{"id":74592,"date":"2026-02-10T07:58:01","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T23:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74592.html"},"modified":"2026-02-10T07:58:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T23:58:01","slug":"2-2_linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f-kali-linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74592.html","title":{"rendered":"2.2_linux\u7cfb\u7edf--kali linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3 kali linux \u7684 \u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u4fe1\u606f \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e00.Linux \u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u6307GNU\/Linux&#xff08;\u5355\u72ec\u7684Linux\u5185\u6838\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u642d\u914dGNU\u5957\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6545\u5f97\u6b64\u79f0\u547c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7c7bUNIX\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5176\u5185\u6838\u7531\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u672c\u7eb3\u7b2c\u514b\u7279\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179&#xff08;Linus Benedict Torvalds&#xff09;\u4e8e1991\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5230Minix\u548cUnix\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u542f\u53d1&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8ePOSIX\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591aCPU\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u630132\u4f4d\u548c64\u4f4d\u786c\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684Unix\u5de5\u5177\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Linux\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Unix\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Linux\u6709\u4e0a\u767e\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248&#xff0c;\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684Debian\u3001[Arch Linux](https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/Arch Linux\/8876099?fromModule&#061;lemma_inlink)&#xff0c;\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684[Red Hat Enterprise Linux](https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/Red Hat Enterprise Linux\/10770503?fromModule&#061;lemma_inlink)\u3001SUSE\u3001[Oracle Linux](https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/Oracle Linux\/6876458?fromModule&#061;lemma_inlink)\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Linux\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u4e24\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00&#xff1a;\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e8c. Kali Linux \u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Kali Linux\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eDebian\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3002 \u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u53d6\u8bc1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u7531Offensive Security&#xff08;OffSec&#xff09;\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u8d44\u52a9\u3002 \u6700\u65e9\u662f\u7531Offensive Security\u7684Mati Aharoni\u548cDevon Kearns\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199BackTrack\u6765\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u800cBackTrack\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u8bc1\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Kali\u662f\u5bf9BackTrack Linux\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u5efa&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5b8c\u5168\u9075\u5faaDebian\u5f00\u53d1\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u590d\u67e5\u5e76\u6253\u5305\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u8fd8\u4e3aVCS\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86Git \u6811\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Kali Linux \u9762\u5411\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;Kali Linux \u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u5904\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4fee\u6539&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<li>**\u5355\u7528\u6237&#xff1a;**\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4ee5 root \u6743\u9650\u767b\u5f55&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u672c\u8d28&#xff0c;Kali Linux \u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5355\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;root\u6743\u9650\u201d\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>**\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7981\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1&#xff1a;**Kali Linux \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7981\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684 sysvinit hooks \u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728 Kali Linux \u5b89\u88c5\u5404\u79cd\u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u5404\u79cd\u5305&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u786e\u4fdd\u672c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u84dd\u7259&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5217\u5165\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u3002<\/li>\n<li>**\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5185\u6838&#xff1a;**Kali Linux \u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u8fc7\u65e0\u7ebf\u6ce8\u5165\u8865\u4e01\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u652f\u6301\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;XXX.deb<\/li>\n<li>kali-undercover mode \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 kali \u4f2a\u88c5\u4e3a windows10<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165 kali-undercover \u5e76\u56de\u8f66&#xff0c;Undercover \u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u684c\u9762\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Windows10\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u684c\u9762\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c Kali-undercover \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53d6\u6d88 Undercover \u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e09.Kali \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n<h4>1.\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784(kali\u4e0ewindows\u7684\u533a\u522b)<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235756-698a74847c1cb.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>1.)windows \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728Windows\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u76d8\u7b26(C\u76d8\u3001D\u76d8\u3001E\u76d8)&#xff0c;\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d8\u7b26\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u5404\u76d8 \u7684 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \u5c31\u662f\u5176 \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 \u76d8\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.)kali \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>kali \u4e2d \/ \u662f\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9876\u70b9&#xff08;\u53ca\u6839\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u53ca\u529f\u80fd<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235756-698a74849b3be.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>1.)\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u7c7b<\/h5>\n<p>\/boot&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u542f\u52a8Linux \u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u66f4\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u51fa\u9519\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/network\/interfaces :\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config :\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e SSH \u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\/lib&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**\u5b58\u653e\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eWindows\u91cc\u7684DLL\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/sys&#xff1a; \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e \/proc &#xff0c;\u4f46\u66f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5185\u6838\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.)\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b<\/h5>\n<p>\/bin&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5982 ls\u3001cp\u3001mv \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/sbin&#xff1a;\u53ea\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5982 ifconfig\u3001iptables \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<h5>3.)