{"id":76733,"date":"2026-02-23T08:26:24","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T00:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/76733.html"},"modified":"2026-02-23T08:26:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T00:26:24","slug":"pytest%e5%86%92%e7%83%9f%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e7%94%a8%e4%be%8b%e8%bf%87%e6%bb%a4%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e5%ae%9e%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/76733.html","title":{"rendered":"pytest\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b9e\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5168\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u4e2d，\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u6838\u5fc3\u94fe\u8def，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u6784\u6574\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u751f\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u6218\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def：\u65b9\u6848\u4e00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u7406\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784，\u9002\u5408\u7a33\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1；\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u6001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4，\u652f\u6301\u6309\u9700\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7ed3\u6784：<\/p>\n

test_project\/
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 conftest.py # pytest\u94a9\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 pytest.ini # pytest\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5305
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 test_smoke\/ # \u65b9\u6848\u4e00：\u5192\u70df\u7528\u4f8b\u72ec\u7acb\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 test_login.py
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 test_checkout.py
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 test_full\/ # \u65b9\u6848\u4e00：\u5168\u91cf\u7528\u4f8b\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 test_login.py
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 test_checkout.py
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 test_profile.py
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 test_orders.py
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 test_cases\/ # \u65b9\u6848\u4e8c：YAML\u7528\u4f8b\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 login.yaml
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 checkout.yaml
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 profile.yaml
\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 run_tests.py # \u65b9\u6848\u4e8c：\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n

1. pytest.ini（pytest\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e）<\/h4>\n

[pytest]
\ntestpaths = .
\npython_files = test_*.py
\npython_classes = Test*
\npython_functions = test_*
\naddopts = -v –tb=short
\nmarkers =
\n smoke: \u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6807\u8bb0
\n blocker: \u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898
\n critical: \u5173\u952e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898
\n normal: \u666e\u901a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

2. conftest.py（pytest\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570）<\/h4>\n

import pytest
\nfrom typing import List, Dict
\nimport yaml
\nimport os<\/p>\n

def pytest_addoption(parser):
\n """\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570"""
\n parser.addoption("–level", action="store", default=None,
\n help="\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u4f8b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7: blocker,critical,normal")
\n parser.addoption("–cases", action="store", default=None,
\n help="\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u4f8b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84")
\n parser.addoption("–type", action="store", default=None,
\n help="\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u4f8b\u7c7b\u578b: yaml, python")<\/p>\n

def pytest_configure(config):
\n """\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u518cmarker"""
\n config.addinivalue_line("markers", "smoke: \u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5")
\n config.addinivalue_line("markers", "blocker: \u963b\u585e\u7ea7\u522b")
\n config.addinivalue_line("markers", "critical: \u5173\u952e\u7ea7\u522b")
\n config.addinivalue_line("markers", "normal: \u666e\u901a\u7ea7\u522b")<\/p>\n

def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items):
\n """\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7528\u4f8b（\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\u5b9e\u73b0）"""
\n level = config.getoption("–level")
\n if not level:
\n return<\/p>\n

levels = level.split(",")
\n selected_items = []<\/p>\n

for item in item:
\n # \u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6240\u6709marker
\n markers = {mark.name for mark in item.iter_markers()}<\/p>\n

# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7
\n if any(lvl in markers for lvl in levels):
\n selected_items.append(item)<\/p>\n

items[:] = selected_items
\n if selected_items:
\n config.hook.pytest_deselected(items=items)<\/p>\n

3. run_tests.py（\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\u7684YAML\u89e3\u6790\u5668）<\/h4>\n

import pytest
\nimport yaml
\nimport os
\nfrom typing import List, Dict<\/p>\n

def case_parser(case_type: str, case_dir: str, level: str = None) -> Dict:
\n """
\n YAML\u7528\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790\u5668（\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91）<\/p>\n

Args:
\n case_type: \u7528\u4f8b\u7c7b\u578b，\u5982 'yaml'
\n case_dir: \u7528\u4f8b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84
\n level: \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n

