{"id":70997,"date":"2026-02-03T00:04:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T16:04:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/70997.html"},"modified":"2026-02-03T00:04:57","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T16:04:57","slug":"%e9%9d%9e%e5%af%b9%e7%a7%b0%e5%8a%a0%e5%af%86-rs256-%e5%af%b9%e7%a7%b0%e5%8a%a0%e5%af%86-hs256-%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a-jwt%e3%80%8c%e5%a4%b1%e6%95%88%e3%80%8d%e5%88%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/70997.html","title":{"rendered":"\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6 RS256 \/ \u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6 HS256 \u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca JWT\u300c\u5931\u6548\u300d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u7684\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6 RS256 \/ \u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6 HS256 \u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca JWT\u300c\u5931\u6548\u300d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u7684&#xff1f;<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 JWT&#xff08;JSON Web Token&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65f6&#xff0c;RS256 \/ HS256 \u4ee5\u53ca Token \u8fc7\u671f\u4e0e\u5931\u6548\u673a\u5236 \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56f0\u60d1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9a8c\u7b7e\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u9a8c\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>exp \u8fc7\u671f\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u7684&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u7b7e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Token \u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6548&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>RS256 \u548c HS256 \u53ea\u662f\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u201d\u5417&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece \u539f\u7406 \u2192 \u5b9e\u73b0 \u2192 \u5b89\u5168 \u2192 \u5b9e\u6218\u8bbe\u8ba1 \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001JWT \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u56de\u987e<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684 JWT \u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>header.payload.signature<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\neyJhbGciOiJ9.eyJzdWIiOjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJJf36POssw5c<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Header&#xff1a;\u58f0\u660e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982 RS256 \/ HS256&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Payload&#xff1a;\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Signature&#xff1a;\u9632\u7be1\u6539\u7b7e\u540d&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u6838\u5fc3&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Header \u548c Payload \u53ea\u662f Base64 \u7f16\u7801&#xff0c;\u53ef\u88ab\u89e3\u7801\u67e5\u770b<\/li>\n<li>Signature \u624d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u4f2a\u9020\u548c\u7be1\u6539\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001HS256 \u4e0e RS256 \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n<h4>1. HS256&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff08;HMAC &#043; SHA-256&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u539f\u7406<\/h5>\n<p>signature &#061; HMAC_SHA256(<br \/>\n    header.payload,<br \/>\n    secretKey<br \/>\n)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5<\/li>\n<li>\u65e2\u8d1f\u8d23 \u7b7e\u540d&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u8d1f\u8d23 \u9a8c\u7b7e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u7279\u70b9<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355<\/li>\n<li>\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u5355\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u62ff\u5230 secretKey \u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f2a\u9020 Token<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6821\u9a8c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. RS256&#xff1a;\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff08;RSA &#043; SHA-256&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u539f\u7406<\/h5>\n<p>\u79c1\u94a5&#xff08;Private Key&#xff09; \u2192 \u7b7e\u540d<br \/>\n\u516c\u94a5&#xff08;Public Key&#xff09; \u2192 \u9a8c\u7b7e<\/p>\n<p>signature &#061; RSA_SHA256(<br \/>\n    header.payload,<br \/>\n    privateKey<br \/>\n)<\/p>\n<h5>\u7279\u70b9<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u79c1\u94a5\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u94a5\u53ef\u4e0b\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u7b7e\u65b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f2a\u9020 Token<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u66f4\u5b89\u5168&#xff1f;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u516c\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u79c1\u94a5<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OAuth2<\/li>\n<li>\u5355\u70b9\u767b\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784<br \/>\n\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 RS256\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. HS256 vs RS256 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879HS256RS256<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5bc6\u94a5\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5<\/td>\n<td>\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5bc6\u94a5\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>1 \u4e2a<\/td>\n<td>2 \u4e2a&#xff08;\u516c\u94a5 \/ \u79c1\u94a5&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u5fae\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<td>\u274c<\/td>\n<td>\u2705<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u5bc6\u94a5\u8f6e\u6362<\/td>\n<td>\u56f0\u96be<\/td>\n<td>\u5bb9\u6613<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u754c<\/td>\n<td>\u8f83\u5f31<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u5feb<\/td>\n<td>\u7a0d\u6162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001JWT \u9a8c\u7b7e\u6d41\u7a0b\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u628a\u300c\u9a8c\u7b7e\u300d\u548c\u300c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u300d\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9a8c\u7b7e\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<p>1. \u53d6\u51fa header.payload<br \/>\n2. \u4f7f\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5 &#043; \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5bc6\u94a5<br \/>\n3. \u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97 