\u597d\u7684，\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8C++\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u662fC++\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u7f16\u5199\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nbool compare(T a, T b) {
\n return a > b;
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5168\u7279\u5316：\u9488\u5bf9const char*
\ntemplate <>
\nbool compare<const char*>(const char* a, const char* b) {
\n return strcmp(a, b) > 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u5316，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6307\u9488\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7ec4\u5408：<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nclass Vector { \/* \u901a\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0 *\/ };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u504f\u7279\u5316：\u9488\u5bf9\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b
\ntemplate <typename T>
\nclass Vector<T*> {
\npublic:
\n void clear() {
\n \/\/ \u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u6307\u9488\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u903b\u8f91
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97，\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
template <int N>
\nstruct Factorial {
\n static const int value = N * Factorial<N – 1>::value;
\n};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6
\ntemplate <>
\nstruct Factorial<0> {
\n static const int value = 1;
\n};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528：\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8ba1\u7b975!
\nint result = Factorial<5>::value; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa120<\/p>\n
\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u66ff\u6362\u5931\u8d25\u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
template <typename T, typename = void>
\nstruct is_iterable : false_type {};<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nstruct is_iterable<T, void_t<decltype(begin(declval<T>()))>> : true_type {};<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nenable_if_t<is_iterable<T>::value, void> print(const T& container) {
\n for (auto& item : container) cout << item << " ";
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nvoid print(T t) {
\n cout << t << endl;
\n}<\/p>\n
template <typename T, typename… Args>
\nvoid print(T t, Args… args) {
\n cout << t << " ";
\n print(args…); \/\/ \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528
\n}<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5316\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n
template <typename… Args>
\nauto sum(Args… args) {
\n return (args + …); \/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e (arg1 + (arg2 + …))
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528using\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u578b：<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nusing Vec = std::vector<T, MyAllocator<T>>; \/\/ \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/p>\n
Vec<int> v; \/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e std::vector<int, MyAllocator<int>><\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u5ff5（Concepts）\u663e\u5f0f\u7ea6\u675f\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nconcept Addable = requires(T a, T b) {
\n { a + b } -> std::convertible_to<T>;
\n};<\/p>\n
template <Addable T>
\nT add(T a, T b) {
\n return a + b;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u5408std::forward\u5b9e\u73b0\u6cdb\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u8f6c\u53d1：<\/p>\n
template <typename… Args>
\nvoid logAndCall(Args&&… args) {
\n log("Function called");
\n targetFunc(std::forward<Args>(args)…);
\n}<\/p>\n
template <typename T>
\nvoid process() {
\n static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, "T must be numeric");
\n}<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u672f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u597d\u7684，\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8C\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u662fC\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u7f16\u5199\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316（Template Specialization）\u5f53\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u5316\u30021. \u5168\u7279\u5316（Full Specialization）\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0：template
\nbool <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-70565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c"],"yoast_head":"\n