\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b<\/h5>\n<p>\/dev &#xff1a;Device(\u8bbe\u5907)\u7684\u7f29\u5199, \u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662fLinux\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5982\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/media&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u4f3cwindows\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982U\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u9a71\u7b49\u7b49&#xff0c;\u8bc6\u522b\u540elinux\u4f1a\u628a\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/mnt&#xff1a;\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u78c1\u76d8\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff1a;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5149\u9a71\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\/mnt\/\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5149\u9a71\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/run&#xff1a;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u6389\u6216\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6709 \/var\/run \u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u5b83\u6307\u5411 run\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/lost&#043;found&#xff1a;\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u6cd5\u5173\u673a\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/tmp&#xff1a;&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e14\u91cc\u8fb9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u653e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5165\u4fb5linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5c06\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5165\u6b64\u5904&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u5904\u5b58\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>5.)\u8d26\u6237\u7c7b<\/h5>\n<p>\/root&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237&#xff08;root&#xff09;\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5373&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\/home&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**root\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u5916\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u547d\u540d\u7684\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2a\u4eba\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/usr&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u6863\u7b49&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ewindows\u4e0b\u7684program files\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5982 \/usr\/bin\u3001\/usr\/sbin\u3001\/usr\/src \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/usr\/bin&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/usr\/sbin&#xff1a;\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/usr\/src&#xff1a;\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u653e\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>6.)\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8981\u7528\u7684<\/h5>\n<p>\/var&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**\u5b58\u653e\u7ecf\u5e38\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\/var\/log \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff09;\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/proc&#xff1a;**&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;**\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6620\u5c04&#xff0c;\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>7.)\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u7684<\/h5>\n<p>\/opt&#xff1a;\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u88c5\u989d\u5916\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u653e\u5728 \/usr \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\/srv&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u4e0d\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a&#xff09;\u3002\u5982 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001FTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u989c\u8272\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49<\/h4>\n<p>\u767d\u8272&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u84dd\u8272&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u7eff\u8272&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea2\u8272&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u6d45\u84dd\u8272&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec4\u8272&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u7070\u8272&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea2\u8272\u95ea\u70c1&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<h3>\u56db.kali \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4(\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55)<\/h3>\n<p>kali\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>*&#xff1a; \u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709<\/li>\n<li>?&#xff1a;\u5339\u914d\u5355\u4e2a<\/li>\n<li>[a-z]&#xff1a;\u5339\u914d\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd a-z \u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3cUnicode\u67e5\u8be2\u3002[] \u5185\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.\u4fe1\u606f\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<h5>1.)\u76ee\u5f55\/\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f pwd \u548c ls<\/h5>\n<p>pwd&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p>ls&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u5e73\u94fa\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>pwd        # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ls         # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<br \/>\nls -a       # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939,\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nls -l       # \u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nll         # \u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4 ls -l \u6548\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7<\/p>\n<h6>tips&#xff1a;ls -l \u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u8bfb<\/h6>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235756-698a7484b5354.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4\u670810\u65e5 21:34 apt.conf.d<\/p>\n<p>\u5934\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>d: \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>-&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>l&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p>b&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u5757\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n<p>c&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n<p>s&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868socket&#xff08;\u901a\u4fe1\u63a5\u53e3&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>p&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u7ba1\u9053&#xff08;pipline&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>rwxr-xr-x&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>rwxr-xr-x \u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e09\u6bb5\u5206\u5f00\u89e3\u91ca.r&#061;&#061;&gt;\u53ef\u8bfb; W&#061;&#061;&gt;\u53ef\u5199; x&#061;&#061;&gt;\u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<p>rwx &#061;&#061;&gt;\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>r-x &#061;&#061;&gt;\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6240\u5728\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>r-x &#061;&#061;&gt;\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>2 &#061;&#061;&gt;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u6570.<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a root &#061;&#061;&gt;\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a root &#061;&#061;&gt;\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>4096 &#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n<p>4\u670810\u65e5 21:34 &#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>apt.conf.d &#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u540e\u7f00\u662f .d<\/p>\n<h5>2.)\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9 vat\u3001head\u3001tail<\/h5>\n<p>cat&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>cat .\/a\/111.txt     # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684111.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>head&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5934\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f10\u884c&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>head 111.txt# \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6111.txt \u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nhead -20 111.txt# \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6111.txt \u5934\u90e820\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>tail&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f10\u884c&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>tail 111.txt# \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6111.txt \u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ntail -15 111.txt# \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6111.txt \u5c3e\u90e815\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<h5>3.)\u67e5\u627e&#xff1a;find\u548cgrep<\/h5>\n<p>grep &#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d \u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185 \u641c\u7d22 \u6307\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57 \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>grep &#034;password&#034; \/etc\/passwd # \u5728 \/etc\/passwd \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b &#034;password&#034; \u7684\u884c<br \/>\ngrep -rn &#8211;include &#034;*.php&#034; &#034;eval(&#034; .\/   # \u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709 php \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 &#034;eval(&#034; \u5173\u952e\u5b57 <\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u200c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-i&#xff1a;\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199&#xff08;\u5982 grep -i \u201ckeyword\u201d file.txt&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-r \u6216 -R&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 grep -r \u201cadmin\u201d \/var\/www&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-n&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u884c\u53f7&#xff08;\u5982 grep -n \u201cerror\u201d log.txt&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-v&#xff1a;\u53cd\u5411\u5339\u914d&#xff08;\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-l&#xff1a;\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u9879\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>find &#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>find \/var\/log -type f -name &#034;*.log&#034; # \u67e5\u627e \/var\/log \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b \u6240\u6709\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e3a .log \u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nfind .