{"id":73797,"date":"2026-02-08T12:10:09","date_gmt":"2026-02-08T04:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/73797.html"},"modified":"2026-02-08T12:10:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T04:10:09","slug":"c_%e7%ab%9e%e6%80%81_%e5%ba%95%e5%b1%82%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/73797.html","title":{"rendered":"C++_\u7ade\u6001_\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u91ca"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f60\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f C++ \u4e2d\u7684\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6（Race Condition），\u5b83\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u4e5f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00，\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u89e3\u91ca<\/h2>\n

\u5148\u7528\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5e2e\u4f60\u7406\u89e3：\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u540c\u65f6\u53bb\u62a2\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u74f6\u53ef\u4e50，\u4f60\u4f38\u624b\u53bb\u62ff\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u4f38\u624b，\u6700\u7ec8\u8c01\u62ff\u5230\u3001\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u74f6\u5b50\u78b0\u5012，\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u7ade\u6001\u201d \u7684\u672c\u8d28：\u591a\u4e2a \u201c\u6267\u884c\u8005\u201d（\u7ebf\u7a0b）\u540c\u65f6\u4e89\u62a2\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a \u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d（\u53d8\u91cf \/ \u5185\u5b58 \/ \u8bbe\u5907\u7b49），\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728 C++ \u4e2d，\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7279\u6307：<\/p>\n

  • \u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 \/ \u53d8\u91cf（\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90）；<\/li>\n
  • \u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7ade\u6001）；<\/li>\n
  • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f（\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5148\u540e）\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fdd\u8bc1；\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u504f\u79bb\u9884\u671f，\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u53d1\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001C++ \u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

    \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7ade\u6001\u573a\u666f：\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u505a\u7d2f\u52a0，\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u662f 20000，\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837（\u6bd4\u5982 15678\u300118901 \u7b49）\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <iostream>
    \n#include <thread>
    \n#include <vector><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90：\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf
    \nint counter = 0;<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u7d2f\u52a0\u51fd\u6570（\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c10000\u6b21\u7d2f\u52a0）
    \nvoid increment() {
    \n for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
    \n \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684counter++\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c！
    \n \/\/ \u5b83\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a3\u6b65：\u8bfb\u53d6counter\u503c \u2192 \u52a01 \u2192 \u5199\u56decounter
    \n \/\/ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8fd93\u6b65\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\u6267\u884c，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u8986\u76d6
    \n counter++;
    \n }
    \n}<\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b
    \n std::thread t1(increment);
    \n std::thread t2(increment);<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5
    \n t1.join();
    \n t2.join();<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u9884\u671f\u8f93\u51fa20000，\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\u968f\u673a
    \n std::cout << "\u6700\u7ec8counter\u503c：" << counter << std::endl;<\/p>\n

    return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9？<\/h5>\n

    counter++ \u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801，\u5b9e\u5219\u662f\u975e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c（\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5b8c\u6210），\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

  • \u8bfb\u53d6 counter \u7684\u5f53\u524d\u503c\u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668；<\/li>\n
  • \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u52a0 1；<\/li>\n
  • \u5c06\u65b0\u503c\u5199\u56de counter \u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e09\u6b65\u65f6，\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6df7\u4e71：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u8bfb\u53d6 counter=5 \u2192 \u7ebf\u7a0b 2 \u4e5f\u8bfb\u53d6 counter=5；<\/li>\n
    • \u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u52a0 1 \u5f97\u5230 6 \u2192 \u7ebf\u7a0b 2 \u52a0 1 \u4e5f\u5f97\u5230 6；<\/li>\n
    • \u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u5199\u56de 6 \u2192 \u7ebf\u7a0b 2 \u4e5f\u5199\u56de 6；\u539f\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u7d2f\u52a0 2 \u6b21（5\u21926\u21927），\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u7d2f\u52a0\u4e86 1 \u6b21（5\u21926），\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u504f\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u4e09\u3001C++ \u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6？<\/h2>\n

