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id=\"h_1948893760059605502_5\">3.\u89c6\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u8981\u7d20<\/h4>\n<p>\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6210\u5206\u53ef\u77e5&#xff0c;\u89c6\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u9700\u8981\u4f17\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u534f\u8c03\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b&#xff08;9-19&#xff1a;\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b&#xff09;\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u8bc6\u522b&#xff08;9-10&#xff1a;\u8fd0\u52a8\u611f\u77e5&#xff09;\u3001\u573a\u666f\u8bc6\u522b&#xff08;9-12&#xff1a;\u573a\u666f&#xff09;\u3001\u610f\u56fe\u8bc6\u522b&#xff08;9-23&#xff1a;\u52a8\u4f5c\u610f\u56fe\u7406\u89e3&#xff09;\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5373\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5927\u591a\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u610f\u56fe\u786e\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89d2\u8272&#xff08;\u5982\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u53d7\u52a8\u8005&#xff09;\u7684\u8bc6\u522b&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89d2\u8272\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u522b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u4e8c\u8005\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528&#xff08;Hafri&#xff0c;Papaftagou\u548cTrueswell&#xff0c;2013&#xff1b;Strickland&#xff0c;2016&#xff09;\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e70\u5356\u573a\u666f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89d2\u8272\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6&#xff1b;\u5f53\u7136&#xff0c;\u5f53\u5f97\u77e5\u67d0\u4eba\u662f\u5356\u5bb6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee3\u5165\u5230\u4e70\u5356\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6709\u5173\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4e3b\u9898\u89d2\u8272&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8005&#xff0c;\u800c\u53d7\u52a8\u8005\u5219\u662f\u88ab\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\u63a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7537\u5b69\u662f\u65bd\u52a8\u8005&#xff0c;\u5973\u5b69\u662f\u53d7\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u5178\u578b\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f&#xff08;a&#xff09;\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684&#xff0c;&#xff08;b&#xff09;\u5f15\u8d77\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;&#xff08;c&#xff09;\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005&#xff0c;\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u53cd&#xff0c;\u5178\u578b\u53d7\u52a8\u8005\u5219\u662f&#xff08;a&#xff09;\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684&#xff0c;&#xff08;b&#xff09;\u53d7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u201d&#xff0c;&#xff08;c&#xff09;\u201c\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u201d&#xff08;Dowty&#xff0c;1991&#xff09;\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u51fa&#xff0c;\u89c6\u89c9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u8bc6\u522b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u578b\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u539f\u578b\u53d7\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89d2\u8272\u7279\u5f81&#xff08;Hafri&#xff0c;Papafragou\u548cStrickland&#xff0c;2013&#xff09;\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8bb2\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u603b\u662f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f18\u5148\u63d0\u5230\u65bd\u52a8\u8005&#xff0c;\u800c\u540e\u63d0\u5230\u53d7\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d9\u8ff0\u5148\u540e\u504f\u597d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728&#xff08;Griffin\u548cBock&#xff0c;2000&#xff09;\u3002\u201c\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u4f18\u52bf\u201d\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u52a8\u4f5c\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u6548\u7387\u8981\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53d7\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u8bc6\u522b&#xff08;Germeys\u548cd&#039;Ydeville&#xff0c;2007&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h_1948893760059605502_6\">\u4e8c&#xff0e;\u666f\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7406\u89e3\u7406\u8bba&#xff08;SPECT&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>SPECT&#xff08;Loschky&#xff0c;Hutson&#xff0c;Smith&#xff0c;Smith\u548cMagliano&#xff0c;2018&#xff1b;Loschky&#xff0c;Larson&#xff0c;Smith\u548cMaglianod&#xff0c;2020&#xff09;\u662f\u5c06\u573a\u666f\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u7406\u89e3\u7b49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u9759\u6001\u523a\u6fc0&#xff08;\u5982\u6f2b\u753b&#xff09;\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u523a\u6fc0&#xff08;\u5982\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u620f\u5267\u3001\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u89c6\u89c9&#xff09;\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a&#xff0c;SPECT\u5206\u4e3a\u524d\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u3001\u540e\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u524d\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u773c\u52a8\u671f\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u524d\u8005\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u773c\u52a8\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u89c6\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63d0\u53d6&#xff0c;\u540e\u8005\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5bf9\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u5206\u5e03&#xff0c;\u5373\u63a7\u5236\u540e\u7eed\u773c\