signature&#039;<br \/>\n4. \u4e0e token \u4e2d\u7684 signature \u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4 \u2192 Token \u88ab\u7be1\u6539&#xff08;\u76f4\u63a5\u65e0\u6548&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u4e00\u81f4 \u2192 \u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e Token \u662f\u201c\u771f\u7684\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u9a8c\u7b7e\u901a\u8fc7 \u2260 Token \u8fd8\u80fd\u7528<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001Token \u7684\u300c\u5931\u6548\u300d\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u7684&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<h4>\u5173\u952e\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h4>\n<p>JWT \u7684\u5931\u6548\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u201c\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5931\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5728 Payload \u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5931\u6548\u5b57\u6bb5&#xff1a;exp<\/h3>\n<h4>1. exp \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token string-property property\">&#034;sub&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;10086&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token string-property property\">&#034;iat&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1700000000<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token string-property property\">&#034;exp&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1700003600<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>exp&#xff1a;expiration time&#xff08;\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u79d2\u7ea7\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5224\u65ad\u903b\u8f91<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>now <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> exp<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    token \u5df2\u8fc7\u671f<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u91cd\u8981\u8ba4\u77e5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>exp \u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7b7e\u540d\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u53ea\u662f payload \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tr>\u60c5\u51b5\u7ed3\u679c<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7b7e\u540d\u6b63\u786e &#043; exp \u672a\u8fc7\u671f<\/td>\n<td>Token \u6709\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7b7e\u540d\u6b63\u786e &#043; exp \u5df2\u8fc7\u671f<\/td>\n<td>Token \u5931\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7b7e\u540d\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<td>Token \u65e0\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Token \u6709\u6548\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff08;\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>\u771f\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 JWT \u6821\u9a8c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u6821\u9a8c\u7b7e\u540d&#xff08;\u9632\u4f2a&#xff09;<br \/>\n2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u89e3\u6790 payload<br \/>\n3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u6821\u9a8c exp&#xff08;\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f&#xff09;<br \/>\n4\ufe0f\u20e3 \u6821\u9a8c nbf \/ iat&#xff08;\u53ef\u9009&#xff09;<br \/>\n5\ufe0f\u20e3 \u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u6821\u9a8c&#xff08;\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u540a\u9500\u3001\u7248\u672c\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981 \u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u6b65\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2192 SecurityContext \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb<br \/>\n\u2192 \u8fd4\u56de 401 \/ 403<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001\u9664\u4e86 exp&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5931\u6548\u624b\u6bb5&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<h4>1. nbf&#xff08;Not Before&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token string-property property\">&#034;nbf&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1700001000<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8be5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;Token \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ba9 Token \u5931\u6548&#xff08;\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>JWT \u662f\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u4e00&#xff1a;Token \u9ed1\u540d\u5355&#xff08;Redis&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u767b\u51fa \/ \u5c01\u7981<\/li>\n<li>\u628a token \/ jti \u5b58\u5165 Redis<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u6821\u9a8c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u7248\u672c\u53f7<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token string-property property\">&#034;uid&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token string-property property\">&#034;ver&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7248\u672c\u662f 4<\/li>\n<li>Token \u4e2d\u662f 3<\/li>\n<li>\u5224\u5b9a\u5931\u6548<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001Access Token &#043; Refresh Token \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n<p>\u63a8\u8350\u5b9e\u8df5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Access Token&#xff1a;15 \u5206\u949f<br \/>\nRefresh Token&#xff1a;7 \u5929<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Access Token \u8fc7\u671f \u2192 \u8d70\u5237\u65b0\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>Refresh Token \u8fc7\u671f \u2192 \u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f JWT \u80fd\u505a\u5230\u201c\u65e0\u72b6\u6001 &#043; \u53ef\u63a7\u5931\u6548\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u548c Spring Security \u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u94fe\u8def<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Spring Security \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u771f\u5b9e\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u5165<br \/>\n\u2192 JWT Filter<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6821\u9a8c\u7b7e\u540d<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6821\u9a8c exp<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6821\u9a8c\u4e1a\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6784\u9020 Authentication<br \/>\n\u2192 \u653e\u5165 SecurityContext<br \/>\n\u2192 &#064;AuthenticationPrincipal \u751f\u6548<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u4f4f<\/h3>\n<p>&#x1f510; 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