\n| \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n | \u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u578b<\/td>\n | \u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u5728Windows\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b，Asio\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528IOCP(Input\/Output Completion Port)\u5b9e\u73b0\u524d\u6444\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f，\u800c\u5728Linux\u5e73\u53f0\u5219\u901a\u8fc7epoll\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n 2. Asio\u6838\u5fc3\u67b6\u6784\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790<\/h3>\n2.1 io_context：\u5f02\u6b65\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5fc3\u810f<\/h4>\nio_context\u662fAsio\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5fc3，\u8d1f\u8d23\u534f\u8c03\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7ef4\u62a4\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u961f\u5217：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u793aio_context\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784
\nclass io_context {
\nprivate:
\n op_queue<scheduler_operation> op_queue_; \/\/ \u5f85\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u961f\u5217
\n reactor* reactor_; \/\/ \u5e73\u53f0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53cd\u5e94\u5668
\n \/\/ …\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458
\n};<\/p>\n \u5f53\u8c03\u7528io_context::run()\u65f6，\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af，\u4e0d\u65ad\u4eceop_queue_\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528io_context\u6c60\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efaio_context\u6c60
\nstd::vector<std::shared_ptr<io_context>> io_contexts;
\nfor(int i = 0; i < std::thread::hardware_concurrency(); ++i) {
\n io_contexts.emplace_back(std::make_shared<io_context>());
\n}<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6bcf\u4e2aio_context\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7ebf\u7a0b
\nstd::vector<std::thread> threads;
\nfor(auto& ioc : io_contexts) {
\n threads.emplace_back([&ioc]{ ioc->run(); });
\n}<\/p>\n 2.2 \u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\nAsio\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aoperation\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u582a\u79f0\u827a\u672f\u3002\u4ee5\u5f02\u6b65\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u5f02\u6b65\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b
\nsocket.async_write_some(buffer(data),
\n [](const error_code& ec, size_t bytes_transferred) {
\n \/\/ \u56de\u8c03\u5904\u7406
\n });<\/p>\n \u5728\u5e95\u5c42，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406：<\/p>\n \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2awrite_op\u5bf9\u8c61，\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaoperation<\/li>\n\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5165\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n\u5c06\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230io_context\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217<\/li>\n\u5f53I\/O\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6，io_context\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684complete()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n\u5728complete()\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u56de\u8c03，\u7136\u540e\u9500\u6bc1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728，\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406，\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n 3. \u4ece\u96f6\u6784\u5efaTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668：\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n3.1 \u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\u642d\u5efa<\/h4>\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6：<\/p>\n class tcp_server {
\npublic:
\n tcp_server(io_context& ioc, unsigned short port)
\n : acceptor_(ioc, tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), port)) {
\n do_accept();
\n }<\/p>\n private:
\n void do_accept() {
\n acceptor_.async_accept(
\n [this](error_code ec, tcp::socket socket) {
\n if (!ec) {
\n std::make_shared<tcp_connection>(std::move(socket))->start();
\n }
\n do_accept(); \/\/ \u7ee7\u7eed\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
\n};<\/p>\n \u5173\u952e\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n \n- \u5f02\u6b65\u94fe\u5f0f\u63a5\u53d7：\u5728accept\u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528do_accept()\u5f62\u6210\u65e0\u9650\u63a5\u53d7\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n
- \u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406：\u4f7f\u7528shared_ptr\u8ba9\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7406\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/li>\n
- \u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49：\u4f7f\u7528std::move\u907f\u514dsocket\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n\u6bcf\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5e94\u8be5\u72ec\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a：<\/p>\n class tcp_connection : public std::enable_shared_from_this<tcp_connection> {
\npublic:
\n void start() {
\n do_read();
\n }<\/p>\n void do_read() {
\n auto self(shared_from_this());
\n socket_.async_read_some(buffer(buffer_),
\n [this, self](error_code ec, size_t length) {
\n if (!ec) {
\n process_message(length);
\n do_read();
\n }
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n private:
\n tcp::socket socket_;
\n std::array<char, 8192> buffer_;
\n};<\/p>\n \u9ad8\u6548\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n - \u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a：\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d<\/li>\n
- \u5206\u6563-\u805a\u96c6I\/O：\u4f7f\u7528async_read\/async_write\u7684BufferSequence\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n
- \u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u6280\u672f：\u9884\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n
3.3 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\nclass memory_pool {
\npublic:
