready<\/span>(<\/span>fun<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u4e3aFuture\u6dfb\u52a0map\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>
    \npub<\/span> trait<\/span> FutureExt<\/span>:<\/span> Future<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n fn<\/span> map<\/span><<\/span>F<\/span>,<\/span> T<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> fun:<\/span> F<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Map<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>,<\/span> F<\/span>><\/span>
    \n where<\/span>
    \n Self<\/span>:<\/span> Sized<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n F<\/span>:<\/span> FnOnce<\/span>(<\/span>Self<\/span>::<\/span>Output<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> T<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n {<\/span>
    \n Map<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> fun)<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    impl<\/span><<\/span>Fut<\/span>:<\/span> Future<\/span>><\/span> FutureExt<\/span> for<\/span> Fut<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
    \n#[tokio::main]<\/span>
    \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n let<\/span> future =<\/span> Delay<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>_|<\/span><\/span> "Delay completed!"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{}"<\/span>,<\/span> future.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5f02\u6b65Stream：\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u6d41<\/h3>\n

    2.1 Stream\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7279\u5f81<\/h4>\n

    💡Stream\u662fRust\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eIterator，\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u3002Stream trait\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    use<\/span> std::<\/span>pin::<\/span><\/span>Pin<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>task::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> Poll<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    pub<\/span> trait<\/span> Stream<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n type<\/span> Item<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n fn<\/span> poll_next<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>:<\/span> Pin<\/span><<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> Self<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> cx:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> Context<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Poll<\/span><<\/span>Option<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>::<\/span>Item<\/span>>><\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u53ef\u9009\u65b9\u6cd5：\u8fd4\u56deStream\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u957f\u5ea6<\/span>
    \n fn<\/span> size_hint<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> (<\/span>usize<\/span>,<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>usize<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n (<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    Stream\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662fpoll_next\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5b83\u8fd4\u56dePoll<Option<Self::Item>>，\u8868\u793a：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Poll::Ready(Some(item))：\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Poll::Ready(None)：\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Poll::Pending：\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e2d\u6682\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u5143\u7d20，\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528poll_next\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2.2 Stream\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

      tokio-stream\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Stream\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5728Cargo.toml\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

      [dependencies]
      \ntokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
      \ntokio-stream = "0.1"
      \nfutures = "0.3"<\/p>\n

      for_each：\u904d\u5386Stream<\/h5>\n

      use<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>StreamExt<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span>wrappers::<\/span><\/span>IntervalStream<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcf1\u79d2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684Stream<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream =<\/span> IntervalStream<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>interval<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u904d\u5386Stream<\/span>
      \n stream.<\/span>take<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>instant|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Current time: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> instant)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      filter：\u8fc7\u6ee4Stream<\/h5>\n

      use<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>StreamExt<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream =<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u5076\u6570<\/span>
      \n stream.<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> *<\/span>x %<\/span> 2<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Even number: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      map：\u8f6c\u6362Stream<\/h5>\n

      use<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>StreamExt<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream =<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e58\u4ee52<\/span>
      \n stream.<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> x *<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Doubled number: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.3 Stream\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

      buffer_unordered：\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406Stream<\/h5>\n

      use<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>StreamExt<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      async<\/span> fn<\/span> process<\/span>(<\/span>item:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> i32<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n item *<\/span> 2<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream =<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406Stream，\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u74063\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
      \n stream
      \n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>process<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>buffer_unordered<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>result|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> doubled =<\/span> result.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Doubled number: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> doubled)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      zip：\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2aStream<\/h5>\n

      use<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>StreamExt<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream1 =<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>"a"<\/span>,<\/span> "b"<\/span>,<\/span> "c"<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream2 =<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2aStream<\/span>
      \n stream1.<\/span>zip<\/span>(<\/span>stream2)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span>|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{}: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> b)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      merge：\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2aStream（\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1）<\/h5>\n

      use<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>StreamExt<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream1 =<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
      \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_millis<\/span>(<\/span>100<\/span> *<\/span> x)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n x
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream2 =<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
      \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_millis<\/span>(<\/span>50<\/span> *<\/span> x)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n x
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2aStream，\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/span>
      \n stream1.<\/span>merge<\/span>(<\/span>stream2)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Number: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.4 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49Stream\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Stream，\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u5668Stream：<\/p>\n