Returns:
\n \u5305\u542b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u540e\u7528\u4f8b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b57\u5178
\n """
\n case_infos = []<\/p>\n

if case_type != "yaml":
\n return {"case_infos": case_infos}<\/p>\n

# \u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709YAML\u6587\u4ef6
\n yaml_files = []
\n for root, _, files in os.walk(case_dir):
\n for file in files:
\n if file.endswith(('.yaml', '.yml')):
\n yaml_files.append(os.path.join(root, file))<\/p>\n

# \u89e3\u6790YAML\u7528\u4f8b
\n yaml_case_infos = []
\n for yaml_file in yaml_files:
\n with open(yaml_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
\n data = yaml.safe_load(f)
\n if isinstance(data, list):
\n yaml_case_infos.extend(data)
\n else:
\n yaml_case_infos.append(data)<\/p>\n

# \u6839\u636e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4（\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\u5173\u952e\u903b\u8f91）
\n if level:
\n levels = level.split(",")
\n for case_info in yaml_case_infos:
\n if case_info.get("rank") in levels:
\n case_infos.append(case_info)
\n else:
\n case_infos = yaml_case_infos<\/p>\n

return {"case_infos": case_infos}<\/p>\n

def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
\n """\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b（YAML\u7528\u4f8b\u6ce8\u5165）"""
\n if "case_info" in metafunc.fixturenames:
\n case_dir = metafunc.config.getoption("–cases")
\n case_type = metafunc.config.getoption("–type")
\n level = metafunc.config.getoption("–level")<\/p>\n

if case_dir and case_type:
\n result = case_parser(case_type, case_dir, level)
\n metafunc.parametrize("case_info", result["case_infos"])<\/p>\n

4. \u65b9\u6848\u4e00：\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h4>\n

test_smoke\/test_login.py<\/p>\n

import pytest<\/p>\n

@pytest.mark.smoke
\ndef test_login_success():
\n """\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f"""
\n print("\u6267\u884c\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f")
\n assert True<\/p>\n

@pytest.mark.smoke
\ndef test_login_with_valid_credentials():
\n """\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u6709\u6548\u51ed\u8bc1\u767b\u5f55"""
\n print("\u6267\u884c\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u6709\u6548\u51ed\u8bc1\u767b\u5f55")
\n assert True<\/p>\n

test_smoke\/test_checkout.py<\/p>\n

import pytest<\/p>\n

@pytest.mark.smoke
\n@pytest.mark.blocker
\ndef test_checkout_basic_flow():
\n """\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u57fa\u7840\u8d2d\u7269\u6d41\u7a0b"""
\n print("\u6267\u884c\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u57fa\u7840\u8d2d\u7269\u6d41\u7a0b")
\n assert True<\/p>\n

test_full\/test_login.py（\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u8fb9\u754c\u573a\u666f）<\/p>\n

import pytest<\/p>\n

@pytest.mark.smoke
\ndef test_login_success():
\n """\u5168\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f"""
\n assert True<\/p>\n

@pytest.mark.normal
\ndef test_login_with_invalid_password():
\n """\u5168\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u9519\u8bef\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55"""
\n assert True<\/p>\n

@pytest.mark.normal
\ndef test_login_with_empty_fields():
\n """\u5168\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u7a7a\u5b57\u6bb5\u767b\u5f55"""
\n assert True<\/p>\n

@pytest.mark.critical
\ndef test_login_with_locked_account():
\n """\u5168\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u5f55"""
\n assert True<\/p>\n

5. \u65b9\u6848\u4e8c：YAML\u7528\u4f8b\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

test_cases\/login.yaml<\/p>\n

– desc: \u767b\u5f55\u7528\u4f8b-\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55
\n rank: blocker
\n steps:
\n – step: \u6253\u5f00\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762
\n expected: \u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u6210\u529f
\n – step: \u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bc6\u7801
\n expected: \u8f93\u5165\u6210\u529f
\n – step: \u70b9\u51fb\u767b\u5f55\u6309\u94ae
\n expected: \u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u8df3\u8f6c<\/p>\n

– desc: \u767b\u5f55\u7528\u4f8b-\u9519\u8bef\u5bc6\u7801
\n rank: normal
\n steps:
\n – step: \u6253\u5f00\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762
\n expected: \u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u6210\u529f
\n – step: \u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5bc6\u7801
\n expected: \u8f93\u5165\u6210\u529f
\n – step: \u70b9\u51fb\u767b\u5f55\u6309\u94ae
\n expected: \u63d0\u793a\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

