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3. \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u6df1\u5ea6\u6392\u67e5：\u5f53\u95ee\u9898\u85cf\u5728\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42<\/h3>\n

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3.1 \u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565：\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u201c\u95e8\u536b\u201d<\/h4>\n

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3.2 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e：\u88ab\u5168\u5c40\u201c\u52ab\u6301\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u91cf<\/h4>\n

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\u5728Linux\u4e0a，\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165 echo $http_proxy \u548c echo $https_proxy，\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u5730\u5740，\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u591a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177（\u5982wget\u3001curl）\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fe\u5f62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u4f1a\u8d70\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 unset http_proxy https_proxy \u547d\u4ee4\u4e34\u65f6\u53d6\u6d88，\u7136\u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5curl www.baidu.com\u770b\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5e38，\u4f60\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982~\/.bashrc, \/etc\/profile, \/etc\/environment）\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf，\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6b63\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3 \u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u4e0e\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6：\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u62d6\u7d2f\u201d<\/h4>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u6162\u6216\u8005\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00，\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u901a\u201d，\u800c\u662f\u201c\u592a\u6162\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8d85\u65f6\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668（Windows）\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 top \u547d\u4ee4（Linux），\u770b\u770bCPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u662f\u5426\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u78c1\u76d8，\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d8（\u901a\u5e38\u662fC\u76d8）\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u957f\u65f6\u95f4100%，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u8fde\u7f13\u5b58\u90fd\u5199\u4e0d\u8fdb\u53bb，\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u5361\u6b7b\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u5982\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u670d\u52a1）\u5360\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u6bd2\u6216\u611f\u67d3\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6316\u77ff\u75c5\u6bd2\u6216\u52d2\u7d22\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f1a\u75af\u72c2\u5360\u7528CPU\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90，\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u7be1\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e（\u5982hosts\u6587\u4ef6）\u3001\u52ab\u6301DNS，\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u963b\u6b62\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b89\u5168\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684，\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6765\u8def\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a，\u9664\u4e86\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668，\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 Process Explorer \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684DLL\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6000\u7591\u4e2d\u6bd2，\u5728\u80fd\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u9760\u8c31\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u76d8\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u88ab\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5207\u65ad，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ece\u201c\u5e72\u51c0\u201d\u7684\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e00\u4efd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4fbf\u643a\u7248\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177（\u5982curl）\u4ece\u53ef\u4fe1\u6e90\u4e0b\u8f7d\u626b\u63cf\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e，\u52a1\u5fc5\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4，\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u4fee\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cd\u590d\u611f\u67d3\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e05\u9664\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u6700\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e，\u91cd\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf，\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u590d\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u8fdb\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d<\/h3>\n

\u5f53\u4f60\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u660e\u663e\u95ee\u9898\u540e，\u5982\u679c\u6545\u969c\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u7a0d\u5fae\u786c\u6838\u4e00\u70b9，\u4f46\u638c\u63e1\u540e\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51b390%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1 \u8def\u7531\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0e\u94fe\u8def\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n

ping\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8fbe，\u800c tracert（Windows）\u6216 traceroute（Linux）\u547d\u4ee4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8def\u4e0a，\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u201c\u9a7f\u7ad9\u201d（\u8def\u7531\u8282\u70b9），\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u7ad9\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u5f88\u7b80\u5355：tracert www.baidu.com\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6，\u4f60\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u4e24\u70b9：\u4e00\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u5426\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807（\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8df3\u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u767e\u5ea6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP），\u4e8c\u662f\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u201c* * *\u201d（\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u4f60\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u8df3\u5c31\u8d85\u65f6，\u90a3\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4f60\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u63a5\u5165\u5c42；\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u67d0\u8df3\u4e4b\u540e\u5168\u90e8\u8d85\u65f6，\u90a3\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u5728\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u9aa8\u5e72\u7f51\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a（\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7981\u7528\u4e86ICMP\u56de\u5e94）\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6765\u8bf4，\u5982\u679ctracert\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u80fd\u8d70\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u673a\u623f\u7f51\u5173，\u90a3\u5c31\u8981\u8054\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e00\u8d77\u68c0\u67e5\u7269\u7406\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2 DNS\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u9879\u89e3\u51b3<\/h4>\n

