\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3，\u6570\u5b57\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def（Digital Integrated Circuit, \u6570\u5b57IC） \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u6c34\u5e73\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u79d1\u6280\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4ece\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u82af\u7247，\u6570\u5b57IC\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728，\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6f14\u8fdb，\u6570\u5b57IC\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f，\u5bf9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
Verilog HDL（Hardware Description Language） \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bed\u8a00，\u5728\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9886\u57df\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u8def\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7ed3\u6784，\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5236\u9020\u82af\u7247\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u4eff\u771f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7efc\u5408\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u539f\u7406\u56fe\u8bbe\u8ba1，Verilog HDL\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6548\u7387，\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u5468\u671f，\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5e7f\u5927\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7231\u597d\u8005\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u5168\u9762\u800c\u6df1\u5165\u7684Verilog HDL\u5b66\u4e60\u6307\u5357\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u521d\u5165\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6bbf\u5802\u7684\u5b66\u5b50，\u8fd8\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u987e\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08，\u672c\u6587\u90fd\u5c06\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1，\u9010\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u8df5，\u529b\u6c42\u505a\u5230\u6df1\u5165\u6d45\u51fa，\u65e2\u9002\u5408\u5165\u95e8，\u53c8\u80fd\u8ba9\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u6240\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b，\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1Verilog HDL，\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u8def\u5960\u5b9a\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
Verilog HDL \u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f，\u7531Gateway Design Automation\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1，\u5e76\u4e8e1995\u5e74\u6210\u4e3aIEEE\u6807\u51c6（IEEE 1364-1995）\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0eC\u3001Java\u7b49\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00（Programming Language） \u4e0d\u540c，Verilog HDL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u786c\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bed\u8a00（Hardware Description Language, HDL）\u3002\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3b\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5，\u5176\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684；\u800cHDL\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u5173\u7cfb，\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7535\u8def\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740Verilog HDL\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u3001\u65f6\u5e8f\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
Verilog HDL\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u95e8\u7ea7\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f20\u8f93\u7ea7（RTL）\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ea7\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7535\u8def，\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3002\u76ee\u524d，Verilog HDL\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001FPGA\u3001ASIC\u7b49\u5404\u7c7b\u6570\u5b57IC\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Verilog HDL\u4e2d，\u6a21\u5757（Module） \u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143，\u5b83\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u7535\u8def\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u53cc\u5411\u7aef\u53e3（Port），\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5168\u52a0\u5668\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
module full_adder (
\n input a,
\n input b,
\n input cin,
\n output sum,
\n output cout
\n);
\n \/\/ \u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u903b\u8f91
\nendmodule<\/p>\n
Verilog HDL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916，Verilog HDL\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，\u5305\u62ec\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26（+, -, *, \/, %）\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26（&&, ||, !）\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26（==, !=, >, <, >=, <=）\u3001\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26（&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>）\u4ee5\u53ca\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26（? :）\u7b49，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e0eC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u5728\u786c\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
Verilog HDL\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u8def：<\/p>\n
\u95e8\u7ea7\u5efa\u6a21（Gate-level Modeling）: \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u5f0f，\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528Verilog\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u95e8\u539f\u8bed（\u5982and, or, not, xor\u7b49）\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u95e8\u7535\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1，\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u8bbe\u8ba1\u800c\u8a00，\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
module and_gate (output out, input in1, input in2);
\n and (out, in1, in2);
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n
\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5efa\u6a21（Dataflow Modeling）: \u901a\u8fc7**assign\u8bed\u53e5**\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u3002assign\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u8d4b\u503c，\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
module mux2_to_1 (output out, input in0, input in1, input sel);
\n assign out = sel ? in1 : in0;