– desc: \u767b\u5f55\u7528\u4f8b-\u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u53f7
\n rank: critical
\n steps:
\n – step: \u6253\u5f00\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762
\n expected: \u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u6210\u529f
\n – step: \u8f93\u5165\u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u53f7
\n expected: \u8f93\u5165\u6210\u529f
\n – step: \u70b9\u51fb\u767b\u5f55\u6309\u94ae
\n expected: \u63d0\u793a\u8d26\u53f7\u5df2\u9501\u5b9a<\/p>\n

test_cases\/checkout.yaml<\/p>\n

– desc: \u8d2d\u7269\u6d41\u7a0b-\u57fa\u7840\u6d41\u7a0b
\n rank: blocker
\n steps:
\n – step: \u9009\u62e9\u5546\u54c1
\n expected: \u5546\u54c1\u9009\u4e2d
\n – step: \u52a0\u5165\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66
\n expected: \u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0
\n – step: \u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355
\n expected: \u8ba2\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n

– desc: \u8d2d\u7269\u6d41\u7a0b-\u5e93\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3
\n rank: critical
\n steps:
\n – step: \u9009\u62e9\u5e93\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u5546\u54c1
\n expected: \u5546\u54c1\u9009\u4e2d
\n – step: \u52a0\u5165\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66
\n expected: \u63d0\u793a\u5e93\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n

6. YAML\u7528\u4f8b\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5（\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\u6267\u884c\u5668）<\/h4>\n

test_yaml_runner.py<\/p>\n

import pytest<\/p>\n

def test_yaml_case(case_info):
\n """
\n YAML\u7528\u4f8b\u901a\u7528\u6267\u884c\u5668
\n \u901a\u8fc7conftest.py\u4e2d\u7684pytest_generate_tests\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u7528\u4f8b
\n """
\n print(f"\\\\n\u6267\u884c\u7528\u4f8b：{case_info['desc']}")
\n print(f"\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7：{case_info.get('rank', '\u65e0')}")<\/p>\n

for idx, step in enumerate(case_info['steps'], 1):
\n print(f"\u6b65\u9aa4{idx}: {step['step']}")
\n print(f"\u9884\u671f: {step['expected']}")
\n # \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u903b\u8f91
\n # \u4f8b\u5982\u8c03\u7528API\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u9875\u9762\u7b49<\/p>\n

assert True # \u7b80\u5316\u793a\u4f8b，\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u6b65\u9aa4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u65ad\u8a00<\/p>\n

7. requirements.txt<\/h4>\n

pytest>=7.0.0
\npyyaml>=6.0
\npytest-html>=3.0.0<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

\u65b9\u6848\u4e00：\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u79bb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n

# \u53ea\u6267\u884c\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5（\u6307\u5b9asmoke\u76ee\u5f55）
\npytest test_smoke\/ -v<\/p>\n

# \u6267\u884c\u5168\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5（\u6307\u5b9afull\u76ee\u5f55）
\npytest test_full\/ -v<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5
\npytest –cases=.\/test_smoke –type=python -v<\/p>\n

\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c：\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n

# \u53ea\u6267\u884cblocker\u548ccritical\u7ea7\u522b\u7528\u4f8b（\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5）
\npytest –level=blocker,critical -v<\/p>\n

# \u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7ea7\u522b\u7528\u4f8b
\npytest –level=normal -v<\/p>\n

# \u7ed3\u5408YAML\u7528\u4f8b\u6267\u884c
\npytest test_yaml_runner.py –cases=.\/test_cases –type=yaml –level=blocker,critical -v<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u5408\u573a\u666f\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n

# \u6267\u884c\u5192\u70df\u76ee\u5f55 + blocker\u7ea7\u522b\u7528\u4f8b
\npytest test_smoke\/ –level=blocker -v<\/p>\n

# \u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u5408
\npytest test_smoke\/ test_full\/ –level=blocker,critical -v<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4eae\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f53\u73b0<\/h3>\n
  • \n

    \u65b9\u6848\u4e00\u4f53\u73b0：<\/p>\n