\n| "a+"<\/td>\n | \u8ffd\u52a0\u8bfb\u5199<\/td>\n | \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n | \u4fdd\u7559\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n | \u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n fclose() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u529f\u80fd：\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41
\n * \u53c2\u6570：
\n * stream：\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488
\n * \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
\n * \u6210\u529f：0
\n * \u5931\u8d25：EOF(-1)
\n *\/
\nint fclose(FILE *stream);<\/p>\n 2.4.2 \u5b57\u7b26\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u51fd\u6570<\/h5>\nfputc() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u529f\u80fd：\u5411\u6d41\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
\n * \u53c2\u6570：
\n * c：\u8981\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26（ASCII\u7801\u503c）
\n * stream：\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41
\n * \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
\n * \u6210\u529f：\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u7684ASCII\u7801\u503c
\n * \u5931\u8d25：EOF(-1)
\n *\/
\nint fputc(int c, FILE *stream);<\/p>\n \/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u5173\u7cfb
\nputchar(ch) \u21d4 fputc(ch, stdout)<\/p>\n fgetc() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u529f\u80fd：\u4ece\u6d41\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
\n * \u53c2\u6570：
\n * stream：\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41
\n * \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
\n * \u6210\u529f：\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u7684ASCII\u7801\u503c
\n * \u5931\u8d25\/\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f：EOF(-1)
\n *\/
\nint fgetc(FILE *stream);<\/p>\n \/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u5173\u7cfb
\nch = getchar() \u21d4 ch = fgetc(stdin)<\/p>\n 2.4.3 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u51fd\u6570<\/h5>\nfputs() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u529f\u80fd：\u5411\u6d41\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n * \u53c2\u6570：
\n * s：\u8981\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（\u4ee5'\\\\0'\u7ed3\u5c3e）
\n * stream：\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41
\n * \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
\n * \u6210\u529f：\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570
\n * \u5931\u8d25：EOF(-1)
\n *\/
\nint fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);<\/p>\n fgets() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u529f\u80fd：\u4ece\u6d41\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n * \u53c2\u6570：
\n * s：\u5b58\u50a8\u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\n * size：\u6700\u591a\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570（\u5305\u62ec\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684'\\\\0'）
\n * stream：\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41
\n * \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
\n * \u6210\u529f：\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5730\u5740s
\n * \u5931\u8d25\/\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f：NULL
\n *\/
\nchar *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);<\/p>\n \u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/\/ fgets vs gets
\nchar str[100];
\nfgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin); \/\/ \u4fdd\u7559\u6362\u884c\u7b26'\\\\n'
\ngets(str); \/\/ \u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u6362\u884c\u7b26<\/p>\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528fgets\u6a21\u62dfgets\u7684\u529f\u80fd
\nfgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);
\nstr[strlen(str) – 1] = '\\\\0'; \/\/ \u53bb\u6389\u6362\u884c\u7b26<\/p>\n \/\/ fputs vs puts
\nfputs("Hello", stdout); \/\/ \u4e0d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6362\u884c\u7b26
\nputs("Hello"); \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u6362\u884c\u7b26<\/p>\n 2.4.4 \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u51fd\u6570<\/h5>\nfprintf() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u529f\u80fd：\u5411\u6d41\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n * \u53c2\u6570：
\n * stream：\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41
\n * format：\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n * …：\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570（\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u53d8\u91cf）
\n * \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
\n * \u6210\u529f：\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570
\n * \u5931\u8d25：\u8d1f\u6570
\n *\/
\nint fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, …);<\/p>\n \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b
\nfprintf(stdout, "Name: %s, Age: %d\\\\n", name, age);
\nfprintf(file, "Data: %f, %f, %f\\\\n", x, y, z);<\/p>\n fscanf() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u529f\u80fd：\u4ece\u6d41\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6570\u636e
\n * \u53c2\u6570：
\n * stream：\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41
\n * format：\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n * …：\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570（\u5b58\u50a8\u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740）
\n * \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
