{"id":74742,"date":"2026-02-10T14:25:25","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T06:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html"},"modified":"2026-02-10T14:25:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T06:25:25","slug":"rocket-0-5-%e4%bb%8e%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%88%b0%e8%83%bd%e4%b8%8a%e7%94%9f%e4%ba%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e9%93%be%e8%b7%af%ef%bc%88%e5%90%ab-fairing-guard-state-db-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html","title":{"rendered":"Rocket 0.5 \u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u201c\u80fd\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u542b Fairing\/Guard\/State\/DB\/Testing\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Quickstart：\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Rocket \u8dd1\u8d77\u6765<\/h3>\n

\u5b89\u88c5 Rust（\u63a8\u8350 rustup）：<\/p>\n

rustup default stable
\n# \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 nightly \u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4f53\u9a8c<\/span>
\n# rustup default nightly<\/span><\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

cargo new hello-rocket –bin
\ncd<\/span> hello-rocket<\/p>\n

Cargo.toml：<\/p>\n

[dependencies]
\nrocket = "0.5.1"<\/p>\n

src\/main.rs：<\/p>\n

#[macro_use]<\/span> extern<\/span> crate<\/span> rocket<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

#[get("\/"<\/span>)]<\/span>
\nfn<\/span> index<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> &<\/span>'static<\/span> str<\/span> {<\/span>
\n "Hello, world!"<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

#[launch]<\/span>
\nfn<\/span> rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> _ {<\/span>
\n rocket::<\/span><\/span>build<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>mount<\/span>(<\/span>"\/"<\/span>,<\/span> routes!<\/span>[<\/span>index]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c：<\/p>\n

cargo run<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230 Rocket \u542f\u52a8\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868，\u5e76\u80fd\u5728 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/ \u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

2. Rocket \u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f：\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684<\/h3>\n

\u628a Rocket \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u56db\u6b65\u4f1a\u5f88\u6e05\u6670：<\/p>\n

  • Routing：\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u6cd5 + path + query + format \u7b49\u5339\u914d\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n
  • Validation：\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u3001guard \u505a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u7b56\u7565\u6821\u9a8c（\u5931\u8d25\u53ef forward）<\/li>\n
  • Processing：\u8c03\u7528\u4f60\u7684 handler（\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91），\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Responder \u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n
  • Response：Rocket \u751f\u6210\u6700\u7ec8 HTTP Response（\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u5934\u3001body）<\/li>\n

    \u6838\u5fc3\u611f\u53d7：Rocket \u7684\u5f88\u591a\u201c\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0e\u5206\u652f\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u88ab\u4f60\u5199\u8fdb\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

    3. Requests：\u8def\u7531\u58f0\u660e = \u65b9\u6cd5\/\u8def\u5f84 + \u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b + Guard<\/h3>\n

    3.1 \u52a8\u6001\u8def\u5f84：\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8 forward<\/h4>\n

    #[get("\/hello\/<name>\/<age>\/<cool>"<\/span>)]<\/span>
    \nfn<\/span> hello<\/span>(<\/span>name:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> age:<\/span> u8<\/span>,<\/span> cool:<\/span> bool<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> cool {<\/span> format!<\/span>(<\/span>"Cool {}: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> age,<\/span> name)<\/span> }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span> format!<\/span>(<\/span>"{}\u2026"<\/span>,<\/span> name)<\/span> }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    age: u8\u3001cool: bool \u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53c2\u6570\u5b88\u536b\u201d：\u5982\u679c\u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25，Rocket \u4f1a\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5019\u9009\u8def\u7531（\u7531 rank \u51b3\u5b9a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7），\u76f4\u5230\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u6216\u89e6\u53d1 catcher\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.2 Rank：\u540c\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u591a\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u201c\u8def\u7531\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u201d<\/h4>\n

    \u5178\u578b\u7528\u6cd5：\u5bf9 \/user\/<id> \u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u6574\u6570\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7248\u672c，\u6574\u6570\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5，\u5931\u8d25\u518d\u843d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.3 Request Guards：\u628a\u8ba4\u8bc1\/\u6388\u6743\/\u6821\u9a8c\u53d8\u6210\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n

    \u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 FromRequest，\u5b83\u5c31\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a request guard：<\/p>\n