      \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f \u201c\u4e92\u65a5\u201d \u7684（\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u4fee\u6539），\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n

    • \u4e92\u65a5\u9501（std::mutex）：\u7ed9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u52a0\u9501，\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee；<\/li>\n
    • \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c（std::atomic）：\u5c06\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u6210 \u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u65ad\u201d \u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4，\u907f\u514d\u62c6\u89e3；<\/li>\n
    • \u907f\u514d\u5171\u4eab\u53ef\u53d8\u8d44\u6e90：\u6bd4\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u6700\u540e\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n

      \u52a0\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u539f\u7406：\u300c\u72ec\u5360\u4e34\u754c\u533a，\u8ba9\u4e09\u6b65\u6574\u4f53\u4e32\u884c\u300d<\/h3>\n

      \u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u662f\u7ed9\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u52a0 \u201c\u6392\u4ed6\u6743\u201d：\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e09\u6b65\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757（\u4e34\u754c\u533a），\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e09\u6b65\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a \u201c\u6574\u4f53\u201d \u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u6b65\u5e76\u89e3\u9501\u540e，\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u4e09\u6b65\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b（\u52a0\u9501\u540e）：<\/h5>\n

      \u5047\u8bbe\u521d\u59cb counter=5，\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u52a0\u9501\u540e\u7684 counter++：<\/p>\n

    • \u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u62a2\u5360\u9501：\u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u4e92\u65a5\u9501，\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b（\u5982\u7ebf\u7a0b 2）\u88ab\u963b\u585e（\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a）；<\/li>\n
    • \u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u6b65：\n
        \n
      • \u8bfb\u53d6 counter=5 \u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668；<\/li>\n
      • \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\u52a0 1 \u2192 6；<\/li>\n
      • \u5199\u56de counter=6；<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u91ca\u653e\u9501：\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u89e3\u9501；<\/li>\n
      • \u7ebf\u7a0b 2 \u83b7\u53d6\u9501：\u7ebf\u7a0b 2 \u6b64\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a，\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u6b65：\n
          \n
        • \u8bfb\u53d6 counter=6 \u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668；<\/li>\n
        • \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\u52a0 1 \u2192 7；<\/li>\n
        • \u5199\u56de counter=7；<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

          \u6838\u5fc3\u672c\u8d28：\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u662f\u4e09\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e，\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e09\u6b65，\u675c\u7edd\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e09\u6b65\u7684\u53ef\u80fd，\u4ece \u201c\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u201d \u4e0a\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6307\u4ee4\u4ea4\u53c9\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5bf9\u5e94\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5173\u952e\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n

          std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx); \/\/ \u52a0\u9501，\u72ec\u5360\u4e34\u754c\u533a
          \ncounter++; \/\/ \u8fd9\u4e09\u6b65\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u88ab\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c
          \n\/\/ \u89e3\u9501，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884ccounter++<\/p>\n

          \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u539f\u7406：\u300c\u786c\u4ef6\u7ea7\u5408\u5e76\u4e09\u6b65，\u8ba9\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u65ad\u300d<\/h3>\n

          \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5229\u7528 CPU \u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6307\u4ee4，\u628a\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u4e09\u6b65\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u62c6\u5206\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4\u2014\u2014CPU \u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u63d2\u5165，\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u628a\u4e09\u6b65\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 \u201c\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d\u201d \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4ece \u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u201d \u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u4e09\u6b65\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b（\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e）：<\/h5>\n

          \u540c\u6837\u521d\u59cb counter=5，\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u7248 counter++（\u5982 counter.fetch_add(1)）：<\/p>\n

        • \u7ebf\u7a0b 1 \u6267\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4：\n
            \n
          • CPU \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u7d2f\u52a0\u6307\u4ee4，\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u9501\u5b9a counter \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740；<\/li>\n
          • \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5b8c\u6210：\u8bfb\u53d6 counter=5 \u2192 \u52a0 1 \u2192 \u5199\u56de counter=6；<\/li>\n
          • \u786c\u4ef6\u89e3\u9501\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740，\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2d\u65ad\u70b9，\u7ebf\u7a0b 2 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee counter；<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • \u7ebf\u7a0b 2 \u6267\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4：\n
              \n
            • \u6b64\u65f6 counter \u5df2\u4e3a 6，CPU \u540c\u6837\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5b8c\u6210 \u201c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u201d，\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230 7；<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