      use<\/span> std::<\/span>pin::<\/span><\/span>Pin<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>task::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> Poll<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span><\/span>Stream<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      pub<\/span> struct<\/span> Counter<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n count:<\/span> usize<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n max:<\/span> usize<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      impl<\/span> Counter<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>max:<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n Counter<\/span> {<\/span> count:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> max }<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      impl<\/span> Stream<\/span> for<\/span> Counter<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n type<\/span> Item<\/span> =<\/span> usize<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      fn<\/span> poll_next<\/span>(<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>:<\/span> Pin<\/span><<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> Self<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> cx:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> Context<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Poll<\/span><<\/span>Option<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>::<\/span>Item<\/span>>><\/span> {<\/span>
      \n if<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>count <<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>max {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> current =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>count;<\/span>
      \n self<\/span>.<\/span>count +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Ready<\/span>(<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>current)<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n Poll<\/span>::<\/span>Ready<\/span>(<\/span>None<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      fn<\/span> size_hint<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> (<\/span>usize<\/span>,<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>usize<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n (<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>max –<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>count,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>max –<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>count)<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream =<\/span> Counter<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n stream.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>x|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Count: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.5 \u5b9e\u6218：\u4f7f\u7528Stream\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d41<\/h4>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Stream\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d41，\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2aSSE（Server-Sent Events）\u670d\u52a1：<\/p>\n

      use<\/span> axum::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>
      \n extract::<\/span><\/span>State<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n http::<\/span><\/span>StatusCode<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n response::<\/span><\/span>IntoResponse<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n routing::<\/span><\/span>get,<\/span>
      \n Router<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n}<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> tokio_stream::<\/span>wrappers::<\/span><\/span>IntervalStream<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>sync::<\/span><\/span>Arc<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>atomic::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>AtomicUsize<\/span>,<\/span> Ordering<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001<\/span>
      \n#[derive(Clone)]<\/span>
      \nstruct<\/span> AppState<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n counter:<\/span> Arc<\/span><<\/span>AtomicUsize<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      impl<\/span> AppState<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n AppState<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n counter:<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>AtomicUsize<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ SSE\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> sse_handler<\/span>(<\/span>State<\/span>(<\/span>state)<\/span>:<\/span> State<\/span><<\/span>AppState<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> impl<\/span> IntoResponse<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcf1\u79d2\u9012\u589e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684Stream<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> stream =<\/span> IntervalStream<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>interval<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>_|<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> count =<\/span> state.<\/span>counter.<\/span>fetch_add<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> Ordering<\/span>::<\/span>Relaxed<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n format!<\/span>(<\/span>"data: {}\\\\n\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> count)<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u8fd4\u56deSSE\u54cd\u5e94<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> response =<\/span> axum::<\/span>response::<\/span><\/span>Response<\/span>::<\/span>builder<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>status<\/span>(<\/span>StatusCode<\/span>::<\/span>OK<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>"Content-Type"<\/span>,<\/span> "text\/event-stream"<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>"Cache-Control"<\/span>,<\/span> "no-cache"<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>"Connection"<\/span>,<\/span> "keep-alive"<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>body<\/span>(<\/span>axum::<\/span>body::<\/span><\/span>Body<\/span>::<\/span>from_stream<\/span>(<\/span>stream)<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      response.<\/span>into_response<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[tokio::main]<\/span>
      \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> state =<\/span> AppState<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n let<\/span> app =<\/span> Router<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>route<\/span>(<\/span>"\/sse"<\/span>,<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>sse_handler)<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n .<\/span>with_state<\/span>(<\/span>state)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      let<\/span> listener =<\/span> tokio::<\/span>net::<\/span><\/span>TcpListener<\/span>::<\/span>bind<\/span>(<\/span>"0.0.0.0:3000"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"SSE server running on http:\/\/0.0.0.0:3000\/sse"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n axum::<\/span><\/span>serve<\/span>(<\/span>listener,<\/span> app)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4e09\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u5b89\u5168：Send\u4e0eSync\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n

      3.1 Send\/Sync trait\u7684\u56de\u987e<\/h4>\n

      💡\u5728Rust\u4e2d，Send\u548cSync\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684trait，\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Send：\u8868\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/li>\n
      • Sync：\u8868\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab（\u5373&T\u662fSend）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2atrait\u90fd\u662f\u6807\u8bb0trait（marker trait），\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Rust\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2atrait\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.2 \u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u7684Send\/Sync\u8981\u6c42<\/h4>\n