    #[get("\/admin"<\/span>)]<\/span>
    \nfn<\/span> admin_panel<\/span>(<\/span>admin:<\/span> AdminUser<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> &<\/span>'static<\/span> str<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n "admin ok"<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5199\u63a5\u53e3\u53ea\u8981\u628a AdminUser \u653e\u8fdb\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868，\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u5c42\u9762\u201d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u6821\u9a8c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Option<T> \/ Result<T, E> \u6355\u83b7 guard \u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u9519\u8bef，\u628a\u201c\u5931\u8d25\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\/\u8f6c\u53d1\u201d\u6539\u6210\u201c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5185\u5904\u7406\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.4 Body Data：JSON \/ Form \/ TempFile \/ Streaming<\/h4>\n

    JSON：<\/p>\n

    use<\/span> rocket::<\/span>serde::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Deserialize<\/span>,<\/span> json::<\/span><\/span>Json<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    #[derive(Deserialize)]<\/span>
    \n#[serde(crate="rocket::serde"<\/span>)]<\/span>
    \nstruct<\/span> Task<\/span><<\/span>'r<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span> description:<\/span> &<\/span>'r<\/span> str<\/span>,<\/span> complete:<\/span> bool<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

    #[post("\/todo"<\/span>, data="<task>"<\/span>)]<\/span>
    \nfn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>task:<\/span> Json<\/span><<\/span>Task<\/span><<\/span>'_<\/span>>><\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* … *\/<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

    Form\u3001Multipart\u3001TempFile\u3001Data \u6d41\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5b88\u536b\u201d（FromData）\u3002\u4f60\u628a\u7c7b\u578b\u5199\u8fdb\u7b7e\u540d，\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 Rocket \u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u9650\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

    4. Responses：Responder \u8ba9\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u201c\u968f\u4fbf\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d<\/h3>\n

    Rocket \u7684 handler \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u81ea\u7531，\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0 Responder \u90fd\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

    4.1 \u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u5408：status + content_type \u8986\u76d6\u5668<\/h4>\n

    use<\/span> rocket::<\/span>http::<\/span><\/span>Status<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nuse<\/span> rocket::<\/span>response::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>content,<\/span> status}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    #[get("\/"<\/span>)]<\/span>
    \nfn<\/span> json<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> status::<\/span><\/span>Custom<\/span><<\/span>content::<\/span><\/span>RawJson<\/span><<\/span>&<\/span>'static<\/span> str<\/span>>><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n status::<\/span><\/span>Custom<\/span>(<\/span>Status<\/span>::<\/span>ImATeapot<\/span>,<\/span> content::<\/span><\/span>RawJson<\/span>(<\/span>r#"{ "hi": "world" }"#<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    4.2 Option \/ Result：\u628a\u201c404\/\u9519\u8bef\u5206\u652f\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u7c7b\u578b\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • Option<T>：Some \u2192 \u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94；None \u2192 \u81ea\u52a8 404<\/li>\n
    • Result<T, E>：Ok\/Err \u5206\u522b\u8d70\u4e0d\u540c responder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u9002\u5408\u5199\u201c\u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u5c31 404\u201d\u201c\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

      4.3 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 Responder：\u7edf\u4e00\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u6784\/\u7edf\u4e00\u54cd\u5e94 Envelope<\/h4>\n

      \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 derive Responder \u6216\u624b\u5199 Responder，\u628a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001headers\u3001content-type\u3001body \u56fa\u5316\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a ApiError \/ ApiResponse<T>，\u5e76\u914d\u5408 catchers \u505a\u515c\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

      5. State：\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h3>\n

      5.1 Managed State：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h4>\n

      rocket::<\/span><\/span>build<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>manage<\/span>(<\/span>MyConfig<\/span> {<\/span> …<\/span> }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5728 handler \u91cc\u6ce8\u5165：<\/p>\n

      use<\/span> rocket::<\/span><\/span>State<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      #[get("\/"<\/span>)]<\/span>
      \nfn<\/span> handler<\/span>(<\/span>cfg:<\/span> &<\/span>State<\/span><<\/span>MyConfig<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span> \/* … *\/<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u524d\u63d0：\u5fc5\u987b Send + Sync，\u56e0\u4e3a Rocket \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

      5.2 Request-Local State：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u201c\u7f13\u5b58\u4f4d\u201d<\/h4>\n

      request.local_cache(|| …) \u5f88\u9002\u5408\u505a\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u7684\u6602\u8d35\u903b\u8f91，\u6bd4\u5982 request_id\u3001\u9274\u6743\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

      5.3 rocket_db_pools：\u5b98\u65b9\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u65b9\u5f0f（ORM \u65e0\u5173）<\/h4>\n