              \u6838\u5fc3\u672c\u8d28：\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5f62\u6001 \u2014\u2014 \u4ece\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e09\u6b65\u975e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c，\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u201c\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6253\u65ad\u201d \u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5bf9\u5e94\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5173\u952e\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n

              std::atomic<int> counter(0);
              \ncounter.fetch_add(1); \/\/ \u786c\u4ef6\u7ea7\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4，\u4e09\u6b65\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b65，\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u65ad,\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u81ea\u65cb<\/p>\n

              \u7ebf\u7a0b1\u5728\u5bf9counter\u6267\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5cfetch_add()\u65f6\u4f1a\u9501\u5b9acounter, \u7136\u540e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9counter\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u65cb\u7b49\u5f85;<\/p>\n

              \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\u5bf9\u6bd4（\u7d27\u6263\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u4e09\u6b65）<\/h3>\n\n\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e92\u65a5\u9501（std::mutex）\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c（std::atomic）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u5bf9\u300c\u8bfb\u2192\u52a0\u2192\u5199\u300d\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u7559\u4e09\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f46\u5f3a\u5236\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e09\u6b65<\/td>\n\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u5408\u5e76\u4e09\u6b65\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b65，\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u62c6\u5206\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u963b\u65ad\u7ade\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u4ece \u201c\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u201d \u4e0a\u675c\u7edd\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u6b65<\/td>\n\u4ece \u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u201d \u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u7684\u53ef\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5c42\u9762<\/td>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6001（\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e \/ \u5524\u9192\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362）<\/td>\nCPU \u786c\u4ef6\u6307\u4ee4（\u7528\u6237\u6001，\u65e0\u5185\u6838\u4ecb\u5165）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n\u5b58\u5728（\u4e09\u6b65\u4ecd\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u6001，\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u770b\u4e0d\u5230）<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728（\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2d\u95f4\u6001，\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a:<\/h2>\n

              \u4e92\u65a5\u91cf: \u4fee\u590d\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801（\u7528 std::mutex）：<\/h5>\n

              #include <iostream>
              \n#include <thread>
              \n#include <mutex><\/p>\n

              int counter = 0;
              \nstd::mutex mtx; \/\/ \u4e92\u65a5\u9501<\/p>\n

              void increment() {
              \n for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
              \n \/\/ \u52a0\u9501：\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757
              \n std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
              \n counter++;
              \n \/\/ \u89e3\u9501：lock_guard\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u9501，\u907f\u514d\u5fd8\u8bb0\u89e3\u9501\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u9501
              \n }
              \n}<\/p>\n

              int main() {
              \n std::thread t1(increment);
              \n std::thread t2(increment);
              \n t1.join();
              \n t2.join();
              \n std::cout << "\u6700\u7ec8counter\u503c：" << counter << std::endl; \/\/ \u7a33\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa20000
              \n return 0;
              \n}<\/p>\n

              \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c：\u9002\u5408\u5355\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h5>\n

              \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e13\u95e8\u89e3\u51b3 \u201c\u5355\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u95ee\u9898\u201d，\u6bd4\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7d2f\u52a0\u573a\u666f，\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548：<\/p>\n

              #include <iostream>
              \n#include <thread>
              \n#include <atomic><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf：\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u65ad\u7684
              \nstd::atomic<int> counter(0);<\/p>\n

              void increment() {
              \n for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
              \n \/\/ fetch_add：\u539f\u5b50\u7d2f\u52a0（\u8bfb\u53d6+\u52a01+\u5199\u56de\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210）
              \n counter.fetch_add(1);
              \n \/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e counter++（\u539f\u5b50\u7248）
              \n }
              \n}<\/p>\n

              int main() {
              \n std::thread t1(increment);
              \n std::thread t2(increment);
              \n t1.join();
              \n t2.join();
              \n \/\/ \u7a33\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa20000，\u4e14\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u66f4\u9ad8
              \n std::cout << "\u6700\u7ec8counter\u503c：" << counter << std::endl;
              \n return 0;
              \n}<\/p>\n

