{"id":74437,"date":"2026-02-09T20:33:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T12:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74437.html"},"modified":"2026-02-09T20:33:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T12:33:31","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e6%96%87%e8%af%bb%e6%87%82-sql%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%88%86%e7%b1%bb%e5%88%b0%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/74437.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 SQL\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u7c7b\u5230\u5b9e\u6218\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，SQL \u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e，\u8fd8\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u4eca\u5929，\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4ece SQL \u5206\u7c7b\u5165\u624b，\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b，\u628a\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u7f51\u6253\u5c3d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001SQL \u4e94\u5927\u5206\u7c7b：\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c<\/span><\/h3>\n
1. \u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00（DQL）<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528：\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e（\u4ec5\u8bfb\u53d6，\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e），\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 SQL \u7c7b\u522b\u3002
\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57：SELECT（\u6838\u5fc3）\u3001FROM\u3001WHERE\u3001GROUP BY\u3001HAVING\u3001ORDER BY\u3001LIMIT\u3001JOIN \u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：\u67e5\u8be2\u524d 10 \u540d\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e 20 \u7684\u7528\u6237\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u624b\u673a\u53f7，\u5e76\u6309\u5e74\u9f84\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217<\/span><\/p>\n

SELECT name, phone
\nFROM users
\nWHERE age > 20
\nORDER BY age DESC
\nLIMIT 10;<\/p>\n

2. \u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bed\u8a00（DML）<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528：\u64cd\u4f5c（\u589e\/\u5220\/\u6539）\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e（\u4ec5\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9，\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u8868\u7ed3\u6784）\u3002
\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57：INSERT（\u65b0\u589e）\u3001UPDATE（\u4fee\u6539）\u3001DELETE（\u5220\u9664）\u3001MERGE（\u5408\u5e76，\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u652f\u6301）\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u6761\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55：<\/span><\/p>\n

INSERT INTO users (name, age, phone) VALUES ('\u5f20\u4e09', 25, '13800138000');<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u624b\u673a\u53f7：<\/span><\/p>\n

UPDATE users SET phone = '13900139000' WHERE id = 1;<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5220\u9664\u5e74\u9f84\u5c0f\u4e8e 18 \u7684\u7528\u6237：<\/span><\/p>\n

DELETE FROM users WHERE age < 18;<\/p>\n

3. \u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00（DDL）<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528：\u5b9a\u4e49\/\u4fee\u6539\/\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61（\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49）\u7684\u7ed3\u6784，\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u6548（\u65e0\u9700\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4）\u3002
\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57：CREATE（\u521b\u5efa）\u3001ALTER（\u4fee\u6539）\u3001DROP（\u5220\u9664）\u3001TRUNCATE（\u6e05\u7a7a\u8868，\u5c5e\u4e8e DDL \u800c\u975e DML）\u3001RENAME（\u91cd\u547d\u540d）\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n

CREATE TABLE users (
\n\u00a0 id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
\n\u00a0 name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
\n\u00a0 age INT,
\n\u00a0 phone VARCHAR(20) UNIQUE
\n);<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8868\u65b0\u589e email \u5b57\u6bb5：<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN email VARCHAR(100);<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8868：<\/span><\/p>\n

DROP TABLE users;<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6e05\u7a7a\u7528\u6237\u8868（\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u6eda）：<\/span><\/p>\n

TRUNCATE TABLE users;<\/p>\n

4. \u6570\u636e\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u8a00（DCL）<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528：\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6743\u9650\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1，\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\/\u56de\u6eda\u7b49\u3002
\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57：GRANT（\u6388\u6743）\u3001REVOKE（\u64a4\u9500\u6743\u9650）\u3001COMMIT（\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1）\u3001ROLLBACK（\u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1）\u3001SAVEPOINT（\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9）\u3001SET TRANSACTION（\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c5e\u6027）\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237 test \u5bf9 users \u8868\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\/\u63d2\u5165\u6743\u9650：<\/span><\/p>\n

GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON users TO 'test'@'localhost';<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u64a4\u9500 test \u7528\u6237\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u6743\u9650：<\/span><\/p>\n

REVOKE INSERT ON users FROM 'test'@'localhost';<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1（\u786e\u8ba4 DML \u64cd\u4f5c）：<\/span><\/p>\n

COMMIT;<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1（\u64a4\u9500\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684 DML \u64cd\u4f5c）：<\/span><\/p>\n