        \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528tokio::spawn\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6，\u4efb\u52a1\u95ed\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3Send trait\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u8c03\u5ea6，\u800c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3Send trait\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f8b\u5982，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>rc::<\/span><\/span>Rc<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ Rc\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3Send trait<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> rc =<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25：Rc\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3Send trait<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Value: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>rc)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        3.3 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u975eSend\u7c7b\u578b<\/h5>\n

        \u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0，\u4f7f\u7528Rc\u3001Cell\u3001RefCell\u7b49\u975eSend\u7c7b\u578b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7248\u672c，\u5982Arc\u3001Mutex\u3001RwLock\u3002<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>sync::<\/span><\/span>Arc<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ Arc\u6ee1\u8db3Send\u548cSync trait<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> arc =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Value: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>arc)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        2. \u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/h5>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528Cell\u6216RefCell\u7b49\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3Sync trait\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Mutex\u6216RwLock\u3002<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>sync::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Arc<\/span>,<\/span> Mutex<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Mutex<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data_clone =<\/span> data.<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard =<\/span> data_clone.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n guard.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Data in task: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>guard)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> guard =<\/span> data.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Data in main: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>guard)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        3. \u672a\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528Pin<\/h5>\n

        \u5982\u679cFuture\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e14\u672a\u4f7f\u7528Pin，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.4 \u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u590d\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n

        \u4fee\u590d\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

      • \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b：\u5c06Rc\u66ff\u6362\u4e3aArc，Cell\/RefCell\u66ff\u6362\u4e3aMutex\/RwLock\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u786e\u4fddFuture\u6ee1\u8db3Send trait：\u68c0\u67e5Future\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u975eSend\u5b57\u6bb5，\u5982\u6709\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u4e3aSend\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528Pin：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684Future，\u4f7f\u7528Pin\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528UnsafeCell：\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u4f7f\u7528UnsafeCell\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u53d8\u6027，\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u6b65\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n

        3.5 \u5f02\u6b65\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n
      • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7c7b\u578b：\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528Arc\u3001Mutex\u3001RwLock\u7b49\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u975eSend\u7c7b\u578b：\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Rc\u3001Cell\u3001RefCell\u7b49\u975eSend\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528Tokio\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed：Tokio\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u7248\u672c\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed，\u5982tokio::sync::Mutex\u3001tokio::sync::RwLock，\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u68c0\u67e5Send\/Sync\u8981\u6c42：\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3Send\/Sync\u8981\u6c42，\u907f\u514d\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n

        \u56db\u3001async Trait\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5e94\u7528（Rust 1.75+\u7a33\u5b9a）<\/h3>\n

        4.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981async Trait？<\/h4>\n

        💡\u5728Rust\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528trait\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u63a5\u53e3，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4f20\u7edf\u7684trait\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u662fFuture，\u800cFuture\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f8b\u5982，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25：<\/p>\n

        trait<\/span> MyTrait<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> do_something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25：async\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5728trait\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，Rust 1.75+\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684async Trait，\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728trait\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

        4.2 async Trait\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528async Trait\u9700\u8981\u542f\u7528async_fn_in_trait\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5728Cargo.toml\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0：<\/p>\n

        [dependencies]
        \nasync-trait = "0.1" # \u867d\u7136Rust 1.75+\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86，\u4f46async-trait\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n

        \u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728trait\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> async_trait::<\/span><\/span>async_trait;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \ntrait<\/span> MyTrait<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> do_something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        struct<\/span> MyStruct<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \nimpl<\/span> MyTrait<\/span> for<\/span> MyStruct<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> do_something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n "Hello from MyStruct!"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> my_struct =<\/span> MyStruct<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{}"<\/span>,<\/span> my_struct.<\/span>do_something<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.3 async Trait\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n

        async Trait\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5c06\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPin<Box<dyn Future<Output = T> + Send + 'async>>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9aFuture\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f8b\u5982，#[async_trait]\u5b8f\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \ntrait<\/span> MyTrait<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> do_something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

        trait<\/span> MyTrait<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n fn<\/span> do_something<\/span><<\/span>'async<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>'async<\/span> self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Pin<\/span><<\/span>Box<\/span><<\/span>dyn<\/span> Future<\/span><<\/span>Output<\/span> =<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> +<\/span> Send<\/span> +<\/span> 'async<\/span>>><\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.4 async Trait\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n