\/ -type d -perm 777  # \u67e5\u627e \u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b \u6743\u9650\u4e3a 777 \u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u200c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-name&#xff1a;\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5339\u914d&#xff08;\u5982 find \/ -name \u201c*.conf\u201d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-type&#xff1a;\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff08;f \u6587\u4ef6\u3001d \u76ee\u5f55\u3001l \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-size&#xff1a;\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff08;\u5982 find \/var\/log -size &#043;10M&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-perm&#xff1a;\u6309\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff08;\u5982 find \/ -perm -4000 \u67e5\u627e SUID \u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-exec&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5982 find . -name \u201c*.tmp\u201d -exec rm {} ;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>tips: \u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528 find \u548c grep<\/h6>\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p># \u67e5\u627e \/etc\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b \u6240\u6709 .conf \u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u641c\u7d22 &#034;Listen 80&#034; \u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\nfind \/etc -type f -name &#034;*.conf&#034; -exec grep -H &#034;Listen 80&#034; {} \\\\;  <\/p>\n<p># \u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u548c xargs \u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd&#xff08;\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548&#xff09;<br \/>\nfind \/etc -type f -name &#034;*.conf&#034; | xargs grep -H &#034;Listen 80&#034;<\/p>\n<p>find \/etc -type f -name \u201c*.conf\u201d -exec grep -H \u201cListen 80\u201d {} ; \u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>** find \/etc**&#xff1a;\u4ece \/etc \u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/li>\n<li>** -type f\u200c&#xff1a;\u4ec5\u5339\u914d \u200c\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6**\u200c&#xff08;\u6392\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-type d&#xff1a;\u76ee\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-type l&#xff1a;\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>** -name \u201c*.conf\u201d**\u200c&#xff1a;\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5339\u914d&#xff0c;\u7b5b\u9009\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e3a .conf \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>** -exec grep -H \u201cListen 80\u201d {} ;**\u200c\u200c&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c grep \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u641c\u7d22 \u201cListen 80\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>-exec&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>grep -H \u201cListen 80\u201d {}&#xff1a;\u5728\u6587\u4ef6 {} \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff0c;\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff08;-H \u786e\u4fdd\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>{}&#xff1a;\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u88ab find \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>;&#xff1a;\u8f6c\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u53f7&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a -exec \u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.\u76ee\u5f55\/\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<h5>1.)\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c cd\u3001mkdir\u3001rmdir<\/h5>\n<p>cd&#xff1a;\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>cd ..      # \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<br \/>\ncd \/       # \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<br \/>\ncd \/etc    # \u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684etc\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u5165\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\ncd etc     # \u5047\u5982\u76ee\u524d\u5c31\u5904\u4e8e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u5165\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>mkdir &#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55(\u9700\u8981root\u6743\u9650)<\/p>\n<p>sudo mkdir a# \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 a<br \/>\nsudo mkdir -p a\/b# \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 a \u4e14 \u5728a\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 b<\/p>\n<p>rmdir &#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>sudo rmdir a# \u5220\u9664 \u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55 a<\/p>\n<h5>2.)\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c touch\u3001echo\u3001rm<\/h5>\n<p>touch &#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>touch 11.txt# \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u521b\u5efa 11.txt \u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nsudo touch \/a\/1.txt# \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 a \u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6 1.txt \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>echo &#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;echo \u5185\u5bb9 &gt;&#xff08;\u6216&gt;&gt;&#xff09; \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>echo hello word &gt; 11.txt# 11.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9 &#034;hello word&#034; \u6587\u4ef6\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6&#xff08;\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u614e\u7528&#xff09;<br \/>\necho i love you! &gt;&gt; 11.txt# 11.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9 &#034;i love you!&#034; \u6587\u4ef6\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6<\/p>\n<p>rm&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u614e\u7528&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>rm -f # \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 -f \u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565<br \/>\nrm -f 11.txt# \u5220\u9664 11.txt \u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nsudo rm -rf \/a# \u5220\u9664 \u975e\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55 a \u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55 a \u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u614e\u7528&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h5>3).vim\/vi \u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u5177<\/h5>\n<p>\u4ecb\u7ecd&#xff1a;Vim \u662f\u4ece vi \u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u8865\u5168\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u8df3\u8f6c\u7b49\u65b9\u4fbf\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u522b\u4e30\u5bcc&#xff0c;\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235757-698a748545e71.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>a.\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6572\u51fb\u952e\u76d8\u4f1a\u88abVim\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\/ac \u4ece\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b \u5f53\u524d\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u67e5\u627eac\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;ac \u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<p>?ac \u4ece\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a \u5f53\u524d\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u67e5\u627eac\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;ac \u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<p>i \\\\a \u5207\u6362\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5728\u5149\u6807\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n<p>o \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u65b9\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>dd \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u884c<\/p>\n<p>yy \u590d\u5236\u5f53\u524d\u884c<\/p>\n<p>p \u7c98\u8d34\u526a\u8d34\u677f\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u5149\u6807\u4e0b\u65b9<\/p>\n<p>u \u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>&#xff1a; \u5207\u6362\u5230\u5e95\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<h6>b.\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5e95\u7ebf&#xff09;\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6309\u4e0b \u201d:\u201c&#xff08;\u82f1\u6587\u5192\u53f7&#xff09;\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5e95\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>set nu \u7ed9\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u884c\u53f7<\/p>\n<p>q \u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>wq \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51favim\u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n<p>q! \u5f3a\u5236\u9000\u51favim\u7f16\u8f91 \u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58<\/p>\n<h6>c.