      \u4e09\u6b65\u8d70：\u542f\u7528 driver feature \u2192 Rocket.toml \u914d\u6570\u636e\u5e93 \u2192 #[derive(Database)] + Connection<T> guard \u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8fd9\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u91cc\u5f88\u5173\u952e：\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，Rocket \u7528 guard \u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

      6. Fairings：Rocket \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6（\u4f46\u8981\u7528\u5bf9）<\/h3>\n

      Fairing \u80fd\u6302\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u70b9\u4e0a：Ignite\u3001Liftoff\u3001Request\u3001Response\u3001Shutdown\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u505a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u6a2a\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u201d：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u3001Tracing<\/li>\n
      • \u5168\u5c40\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u3001CORS<\/li>\n
      • \u7edf\u4e00\u91cd\u5199\u67d0\u4e9b\u54cd\u5e94（\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u9ed8\u8ba4 404 \u6539\u6210 JSON）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u7528 fairing \u5904\u7406\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u9274\u6743\u201d，\u56e0\u4e3a request guard \u66f4\u5e72\u51c0\u3001\u66f4\u53ef\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u540c\u65f6\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • fairing \u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7ec8\u6b62\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94（\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u7684 middleware）<\/li>\n
        • fairing \u6309 attach \u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c，\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          7. Testing：Rocket \u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u624d\u8212\u670d<\/h3>\n

          Rocket \u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u662f：\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u672c\u5730 Rocket \u5b9e\u4f8b\u201d\u505a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d3e\u53d1（local dispatch），\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d77\u771f\u5b9e\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

          7.1 \u63a8\u8350\u6a21\u5f0f：\u628a build \u4e0e launch \u5206\u79bb<\/h4>\n

          \u8fd9\u6837\u6d4b\u8bd5\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u5230 Rocket \u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

          use<\/span> rocket::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Build<\/span>,<\/span> Rocket<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          pub<\/span> fn<\/span> build_rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Rocket<\/span><<\/span>Build<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
          \n rocket::<\/span><\/span>build<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>mount<\/span>(<\/span>"\/"<\/span>,<\/span> routes!<\/span>[<\/span>\/*…*\/<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          #[launch]<\/span>
          \nfn<\/span> rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> _ {<\/span>
          \n build_rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          7.2 Blocking Client：\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u65ad\u8a00\u6700\u7701\u4e8b<\/h4>\n

          rocket::local::blocking::Client \u662f\u591a\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u9996\u9009：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • status \/ headers \/ content_type \u65ad\u8a00\u7b80\u5355<\/li>\n
          • body \u7528 into_string() \/ into_json() \u4e00\u6b65\u8bfb\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u7ec4\u201c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ea7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d\u4f8b\u5b50，\u8986\u76d6：\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u3001JSON\u3001\u9274\u6743\u5931\u8d25\u8d70 catcher\u3001Fairing \u6ce8\u5165\u5934\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5230 src\/main.rs \u91cc（\u6216 src\/tests.rs \u5f15\u5165）：<\/p>\n

            #[cfg(test)]<\/span>
            \nmod<\/span> tests<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n use<\/span> rocket::<\/span>http::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>Status<\/span>,<\/span> ContentType<\/span>,<\/span> Header<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n use<\/span> rocket::<\/span>local::<\/span>blocking::<\/span><\/span>Client<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cc\u6709 build_rocket()，\u8fd4\u56de Rocket<Build><\/span>
            \n use<\/span> super<\/span>::<\/span>build_rocket<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            #[test]<\/span>
            \n fn<\/span> ping_ok_and_has_trace_headers<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> client =<\/span> Client<\/span>::<\/span>tracked<\/span>(<\/span>build_rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"valid rocket"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>"\/api\/ping"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>dispatch<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>status<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Status<\/span>::<\/span>Ok<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>content_type<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>ContentType<\/span>::<\/span>JSON<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            \/\/ Fairing \u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5934（\u6bd4\u5982 X-Request-Id \/ X-Response-Time-ms）<\/span>
            \n assert!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>headers<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>get_one<\/span>(<\/span>"X-Request-Id"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>is_some<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>headers<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>get_one<\/span>(<\/span>"X-Response-Time-ms"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>is_some<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            let<\/span> json:<\/span> serde_json::<\/span><\/span>Value<\/span> =<\/span> resp.<\/span>into_json<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"json body"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>json[<\/span>"ok"<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> true<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