        1. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u62bd\u8c61<\/h5>\n

        \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528async Trait\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> async_trait::<\/span><\/span>async_trait;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> sqlx::<\/span><\/span>PgPool<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \npub<\/span> trait<\/span> UserRepository<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> find_by_id<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> id:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> save<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> user:<\/span> &<\/span>User<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> delete<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> id:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[derive(Debug, Clone)]<\/span>
        \npub<\/span> struct<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n pub<\/span> id:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n pub<\/span> name:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n pub<\/span> email:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        pub<\/span> struct<\/span> PostgresUserRepository<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n pool:<\/span> PgPool<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        impl<\/span> PostgresUserRepository<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>pool:<\/span> PgPool<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n PostgresUserRepository<\/span> {<\/span> pool }<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \nimpl<\/span> UserRepository<\/span> for<\/span> PostgresUserRepository<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> find_by_id<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> id:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n sqlx::<\/span><\/span>query_as!<\/span>(<\/span>
        \n User<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n "SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = $1"<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n id
        \n )<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>fetch_optional<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>pool)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        async<\/span> fn<\/span> save<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> user:<\/span> &<\/span>User<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n sqlx::<\/span><\/span>query!<\/span>(<\/span>
        \n "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES ($1, $2, $3) ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET name = $2, email = $3"<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n user.<\/span>id,<\/span> user.<\/span>name,<\/span> user.<\/span>email
        \n )<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>execute<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>pool)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        async<\/span> fn<\/span> delete<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> id:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n sqlx::<\/span><\/span>query!<\/span>(<\/span>"DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1"<\/span>,<\/span> id)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>execute<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>pool)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
        \n#[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> pool =<\/span> sqlx::<\/span><\/span>PgPool<\/span>::<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>"postgresql:\/\/user:password@localhost:5432\/mydb"<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> repo =<\/span> PostgresUserRepository<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>pool)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> user =<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n id:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n name:<\/span> "Alice"<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n email:<\/span> "alice@example.com"<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        repo.<\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>user)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"User saved"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> found_user =<\/span> repo.<\/span>find_by_id<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"User found: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> found_user)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        repo.<\/span>delete<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"User deleted"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        2. HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u62bd\u8c61<\/h5>\n

        \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528async Trait\u62bd\u8c61HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6362HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> async_trait::<\/span><\/span>async_trait;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> reqwest::<\/span><\/span>Client<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \npub<\/span> trait<\/span> HttpClient<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> url:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> url:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> body:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        pub<\/span> struct<\/span> ReqwestHttpClient<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n client:<\/span> Client<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        impl<\/span> ReqwestHttpClient<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n ReqwestHttpClient<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n client:<\/span> Client<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \nimpl<\/span> HttpClient<\/span> for<\/span> ReqwestHttpClient<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> url:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n self<\/span>.<\/span>client
        \n .<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>url)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>text<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        async<\/span> fn<\/span> post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> url:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> body:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n self<\/span>.<\/span>client
        \n .<\/span>post<\/span>(<\/span>url)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>body<\/span>(<\/span>body.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>text<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>await<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
        \n#[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> client =<\/span> ReqwestHttpClient<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> url =<\/span> "https:\/\/httpbin.org\/get"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> response =<\/span> client.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>url)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"GET response: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> response)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> url =<\/span> "https:\/\/httpbin.org\/post"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> body =<\/span> r#"{"name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com"}"#<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> response =<\/span> client.<\/span>post<\/span>(<\/span>url,<\/span> body)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"POST response: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> response)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.5 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316：\u4f7f\u7528static async Trait<\/h4>\n

        \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，async Trait\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684Future\u662fPin<Box<dyn Future<Output = T> + Send + 'async>>，\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u53c2\u6570'async\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528static async Trait，\u5b83\u5c06\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPin<Box<dyn Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static>>，\u8fd9\u6837Future\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> async_trait::<\/span><\/span>async_trait;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \ntrait<\/span> MyTrait<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> do_something_static<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span>
        \n where<\/span>
        \n Self<\/span>:<\/span> Sync<\/span> +<\/span> Send<\/span> +<\/span> 'static<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8981\u6c42Self\u6ee1\u8db3Send\u3001Sync\u548c'static<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        struct<\/span> MyStruct<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[async_trait]<\/span>
        \nimpl<\/span> MyTrait<\/span> for<\/span> MyStruct<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> do_something_static<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span>
        \n where<\/span>
        \n Self<\/span>:<\/span> Sync<\/span> +<\/span> Send<\/span> +<\/span> 'static<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n {<\/span>
        \n "Hello from static async trait!"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> my_struct =<\/span> MyStruct<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{}"<\/span>,<\/span> my_struct.<\/span>do_something_static<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e94\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n