\u63d2\u5165&#xff08;\u7f16\u8f91&#xff09;\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6309\u4e0b i \u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Esc \u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<h5>4.)\u590d\u5236\/\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55 cp\u3001mv<\/h5>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u590d\u5236\/\u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u5e76\u5e26\u8d70<\/p>\n<p>cp&#xff1a;\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>cp -r  aa package\/liann# \u5c06 aa \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 liann \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570 -r<br \/>\ncp  .\/Desktop\/aa.py \/home\/kali\/aa# \u5c06 Desktop \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684aa.py \u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230 aa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u53c2\u6570-r<\/p>\n<p>mv&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>mv aa package\/liann# \u79fb\u52a8 aa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 \u5230 liann \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185<br \/>\nmv package\/liann\/test\/aa.py .# \u5c06 test \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u7684 aa.py \u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n<p>mv \u7684\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>mv aa.py package\/liann\/py_test.py# \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 aa.py \u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 liann \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a py_test.py<\/p>\n<h5>5.)\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29 rar\u3001tar\u3001bzip2<\/h5>\n<p>\u4e09\u79cd\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>rar&#xff1a;\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u4e3a .rar \u6216 .cbr&#xff08;\u6f2b\u753b\u4e66\u683c\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>tar&#xff1a;\u5728 Unix \u548c\u7c7b Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa tar \u5f52\u6863&#xff08;\u4e0d\u538b\u7f29&#xff09;&#xff1a;tar -cvf archive_name.tar directory_or_files<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u5e76 gzip \u538b\u7f29&#xff1a;tar -czvf archive_name.tar.gz directory_or_files<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u5e76 bzip2 \u538b\u7f29&#xff1a;tar -cjvf archive_name.tar.bz2 directory_or_files<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u538b tar \u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u89e3\u538b\u547d\u4ee4\u5982 gzip \u6216 bzip2&#xff09;&#xff1a;tar -xvf archive_name.tar.gz \u6216 tar -xjvf archive_name.tar.bz2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>bzip2&#xff1a;\u5728 Linux \u548c Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e3a .bz2 \u6216 .bz<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u667a\u80fd\u538b\u7f29\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>a.\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00: rar<\/h6>\n<h6>a.1)rar a&#xff1a;\u76ee\u5f55\u538b\u7f29<\/h6>\n<p>rar a package.rar package# \u5c06\u76ee\u5f55 package \u538b\u7f29\u4e3a package.rar \u3002\u539f\u6709\u7684 package \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235757-698a7485c83d1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>a.2)rar x&#xff1a;\u76ee\u5f55\u89e3\u538b\u7f29<\/h6>\n<p>rar x package.rar # \u5bf9 package.rar \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u539f\u6709\u7684 package.rar \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235758-698a748609b30.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>b.\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\u4e8c &#xff1a;tar<\/h6>\n<h6>b.1)tar \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/h6>\n<p>c: \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>x: \u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6216\u4ece\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>t&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u5b58\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>v: \u663e\u793a\u5728\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>f: \u6307\u5b9a\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>z: \u4f7f\u7528 gzip \u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<p>j: \u4f7f\u7528 bzip2 \u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<p>-C&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9atar\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>b.2)tar \u538b\u7f29<\/h6>\n<p>tar -jcvf 111.tar.bz2 package# \u5c06 package \u76ee\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528 bzip2 \u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u6210 111.tar.bz2 \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<h6>b.3)tar \u89e3\u538b\u7f29<\/h6>\n<p>tar -tf 111.tar# \u5217\u51fa 111.tar \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ntar -jxvf 111.tar.bz2# \u5c06 111.tar.bz2 \u4f7f\u7528 bzip2 \u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n<h6>b.4)\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h6>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u538b\u7f29&#xff0c;\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u6700\u597d\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 tar \u7684 bzip2 \u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29&#xff0c;\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u6700\u597d\u662ftar.bz2 &#xff1b;\u4f7f\u7528 bzip2 \u547d\u4ee4\u538b\u7f29&#xff0c;\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u5c31\u4e3abz2\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5426\u5219\u5728\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u89c1\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u547d\u4ee4 &#xff1a;file \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<h6>c.\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\u4e09 &#xff1a;bzip2<\/h6>\n<h6>c.1)bzip2 &#xff1a;\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u6210bz2\u6587\u4ef6<\/h6>\n<p>bzip2 demo.txt# \u6587\u4ef6 demo.txt \u538b\u7f29\u4e3a bz2 \u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235758-698a748645b17.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>c.2)unbzip2 &#xff1a;\u5c06bz2\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u538b<\/h6>\n<p>bunzip2 demo.txt.bz2# \u5c06 demo.txt.bz2 \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 \u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235758-698a74866b426.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>c.3)\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<p>bzip2\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29&#xff0c;\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u4e14\u667a\u80fd\u538b\u7f29\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.\u7528\u6237\/\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728Kali Linux\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>UID&#xff08;User ID&#xff09;\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237&#xff08;root&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u62e5\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6237ID&#xff08;UID&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7528\u4ee5\u6807\u8bc6\u548c\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>GID&#xff08;Group ID&#xff09;\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff08;root&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u62e5\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7ec4ID&#xff08;UID&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7528\u4ee5\u6807\u8bc6\u548c\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5185&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u6237ID&#xff08;UID&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>1.\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/h5>\n<h6>1.&#xff09;\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>whoami# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>id kali# \u67e5\u770bkali\u7528\u6237\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0d\u5199\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p>cat \/etc\/passwd  # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>useradd \u7528\u6237\u540d# \u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>userdel \u7528\u6237\u540d# \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237&#xff08;\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7ec4\u5185&#xff09;<br \/>\nuserdel -f \u7528\u6237\u540d# \u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>usermod\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879 \u7528\u6237\u540d# \u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u67d0\u9879\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u4ee5\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>passwd \u7528\u6237\u540d      # \u914d\u7f6e\u67d0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<p>su &#8211; \u7528\u6237\u540d # \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237&#xff08;\u4e0d\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8868\u793a\u5207\u6362root&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>sudo \u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4# \u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>sudo su# \u4ece\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u7528\u6237\u3002\u8f93\u5165 exit \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<h6>2.