\n * \u6210\u529f：\u6210\u529f\u5339\u914d\u5e76\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570
\n * \u5931\u8d25\/\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f：EOF(-1)
\n *\/
\nint fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, …);<\/p>\n \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b
\nint count = fscanf(file, "%d %s %f", &id, name, &score);<\/p>\n 2.5 \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\u793a\u4f8b1：\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h5>\nc<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n int main() {
\n FILE *fp = NULL;
\n char buffer[100];<\/p>\n \/\/ 1. \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6
\n fp = fopen("example.txt", "w+");
\n if (fp == NULL) {
\n perror("Error opening file");
\n return EXIT_FAILURE;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ 2. \u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e（\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f）
\n fputs("Hello, World!\\\\n", fp);
\n fprintf(fp, "This is line %d\\\\n", 2);
\n fputc('A', fp);
\n fputc('\\\\n', fp);<\/p>\n \/\/ 3. \u91cd\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5230\u5f00\u5934
\n rewind(fp);<\/p>\n \/\/ 4. \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e
\n printf("File content:\\\\n");
\n while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp) != NULL) {
\n printf("%s", buffer);
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ 5. \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6
\n fclose(fp);<\/p>\n return EXIT_SUCCESS;
\n}<\/p>\n 🔧 \u4e09\u3001IO\u7f16\u7a0b\u7ec3\u4e60\u9898\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n3.1 \u7ec3\u4e601：\u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\u8981\u6c42：\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84，\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
\n FILE *src, *dst;
\n int ch;<\/p>\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf
\n if (argc != 3) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <source> <destination>\\\\n", argv[0]);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6
\n src = fopen(argv[1], "r");
\n if (src == NULL) {
\n perror("Error opening source file");
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6
\n dst = fopen(argv[2], "w");
\n if (dst == NULL) {
\n perror("Error opening destination file");
\n fclose(src);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u5185\u5bb9
\n while ((ch = fgetc(src)) != EOF) {
\n fputc(ch, dst);
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u8bfb\u53d6\u9519\u8bef
\n if (ferror(src)) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Error reading from source file\\\\n");
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6
\n fclose(src);
\n fclose(dst);<\/p>\n printf("File copied successfully from %s to %s\\\\n", argv[1], argv[2]);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c：<\/p>\n bash<\/p>\n gcc file_copy.c -o file_copy
\n.\/file_copy source.txt destination.txt<\/p>\n 3.2 \u7ec3\u4e602：\u5b57\u7b26\u9891\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\u8981\u6c42：\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n c<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h>
\n#include <ctype.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n #define ASCII_SIZE 256<\/p>\n int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
\n FILE *fp;
\n int freq[ASCII_SIZE] = {0};
\n int ch;
\n int max_index = 0;<\/p>\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570
\n if (argc != 2) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <filename>\\\\n", argv[0]);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6
\n fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
\n if (fp == NULL) {
\n perror("Error opening file");
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u7b26\u9891\u7387
\n while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
\n \/\/ \u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26
\n if (isprint(ch)) {
\n freq[ch]++;
\n if (freq[ch] > freq[max_index]) {
\n max_index = ch;
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c
\n if (freq[max_index] > 0) {
\n printf("Most frequent character: '%c' (ASCII: %d)\\\\n",
\n max_index, max_index);
\n printf("Frequency: %d times\\\\n", freq[max_index]);<\/p>\n \/\/ \u53ef\u9009：\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u9891\u7387
\n printf("\\\\nCharacter frequency table:\\\\n");
\n printf("Char | Count\\\\n");
\n printf("—–|——\\\\n");
\n for (int i = 0; i < ASCII_SIZE; i++) {
\n if (freq[i] > 0 && isprint(i)) {
\n printf(" %c | %d\\\\n", i, freq[i]);
\n }
\n }
\n } else {
\n printf("File is empty or contains no printable characters.\\\\n");
\n }<\/p>\n fclose(fp);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c：<\/p>\n bash<\/p>\n gcc char_freq.c -o char_freq
\n.\/char_freq example.txt<\/p>\n 3.3 \u6269\u5c55\u7ec3\u4e60：\u5e26\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u62f7\u8d1d（\u4f18\u5316\u7248）<\/h4>\nc<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include <time.h><\/p>\n #define BUFFER_SIZE 4096 \/\/ 4KB\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u5339\u914d\u5168\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
\n FILE *src, *dst;
\n char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
\n size_t bytes_read, total_bytes = 0;
\n clock_t start, end;