        5.1 \u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n

        1. tokio-console（Tokio\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668）<\/h5>\n

        tokio-console\u662fTokio\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177，\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5b89\u88c5tokio-console：<\/p>\n

        cargo install<\/span> tokio-console<\/p>\n

        \u5728Cargo.toml\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

        [dependencies]
        \ntokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full", "console"] }<\/p>\n

        \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528tokio-console：<\/p>\n

        RUSTFLAGS<\/span>=<\/span>"–cfg tokio_unstable"<\/span> cargo run
        \n# \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fd0\u884c<\/span>
        \ntokio-console<\/p>\n

        2. tracing（\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u8ffd\u8e2a）<\/h5>\n

        tracing\u662fRust\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6846\u67b6，\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5b89\u88c5tracing\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

        [dependencies]
        \ntracing = "0.1"
        \ntracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json"] }<\/p>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528tracing：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tracing::<\/span><\/span>info;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> tracing_subscriber::<\/span>prelude::<\/span><\/span>*<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316tracing<\/span>
        \n tracing_subscriber::<\/span><\/span>registry<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>with<\/span>(<\/span>tracing_subscriber::<\/span><\/span>EnvFilter<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>"info"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>with<\/span>(<\/span>tracing_subscriber::<\/span>fmt::<\/span><\/span>layer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>init<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        info!<\/span>(<\/span>"Start program"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n Delay<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n info!<\/span>(<\/span>"Program completed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        5.2 \u5e38\u89c1\u5f02\u6b65Bug\u7684\u6392\u67e5<\/h4>\n

        1. \u4efb\u52a1\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h5>\n

        \u4efb\u52a1\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u6307\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u53d6\u6d88，\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528tokio-console\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f8b\u5982，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u52a1\u6cc4\u6f0f：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> task =<\/span> tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n loop<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task running…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Main task completed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4fee\u590d\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>Duration<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> task =<\/span> tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n loop<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task running…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n task.<\/span>abort<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Main task completed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        2. \u6b7b\u9501<\/h5>\n

        \u6b7b\u9501\u662f\u6307\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u5b8c\u6210，\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528tracing\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f8b\u5982，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u9501：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>sync::<\/span><\/span>Arc<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> tokio::<\/span>sync::<\/span><\/span>Mutex<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data1 =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Mutex<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data2 =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Mutex<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> data1_clone =<\/span> data1.<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data2_clone =<\/span> data2.<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> task1 =<\/span> tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard1 =<\/span> data1_clone.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task1: data1 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard2 =<\/span> data2_clone.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task1: data2 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard1 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard2 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> task2 =<\/span> tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard2 =<\/span> data2.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task2: data2 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n tokio::<\/span>time::<\/span><\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>::<\/span>from_secs<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard1 =<\/span> data1.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task2: data1 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard1 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard2 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        task1.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n task2.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Data1: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>data1.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Data2: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>data2.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4fee\u590d\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> std::<\/span>sync::<\/span><\/span>Arc<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> tokio::<\/span>sync::<\/span><\/span>Mutex<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data1 =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Mutex<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data2 =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Mutex<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> data1_clone =<\/span> data1.<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> data2_clone =<\/span> data2.<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> task1 =<\/span> tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard1 =<\/span> data1_clone.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task1: data1 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard2 =<\/span> data2_clone.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task1: data2 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard1 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard2 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> task2 =<\/span> tokio::<\/span><\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard1 =<\/span> data1.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task2: data1 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> guard2 =<\/span> data2.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Task2: data2 locked"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard1 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n *<\/span>guard2 +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        task1.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n task2.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Data1: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>data1.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Data2: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>data2.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        5.3 \u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n