&#xff09;usermod\u53c2\u6570\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>usermod\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-c, &#8211;comment COMMENT<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-d, &#8211;home HOME_DIR<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-e, &#8211;expiredate EXPIRE_DATE<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-g, &#8211;gid GROUP<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-G, &#8211;groups GROUPS<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-l, &#8211;login NEW_LOGIN<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-L, &#8211;lock<\/td>\n<td>\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-m, &#8211;move-home<\/td>\n<td>\u79fb\u52a8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-p, &#8211;password PASSWORD<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-s, &#8211;shell SHELL<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-u, &#8211;uid UID<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684UID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-U, &#8211;unlock<\/td>\n<td>\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6>3.&#xff09;\/etc\/passwd \u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235758-698a748695405.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>man : x : 6 : 12 : man : \/var\/cache\/man : \/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/p>\n<p>man &#xff1a; \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<p>x &#xff1a;\u5bc6\u7801&#xff08;\u6b64\u5904\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u9690\u53bb&#xff0c;x\u8d77\u5230\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\u7684\u4f5c\u7528&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>6 &#xff1a; \u7528\u6237 man \u7684id&#xff08;\u5373UID&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>12 &#xff1a; \u7528\u6237man \u6240\u5728\u7ec4\u7684id&#xff08;\u5373GID&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>man &#xff1a; \u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u540d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/cache\/man &#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\/usr\/sbin\/nologin &#xff1a; \u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<h6>4.&#xff09;\/etc\/shadow \u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235758-698a7486b6f03.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>kali : <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        y<\/p>\n<p>       y<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.625em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>j9T<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        6<\/p>\n<p>        B<\/p>\n<p>        v<\/p>\n<p>        E<\/p>\n<p>        U<\/p>\n<p>        3<\/p>\n<p>        K<\/p>\n<p>        Y<\/p>\n<p>        h<\/p>\n<p>        z<\/p>\n<p>        i<\/p>\n<p>        E<\/p>\n<p>        t<\/p>\n<p>        b<\/p>\n<p>        Y<\/p>\n<p>        N<\/p>\n<p>        y<\/p>\n<p>        m<\/p>\n<p>        8<\/p>\n<p>        N<\/p>\n<p>        R<\/p>\n<p>        0<\/p>\n<p>       6BvEU3KYhziEtbYNym8NR0<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8889em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">6<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">U<\/span><span class=\"mord\">3<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Yh<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.044em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">z<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Et<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">bY<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">y<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord\">8<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0077em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">NR<\/span><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>hEFufKIQO6HAC8VkXrqZGBRfypD0aH1k4c7CL0u.lK9 : 20193 : 0 : 99999 : 7 :::<\/p>\n<p>kali &#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        y<\/p>\n<p>       y<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.625em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>j9T<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        6<\/p>\n<p>        B<\/p>\n<p>        v<\/p>\n<p>        E<\/p>\n<p>        U<\/p>\n<p>        3<\/p>\n<p>        K<\/p>\n<p>        Y<\/p>\n<p>        h<\/p>\n<p>        z<\/p>\n<p>        i<\/p>\n<p>        E<\/p>\n<p>        t<\/p>\n<p>        b<\/p>\n<p>        Y<\/p>\n<p>        N<\/p>\n<p>        y<\/p>\n<p>        m<\/p>\n<p>        8<\/p>\n<p>        N<\/p>\n<p>        R<\/p>\n<p>        0<\/p>\n<p>       6BvEU3KYhziEtbYNym8NR0<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8889em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">6<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">U<\/span><span class=\"mord\">3<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Yh<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.044em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">z<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Et<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">bY<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">y<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord\">8<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0077em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">NR<\/span><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>hEFufKIQO6HAC8VkXrqZGBRfypD0aH1k4c7CL0u.lK9 : 20193 &#xff1a; Yescrypt \u54c8\u5e0c \u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>Yescrypt \u54c8\u5e0c \u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;&#xff08;\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7834\u89e3&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        y<\/p>\n<p>       y<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.625em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u53c2\u6570]<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        [<\/p>\n<p>        \u76d0<\/p>\n<p>        ]<\/p>\n<p>       [\u76d0]<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">[<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u76d0<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u200c**<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>         y<\/p>\n<p>        y<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.625em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\" class=\"mord mathnormal\">y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>**\u200c&#xff1a;\u56fa\u5b9a\u524d\u7f00&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 Yescrypt \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u200cj9T\u200c&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206&#xff08;\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u7248\u672c\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u200c6BvEU3KYhziEtbYNym8NR0\u200c&#xff1a;\u76d0\u503c&#xff08;Base64 \u7f16\u7801&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u200chEFufKIQO6HAC8VkXrqZGBRfypD0aH1k4c7CL0u.lK9\u200c&#xff1a;\u6700\u7ec8\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c&#xff08;Base64 \u7f16\u7801&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>20193 : \u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u4ee5\u5929\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>0 &#xff1a;\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u77ed\u6709\u6548\u671f&#xff0c;0\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n<li>99999 &#xff1a;\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u957f\u6709\u6548\u671f&#xff0c;99999\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n<li>7 &#xff1a;\u5bc6\u7801\u5230\u671f\u524d7\u5929&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u53d1\u8b66\u544a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h5>\n<p>1.&#xff09;\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>groups# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>groupadd \u7ec4\u540d# \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>groupdel \u7ec4\u540d # \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff08;\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u7ec4\u5185\u53ea\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u7528\u6237&#xff09;<br \/>\ngroupdel -f \u7ec4\u540d   # \u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>delgroup \u7528\u6237\u540d# \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u548c\u7528\u6237&#xff08;\u614e\u7528&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>groupmod \u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879 \u7ec4\u540d# \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>cat \/etc\/group#\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<h6>2.&#xff09;groupmod \u53c2\u6570\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>groupmod\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-g, &#8211;gid GID<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684\u65b0\u7684GID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-n, &#8211;new-name \u65b0\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-o, &#8211;non-unique<\/td>\n<td>\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684GID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-p, &#8211;password \u5bc6\u7801<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-R, &#8211;root \u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6>3.&#xff09;\/etc\/group \u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u8be6\u89e3<\/h6>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235758-698a7486df7a8.