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1b;\u800c\u540e\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u5219\u8de8\u591a\u4e2a\u773c\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185&#xff0c;\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5305\u62ec&#xff08;a&#xff09;\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u5efa&#xff0c;\u5373\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;&#xff08;b&#xff09;\u6620\u5c04&#xff0c;\u5373\u5c06\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u5230\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d&#xff0c;&#xff08;c&#xff09;\u5207\u6362&#xff0c;\u5373\u5f53\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u6574\u5408\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u3002SPECT\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff08;\u524d\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff09;\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;\u540e\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff09;\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u7684&#xff0c;\u5373\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u524d\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u548c\u540e\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7136\u800cSPECT\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5373\u6267\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6700\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u6210\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u60c5\u666f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f3c\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u8bed\u4e49\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff08;Hintzman&#xff0c;1988&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"img-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"537\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260202154104-6980c5901d1dd.png\" width=\"401\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">\u56fe2<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h_1948893760059605502_7\">1.\u524d\u7aef\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u524d\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u773c\u52a8\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6&#xff0c;\u5373\u4ece\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u5f81&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u5f81\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d&#xff1b;\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9&#xff0c;\u5373\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u773c\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;a&#xff09;\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6 \u5728\u8be5\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4ea7\u751f\u573a\u666f\u7c7b\u522b&#xff08;\u573a\u666f\u4e3b\u65e8&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u80fd\u72ed\u7a84\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u7269\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u5e38&#xff0c;\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb&#xff08;\u66f4\u7c97\u7565&#xff09;\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u66f4\u72ed\u7a84&#xff08;\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6&#xff09;\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb&#xff08;Fei-Fei&#xff0c;lyer&#xff0c;Koch\u548cPerona&#xff0c;2007&#xff09;\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6ce8\u89c6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u5230\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u611f\u77e5\u573a\u666f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;\u4ece\u8f83\u4e0a\u4f4d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u7c7b\u522b&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5ba4\u5185\u573a\u666f&#xff09;\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7c7b\u522b&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u53a8\u623f&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u5bf9\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u9884\u671f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u6ce8\u89c6\u65f6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u9009\u62e9&#xff08;Eckstein&#xff0c;Drescher\u548cShimozaki&#xff0c;2006&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5982\u83dc\u5200\u4e00\u822c\u5904\u4e8e\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4&#xff08;\u4e0a\u4e2d\u4e0b&#xff09;\u3002\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u7269&#xff08;\u7537\u5b69\u3001\u7f51\u3001\u6876\u3001\u72d7\u3001\u6811\u5e72\u7b49&#xff09;\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u6ce8\u89c6\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b&#xff08;Fei-Fei&#xff0c;lyer&#xff0c;Koch\u548cPerona&#xff0c;2007&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u7269&#xff08;\u5982\u201c\u9752\u86d9\u201d&#xff09;\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u592a\u5c0f\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5916\u5468\u89c6\u89c9\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6&#xff08;\u901a\u8fc7\u773c\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u592e\u51f9\u89c2\u5bdf&#xff09;&#xff08;Nelson\u548cLoftus&#xff0c;1980&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u57fa\u672c\u7ea7\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5982\u201c\u5954\u8dd1\u4e0b\u5c71\u201d&#xff09;\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u6b21\u773c\u52a8\u624d\u80fd\u63d0\u53d6&#xff08;Larson&#xff0c;2012&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63d0\u53d6&#xff08;\u5982\u201c\u7537\u5b69\u62ff\u7740\u6355\u866b\u7f51\u548c\u6c34\u6876\u201d&#xff09;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u6b21\u7684\u773c\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u6b21\u773c\u52a8&#xff0c;\