        1. \u706b\u7130\u56fe（Flame Graph）<\/h5>\n

        \u706b\u7130\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5，\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cargo-flamegraph\u5de5\u5177\u751f\u6210\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5b89\u88c5cargo-flamegraph：<\/p>\n

        cargo install<\/span> flamegraph<\/p>\n

        \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u706b\u7130\u56fe：<\/p>\n

        cargo flamegraph –bin my_program<\/p>\n

        2. Tokio metrics<\/h5>\n

        Tokio\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6307\u6807，\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528prometheus\u548cgrafana\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

        [dependencies]
        \naxum-prometheus = "0.4"
        \nprometheus = "0.13"<\/p>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

        use<\/span> axum_prometheus::<\/span><\/span>PrometheusMetrics<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nuse<\/span> axum::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>routing::<\/span><\/span>get,<\/span> Router<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        #[tokio::main]<\/span>
        \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> prometheus =<\/span> PrometheusMetrics<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>"api"<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>"\/metrics"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n let<\/span> app =<\/span> Router<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>route<\/span>(<\/span>"\/"<\/span>,<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>|<\/span><\/span> async<\/span> {<\/span> "Hello, World!"<\/span> }<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>route<\/span>(<\/span>"\/metrics"<\/span>,<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>prometheus.<\/span>metrics)<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n .<\/span>layer<\/span>(<\/span>prometheus.<\/span>layer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> listener =<\/span> tokio::<\/span>net::<\/span><\/span>TcpListener<\/span>::<\/span>bind<\/span>(<\/span>"0.0.0.0:3000"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n axum::<\/span><\/span>serve<\/span>(<\/span>listener,<\/span> app)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        5.4 \u5b9e\u6218：\u4f7f\u7528tokio-console\u5206\u6790HTTP API\u6027\u80fd<\/h4>\n

        \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c15\u7ae0\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fdHTTP API\u670d\u52a1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50，\u5206\u6790\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

      • \u5728Cargo.toml\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0tokio-console\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/li>\n

        [dependencies]
        \ntokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full", "console"] }<\/p>\n

      • \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/li>\n

        RUSTFLAGS<\/span>=<\/span>"–cfg tokio_unstable"<\/span> cargo run<\/p>\n

      • \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fd0\u884ctokio-console：<\/li>\n

        tokio-console<\/p>\n

      • \u4f7f\u7528wrk\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5：<\/li>\n

        wrk -t12 -c400 -d30s http:\/\/localhost:3000\/users<\/p>\n

      • \u5728tokio-console\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5，\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u52a1\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n

        \u516d\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u6218：\u6784\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65Redis\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/h3>\n

        6.1 \u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n

        \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f02\u6b65Redis\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4e0b\u529f\u80fd：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u8fde\u63a5Redis\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n
        • \u53d1\u9001GET\u3001SET\u3001DEL\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n
        • \u5904\u7406Redis\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n
        • \u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u9879\u76ee\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u4f7f\u7528Tokio\u7684\u5f02\u6b65Socket\u901a\u4fe1<\/li>\n
          • \u89e3\u6790Redis\u7684RESP（Redis Serialization Protocol）\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n
          • \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefAPI<\/li>\n
          • \u652f\u6301\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            6.2 RESP\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n

            Redis\u4f7f\u7528RESP\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002RESP\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u7b80\u5355\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（Simple Strings）：\u4ee5+\u5f00\u5934，\u4ee5\\\\r\\\\n\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u9519\u8bef（Errors）：\u4ee5-\u5f00\u5934，\u4ee5\\\\r\\\\n\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u6574\u6570（Integers）：\u4ee5:\u5f00\u5934，\u4ee5\\\\r\\\\n\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u6279\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（Bulk Strings）：\u4ee5$\u5f00\u5934，\u540e\u8ddf\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u5185\u5bb9，\u4ee5\\\\r\\\\n\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u6570\u7ec4（Arrays）：\u4ee5*\u5f00\u5934，\u540e\u8ddf\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u5185\u5bb9，\u4ee5\\\\r\\\\n\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              6.3 \u5f02\u6b65Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n

