{"id":74477,"date":"2026-02-09T21:16:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T13:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74477.html"},"modified":"2026-02-09T21:16:57","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T13:16:57","slug":"bash%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e7%ac%ac3%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9abasic-shell-features%ef%bc%8c%e7%ac%ac7%e8%8a%82%ef%bc%9aexecuting-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74477.html","title":{"rendered":"Bash\u5b66\u4e60 - \u7b2c3\u7ae0\uff1aBasic Shell Features\uff0c\u7b2c7\u8282\uff1aExecuting Commands"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a Bash Reference Manual \u7b2c3\u7ae0&#xff1a;Basic Shell Features \u7b2c7\u8282&#xff1a;Executing Commands \u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53 shell \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5355\u8bcd&#xff08;\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd&#xff09;\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee5\u4f9b\u7a0d\u540e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 Shell \u6269\u5c55&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c55\u5f00\u540e\u4ecd\u6709\u5355\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u5176\u4f59\u5355\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6309\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63cf\u8ff0\u6267\u884c&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4e2d\u2018&#061;\u2019\u540e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u53bb\u9664&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u624d\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d\u7684 shell \u73af\u5883\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff08;\u5373\u4ec5\u7531\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u5728\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219&#xff0c;\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d\u7684 shell \u73af\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u8d4b\u503c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5411\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c&#xff0c;\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u5219\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d\u7684 shell \u73af\u5883\u3002\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u5c06\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ee5\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">a<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">a<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;echo $a\u5148\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14a&#061;2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524dshell\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b2&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">a<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3&#xff0c;a&#061;2\u5148\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5e76\u4e14a&#061;2\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524dshell\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.7.2 Command Search and Execution<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u5355\u8bcd\u540e&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;shell \u5c06\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u659c\u6760&#xff0c;shell \u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5219\u6309\u201cShell \u51fd\u6570\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;shell \u4f1a\u5728 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u9879&#xff0c;\u5219\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u540d\u79f0\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f shell \u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u659c\u6760&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u5728 $PATH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002Bash \u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u8bb0\u4f4f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u540d&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u591a\u6b21\u641c\u7d22 $PATH&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 Bourne Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e hash \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff09;\u3002Bash \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u672a\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9 $PATH \u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u4e0d\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a command_not_found_handle \u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u5176\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u5b50 Shell \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff0c;Shell \u5219\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 127\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u659c\u6760&#xff0c;shell \u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6240\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53c2\u6570 0 \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u7ed9\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u6709&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5219\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u5373\u5305\u542b shell \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;shell \u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u201cShell \u811a\u672c\u201d\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8&#xff0c;shell \u5c06\u7b49\u5f85\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u6536\u96c6\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\/home\/vagrant<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> pdw<span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n-bash: pdw: <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">command<\/span> not found<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">127<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span> is a shell <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">builtin<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">find<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> is \/usr\/bin\/find<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">env<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">env<\/span> is hashed <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\/usr\/bin\/env<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">time<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<p>real    0m5.011s<br \/>\nuser    0m0.002s<br \/>\nsys     0m0.000s<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token environment constant\">$PATH<\/span><br \/>\n\/home\/vagrant\/.local\/bin:\/home\/vagrant\/bin:\/usr\/share\/Modules\/bin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/bin:\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/sbin<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> a.sh<br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/which: no a.sh <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\/home\/vagrant\/.local\/bin:\/home\/vagrant\/bin:\/usr\/share\/Modules\/bin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/bin:\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/sbin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n$ a.sh<br \/>\n-bash: a.sh: <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">command<\/span> not found<\/p>\n<h3>3.7.3 Command Execution Environment<\/h3>\n<p>shell \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7531 shell \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531 exec \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6240\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7531 cd\u3001pushd \u6216 popd \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u7531 shell \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 umask \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801&#xff0c;\u6216\u4ece shell \u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7531 trap \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684 shell \u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 set \u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4ece shell \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4ece shell \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u542f\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 set \u542f\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 shopt \u542f\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 The Shopt Builtin&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 alias \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 shell \u522b\u540d&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 Aliases&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u79cd\u8fdb\u7a0b ID&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u540e\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684 ID&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 Lists of Commands&#xff09;\u3001$$ \u7684\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca $PPID \u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.4.2 Special Parameters\u4e2d\u6709\u5bf9$$\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>($$) Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it expands to the process ID of the invoking shell, not the subshell.