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n
\u884c\u4e3a\u7ea7\u5efa\u6a21（Behavioral Modeling）: \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u5f0f，\u4f7f\u7528**always\u5757**\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u53e5（\u5982if-else, case, for, while\u7b49）\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u8def\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u7ea7\u5efa\u6a21\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f16\u7a0b，\u4f46\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u7efc\u5408\u5de5\u5177\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u3002always\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91，\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u654f\u611f\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u8d4b\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
module d_ff (output reg q, input d, input clk, input rst_n);
\n always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
\n if (!rst_n) begin
\n q <= 1'b0;
\n end else begin
\n q <= d;
\n end
\n end
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u5f0f\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9，\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d，\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6216\u8005\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u8def\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7535\u8def\u5bf9\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027，\u6570\u5b57\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def（Combinational Logic Circuit） \u548c\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def（Sequential Logic Circuit）\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7535\u8def\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u638c\u63e1Verilog HDL\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u5165，\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4，\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316，\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373（\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a）\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728Verilog HDL\u4e2d，\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7assign\u8bed\u53e5\u6216\u5728always\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u963b\u585e\u8d4b\u503c（=） \u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
assign\u8bed\u53e5：\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91，\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684，\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u66f4\u65b0\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e0e\u95e8：<\/p>\n
assign out = in1 & in2;\n <\/li>\n
always\u5757：\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u65f6，\u5176\u654f\u611f\u5217\u8868\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1always\u5757\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5728always\u5757\u5185\u90e8，\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u963b\u585e\u8d4b\u503c（=）\u3002<\/p>\n
always @(in1 or in2) begin
\n out = in1 & in2;
\nend\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u591a\u8def\u9009\u62e9\u5668（Multiplexer, MUX）：\u6839\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u4fe1\u53f7（sel）\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n
module mux2_to_1 (output reg out, input in0, input in1, input sel);
\n always @(in0 or in1 or sel) begin
\n if (sel) begin
\n out = in1;
\n end else begin
\n out = in0;
\n end
\n end
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n
\u7f16\u7801\u5668（Encoder）\u4e0e\u8bd1\u7801\u5668（Decoder）：<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u76842-4\u8bd1\u7801\u5668：<\/p>\n
module decoder_2_to_4 (output reg [3:0] out, input [1:0] in);
\n always @(in) begin
\n case (in)
\n 2'b00: out = 4'b0001;
\n 2'b01: out = 4'b0010;
\n 2'b10: out = 4'b0100;
\n 2'b11: out = 4'b1000;
\n default: out = 4'bxxxx; \/\/ \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001
\n endcase
\n end
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n
\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7f16\u7801\u5668：\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u6548\u65f6，\u6839\u636e\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u5165，\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u72b6\u6001（\u5373\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f）\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7535\u8def\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u5b58\u50a8\u5143\u4ef6，\u5982\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u6216\u9501\u5b58\u5668，\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u53f7\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u5728Verilog HDL\u4e2d，\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u901a\u5e38\u5728always\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8d4b\u503c（<=） \u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e6\u53d1\u5668：\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143，\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8fb9\u6cbf（\u4e0a\u5347\u6cbf\u6216\u4e0b\u964d\u6cbf）\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002D\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n
module d_flip_flop (output reg q, input d, input clk, input rst_n);
\n always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
\n if (!rst_n) begin \/\/ \u5f02\u6b65\u590d\u4f4d
\n q <= 1'b0;
\n end else begin
\n q <= d;
\n end
\n end
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n
\u9501\u5b58\u5668：\u4e0e\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u4e0d\u540c，\u9501\u5b58\u5668\u662f\u7535\u5e73\u654f\u611f\u7684，\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u5728\u4f7f\u80fd\u4fe1\u53f7\u6709\u6548\u671f\u95f4\u968f\u8f93\u5165\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u7efc\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d，\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u5b58\u5668，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8ba1\u6570\u5668（Counter）：\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65f6\u949f\u8109\u51b2\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u540c\u6b65\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u8ba1\u6570\u5668，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5411\u4e0a\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u5411\u4e0b\u8ba1\u6570\u6216\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