              \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Tokio\u7684\u5f02\u6b65Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u73b0Redis\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42：<\/p>\n

              use<\/span> tokio::<\/span>net::<\/span><\/span>TcpStream<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nuse<\/span> tokio::<\/span>io::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>AsyncReadExt<\/span>,<\/span> AsyncWriteExt<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              #[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
              \npub<\/span> struct<\/span> RedisClient<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n stream:<\/span> TcpStream<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              impl<\/span> RedisClient<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> connect<\/span>(<\/span>addr:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> stream =<\/span> TcpStream<\/span>::<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>addr)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>RedisClient<\/span> {<\/span> stream }<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> send_command<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>,<\/span> cmd:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>&<\/span>str<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>u8<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ \u6784\u5efaRESP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> buffer =<\/span> Vec<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n buffer.<\/span>extend<\/span>(<\/span>format!<\/span>(<\/span>"*{}\\\\r\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> cmd.<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>as_bytes<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n for<\/span> arg in<\/span> cmd {<\/span>
              \n buffer.<\/span>extend<\/span>(<\/span>format!<\/span>(<\/span>"${}\\\\r\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> arg.<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>as_bytes<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n buffer.<\/span>extend<\/span>(<\/span>arg.<\/span>as_bytes<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n buffer.<\/span>extend<\/span>(<\/span>b"\\\\r\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u547d\u4ee4<\/span>
              \n self<\/span>.<\/span>stream.<\/span>write_all<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>buffer)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> response =<\/span> Vec<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n self<\/span>.<\/span>stream.<\/span>read_to_end<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> response)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              Ok<\/span>(<\/span>response)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              6.4 \u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n

              \u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0RESP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668，\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790Redis\u7684\u54cd\u5e94：<\/p>\n

              use<\/span> std::<\/span><\/span>str<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]<\/span>
              \npub<\/span> enum<\/span> RedisValue<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n SimpleString<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n Error<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n Integer<\/span>(<\/span>i64<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n BulkString<\/span>(<\/span>Option<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>u8<\/span>>><\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n Array<\/span>(<\/span>Option<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>>><\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              impl<\/span> RedisValue<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n pub<\/span> fn<\/span> parse<\/span>(<\/span>buffer:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>u8<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>,<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> index =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              match<\/span> buffer[<\/span>index]<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n b'+'<\/span> =><\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>parse_simple_string<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> index)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n b'-'<\/span> =><\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>parse_error<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> index)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n b':'<\/span> =><\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>parse_integer<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> index)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n b'$'<\/span> =><\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>parse_bulk_string<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> index)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n b'*'<\/span> =><\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>parse_array<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> index)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n _ =><\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>format!<\/span>(<\/span>"Unknown RESP type: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> buffer[<\/span>index]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              fn<\/span> parse_simple_string<\/span>(<\/span>buffer:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>u8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> index:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>,<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> end =<\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>find_crlf<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>.<\/span>ok_or<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid simple string"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> value =<\/span> str<\/span>::<\/span>from_utf8<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>buffer[<\/span>*<\/span>index..<\/span>end]<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>SimpleString<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              fn<\/span> parse_error<\/span>(<\/span>buffer:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>u8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> index:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>,<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> end =<\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>find_crlf<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>.<\/span>ok_or<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid error"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> value =<\/span> str<\/span>::<\/span>from_utf8<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>buffer[<\/span>*<\/span>index..<\/span>end]<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>Error<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              fn<\/span> parse_integer<\/span>(<\/span>buffer:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>u8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> index:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>,<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> end =<\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>find_crlf<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>.<\/span>ok_or<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid integer"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> value =<\/span> str<\/span>::<\/span>from_utf8<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>buffer[<\/span>*<\/span>index..<\/span>end]<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>parse<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>i64<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>Integer<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              fn<\/span> parse_bulk_string<\/span>(<\/span>buffer:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>u8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> index:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>,<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> end =<\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>find_crlf<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>.<\/span>ok_or<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid bulk string"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> length =<\/span> str<\/span>::<\/span>from_utf8<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>buffer[<\/span>*<\/span>index..<\/span>end]<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>parse<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>i64<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              if<\/span> length ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n return<\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>BulkString<\/span>(<\/span>None<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> end =<\/span> *<\/span>index +<\/span> length as<\/span> usize<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span> ><\/span> buffer.<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n return<\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid bulk string length"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              let<\/span> value =<\/span> buffer[<\/span>*<\/span>index..<\/span>end]<\/span>.<\/span>to_vec<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>BulkString<\/span>(<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              fn<\/span> parse_array<\/span>(<\/span>buffer:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>u8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> index:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>,<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> end =<\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>find_crlf<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>.<\/span>ok_or<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid array"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> length =<\/span> str<\/span>::<\/span>from_utf8<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>buffer[<\/span>*<\/span>index..<\/span>end]<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>parse<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>i64<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n .<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              if<\/span> length ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n return<\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>Array<\/span>(<\/span>None<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              let<\/span> mut<\/span> array =<\/span> Vec<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> end +<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n for<\/span> _ in<\/span> 0<\/span>..<\/span>length {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> (<\/span>value,<\/span> new_index)<\/span> =<\/span> Self<\/span>::<\/span>parse<\/span>(<\/span>buffer,<\/span> index)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n array.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n *<\/span>index =<\/span> new_index;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>Array<\/span>(<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>array)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>index)<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              fn<\/span> find_crlf<\/span>(<\/span>buffer:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>u8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> start:<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>usize<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n buffer[<\/span>start..<\/span>]<\/span>.<\/span>windows<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>position<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>w|<\/span><\/span> w ==<\/span> b"\\\\r\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>pos|<\/span><\/span> start +<\/span> pos)<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              6.5 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aefAPI\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n