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>audio : x : 29 : pulse,kali<\/p>\n<p>audio &#xff1a; \u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n<p>x &#xff1a;\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801&#xff08;\u6b64\u5904\u9690\u53bb&#xff0c;x\u4e3a\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>29 &#xff1a;\u7ec4id(GID)<\/p>\n<p>pulse,kali &#xff1a; \u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u5458 pulse,kali<\/p>\n<h5>3.\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h5>\n<h6>1.&#xff09;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6240\u6709\u8005chown(change owner)<\/h6>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;chown \u7528\u6237&#xff1a;\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u6743\u9650\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u6539&#xff0c;\u4e14 \u5192\u53f7&#xff08;&#xff1a;&#xff09;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565<\/p>\n<p>chown root:kali test# \u5c06 test \u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 \u5f52\u5c5e\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a root\u7528\u6237\u3001kali\u7ec4 \u5192\u53f7 &#xff1a; \u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565<\/p>\n<p>chown root: test# \u5c06 test \u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 \u5f52\u5c5e\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a root\u7528\u6237\u3001root\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>chown :kali test# \u5c06 test \u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 \u5f52\u5c5e\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237 kali\u7ec4  \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5728kali\u7ec4\u5185\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519<\/p>\n<h6>2.&#xff09;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6743\u9650chmod&#xff08;change mode&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<h6>a.\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h6>\n<p>chmod [\u9009\u9879] \u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n<p>chmod [\u9009\u9879] \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<h6>b.\u5e38\u7528 \u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>-c&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u5219\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-f&#xff1a;\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-v&#xff1a;\u8be6\u7ec6\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-R&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002(\u614e\u7528)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>c.\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f \u548c \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>d.\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235759-698a7487043b1.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7ec4\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\u52307\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u6743\u9650&#xff08;r&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>2&#xff1a;\u5199\u6743\u9650&#xff08;w&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>1&#xff1a;\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff08;x&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>0&#xff1a;\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>chmod 777 example.txt # \u6587\u4ef6 example.txt \u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c<br \/>\nchmod 751 example.txt# \u6587\u4ef6 example.txt \u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<h6>e.\u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650&#xff08;u\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;g\u8868\u793a\u7ec4&#xff0c;o\u8868\u793a\u5176\u4ed6&#xff0c;a\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u53f7&#xff08;&#043;&#xff09;\u3001\u51cf\u53f7&#xff08;-&#xff09;\u548c\u7b49\u53f7&#xff08;&#061;&#xff09;\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u6743\u9650\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u9017\u53f7&#xff08;,&#xff09;\u9694\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>u&#043;r&#xff1a;\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li>g-w&#xff1a;\u79fb\u9664\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li>a&#061;rx&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>chmod u&#043;w example.txt # \u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod g-x,o&#043;wr example.txt# \u79fb\u9664\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650,\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>chmod -R 777 directory_name\/ # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u53ef\u5199\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c(\u614e\u7528)<br \/>\nchmod -R a&#043;rwx directory_name\/ # \u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<h6>f.\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 chmod 777 \u4f1a\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 chmod -R \u65f6\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u610f\u5916\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 chmod -R 77 7\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e94.\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>1.\u7f51\u7edc\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<h5>1.)\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>ifconfig&#xff1a;\u83b7\u53d6\u672c\u673a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>ip addr show &#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.)\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a<\/h5>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;ping IP\u5730\u5740\/\u57df\u540d<\/p>\n<p>ping  192.168.70.1# \u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9IP\u5730\u5740 192.168.70.1 \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\nping -c 4 192.168.70.1# \u53d1\u90014\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305&#xff0c;\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9IP\u5730\u5740 192.168.70.1 \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\nping -c 4 192.168.70.1\/24# \u68c0\u67e5IP\u5730\u5740 192.168.70.1 \u6240\u5728\u7f51\u6bb5\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u4e2a\u7f51\u5740\u53d1\u90014\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305<\/p>\n<p>ping baidu.com# \u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e baidu.com&#xff08;\u57df\u540d&#xff09; \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<h5>3.&#xff09;\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;TTL \u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235759-698a74873adaa.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>a.TTL \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h6>\n<p>\u9632\u5faa\u73af\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TTL \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u5668&#xff08;\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7531\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff08;\u4e00\u8df3&#xff09;&#xff0c;TTL \u503c \u51cf 1\u3002\u5f53 TTL \u964d\u4e3a 0 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de ICMP \u8d85\u65f6\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u9650\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u521d\u59cb TTL \u503c&#xff0c;\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570&#xff08;\u5982\u521d\u59cb TTL&#061;64&#xff0c;\u6700\u591a\u7ecf\u8fc7 64 \u8df3&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>b.\u5982\u4f55\u4ece ping \u7ed3\u679c\u89e3\u8bfb TTL<\/h6>\n<p>\u56de\u590d\u7684 TTL \u503c &#061; \u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u521d\u59cb TTL \u503c &#8211; \u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8df3\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a; \u82e5\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u521d\u59cb TTL&#061;64&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u8fc7 10 \u8df3\u540e&#xff0c;\u56de\u590d\u7684 TTL \u503c\u4e3a 64 &#8211; 10 &#061; 54\u3002 \u82e5\u56de\u590d\u7684 TTL&#061;128&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76f4\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc&#xff08;\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb TTL&#061;128&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>c.\u901a\u8fc7 TTL \u63a8\u6d4b\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u8bbe\u5907 \u7684 \u521d\u59cb TTL \u503c &#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u521d\u59cb TTL \u503c\u5e38\u89c1\u8bbe\u5907\/\u7cfb\u7edf<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>Linux\u3001Unix\u3001Android\u3001MacOS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>128<\/td>\n<td>windows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>255<\/td>\n<td>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u65e7\u7248 FreeBSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>ping \u7ed3\u679c TTL&#061;56 \u2192 \u521d\u59cb TTL \u53ef\u80fd\u662f 64&#xff0c;\u8df3\u6570&#xff1a;64 &#8211; 56 &#061; 8\u3002 \u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u65b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f linux \u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u8df3\u8f6c\u4e868\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TTL&#061;113 \u2192 \u521d\u59cb TTL \u53ef\u80fd\u662f 128&#xff0c;\u8df3\u6570&#xff1a;128 &#8211; 113 &#061; 15\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u65b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f windows \u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u8df3\u8f6c\u4e8615\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>d.