ROLLBACK;<\/p>\n

5. \u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u8a00（TCL）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e：\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d，TCL \u4f1a\u4ece DCL \u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u6765，\u4e13\u95e8\u805a\u7126\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406（\u672c\u8d28\u662f DCL \u7684\u5b50\u96c6）\u3002
\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57：COMMIT\u3001ROLLBACK\u3001SAVEPOINT\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：
\n\u2022 \u5f00\u542f\u4e8b\u52a1（\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e）<\/span><\/p>\n

START TRANSACTION;
\nUPDATE users SET age = 26 WHERE id = 1;<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9<\/span><\/p>\n

SAVEPOINT sp1;
\nDELETE FROM users WHERE id = 2;<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u56de\u6eda\u5230\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9（\u4ec5\u64a4\u9500\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fdd\u7559）<\/span><\/p>\n

ROLLBACK TO sp1;<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u63d0\u4ea4\u6700\u7ec8\u4fee\u6539<\/span><\/p>\n

COMMIT;<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4fee\u6539\u5b9e\u6218：ALTER TABLE \u8be6\u89e3<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784，ALTER TABLE \u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u65b0\u589e\u5b57\u6bb5（ADD）<\/span><\/h5>\n

— \u589e\u52a0\u5b57\u6bb5<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students ADD COLUMN dateT date;<\/p>\n

— \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students ADD dateT date DEFAULT "2025-12-12";<\/p>\n

2. \u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5（MODIFY）<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：MODIFY \u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u300c\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u300d，\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u6ce8\u91ca，\u4e5f\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
\n— \u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students MODIFY dataT datetime;
\nALTER TABLE students MODIFY dateT date comment "\u65e5\u671f";<\/p>\n

— \u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students MODIFY stu_id int not null;<\/p>\n

— \u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students MODIFY stu_id int default null;<\/p>\n

3. \u5220\u9664\u5b57\u6bb5（DROP）<\/span><\/h5>\n

— \u5220\u9664\u5b57\u6bb5<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students DROP length;<\/p>\n

4. \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5b57\u6bb5（CHANGE）<\/span><\/h5>\n

— \u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students CHANGE stu_id sid varchar(255);<\/p>\n

5. \u4fee\u6539\u8868\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6<\/span><\/h5>\n

— \u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students CHARACTER SET utf8;<\/p>\n

6. \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8868（RENAME TO）<\/span><\/h5>\n

— \u4fee\u6539\u8868\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE students RENAME TO student;<\/p>\n

— \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n

RENAME TABLE students TO student;<\/p>\n

7. \u5220\u9664\u8868（DROP TABLE）<\/span><\/h5>\n

— \u5220\u9664\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students;<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u603b\u7ed3\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/td>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/td>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57 <\/span><\/td>\n\u5178\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DQL<\/span><\/td>\n\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/td>\nSELECT\u3001FROM\u3001WHERE <\/span><\/td>\n\u591a\u8868\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DML<\/span><\/td>\n\u589e\u5220\u6539\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/td>\nINSERT\u3001UPDATE\u3001DELETE <\/span><\/td>\n\u65b0\u589e\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u6539\u503c\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DDL<\/span><\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4e49\/\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/td>\nCREATE\u3001ALTER\u3001DROP<\/span><\/td>\n\u5efa\u8868\u3001\u5220\u7d22\u5f15\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DCL<\/span><\/td>\n\u6743\u9650\/\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236（\u5e7f\u4e49）<\/span><\/td>\nGRANT\u3001REVOKE\u3001COMMIT<\/span><\/td>\n\u6388\u6743\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TCL<\/span><\/td>\n\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236（\u72ed\u4e49）<\/span><\/td>\nCOMMIT\u3001ROLLBACK\u3001SAVEPOINT <\/span><\/td>\n\u56de\u6eda\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u638c\u63e1 SQL \u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c，\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784，\u8fd8\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1，\u90fd\u80fd\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59\u3002<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，SQL \u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e，\u8fd8\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u4eca\u5929，\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4ece SQL \u5206\u7c7b\u5165\u624b，\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b，\u628a\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u7f51\u6253\u5c3d\u3002\u4e00\u3001SQL \u4e94\u5927\u5206\u7c7b：\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c1. \u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00（DQL）\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528：\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e（\u4ec5\u8bfb\u53d6，\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e），\u662f\u6700<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[604,100],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-74437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-oracle","tag-100"],"yoast_head":"\n\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 SQL\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u7c7b\u5230\u5b9e\u6218\u64cd\u4f5c - 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