              \u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefAPI，\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001GET\u3001SET\u3001DEL\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

              impl<\/span> RedisClient<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>,<\/span> key:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> response =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>send_command<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>[<\/span>"GET"<\/span>,<\/span> key]<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> (<\/span>value,<\/span> _)<\/span> =<\/span> RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>parse<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>response)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n match<\/span> value {<\/span>
              \n RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>BulkString<\/span>(<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>
              \n str<\/span>::<\/span>from_utf8<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>data)<\/span>.<\/span>map_err<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>e|<\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n )<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>BulkString<\/span>(<\/span>None<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>None<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n _ =><\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid GET response"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> set<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>,<\/span> key:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> value:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> response =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>send_command<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>[<\/span>"SET"<\/span>,<\/span> key,<\/span> value]<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> (<\/span>value,<\/span> _)<\/span> =<\/span> RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>parse<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>response)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n match<\/span> value {<\/span>
              \n RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>SimpleString<\/span>(<\/span>s)<\/span> if<\/span> s ==<\/span> "OK"<\/span> =><\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n _ =><\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>format!<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid SET response: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> del<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>,<\/span> key:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>usize<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> response =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>send_command<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>[<\/span>"DEL"<\/span>,<\/span> key]<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> (<\/span>value,<\/span> _)<\/span> =<\/span> RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>parse<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>response)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n match<\/span> value {<\/span>
              \n RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>Integer<\/span>(<\/span>n)<\/span> =><\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>n as<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n _ =><\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid DEL response"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> ping<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> response =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>send_command<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>[<\/span>"PING"<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> (<\/span>value,<\/span> _)<\/span> =<\/span> RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>parse<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>response)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n match<\/span> value {<\/span>
              \n RedisValue<\/span>::<\/span>SimpleString<\/span>(<\/span>s)<\/span> if<\/span> s ==<\/span> "PONG"<\/span> =><\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n _ =><\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>"Invalid PING response"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              6.6 \u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n

              \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528wrk\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u6d4b\u8bd5GET\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6027\u80fd：<\/p>\n

              # \u542f\u52a8Redis\u670d\u52a1\u5668（\u5982\u679c\u672a\u542f\u52a8）<\/span>
              \nredis-server
              \n# \u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span>
              \ncargo run –example redis_test<\/p>\n

              \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

              use<\/span> tokio;<\/span>
              \nuse<\/span> rust_async_redis_client::<\/span><\/span>RedisClient<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              #[tokio::main]<\/span>
              \nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> client =<\/span> RedisClient<\/span>::<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>"127.0.0.1:6379"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n client.<\/span>ping<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Ping successful"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              client.<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>"key"<\/span>,<\/span> "value"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Set successful"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              let<\/span> value =<\/span> client.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>"key"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Get value: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              let<\/span> deleted =<\/span> client.<\/span>del<\/span>(<\/span>"key"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Deleted keys: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> deleted)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

              Rust\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3Future\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u3001Stream\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548casync Trait\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef，\u5982\u4efb\u52a1\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u975eSend\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49，\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5，\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed\u7b49\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u6df1\u5165\u638c\u63e1Rust\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f，\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Rust\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u8fdb\u9636：Future\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001Stream\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65\u5b89\u5168\u4e00\u3001Future\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0
              \n1.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0Future？
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