DNS\u6545\u969c\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u6837，\u9664\u4e86\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790，\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684IP（\u88ab\u52ab\u6301）\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

  • \u68c0\u67e5\u672c\u5730hosts\u6587\u4ef6：\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8eDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32\\\\drivers\\\\etc\\\\hosts，\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/hosts\u3002\u7528\u8bb0\u4e8b\u672c\u6216vi\u6253\u5f00\u5b83，\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5c06\u5e38\u89c1\u57df\u540d（\u5982www.baidu.com）\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684IP\u6216127.0.0.1（\u672c\u5730\u73af\u56de）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709，\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u6216\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389（\u884c\u9996\u52a0#）\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684DNS：\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u516c\u5171DNS，\u5982114.114.114.114（\u56fd\u5185）\u62168.8.8.8（\u56fd\u9645）\u3002\u5728Windows\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539，\u6216\u5728Linux\u7684\/etc\/resolv.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540e，\u7528 ipconfig \/flushdns（Windows）\u6216 systemd-resolve –flush-caches（Linux）\u6765\u6e05\u7a7a\u672c\u5730DNS\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8bca\u65adDNS\u89e3\u6790\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b：\u4f7f\u7528 nslookup \u6216\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684 dig \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 dig www.baidu.com +trace，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5c55\u793a\u4ece\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u8ba9\u4f60\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u5230\u89e3\u6790\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u6b65\u5931\u8d25\u4e86，\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6392\u67e5\u590d\u6742\u7684DNS\u6c61\u67d3\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n

    4.3 \u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n

    \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u768480（HTTP）\u6216443（HTTPS）\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668，\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7aef\u53e3\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Telnet：\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0，telnet \u57df\u540d 80\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c4f\u5e55\u53d8\u9ed1，\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ea\u70c1\u7684\u5149\u6807，\u6216\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e71\u7801\u5b57\u7b26，\u8bf4\u660eTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb（\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309Ctrl+]\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165quit\u9000\u51fa）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u8d85\u65f6，\u5219\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u901a\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Curl：\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u3002curl -I http:\/\/www.baidu.com \u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP HEAD\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u5934，\u4ece\u4e2d\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801（200\u4e3a\u6b63\u5e38）\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002curl -v http:\/\/www.baidu.com \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5305\u62ecDNS\u89e3\u6790\u3001TCP\u63e1\u624b\u3001SSL\u534f\u5546（\u5982\u679c\u662fHTTPS）\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u519b\u5200\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Netcat (nc)：\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u754c\u7684\u201c\u745e\u58eb\u519b\u5200\u201d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u610fTCP\/UDP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002nc -zv www.baidu.com 80 \u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u653e（z\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u626b\u63cf，v\u8868\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8f93\u51fa）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u51fa\u5728TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42，\u8fd8\u662f\u66f4\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684HTTP\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3002\u5982\u679ctelnet\u901a\u4f46\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0d\u901a，\u90a3\u95ee\u9898\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6216\u672c\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0a；\u5982\u679ctelnet\u90fd\u4e0d\u901a，\u90a3\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u94fe\u8def\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

      5. \u5efa\u7acb\u4f60\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u6e05\u5355\u4e0e\u957f\u6548\u9884\u9632\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n

      \u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u6298\u817e，\u95ee\u9898\u7ec8\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u806a\u660e\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7eca\u5012\u4e24\u6b21\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f，\u5c06\u8fd9\u6b21\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u56fa\u5316\u4e0b\u6765，\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6e05\u5355\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e05\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aMarkdown\u6587\u6863，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6，\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u968f\u65f6\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6e05\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7：<\/p>\n

    • \u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1：\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u4f60\u90a3\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bping\u516c\u5171IP\u548c\u57df\u540d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c，\u4ee5\u53catracert\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u8df3IP\u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6，\u5148\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n
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