<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$$<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$BASHPID<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">14556<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">14556<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$$<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$BASHPID<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">14556<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">14821<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u975e\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u6216 shell \u51fd\u6570&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u6709\u8bf4\u660e&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u662f\u4ece shell \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>shell \u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u65b0\u589e\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684 shell \u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u4f20\u9012&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1\u73af\u5883&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>shell \u6355\u83b7\u7684\u9677\u9631\u4f1a\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4ece\u5176\u7236 shell \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u800c\u88ab shell \u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u9677\u9631\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd shell \u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50 shell \u662f shell \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u7528\u62ec\u53f7\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f02\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u662f shell \u73af\u5883\u7684\u526f\u672c&#xff0c;\u4f46 shell \u6355\u83b7\u7684\u9677\u9631\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a shell \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4ece\u5176\u7236\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u9053\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u9664\u5916&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e lastpipe shell \u9009\u9879\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u53c2\u89c1 The Shopt Builtin&#xff09;\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u6240\u505a\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd shell \u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 shell \u5904\u4e8e POSIX \u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u800c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50 shell \u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7236 shell \u7684 -e \u9009\u9879\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u4e0d\u5904\u4e8e POSIX \u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50 shell \u4e2d\u6e05\u9664 -e \u9009\u9879\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u975e POSIX \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u63a7\u5236\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 inherit_errexit shell \u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e&#xff08;\u89c1 Bash \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u8ddf \u2018&amp;\u2019 \u4e14\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b&#xff0c;\u5219\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6 \/dev\/null\u3002\u5426\u5219&#xff0c;\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u8c03\u7528 shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.7.4 Environment<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u540d\u79f0-\u503c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a name&#061;value\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Bash \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;shell \u4f1a\u626b\u63cf\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e3a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u5bfc\u51fa&#xff08;export&#xff09;\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u73af\u5883\u3002export\u3001\u2018declare -x\u2019 \u548c unset \u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u66ff\u6362\u6389\u65e7\u503c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7531 shell \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u73af\u5883\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u5176\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 shell \u4e2d\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u51cf\u53bb\u88ab unset \u548c \u2018export -n\u2019 \u547d\u4ee4\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u952e\u503c\u5bf9&#xff0c;\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7 export \u548c \u2018declare -x\u2019 \u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u53ea\u6709export\u3001\u2018declare -x\u2019 \u548c unset \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">123<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">env<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR1<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">set<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR1<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">123<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span> VAR2<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">env<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">set<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">123<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">_<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>VAR2<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR2<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">456<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">env<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR2<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">456<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">set<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">123<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR2<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">456<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">_<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>VAR2<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">456<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">unset<\/span> VAR2<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">env<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">set<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">123<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">_<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>VAR2<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; set \u548c env \u547d\u4ee4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f&#xff0c;set\u8f93\u51fashell\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;env\u8f93\u51fa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002shell\u53d8\u91cf\u542b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5&#xff08;\u5982 Shell \u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u5c06\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9 shell \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5bfc\u51fa\u7ed9\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 -k \u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 The Set Builtin&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5219\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u653e\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 Bash \u8c03\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53d8\u91cf $_ \u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u540d&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span> -p<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;unix:path&#061;\/run\/user\/1000\/bus&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">DEBUGINFOD_IMA_CERT_PATH<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/etc\/keys\/ima:&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">HISTCONTROL<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ignoredups&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">HISTSIZE<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;1000&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">HOME<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/home\/vagrant&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">HOSTNAME<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ol9-vagrant&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">LANG<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;en_US.utf-8&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">LESSOPEN<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;||\/usr\/bin\/lesspipe.sh %s&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">LOADEDMODULES<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">LOGNAME<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;vagrant&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">123<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;123&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">456<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;123&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;456&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">unset<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">declare<\/span> -x <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">VAR1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;456&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span> -n VAR1<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> VAR<br \/>\n$<\/p>\n<h3>3.7.5 Exit Status<\/h3>\n<p>\u5df2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u7531 waitpid \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u7b49\u6548\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u3002\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5728 0 \u5230 255 \u4e4b\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u8ff0&#xff0c;shell \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5927\u4e8e 125 \u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6765\u81ea shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u590d\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u9650\u5236\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;shell \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u503c\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e shell \u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u96f6\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\u3002\u975e\u96f6\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5219\u8868\u793a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u4f3c\u8fdd\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u91c7\u7528&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7531\u4e8e\u81f4\u547d\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u5176\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a N \u65f6&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 128 &#043; N \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5219\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a 127\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a 126\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u5219\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u88ab Bash \u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1Conditional Constructs&#xff09;\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5217\u8868\u6784\u9020&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1Lists of Commands&#xff09;\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709 Bash \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u5217\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 2&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u9009\u9879\u6216\u7f3a\u5c11\u53c2\u6570\u5bfc\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570 $? \u83b7\u53d6&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 Special Parameters&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Bash \u672c\u8eab\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u53d1\u751f\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1 exit \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><br \/>\n\/home\/vagrant<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><br \/>\n$ ppwd<br \/>\n-bash: ppwd: <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">command<\/span> not found<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">127<\/span><br \/>\n$ .\/a.sh<br \/>\n-bash: .\/a.sh: Permission denied<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">126<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> *.sh<br \/>\na.sh<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> -f a.sh <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> -c a.sh<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">8<\/span> a.sh<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> -f b.sh <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> -c a.sh<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> *.sh<br \/>\na.sh<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> -f b.sh <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> b.sh<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l *.sh<br \/>\n-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;. <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> vagrant vagrant <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span> Jan  <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span> 07:25 a.sh<br \/>\n-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;. <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> vagrant vagrant <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> Jan  <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span> 07:58 b.sh<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> -f a.sh <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> a.sh<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l *.sh<br \/>\n-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;. <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> vagrant vagrant <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span> Jan  <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span> 07:25 a.sh<br \/>\n-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;. <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> vagrant vagrant <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> Jan  <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span> 07:58 b.sh<\/p>\n<h3>3.7.6 Signals<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53 Bash \u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u4f55\u9677\u9631&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565 SIGTERM&#xff08;\u8fd9\u6837 \u2018kill 0\u2019 \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406 SIGINT&#xff08;\u8fd9\u6837 wait \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad&#xff09;\u3002\u5f53 Bash \u6536\u5230 SIGINT \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u8df3\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;Bash \u90fd\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565 SIGQUIT\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u6548&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236&#xff09;&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565 SIGTTIN\u3001SIGTTOU \u548c SIGTSTP\u3002<\/p>\n<p>trap \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539 shell \u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Bash \u6267\u884c\u7684\u975e\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5176\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4ece\u5176\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u4f7f\u7528 trap \u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5ffd\u7565&#xff0c;\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u672a\u751f\u6548\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5f02\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5916&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565 SIGINT \u548c SIGQUIT\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u800c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u952e\u76d8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7 SIGTTIN\u3001SIGTTOU \u548c SIGTSTP\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;shell \u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230 SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u4f1a\u5c06 SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u4e1a&#xff0c;\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u3002shell \u4f1a\u5411\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u9001 SIGCONT \u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u63a5\u6536\u5230 