\n double cpu_time_used;<\/p>\n if (argc != 3) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <source> <destination>\\\\n", argv[0]);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n start = clock();<\/p>\n src = fopen(argv[1], "rb"); \/\/ \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6
\n if (!src) {
\n perror("Source file error");
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n dst = fopen(argv[2], "wb"); \/\/ \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u5199\u5165
\n if (!dst) {
\n perror("Destination file error");
\n fclose(src);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6279\u91cf\u8bfb\u5199
\n while ((bytes_read = fread(buffer, 1, BUFFER_SIZE, src)) > 0) {
\n fwrite(buffer, 1, bytes_read, dst);
\n total_bytes += bytes_read;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u9519\u8bef
\n if (ferror(src)) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Error reading source file\\\\n");
\n }
\n if (ferror(dst)) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to destination file\\\\n");
\n }<\/p>\n fclose(src);
\n fclose(dst);<\/p>\n end = clock();
\n cpu_time_used = ((double)(end – start)) \/ CLOCKS_PER_SEC;<\/p>\n printf("Copy completed successfully!\\\\n");
\n printf("Total bytes copied: %ld\\\\n", total_bytes);
\n printf("Time used: %.6f seconds\\\\n", cpu_time_used);
\n printf("Transfer rate: %.2f KB\/s\\\\n",
\n total_bytes \/ 1024.0 \/ cpu_time_used);<\/p>\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n 📊 \u56db\u3001IO\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n4.1 \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\nc<\/p>\n \/\/ \u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5
\nFILE *fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
\n\/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528fp，\u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n \/\/ \u597d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5
\nFILE *fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
\nif (fp == NULL) {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528perror\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f
\n perror("Error opening file");<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528strerror
\n fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\\\\n", strerror(errno));<\/p>\n return EXIT_FAILURE;
\n}<\/p>\n 4.2 \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406（\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\/\u6587\u4ef6\u6cc4\u6f0f）<\/h4>\nc<\/p>\n \/\/ \u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
\nFILE *fp1 = NULL, *fp2 = NULL, *fp3 = NULL;<\/p>\n fp1 = fopen("file1.txt", "r");
\nif (!fp1) goto cleanup;<\/p>\n fp2 = fopen("file2.txt", "r");
\nif (!fp2) goto cleanup;<\/p>\n fp3 = fopen("file3.txt", "w");
\nif (!fp3) goto cleanup;<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91…<\/p>\n cleanup:
\n\/\/ \u5b89\u5168\u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nif (fp1) fclose(fp1);
\nif (fp2) fclose(fp2);
\nif (fp3) fclose(fp3);<\/p>\n 4.3 \u7f13\u5b58\u5237\u65b0\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\nc<\/p>\n \/\/ \u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u573a\u666f
\nFILE *log_file = fopen("app.log", "a");
\nif (log_file) {
\n \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u884c\u7f13\u5b58
\n setvbuf(log_file, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);<\/p>\n fprintf(log_file, "Event 1 occurred\\\\n");
\n fflush(log_file); \/\/ \u7acb\u5373\u5199\u5165，\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u7f13\u5b58\u6ee1<\/p>\n fprintf(log_file, "Event 2 occurred\\\\n");
\n fclose(log_file);
\n}<\/p>\n <\/h4>\n📝 \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n5.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9\u56de\u987e<\/h4>\n\n\u7edf\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b：Linux\u5c06\u6240\u6709I\/O\u5bf9\u8c61\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \n\u4e09\u5c42I\/O\u4f53\u7cfb：\u6807\u51c6I\/O（\u7f13\u5b58）\u3001\u6587\u4ef6I\/O（\u65e0\u7f13\u5b58）\u3001\u76ee\u5f55I\/O<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \n\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236：\u7406\u89e3\u5168\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u884c\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u65e0\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \n\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406：\u59cb\u7ec8\u68c0\u67e5I\/O\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u4f7f\u7528perror\/strerror<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 5.2 \u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u5f84\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\ntext<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5：\u57fa\u7840\u638c\u63e1
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u7406\u89e3"\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u662f\u6587\u4ef6"\u7406\u5ff5
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u638c\u63e1\u6807\u51c6I\/O\u57fa\u672c\u51fd\u6570（fopen\/fclose\/fputc\/fgetc）
\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u5b8c\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec3\u4e60<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5：\u719f\u7ec3\u5e94\u7528
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u638c\u63e1\u683c\u5f0f\u5316I\/O（fprintf\/fscanf）
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\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5904\u7406
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