\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521d\u59cb TTL \u53ef\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c&#xff08;\u5982 Windows \u6ce8\u518c\u8868\u3001Linux \u7684 sysctl&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u63a8\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8def\u5f84\u52a8\u6001\u6027&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684 TTL \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u8def\u7531\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bbe\u5907\u5e72\u6270&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<li>\u9632\u706b\u5899\/NAT \u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u6539 TTL \u503c&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bef\u5224\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<h5>1.&#xff09;\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6307\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u548c\u5185\u5b58&#xff09;\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff08;PID&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.&#xff09;\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>netstat&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>ps&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>ps -aux&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p>kill &#xff08;PID&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u7ec8\u6b62\u6307\u5b9apdi\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>kill -9 &#xff08;pid&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<h4>3.kali\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668apt<\/h4>\n<h5>1.&#xff09;apt\u548capt-get\u533a\u522b<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>apt\u547d\u4ee4\u662fapt-get\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>apt\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06apt-get\u3001apt-cache\u548capt-config\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77&#xff0c;\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u8f83\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5f97\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>apt\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u4e0eapt-get\u547d\u4ee4\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>apt\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u52a0\u53cb\u597d&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u800capt-get\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u504f\u201c\u540e\u7aef\u201d&#xff0c;\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5bf9Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.&#xff09;\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>vim \/etc\/apt\/sources.list # \u4f7f\u7528vim\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u955c\u50cf\u6e90<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt update# \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355\u547d\u4ee4<br \/>\nsudo apt upgrade# \u5347\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305&#xff0c;\u6279\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<br \/>\nsudo apt clean# \u6e05\u7406\u672c\u5730\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u65e7\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt autoremove# \u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt install &lt;package_name&gt; # \u5b89\u88c5&lt;package_name&gt;\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt remove &lt;package_name&gt; # \u5220\u9664&lt;package_name&gt; \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n<p>apt list &#8211;installed # \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305<\/p>\n<p>apt list &#8211;all-versions # \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p>apt list &#8211;installed | grep nmap# \u68c0\u67e5 nmap \u5305\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<h4>4.linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/h4>\n<h5>1.&#xff09;\u6982\u8ff0&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8fdb\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5185\u7f51\u7684\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u524dLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd&#xff1a;\u5206\u522b\u662fiptables\u548cfirewalld<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.&#xff09;iptables-\u9759\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/h5>\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fiptables\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff0c;\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728 \/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables \u4e2d,\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iptables\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>iptables\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u62d2\u7edd\u53bb\u505a\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n<li>iptables\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5168\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u8fde\u63a5&#xff08;\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>a.\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/h6>\n<p>sudo systemctl status iptables # \u67e5\u770biptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u72b6\u6001&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h5>3.&#xff09;firewalld-\u52a8\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/h5>\n<p>\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684iptables\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff0c;\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728 \/usr\/lib\/firewalld\u548c\/etc\/fiewalld \u4e2d,\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>firewalld\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>firewalld\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u53bb\u653e\u884c<\/li>\n<li>firewalld\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u6539\u5355\u6761\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u800c\u4e0d\u7834\u73af\u73b0\u6709\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548c\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>a.\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/h6>\n<p>sudo systemctl status firewalld # \u67e5\u770bfirewalld\u9632\u706b\u5899\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>sudo yum install firewalld # \u57fa\u4e8eRPM\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5firewalld<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt install firewalld # \u57fa\u4e8eDebian\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf(\u5982Ubuntu\u3001kali)&#xff0c;\u5b89\u88c5 firewalld \u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9884\u88c5firewalld<\/p>\n<p>sudo systemctl start firewalld # \u542f\u52a8 firewalld \u670d\u52a1<br \/>\nsudo systemctl stop firewalld # \u5173\u95ed firewalld \u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>sudo systemctl enable firewalld # \u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u52a8<br \/>\nsudo systemctl disable firewalld # \u7981\u6b62 \u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n<h4>5.shell\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n<h5>1.\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>shell \u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d&#xff1a;&#xff08;\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u4f53\u7684&#xff09;\u5916\u58f3, \u58f3\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d&#xff0c;shell \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u70b9\u51fb\u56fe\u6807\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u5c42\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u201d\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53eb\u505a Shell\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.shell\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b<\/h5>\n<p>Linux \u7684 Shell \u79cd\u7c7b\u4f17\u591a&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bourne Shell&#xff08;\/usr\/bin\/sh\u6216\/bin\/sh&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Bourne Again Shell&#xff08;\/bin\/bash&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>C Shell&#xff08;\/usr\/bin\/csh&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>K Shell&#xff08;\/usr\/bin\/ksh&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Shell for Root&#xff08;\/sbin\/sh&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8ebash\u6613\u7528\u4e0e\u514d\u8d39&#xff0c;\u5176\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4Shell\u3002(Kali\u76ee\u524d\u4e3azsh&#xff0c;\u517c\u5bb9bash)<\/p>\n<h5>3.\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7c7b\u578b<\/h5>\n<p>\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u662f shell\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 Shell \u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ecbash\u3001zsh\u3001csh\u7b49&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d bash \u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684Shell\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Kali\u76ee\u524d\u4e3azsh&#xff0c;\u517c\u5bb9bash\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>4.