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u9010\u4e00\u63d0\u53d6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u79ef\u7d2f&#xff08;Hollingworth\u548cHenderson&#xff0c;2002&#xff1b;Pertzov&#xff0c;Avidan\u548cZohary&#xff0c;2009&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;b&#xff09;\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u6ce8\u89c6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u773c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4f1a\u6084\u6084\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u6ce8\u89c6\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684&#xff08;Deubel\u548cSchneider&#xff0c;1996&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u53d7\u5230\u5185\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd&#xff0c;\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5438\u5f15\u529b&#xff0c;\u5185\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u523a\u6fc0\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u662f\u7531\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684&#xff0c;\u5373\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c06\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u66f4\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u6ce8\u610f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u4eae\u5ea6\u3001\u989c\u8272\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u52a1\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u5bfb\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7b49&#xff08;\u201c17-1&#xff1a;\u6ce8\u610f\u201d\u548c\u201c9-15&#xff1a;\u89c6\u89c9\u6ce8\u610f\u201d&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u663e\u8457\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;Garcia-Diaz&#xff0c;Fdez-Vidal&#xff0c;Pardo\u548cDosil&#xff0c;2009&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u663e\u8457\u6027\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u56fe\u50cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65b9\u5411&#xff0c;\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u56fe\u50cf\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u6700\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u79cd\u663e\u8457\u6027&#xff0c;\u56fe3&#xff08;a&#xff09;\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u663e\u8457\u6027\u7684\u533a\u57df&#xff08;\u5373\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u89c2\u4f17\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u533a\u57df&#xff09;\u662f\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u6811\u7684\u817f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027&#xff0c;\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e8639\u540d\u88ab\u8bd5\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u6b64\u56fe\u50cf\u65f6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6ce8\u89c6\u70b9\u5e73\u5747\u56fe&#xff0c;\u5373\u56fe3&#xff08;b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4e24\u5f20\u56fe\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"img-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260202154104-6980c59034b04.png\" width=\"289\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">\u56fe3&#xff08;a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/20260202154104-6980c590462ab.png\" width=\"290\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">\u56fe3&#xff08;b&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u6ce8\u610f\u65b9\u9762&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6548\u5e94\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u641c\u7d22\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u76ee\u6807&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5bfb\u627e\u70df\u56f1&#xff09;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u70df\u56f1\u5728\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u9876\u90e8&#xff09;\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb&#xff08;Eckstein&#xff0c;Drescher\u548cShimozaki&#xff0c;2006&#xff1b; Torralba&#xff0c;Oliva&#xff0c;Castelhano\u548cHenderson\u7b49\u4eba&#xff0c;2006&#xff09;\u3002\u5728SPECT\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff0c;\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89e6\u53d1&#xff08;Moss&#xff0c;Schunn&#xff0c;Schneider\u548cMcNamara\u7b49\u4eba&#xff0c;2011&#xff09;\u3002\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u6ce8\u89c6\u671f\u95f4&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u6ce8\u89c6\u529b\u805a\u7126\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u8303\u56f4&#xff1b;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u573a\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u533a\u57df\u3002\u89c6\u89c9\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u524d2\u79d2\u5c5e\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u65f6\u89c2\u4f17\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u56fe\u50cf\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u573a\u666f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u773c\u8df3\u8ddd\u79bb\u8f83\u957f&#xff0c;\u8868\u660e\u5176\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03&#xff1b;\u51dd\u89c6\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed&#xff0c;\u8868\u660e\u4ec5\u8fdb\u884c\u6d45\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7136\u540e&#xff0c;\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u76844\u81f36\u79d2\u5185\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7126\u70b9\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u89c2\u4f17\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u56fe\u50cf\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u573a\u666f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u773c\u8df3\u8ddd\u79bb\u8f83\u77ed&#xff0c;\u8868\u660e\u5176\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u51dd\u89c6\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