{"id":73045,"date":"2026-02-06T23:17:36","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T15:17:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/73045.html"},"modified":"2026-02-06T23:17:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T15:17:36","slug":"%e3%80%90c-%e7%a1%ac%e6%a0%b8%e3%80%91%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e9%93%be%e6%8e%a5%e5%99%a8%e9%ad%94%e6%b3%95-linker-sections-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%8e%bb%e4%b8%ad%e5%bf%83%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/73045.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010C++ \u786c\u6838\u3011\u5229\u7528\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u9b54\u6cd5 (Linker Sections) \u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981：\u5728\u5927\u578b\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u201d\u6216\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8868\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7e41\u7410，\u800c\u4e14\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528 GCC\/Clang \u7684 __attribute__((section)) \u7279\u6027，\u914d\u5408\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 Linker Script，\u5c06\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u201c\u5438\u201d\u5230\u4e00\u5757\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5c01\u88c5\u6210 C++ \u7684 Range \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668，\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u8026\u5408\u3001\u96f6\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001 \u75db\u70b9：\u81c3\u80bf\u7684 main.c<\/h3>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a CLI（\u547d\u4ee4\u884c）\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

\/\/ main.c
\n#include "cmd_led.h"
\n#include "cmd_wifi.h"
\n#include "cmd_reset.h"
\n\/\/ … \u5f15\u5165 50 \u4e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

void Shell_Init() {
\n \/\/ \u6bcf\u6b21\u52a0\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4，\u90fd\u8981\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\u6539\u4ee3\u7801
\n Shell_Register("led", Cmd_Led);
\n Shell_Register("wifi", Cmd_Wifi);
\n Shell_Register("reset", Cmd_Reset);
\n \/\/ … \u624b\u5199 50 \u884c
\n}<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u8fdd\u53cd\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219：\u65b0\u589e\u529f\u80fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801 (main.c)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u4f9d\u8d56\u5730\u72f1：main.c \u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u534f\u540c\u51b2\u7a81：\u591a\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6，\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u6539 Shell_Init，Git \u5408\u5e76\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u76ee\u6807： \u5728 cmd_led.cpp \u91cc\u5199\u5b8c\u547d\u4ee4，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6，\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5c31\u80fd\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001 \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406：\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u6bb5 (Sections)<\/h3>\n

    \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6，\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u4ee3\u7801\u653e .text，\u53d8\u91cf\u653e .data\u3002 \u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668：\u201c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u653e\u5230\u6211\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 .my_shell_cmds \u6bb5\u91cc\u53bb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u94fe\u63a5\u5668（Linker）\u5728\u6700\u540e\u628a\u6240\u6709 .o \u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u6210 .elf \u65f6，\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a .my_shell_cmds \u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u8d77，\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u5730\u5740，\u5c31\u80fd\u50cf\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001 \u5b9e\u6218\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h3>\n

    1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

    \/\/ ShellCommand.h
    \ntypedef void (*CmdFunc)(int argc, char** argv);<\/p>\n

    struct Command {
    \n const char* name;
    \n const char* help;
    \n CmdFunc handler;
    \n};<\/p>\n

    2. C++ \u5b8f\u9b54\u6cd5：\u6307\u5b9a Section<\/h4>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528 __attribute__((section("name"))) \u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\u6389（\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u4eba\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u5b83），\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a __attribute__((used))\u3002<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u653e\u5165\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u6bb5 (.rodata)，\u8282\u7701 RAM
    \n#define SHELL_EXPORT_CMD(func, name_str, help_str) \\\\
    \n \/* \u5f3a\u5236\u5728 .shell_cmds \u6bb5\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a Command \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 *\/ \\\\
    \n __attribute__((section(".shell_cmds"), used)) \\\\
    \n const Command _cmd_##func = { \\\\
    \n .name = name_str, \\\\
    \n .help = help_str, \\\\
    \n .handler = func \\\\
    \n }<\/p>\n

    3. \u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u811a\u672c (.ld) \u4fee\u6539<\/h4>\n

    \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u786c\u6838\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728 .ld \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5，\u5e76\u5bfc\u51fa Start \u548c End \u7b26\u53f7，\u4ee5\u4fbf C++ \u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6253\u5f00\u4f60\u7684 STM32xxxx.ld \u6587\u4ef6，\u5728 SECTIONS \u5757\u4e2d（\u901a\u5e38\u5728 .rodata \u4e4b\u540e）\u52a0\u5165：<\/p>\n

    \/* \u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bb5 *\/
    \n.shell_cmds_section :
    \n{
    \n . = ALIGN(4);
    \n \/* \u5bfc\u51fa\u8d77\u59cb\u7b26\u53f7 *\/
    \n _shell_cmds_start = .;
    \n \/* \u6536\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a .shell_cmds \u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6bb5 *\/
    \n KEEP(*( .shell_cmds ))
    \n . = ALIGN(4);
    \n \/* \u5bfc\u51fa\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u53f7 *\/
    \n _shell_cmds_end = .;
    \n} >FLASH \/* \u653e\u5728 Flash \u91cc *\/<\/p>\n

    4. C++ \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5c01\u88c5<\/h4>\n

    \u73b0\u5728，_shell_cmds_start \u5230 _shell_cmds_end \u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u6ee1\u6ee1\u7684 Command \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u5c01\u88c5\u6210 C++ \u7684 Range，\u652f\u6301 for (auto& cmd : …)\u3002<\/p>\n