\n static constexpr size_t BLOCK_SIZE = 4096;<\/p>\n void* allocate() {
\n if (free_list_.empty()) {
\n blocks_.emplace_back(new char[BLOCK_SIZE]);
\n return blocks_.back().get();
\n }
\n void* ptr = free_list_.top();
\n free_list_.pop();
\n return ptr;
\n }<\/p>\n void deallocate(void* ptr) {
\n free_list_.push(ptr);
\n }<\/p>\n private:
\n std::vector<std::unique_ptr<char[]>> blocks_;
\n std::stack<void*> free_list_;
\n};<\/p>\n \u53cc\u5e73\u53f0\u9002\u914d\u8981\u70b9<\/h5>\n\nWindows(IOCP)Linux(epoll)<\/tr>\n \n\n| \u9ed8\u8ba4\u91cd\u53e0I\/O<\/td>\n | \u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u81ea\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5524\u9192<\/td>\n | \u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5524\u9192\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9ad8<\/td>\n | \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981CLOCK_MONOTONIC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n4. \u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e3b\u9898：\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n4.1 \u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\nAsio\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7Handler\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u5236\u51cf\u5c11\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u793a\u4f8b
\nclass handler_allocator {
\npublic:
\n void* allocate(size_t size) {
\n if (size <= buffer_size && !buffer_used) {
\n buffer_used = true;
\n return buffer_;
\n }
\n return ::operator new(size);
\n }<\/p>\n void deallocate(void* ptr) {
\n if (ptr == buffer_) {
\n buffer_used = false;
\n } else {
\n ::operator delete(ptr);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n private:
\n static constexpr size_t buffer_size = 1024;
\n alignas(std::max_align_t) char buffer_[buffer_size];
\n bool buffer_used = false;
\n};<\/p>\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7684handler
\ntemplate <typename Handler>
\nclass custom_alloc_handler {
\npublic:
\n custom_alloc_handler(handler_allocator& a, Handler h)
\n : allocator_(a), handler_(h) {}<\/p>\n template <typename… Args>
\n void operator()(Args&&… args) {
\n handler_(std::forward<Args>(args)…);
\n }<\/p>\n friend void* asio_handler_allocate(size_t size,
\n custom_alloc_handler<Handler>* this_handler) {
\n return this_handler->allocator_.allocate(size);
\n }<\/p>\n friend void asio_handler_deallocate(void* ptr, size_t \/*size*\/,
\n custom_alloc_handler<Handler>* this_handler) {
\n this_handler->allocator_.deallocate(ptr);
\n }<\/p>\n private:
\n handler_allocator& allocator_;
\n Handler handler_;
\n};<\/p>\n 4.2 \u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n - \u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38：\u907f\u514d\u5f02\u5e38\u9003\u9038\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u65ad<\/li>\n
- \u8d44\u6e90\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e：\u4f7f\u7528RAII\u5305\u88c5\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n
- \u8fde\u63a5\u7ea7\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/li>\n
void do_read() {
\n auto self(shared_from_this());
\n socket_.async_read_some(buffer(buffer_),
\n [this, self](error_code ec, size_t length) {
\n try {
\n if (ec) throw system_error(ec);
\n process_message(length);
\n do_read();
\n } catch (const std::exception& e) {
\n cerr << "Connection error: " << e.what() << endl;
\n socket_.close();
\n }
\n });
\n}<\/p>\n 5. \u73b0\u4ee3C++\u7279\u6027\u5728Asio\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n5.1 \u534f\u7a0b\u96c6\u6210<\/h4>\nC++20\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u4e0eAsio\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5951\u5408，\u6781\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n awaitable<void> echo(tcp::socket socket) {
\n try {
\n char data[1024];
\n for (;;) {
\n size_t n = co_await socket.async_read_some(
\n buffer(data), use_awaitable);
\n co_await async_write(socket,
\n buffer(data, n), use_awaitable);
\n }
\n } catch (const std::exception& e) {
\n cerr << "Echo error: " << e.what() << endl;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n awaitable<void> listener() {
\n auto executor = co_await this_coro::executor;
\n tcp::acceptor acceptor(executor, {tcp::v4(), 55555});
\n for (;;) {
\n tcp::socket socket = co_await acceptor.async_accept(use_awaitable);
\n co_spawn(executor, echo(std::move(socket)), detached);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n 5.2 \u6027\u80fd\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6d4b\u8bd5（\u5355\u673aLinux，8\u6838，10K\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5）：<\/p>\n \n\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u541e\u5410\u91cf (req\/s)\u5e73\u5747\u5ef6\u8fdf(ms)CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/tr>\n \n\n| \u540c\u6b65\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td>\n | 12,345<\/td>\n | 2.1<\/td>\n | 85%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Reactor\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>\n | 45,678<\/td>\n | 1.5<\/td>\n | 72%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Asio\u524d\u6444\u5668<\/td>\n | 78,901<\/td>\n | 0.8<\/td>\n | 65%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Asio+\u534f\u7a0b<\/td>\n | 82,345<\/td>\n | 0.7<\/td>\n | 60%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e，Asio\u914d\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u7279\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u6df1\u5165Boost.Asio：\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5f02\u6b65TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5
\n1. \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u9769\u547d：\u524d\u6444\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f\u89e3\u6790
\n\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u9886\u57df，Boost.Asio\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u524d\u6444\u5668(Proactor)\u6a21\u5f0f\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa，\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684Reactor\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002
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