              \u4e92\u65a5\u9501：\u9002\u5408\u591a\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u533a<\/h5>\n

              \u5982\u679c\u903b\u8f91\u662f \u201c\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u53d8\u91cf\u503c，\u518d\u4fee\u6539，\u518d\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u201d \u8fd9\u7c7b\u591a\u6b65\u8054\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c，\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8986\u76d6，\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501：<\/p>\n

              #include <iostream>
              \n#include <thread>
              \n#include <mutex>
              \n#include <vector><\/p>\n

              int balance = 1000; \/\/ \u8d26\u6237\u4f59\u989d（\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90）
              \nstd::mutex mtx;
              \nstd::vector<std::string> logs; \/\/ \u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u5fd7（\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90）<\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u53d6\u6b3e\u51fd\u6570：\u591a\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5224\u65ad\u4f59\u989d\u2192\u6263\u51cf\u2192\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7）
              \nvoid withdraw(int amount) {
              \n \/\/ \u52a0\u9501：\u4fdd\u62a4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u533a（\u591a\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c）
              \n std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);<\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u5224\u65ad\u4f59\u989d\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f
              \n if (balance >= amount) {
              \n \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u6263\u51cf\u4f59\u989d
              \n balance -= amount;
              \n \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7
              \n logs.push_back("\u53d6\u6b3e" + std::to_string(amount) + "\u5143，\u4f59\u989d\u5269\u4f59" + std::to_string(balance) + "\u5143");
              \n } else {
              \n logs.push_back("\u53d6\u6b3e" + std::to_string(amount) + "\u5143\u5931\u8d25，\u4f59\u989d\u4e0d\u8db3");
              \n }
              \n}<\/p>\n

              int main() {
              \n \/\/ \u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u53d6\u6b3e
              \n std::thread t1(withdraw, 800);
              \n std::thread t2(withdraw, 500);
              \n t1.join();
              \n t2.join();<\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7（\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b）
              \n for (const auto& log : logs) {
              \n std::cout << log << std::endl;
              \n }
              \n \/\/ \u6700\u7ec8\u4f59\u989d：200\u5143（\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u679c）
              \n std::cout << "\u6700\u7ec8\u8d26\u6237\u4f59\u989d：" << balance << std::endl;
              \n return 0;
              \n}<\/p>\n

              \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
            • \u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u4e14\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7，\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b；<\/li>\n
            • \u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6：\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3 \u201c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b + \u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90 + \u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d \u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6，\u53ea\u8bfb\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7ade\u6001；\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u591a\u8bfb1\u5199\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef, \u5199\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u8bfb\u4e86, \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u60c5\u51b5;<\/li>\n
            • \u89e3\u51b3\u6838\u5fc3：\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f \u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u4e14\u4e92\u65a5\u201d \u7684，\u907f\u514d\u6307\u4ee4\u4ea4\u53c9\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u4f60\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f C \u4e2d\u7684\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6（Race Condition），\u5b83\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u4e5f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00，\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u89e3\u91ca\u5148\u7528\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5e2e\u4f60\u7406\u89e3：\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u540c\u65f6\u53bb\u62a2\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u74f6\u53ef\u4e50，\u4f60\u4f38\u624b\u53bb\u62ff\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u4f38\u624b，\u6700\u7ec8\u8c01\u62ff\u5230\u3001\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u74f6\u5b50\u78b0\u5012，\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u7ade\u6001\u201d \u7684\u672c\u8d28&#xff1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,1813,427],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-73797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-1813","tag-427"],"yoast_head":"\nC++_\u7ade\u6001_\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u91ca - 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