f&#xff0c;\u8868\u660e\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5904\u7406&#xff08;Pannasch&#xff0c;Helmert&#xff0c;Roth\u548cHerbold\u7b49\u4eba&#xff0c;2008&#xff1b;Smith\u548cMital&#xff0c;2013&#xff09;\u3002\u53e6\u5916&#xff0c;\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0&#xff0c;\u5728\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u773c\u8df3\u8ddd\u79bb\u8f83\u957f&#xff0c;\u51dd\u89c6\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u56fe\u50cf&#xff0c;\u5e73\u5747\u626b\u89c6\u89c6\u89c9\u89d2\u5ea6\u5927\u7ea6\u57285\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u8fb9\u754c\u56fe\u50cf&#xff0c;\u5219\u5927\u7ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8620%&#xff08;\u4ece5\u5ea6\u964d\u81f34\u5ea6&#xff09;\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u56fe\u50cf&#xff0c;\u5e73\u5747\u6ce8\u89c6\u65f6\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u957f&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u6bd4\u975e\u8fb9\u754c\u56fe\u50cf\u616222%\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0eSPECT\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u5373\u5728\u65b0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6&#xff0c;\u89c2\u770b\u8005\u4ee5\u73af\u5883\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a2\u7d22\u56fe\u50cf&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u89c2\u770b\u8005\u5219\u4ee5\u7126\u70b9\u6a21\u5f0f\u5173\u6ce8\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5c31SPECT\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u7aef\u673a\u5236\u800c\u8a00&#xff0c;\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u626b\u89c6\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u9009\u62e9\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8bc1\u636e&#xff0c;\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6\u5c06\u88ab\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u53d8\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173&#xff0c;\u5373\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u79cd\u63a8\u8bba&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u5230\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u8f6c\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6ce8\u89c6\u671f\u95f4&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u540e\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u524d\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5f53\u7136&#xff0c;\u89c6\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd&#xff0c;\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684&#xff08;\u6f2b\u753b\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u6545\u4e8b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684&#xff08;\u7535\u89c6\u8282\u76ee\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u7535\u5f71&#xff09;\u3002\u540e\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u8981\u5206\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b&#xff0c;\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u9009\u62e9\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c6\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u773c\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6700\u5f3a\u523a\u6fc0\u7279\u5f81&#xff08;Carmi\u548cItti&#xff0c;2006&#xff1b;Mital&#xff0c;Smith&#xff0c;Hill\u548cHenderson&#xff0c; 2010&#xff09;\u3002\u76f8\u53cd&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u53d9\u4e8b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7279\u5f81&#xff0c;\u800c\u89c2\u770b\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u8282\u594f\u7684&#xff08;\u5982\u88ab\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u968f\u610f\u5207\u6362&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u7aef\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u662f&#xff0c;\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u9009\u62e9\u5373\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u773c\u775b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u5373\u5728\u6ce8\u89c6\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u8be5\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"h_1948893760059605502_8\">2.\u540e\u7aef\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n<p>\u540e\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9&#xff08;\u65f6\u7a7a\u6846\u67b6&#xff09;\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53&#xff08;\u4eba\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u7269\u4f53&#xff09;\u3001\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u989c\u8272\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u76ee\u6807&#xff09;\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u7cfb\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3001\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49&#xff09;\u7b49\u7b49&#xff08;Magliano&#xff0c;Miller\u548cZwaan&#xff0c;2001&#xff1b;Zwaan&#xff0c;Magliano\u548cGraesser&#xff0c;1995&#xff1b;Zwaan\u548cRadvansky&#xff0c;1998)&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a&#xff0c;SPECT\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u540e\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u6620\u5c04\u4ee5\u53ca\u5207\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u5efa<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u5efa\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u60c5\u666f\u6a21\u578b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u5355\u5143&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u547d\u9898\u6216\u77e5\u89c9\u6a21\u62df&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u968f\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u4fe1\u606f\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u4e0d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7ed3\u6784&#xff08;Gernsbacher, 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