            #[test]<\/span>
            \n fn<\/span> create_task_requires_auth_and_returns_json_error<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> client =<\/span> Client<\/span>::<\/span>tracked<\/span>(<\/span>build_rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"valid rocket"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            \/\/ \u4e0d\u5e26 token \u6216\u5e26\u9519 token，\u5e94\u8be5 forward \u5230 401 catcher（\/api \u4f5c\u7528\u57df）<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> mut<\/span> resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>post<\/span>(<\/span>"\/api\/tasks"<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>ContentType<\/span>::<\/span>JSON<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n .<\/span>body<\/span>(<\/span>r#"{ "title": "x" }"#<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n .<\/span>dispatch<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>status<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Status<\/span>::<\/span>Unauthorized<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>content_type<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>ContentType<\/span>::<\/span>JSON<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            let<\/span> json:<\/span> serde_json::<\/span><\/span>Value<\/span> =<\/span> resp.<\/span>into_json<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"json body"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>json[<\/span>"code"<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> 401<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert!<\/span>(<\/span>json[<\/span>"message"<\/span>]<\/span>.<\/span>as_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap_or<\/span>(<\/span>""<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>contains<\/span>(<\/span>"Unauthorized"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

            #[test]<\/span>
            \n fn<\/span> create_task_success<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n std::<\/span>env::<\/span><\/span>set_var<\/span>(<\/span>"API_TOKEN"<\/span>,<\/span> "devtoken"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> client =<\/span> Client<\/span>::<\/span>tracked<\/span>(<\/span>build_rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"valid rocket"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            let<\/span> mut<\/span> resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>post<\/span>(<\/span>"\/api\/tasks"<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>ContentType<\/span>::<\/span>JSON<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>Header<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>"Authorization"<\/span>,<\/span> "Bearer devtoken"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n .<\/span>body<\/span>(<\/span>r#"{ "title": "first" }"#<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n .<\/span>dispatch<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>status<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Status<\/span>::<\/span>Created<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>content_type<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>ContentType<\/span>::<\/span>JSON<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            let<\/span> json:<\/span> serde_json::<\/span><\/span>Value<\/span> =<\/span> resp.<\/span>into_json<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"json body"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>json[<\/span>"title"<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> "first"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>json[<\/span>"done"<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> false<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

            #[test]<\/span>
            \n fn<\/span> cors_headers_present<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> client =<\/span> Client<\/span>::<\/span>tracked<\/span>(<\/span>build_rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"valid rocket"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>"\/api\/ping"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>dispatch<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            \/\/ \u4f60\u7684 CORS Fairing \u82e5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5934，\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u65ad\u8a00<\/span>
            \n assert!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>headers<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>get_one<\/span>(<\/span>"Access-Control-Allow-Origin"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>is_some<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert!<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>headers<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>get_one<\/span>(<\/span>"Access-Control-Allow-Methods"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>is_some<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u4f60\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230：\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cc\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528 unwrap\/expect \u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u5c31\u8be5 panic\u3002<\/p>\n

            7.3 \u5f02\u6b65\u6d4b\u8bd5：\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u201c\u5e76\u53d1\u6d3e\u53d1\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\u65f6<\/h4>\n

            Blocking API \u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6d3e\u53d1\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u201c\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\u201d（\u6bd4\u5982 barrier\u3001\u9501\u3001\u961f\u5217\u6d88\u8d39），\u5c31\u7528 asynchronous client\u3002<\/p>\n

            Rocket \u63d0\u4f9b\u5f02\u6b65\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5165\u53e3（\u5e38\u89c1\u5199\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f rocket::local::asynchronous::Client + #[rocket::async_test]）：<\/p>\n