\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n<p>Shell \u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5b83\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u6216\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u5165&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>Shell \u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1&#xff0c;Shell \u662f\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fbe\u5230\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5185\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u201c\u58f3\u201d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5c42\u201c\u58f3\u201d\u65e2\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>5.kali\u7684shell&#xff08;zshShell&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<h6>1.)\u754c\u9762\u8bf4\u660e<\/h6>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235759-698a748757d7f.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>a.\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237&#xff08;root&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u989c\u8272\u4e3a \u7ea2\u8272 \u4ee3\u8868 \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237<\/p>\n<p>root&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<p>kali&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/p>\n<p>  #&#xff1a; \u4ee3\u8868root\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<dd>\n  &#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868 \/root &#xff08;\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\n <\/dd>\n<h6>b.\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237&#xff08;kali&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u989c\u8272\u4e3a **\u84dd\u8272** \u4ee3\u8868 \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2akali&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2akali&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/p>\n<p>  $ : \u4ee3\u8868\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<dd>\n  &#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868 \/home\/kali&#xff08;\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\n <\/dd>\n<h6>2.)\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0&#043;[\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570]&#043;[\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u8c61]<\/p>\n<h6>3.)\u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f<\/h6>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd51&#xff1a;man &lt;\u547d\u4ee4&gt;<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd52&#xff1a;&lt;\u547d\u4ee4&gt; &#8211;help<\/p>\n<h3>\u516d.\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528 Xshell \u8fde\u63a5 kali-linux(\u5185\u7f51\u8fde\u63a5)<\/h3>\n<h4>1.\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 Xshell \u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7root \u8d26\u6237\u767b\u5f55 kali-linux <\/p>\n<h4>2.\u601d\u8def&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<p>Xshell\u914d\u7f6e &#061;&#061;&gt;  kali-linux\u5f00\u542fssh\u670d\u52a1 &#061;&#061;&gt; kali-linux\u5f00\u542froot\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\u6743\u9650 &#061;&#061;&gt; \u8fde\u63a5 kali-linux<\/p>\n<h4>3.\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<h5>1.&#xff09;Xshell\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n<h6>a.\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/h6>\n<p>\u6253\u5f00Xshell \u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u70b9\u65b0\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235759-698a74876c54b.jpg\" alt=\"\u5916\u94fe\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u5b58\u5931\u8d25,\u6e90\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9632\u76d7\u94fe\u673a\u5236,\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u4f20\" \/><br \/>\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235759-698a7487b24bc.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>b.\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fdb\u5165\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6846&#xff0c;\u540d\u79f0\u968f\u4fbf\u5199&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u8f93\u5165 kali-linux\u7684ip\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u7aef\u53e3\u9ed8\u8ba422&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u66f4\u6539&#xff0c;\u5728kali-linux\u7684ssh\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8981\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235759-698a7487cbf8e.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>c.\u914d\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/h6>\n<p>\u8f93\u5165 kali-linux \u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235800-698a748825e33.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>2.&#xff09;kali-linux\u5f00\u542fssh\u670d\u52a1<\/h5>\n<h6>a.\u67e5\u770bssh\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<\/h6>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u672a\u5f00\u542f<\/p>\n<p>service ssh status<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235800-698a74885b6bc.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>b.\u5f00\u542fssh\u670d\u52a1<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u542f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>service ssh start<br \/>\nservice ssh status<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260209235800-698a748880b37.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>3.&#xff09;\u5f00\u542froot\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\u6743\u9650<\/h5>\n<h6>a.\u4f7f\u7528vim\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h6>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528 root \u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5219\u6b64\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565<\/p>\n<p>vim \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/p>\n<h6>b.\u662f\/\u5426\u5141\u8bb8root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55 PermitRootLogin<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e95\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165 ?RootLogin \u6216 &#xff1a;33 \u641c\u7d22\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 # PermitRootLogin prohibit-password \u6539\u4e3a PermitRootLogin yes<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"2026-02-104frbsp1dgkn.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>c.\u6253\u5f00\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e95\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165 ?PasswordAuthentication \u6216 &#xff1a;57 \u641c\u7d22\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 #PasswordAuthentication yes \u53bb\u6389\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff08;\u542f\u7528\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"2026-02-10a02kli45oej.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>d.\u4fee\u6539\u7aef\u53e3(\u53ef\u9009\u9879)<\/h6>\n<p>\u7aef\u53e3\u4fee\u6539\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a22\u3002\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u5bf9\u7aef\u53e3\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"2026-02-10zolbzrnjwfl.png\" alt=\"\u5916\u94fe\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u5b58\u5931\u8d25,\u6e90\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9632\u76d7\u94fe\u673a\u5236,\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u4f20\" \/><br \/>\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"2026-02-10nzue2hevafc.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5237\u65b0ssh\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>service ssh restart<\/p>\n<h5>4.&#xff09;\u8fde\u63a5 kali-linux<\/h5>\n<p>\u5207\u6362\u5230Xshell\u9875\u9762&#xff0c;\u70b9\u51fb\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u753b\u9762<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"2026-02-10equwu5sxmmb.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e03.\u8fde\u63a5 ubuntu \u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e kali-linux \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6b65\u9aa4\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1.\u67e5\u770b ubuntu \u7cfb\u7edfip<\/p>\n<p>ip a    # \u67e5\u770b\u672c\u673aip<\/p>\n<p>2.\u5b89\u88c5ssh\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>kali-linux\u81ea\u5e26ssh\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;ubuntu \u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u53e6\u5916\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt install openssh-server<\/p>\n<p>3.\u542f\u7528ssh\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>systemctl start ssh# \u542f\u52a8ssh\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\nsystemctl restart ssh# \u91cd\u542fssh\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3 kali linux \u7684 \u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u4fe1\u606f \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e00.Linux \u6982\u8ff0<br \/>\nLinux&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u6307GNU\/Linux&#xff08;\u5355\u72ec\u7684Linux\u5185\u6838\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u642d\u914dGNU\u5957\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6545\u5f97\u6b64\u79f0\u547c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7c7bUNIX\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5176\u5185\u6838\u7531\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u672c\u7eb3\u7b2c\u514b\u7279\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179&#xff08;Linus Benedict <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":74572,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,275,371,61,43,122],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-74592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-web","tag-371","tag-61","tag-43","tag-122"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - 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