    \/\/ SectionIterator.h
    \n#include "ShellCommand.h"<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u58f0\u660e\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7b26\u53f7 (\u7c7b\u578b\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981，\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u624d\u91cd\u8981)
    \nextern const Command _shell_cmds_start;
    \nextern const Command _shell_cmds_end;<\/p>\n

    class CommandRegistry {
    \npublic:
    \n \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7c7b\u578b
    \n using iterator = const Command*;<\/p>\n

    \/\/ begin() \u8fd4\u56de\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740
    \n static iterator begin() {
    \n return &_shell_cmds_start;
    \n }<\/p>\n

    \/\/ end() \u8fd4\u56de\u6bb5\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u5730\u5740
    \n static iterator end() {
    \n return &_shell_cmds_end;
    \n }<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u91cf
    \n static size_t size() {
    \n return end() – begin();
    \n }
    \n};<\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001 \u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n

    \u73b0\u5728，\u770b\u770b\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 LED \u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u591a\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Cmd_Led.cpp
    \n#include "ShellCommand.h"
    \n#include <cstdio><\/p>\n

    \/\/ 1. \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91
    \nvoid Cmd_Led_Handler(int argc, char** argv) {
    \n printf("LED Toggled!\\\\n");
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \/\/ 2. \u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c (\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb main.c \u62a5\u5230！)
    \n\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u5b83\u6254\u5230 Flash \u7684 .shell_cmds \u6bb5\u91cc
    \nSHELL_EXPORT_CMD(Cmd_Led_Handler, "led", "Toggle the LED");<\/p>\n

    \u518d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a WiFi \u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Cmd_Wifi.cpp
    \nvoid Cmd_Wifi_Handler(int argc, char** argv) { \/*…*\/ }
    \nSHELL_EXPORT_CMD(Cmd_Wifi_Handler, "wifi", "Connect Wifi");<\/p>\n

    \u4e94\u3001 \u6838\u5fc3\u5f15\u64ce：\u904d\u5386\u4e0e\u6267\u884c<\/h3>\n

    \u5728 Shell \u5f15\u64ce\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Shell.cpp
    \n#include "SectionIterator.h"
    \n#include <cstring><\/p>\n

    void Shell_Process(char* input_cmd) {
    \n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 C++ Range-based for loop \u904d\u5386 Flash \u6bb5
    \n for (const auto& cmd : CommandRegistry()) {<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5339\u914d\u540d\u5b57
    \n if (strcmp(input_cmd, cmd.name) == 0) {
    \n \/\/ \u627e\u5230\u4e86，\u6267\u884c！
    \n cmd.handler(0, nullptr);
    \n return;
    \n }
    \n }
    \n printf("Unknown command\\\\n");
    \n}<\/p>\n

    void Shell_List() {
    \n printf("Available commands:\\\\n");
    \n \/\/ \u904d\u5386\u6253\u5370 help
    \n for (const auto& cmd : CommandRegistry()) {
    \n printf(" %s: %s\\\\n", cmd.name, cmd.help);
    \n }
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u516d\u3001 \u8fdb\u9636\u73a9\u6cd5：\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316 (Auto-Init)<\/h3>\n

    \u9664\u4e86\u505a Shell \u547d\u4ee4，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e \u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a .sys_init \u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u9a71\u52a8 A \u58f0\u660e：SYS_INIT_EXPORT(DriverA_Init, 1); \/\/ \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u9a71\u52a8 B \u58f0\u660e：SYS_INIT_EXPORT(DriverB_Init, 2); \/\/ \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6：<\/p>\n

      \/\/ SystemInit
      \n\/\/ \u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f，\u6839\u636e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u91cd\u6392 RAM \u91cc\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488
      \n\/\/ \u7136\u540e\u4f9d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528
      \nfor (auto func : InitRegistry()) {
      \n func();
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u8fd9\u6837，\u4f60\u7684 main() \u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u7a7a\u7a7a\u5982\u4e5f，\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u884c OS_Start()，\u6240\u6709\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90fd\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684 .cpp \u91cc\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e03\u3001 \u786c\u6838\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

      \u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e Linker Section \u7684\u6280\u672f，\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f \u6a21\u5757\u5316 (Modularization) \u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

    • \n

      \u96f6\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5185\u5b58：\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728 Flash \u6bb5，\u4e0d\u5360 RAM\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u96f6\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500：\u4e0d\u50cf C++ \u5168\u5c40\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u6ce8\u518c，\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u671f (Link-time) \u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u6570\u7ec4，\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u6781\u81f4\u89e3\u8026：\u65b0\u589e\u6a21\u5757\u53ea\u9700\u589e\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6，\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      \u770b\u770b Linux Kernel \u7684\u6e90\u7801，\u770b\u770b U-Boot \u7684\u6e90\u7801，\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd __attribute__((section)) \u7684\u5b8f\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u73b0\u5728，\u4f60\u4e5f\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u6458\u8981：\u5728\u5927\u578b\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u201d\u6216\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8868\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7e41\u7410，\u800c\u4e14\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528 GCC\/Clang \u7684 __attribute__((section)) \u7279\u6027，\u914d\u5408\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 Linker Script，\u5c06\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u201c\u5438\u201d\u5230\u4e00\u5757\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5c01\u88c5\u6210 C \u7684 Range \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668，\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u8026\u5408\u3001\u96f6\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4e00\u3001 \u75db\u70b9&#xff<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1160,3183],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-73045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-1160","tag-3183"],"yoast_head":"\n\u3010C++ \u786c\u6838\u3011\u5229\u7528\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u9b54\u6cd5 (Linker Sections) \u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf - 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