            #[cfg(test)]<\/span>
            \nmod<\/span> async_tests<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n use<\/span> rocket::<\/span>local::<\/span>asynchronous::<\/span><\/span>Client<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n use<\/span> rocket::<\/span>http::<\/span><\/span>Status<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            use<\/span> super<\/span>::<\/span>build_rocket<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            #[rocket::async_test]<\/span>
            \n async<\/span> fn<\/span> concurrent_requests_work<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> client =<\/span> Client<\/span>::<\/span>tracked<\/span>(<\/span>build_rocket<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"valid rocket"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            let<\/span> r1 =<\/span> client.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>"\/api\/ping"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>dispatch<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> r2 =<\/span> client.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>"\/api\/ping"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>dispatch<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            let<\/span> (<\/span>mut<\/span> a,<\/span> mut<\/span> b)<\/span> =<\/span> rocket::<\/span>tokio::<\/span><\/span>join!<\/span>(<\/span>r1,<\/span> r2)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>a.<\/span>status<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Status<\/span>::<\/span>Ok<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>b.<\/span>status<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Status<\/span>::<\/span>Ok<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            let<\/span> ja:<\/span> serde_json::<\/span><\/span>Value<\/span> =<\/span> a.<\/span>into_json<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n let<\/span> jb:<\/span> serde_json::<\/span><\/span>Value<\/span> =<\/span> b.<\/span>into_json<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>await<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>ja[<\/span>"ok"<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> true<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>jb[<\/span>"ok"<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> true<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            7.4 Codegen Debug：\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u201c\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u65f6\u7684\u6740\u624b\u950f<\/h4>\n

            Rocket \u5927\u91cf\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b8f\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u9047\u5230\u8be1\u5f02\u7c7b\u578b\u62a5\u9519\u65f6，\u6253\u5f00\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u8c03\u8bd5\u8f93\u51fa\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u7a7f：<\/p>\n

            ROCKET_CODEGEN_DEBUG<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span> cargo build<\/p>\n

            \u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u8def\u7531\u5b8f\u751f\u6210\u7684 facade handler\u3001\u5339\u914d\u903b\u8f91\u7b49\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765，\u5e2e\u4f60\u5b9a\u4f4d\u201c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8c01\u5728\u63a8\u5bfc\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

            8. \u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316 Checklist（\u7167\u7740\u505a\u5c31\u5f88\u7a33）<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • \u8def\u7531\u5c42：\u5c3d\u91cf\u628a\u6821\u9a8c\u5199\u8fdb\u7b7e\u540d（\u7c7b\u578b + guards），\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u5e72\u51c0<\/li>\n
            • \u8ba4\u8bc1\u6388\u6743：\u4f18\u5148 Request Guard；\u5168\u5c40\u7b56\u7565\u624d\u4e0a Fairing<\/li>\n
            • \u9519\u8bef\u4f53\u7cfb：API \u8def\u5f84\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6ce8\u518c JSON catchers；\u4e1a\u52a1\u9519\u8bef\u7528\u7edf\u4e00 ApiError\/ApiResponse<\/li>\n
            • \u72b6\u6001：\u5168\u5c40\u7528 Managed State；\u6bcf\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f13\u5b58\u7528 local_cache<\/li>\n
            • I\/O：\u80fd async \u5c31 async；\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u5c31 spawn_blocking<\/li>\n
            • \u6d4b\u8bd5：\u4f18\u5148 blocking client；\u9700\u8981\u5e76\u53d1\u518d\u7528 async client<\/li>\n
            • \u590d\u6742\u62a5\u9519：\u7528 ROCKET_CODEGEN_DEBUG=1 \u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              1. Quickstart：\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Rocket \u8dd1\u8d77\u6765
              \n\u5b89\u88c5 Rust（\u63a8\u8350 rustup）：
              \nrustup default stable
              \n# \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 nightly \u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4f53\u9a8c
              \n# rustup default nightly\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56：
              \ncargo new hello-rocket –bin
              \ncd hello-rocketCargo.toml：
              \n[dependenc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[100],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-74742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-100"],"yoast_head":"\nRocket 0.5 \u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u201c\u80fd\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u542b Fairing\/Guard\/State\/DB\/Testing\uff09 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rocket 0.5 \u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u201c\u80fd\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u542b Fairing\/Guard\/State\/DB\/Testing\uff09 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1. 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Quickstart：\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Rocket \u8dd1\u8d77\u6765 \u5b89\u88c5 Rust（\u63a8\u8350 rustup）： rustup default stable # \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 nightly \u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4f53\u9a8c # rustup default nightly\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56： cargo new hello-rocket --bin cd hello-rocketCargo.toml： [dependenc","og_url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html","og_site_name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","article_published_time":"2026-02-10T06:25:25+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"admin","\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"5 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html","name":"Rocket 0.5 \u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u201c\u80fd\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u542b Fairing\/Guard\/State\/DB\/Testing\uff09 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-02-10T06:25:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-10T06:25:25+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74742.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Rocket 0.5 \u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u201c\u80fd\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u542b Fairing\/Guard\/State\/DB\/Testing\uff09"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/","name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","description":"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74742"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74742\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74742"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=74742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}