SIGHUP&#xff08;\u6709\u5173\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u548c\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236&#xff09;\u3002\u8981\u9632\u6b62 shell \u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u9001 SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 disown \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 disown -h \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4e0d\u63a5\u6536 SIGHUP\u3002<\/p>\n<p>disown \u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">15089<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> -ef<span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">15080<\/span><br \/>\nvagrant    <span class=\"token number\">15080<\/span>       <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> 08:25 pts\/0    00:00:00 <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">300<\/span><br \/>\nvagrant    <span class=\"token number\">15093<\/span>   <span class=\"token number\">14556<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> 08:29 pts\/0    00:00:00 <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> &#8211;color<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>auto <span class=\"token number\">15080<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> -p <span class=\"token number\">15089<\/span><br \/>\n    PID TTY          TIME CMD<br \/>\n  <span class=\"token number\">15089<\/span> pts\/0    00:00:00 <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">jobs<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>&#043;  Running                 <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><br \/>\n$ disown %%<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">jobs<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> -p <span class=\"token number\">15089<\/span><br \/>\n    PID TTY          TIME CMD<br \/>\n  <span class=\"token number\">15089<\/span> pts\/0    00:00:00 <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><\/p>\n<p>disown -h\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">## \u7b2c1\u8f6e<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">15295<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">kill<\/span> -HUP <span class=\"token variable\">$$<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u9000\u51fa\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4f46\u9000\u51fa\u524d\u5c06HUP\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4e86sleep\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u56e0\u6b64sleep\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u9000\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> -ef<span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> -v <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span><br \/>\n$<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">## \u7b2c2\u8f6e<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">15351<\/span><br \/>\n$ disown -h %%<br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">kill<\/span> -HUP <span class=\"token variable\">$$<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u9000\u51fa\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86disown&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64shell\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06HUP\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9sleep\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u6b64\u65f6\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec8\u7aef\u67e5\u770b&#xff0c;sleep\u547d\u4ee4\u4ecd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> -p <span class=\"token number\">15351<\/span><br \/>\n    PID TTY          TIME CMD<br \/>\n  <span class=\"token number\">15351<\/span> ?        00:00:00 <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">kill<\/span> -HUP <span class=\"token number\">15351<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> -p <span class=\"token number\">15351<\/span><br \/>\n    PID TTY          TIME CMD<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 shopt \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 huponexit shell \u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u53c2\u89c1 The Shopt Builtin&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u9001 SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c Bash \u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e trap \u7684\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c trap&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u624d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c Bash \u6b63\u5728\u901a\u8fc7 wait \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e trap \u7684\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;wait \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u4ee5\u5927\u4e8e 128 \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8fd4\u56de&#xff0c;\u968f\u540e shell \u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u6267\u884c trap\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u672a\u542f\u7528&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14 Bash \u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6&#xff0c;shell \u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7531\u952e\u76d8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 SIGINT&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u7531 ^C \u751f\u6210&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u6253\u7b97\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a shell \u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u800c ^C \u4f1a\u5411\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001 SIGINT\u3002\u7531\u4e8eBash\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e14 Bash \u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6&#xff0c;shell \u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u952e\u76d8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5728\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1&#xff0c;\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;Bash \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u672a\u542f\u7528&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14 Bash \u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u6536\u5230 SIGINT&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406 SIGINT&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u56e0 SIGINT \u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u6253\u7b97\u5c06 SIGINT \u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 shell&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4f1a\u5bf9 SIGINT \u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c SIGINT \u6355\u6349\u5668\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u5c42\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0 SIGINT \u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4e86 SIGINT&#xff0c;\u5e76\u672a\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u81f4\u547d\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;Bash \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06 SIGINT \u89c6\u4e3a\u81f4\u547d\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5047\u5b9a SIGINT \u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;emacs \u7528\u5b83\u6765\u4e2d\u6b62\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u6216\u88ab\u6545\u610f\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u7136\u800c&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728 SIGINT \u4e0a\u7684 trap&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6355\u6349\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5f53\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u65f6&#xff0c;Bash \u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u7531\u952e\u76d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 SIGINT\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u4e0d\u4f1a\u7406\u4f1a SIGINT&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ea\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c shell \u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u524d\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u56e0 SIGINT \u800c\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u5047\u88c5\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u6536\u5230\u4e86 SIGINT&#xff08;\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u573a\u666f 1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">## \u8f93\u51fa\u540c kill -l <\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">trap<\/span> -l<br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGHUP       <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGINT       <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGQUIT      <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGILL       <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGTRAP<br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGABRT      <span class=\"token number\">7<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGBUS       <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGFPE       <span class=\"token number\">9<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGKILL     <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGUSR1<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGSEGV     <span class=\"token number\">12<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGUSR2     <span class=\"token number\">13<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGPIPE     <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGALRM     <span class=\"token number\">15<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGTERM<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">16<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGSTKFLT   <span class=\"token number\">17<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGCHLD     <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGCONT     <span class=\"token number\">19<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGSTOP     <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGTSTP<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">21<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGTTIN     <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGTTOU     <span class=\"token number\">23<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGURG      <span class=\"token number\">24<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGXCPU     <span class=\"token number\">25<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGXFSZ<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">26<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGVTALRM   <span class=\"token number\">27<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGPROF     <span class=\"token number\">28<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGWINCH    <span class=\"token number\">29<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGIO       <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGPWR<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">31<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGSYS      <span class=\"token number\">34<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN    <span class=\"token number\">35<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;1  <span class=\"token number\">36<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;2  <span class=\"token number\">37<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;3<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">38<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;4  <span class=\"token number\">39<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;5  <span class=\"token number\">40<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;6  <span class=\"token number\">41<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;7  <span class=\"token number\">42<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;8<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">43<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;9  <span class=\"token number\">44<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;10 <span class=\"token number\">45<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;11 <span class=\"token number\">46<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;12 <span class=\"token number\">47<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;13<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">48<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;14 <span class=\"token number\">49<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMIN&#043;15 <span class=\"token number\">50<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-14 <span class=\"token number\">51<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-13 <span class=\"token number\">52<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-12<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">53<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-11 <span class=\"token number\">54<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-10 <span class=\"token number\">55<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-9  <span class=\"token number\">56<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-8  <span class=\"token number\">57<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-7<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">58<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-6  <span class=\"token number\">59<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-5  <span class=\"token number\">60<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-4  <span class=\"token number\">61<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-3  <span class=\"token number\">62<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-2<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">63<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX-1  <span class=\"token number\">64<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> SIGRTMAX<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684trap\u793a\u4f8b\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff0c;\u7a0d\u5fae\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4e0b\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token shebang important\">#!\/bin\/sh<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">trap<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;increment&#039;<\/span> SIGINT<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function-name function\">increment<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Caught SIGINT &#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">((<\/span>X<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">500<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">))<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">((<\/span>X<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2000<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">))<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Okay, I&#039;ll quit &#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">exit<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">do<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;X&#061;<span class=\"token variable\">$X<\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">done<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u63094\u6b21&lt;Ctrl&#043;C&gt;\u540e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ .\/a.sh<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><br \/>\n^CCaught SIGINT <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">500<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">500<\/span><br \/>\n^CCaught SIGINT <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span><br \/>\n^CCaught SIGINT <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1500<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1500<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1500<\/span><br \/>\n^CCaught SIGINT <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2000<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">X<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2000<\/span><br \/>\n^CCaught SIGINT <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<br \/>\nOkay, I&#039;ll quit <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ca1\u770b\u7684&#xff0c;\u5148\u7559\u5b58&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bash Guide for Beginners:Traps<\/li>\n<li>bash signals posts in Stack Exchange<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a Bash Reference Manual \u7b2c3\u7ae0&#xff1a;Basic Shell Features \u7b2c7\u8282&#xff1a;Executing Commands \u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002<br \/>\n3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion<br \/>\n\u5f53 shell \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5355\u8bcd&#xff08;\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd&#xff09;\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee5\u4f9b\u7a0d\u540e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[7878,7879,7875,7877,7876,352,1468],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-74477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-command","tag-environment","tag-programming","tag-signal","tag-trap","tag-bash","tag-shell"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bash\u5b66\u4e60 - \u7b2c3\u7ae0\uff1aBasic Shell Features\uff0c\u7b2c7\u8282\uff1aExecuting Commands - 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