module binary_counter (output reg [3:0] count, input clk, input rst_n);
\n always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
\n if (!rst_n) begin
\n count <= 4'b0000;
\n end else begin
\n count <= count + 1;
\n end
\n end
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n
\u79fb\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668（Shift Register）：\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e32\u884c\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u6216\u5e76\u884c\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
module shift_register (output reg [3:0] q, input d_in, input clk, input rst_n);
\n always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
\n if (!rst_n) begin
\n q <= 4'b0000;
\n end else begin
\n q <= {q[2:0], d_in}; \/\/ \u5de6\u79fb，d_in\u4ece\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u79fb\u5165
\n end
\n end
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n
\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a（Finite State Machine, FSM）\u8bbe\u8ba1：FSM\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5，\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u3002FSM\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91（\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8f93\u51fa）\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1FSM\u65f6，\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u6bb5\u5f0f\u6216\u4e24\u6bb5\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u6bb5\u5f0fFSM：<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u68c0\u6d4b\u5668，\u68c0\u6d4b
\n\u5e8f\u5217\u201c101\u201d
\nmodule sequence_detector (output reg detected, input data_in, input clk, input rst_n);
\n \/\/ \u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49
\n parameter S0 = 2'b00; \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001
\n parameter S1 = 2'b01; \/\/ \u68c0\u6d4b\u52301
\n parameter S2 = 2'b10; \/\/ \u68c0\u6d4b\u523010
\n parameter S3 = 2'b11; \/\/ \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230101<\/p>\n
reg [1:0] current_state, next_state;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5：\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668，\u5728\u65f6\u949f\u4e0a\u5347\u6cbf\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001
\n always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
\n if (!rst_n) begin
\n current_state <= S0;
\n end else begin
\n current_state <= next_state;
\n end
\n end<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5：\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91，\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u72b6\u6001
\n always @(current_state or data_in) begin
\n next_state = S0; \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0b\u4e00\u72b6\u6001
\n case (current_state)
\n S0: begin
\n if (data_in) next_state = S1;
\n else next_state = S0;
\n end
\n S1: begin
\n if (data_in) next_state = S1;
\n else next_state = S2;
\n end
\n S2: begin
\n if (data_in) next_state = S3;
\n else next_state = S0;
\n end
\n S3: begin
\n if (data_in) next_state = S1; \/\/ \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230101\u540e，\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f1，\u5219\u56de\u5230S1
\n else next_state = S0;
\n end
\n default: next_state = S0;
\n endcase
\n end<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5：\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91，\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u751f\u6210\u8f93\u51fa
\n always @(current_state) begin
\n detected = (current_state == S3) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
\n end<\/p>\n
endmodule<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u638c\u63e1\u4e86Verilog HDL\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\/\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1\u540e，\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6311\u6218，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdb\u9636\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u8df5，\u5305\u62ec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u524d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
Testbench（\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e73\u53f0） \u662f\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206，\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684Testbench\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a，\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002Testbench\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210：<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684D\u89e6\u53d1\u5668Testbench\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
module d_ff_tb;
\n \/\/ Testbench\u4fe1\u53f7\u58f0\u660e
\n reg d_tb;
\n reg clk_tb;
\n reg rst_n_tb;
\n wire q_tb;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316DUT
\n d_flip_flop u_d_ff (
\n .q(q_tb),
\n .d(d_tb),
\n .clk(clk_tb),
\n .rst_n(rst_n_tb)
\n );<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u65f6\u949f\u751f\u6210
\n initial begin
\n clk_tb = 0;
\n forever #5 clk_tb = ~clk_tb; \/\/ 10ns\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u949f
\n end<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6fc0\u52b1\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u590d\u4f4d
\n initial begin
\n rst_n_tb = 0; \/\/ \u590d\u4f4d\u6709\u6548
\n d_tb = 0;
\n #10 rst_n_tb = 1; \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u590d\u4f4d
\n #10 d_tb = 1;
\n #10 d_tb = 0;
\n #10 d_tb = 1;
\n #20 d_tb = 0;
\n #100 $finish; \/\/ \u4eff\u771f\u7ed3\u675f
\n end<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ed3\u679c\u76d1\u63a7（\u53ef\u9009，\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u7b49）
\n always @(posedge clk_tb) begin
\n $display("Time=%0t, d=%b, q=%b", $time, d_tb, q_tb);
\n end<\/p>\n
endmodule<\/p>\n
\u4eff\u771f\u5de5\u5177\u5982VCS\u3001QuestaSim\u3001ModelSim\u7b49，\u662f\u8fdb\u884cVerilog HDL\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91caVerilog\u4ee3\u7801，\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u8def\u884c\u4e3a，\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6ce2\u5f62\u663e\u793a\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u7b49\u529f\u80fd，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027，Verilog HDL\u652f\u6301\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528parameter\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5e38\u91cf，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u65f6\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49，\u4ece\u800c\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u683c\u7684\u7535\u8def，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
parameter\u4e0elocalparam：<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u4f4d\u5bbd\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u5668：<\/p>\n
module adder #(parameter WIDTH = 8) (
\n input [WIDTH-1:0] a,
\n input [WIDTH-1:0] b,
\n output [WIDTH-1:0] sum
\n);
\n assign sum = a + b;
\nendmodule<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u52a0\u6cd5\u5668
\nadder #(16) u_adder_16 (
\n .a(data_a),
\n .b(data_b),
\n .sum(sum_out)
\n);\n <\/li>\n
generate\u8bed\u53e5：generate\u8bed\u53e5\u5141\u8bb8\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u6570\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u5faa\u73af\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6216\u8bed\u53e5\u5757，\u8fd9\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u7ed3\u6784（\u5982\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5806\u3001\u591a\u4f4d\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u7b49）\u7684\u7535\u8def\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528，\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
module generic_and_gates #(parameter NUM_GATES = 4) (
\n input [NUM_GATES-1:0] in1,
\n input [NUM_GATES-1:0] in2,
\n output [NUM_GATES-1:0] out
\n);
\n genvar i;
\n generate
\n for (i = 0; i < NUM_GATES; i = i + 1) begin : gate_inst
\n and (out[i], in1[i], in2[i]);
\n end
\n endgenerate
\nendmodule\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Verilog HDL\u4ee3\u7801\u6700\u7ec8\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u7efc\u5408（Logic Synthesis）\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u5de5\u5177（\u5982Synopsys Design Compiler, Cadence Genus\u7b49）\u4f1a\u5c06RTL\u7ea7\u7684Verilog\u4ee3\u7801\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u5e93（\u5982\u6807\u51c6\u5355\u5143\u5e93）\u4e2d\u7684\u95e8\u7ea7\u7f51\u8868\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u529f\u8017\u548c\u65f6\u5e8f\u7b49\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u5408\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6d41\u7a0b：<\/p>\n
\u65f6\u5e8f\u7ea6\u675f（Timing Constraints）：\u5728\u7efc\u5408\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\u5e03\u7ebf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u65f6\u5e8f\u7ea6\u675f，\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u5de5\u5177\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u7ea6\u675f\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n
\u9759\u6001\u65f6\u5e8f\u5206\u6790（Static Timing Analysis, STA）：STA\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4eff\u771f（\u5373\u4e0d\u65bd\u52a0\u6fc0\u52b1）\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u7535\u8def\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002STA\u5de5\u5177（\u5982Synopsys PrimeTime）\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u5e76\u4e0e\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7535\u8def\u5728\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002STA\u662f\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65，\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u5e8f\u8fdd\u4f8b（setup\/hold violations）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u672c\u6587\u4eceVerilog HDL\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1，\u9010\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86Testbench\u7f16\u5199\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u7efc\u5408\u4e0e\u65f6\u5e8f\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u8fdb\u9636\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4efd\u6307\u5357，\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u638c\u63e1Verilog HDL，\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
Verilog HDL\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u5f84\u603b\u7ed3：<\/p>\n
\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411： \u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u30015G\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55，\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u91cd：<\/p>\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u63a8\u8350：<\/p>\n
\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u800c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e50\u8da3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u9664\u4e86\u9605\u8bfb\u6280\u672f\u6587\u7ae0，\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001FPGA\u3001Verilog\u3001SystemVerilog\u3001UVM\u3001AXI\u603b\u7ebf\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9，\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u5173\u6ce8B\u7ad9UP\u4e3b**\u201cbc\u5b9d\u61c2\u4e00\u70b9IC\u201d**\u3002\u4ed6\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b，\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762，\u7ed3\u5408\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b，\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n
B\u7ad9\u201cbc\u5b9d\u61c2\u4e00\u70b9IC\u201d\u4e3b\u9875<\/p>\n
[1] IEEE Std 1364-2005, IEEE Standard for Verilog Hardware Description Language. [2] Samir Palnitkar. Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis. Prentice Hall, 2003. [3] Donald Thomas, Philip Moorby. The Verilog\u00ae Hardware Description Language. Springer, 2008. [4] Clifford E. Cummings. Synthesis and Scripting Techniques for Designing with Verilog and SystemVerilog. 2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Verilog HDL\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a:\u6570\u5b57IC\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u7840
\n1. \u5f15\u8a00
\n\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3，\u6570\u5b57\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def（Digital Integrated Circuit, \u6570\u5b57IC） \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u6c34\u5e73\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u79d1\u6280\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4ece\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u82af\u7247，\u6570\u5b57IC\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728，\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6f14\u8fdb，\u6570\u5b57IC\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f&<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[371],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-76674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-371"],"yoast_head":"\n