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    • \u7528\u6237\u6001\u5229\u7528\u7387\u9ad8：\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e94\u7528\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u672c\u8eab\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u7cfb\u7edf\u6001\u5229\u7528\u7387\u9ad8：\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528（\u5982\u6587\u4ef6IO\u3001\u7f51\u7edcIO），\u53ef\u80fd\u6697\u793a\u7740\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f4e\u6548（\u4f8b\u5982，\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199）\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4e2d\u65ad\u5229\u7528\u7387\u9ad8：\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u6216\u78c1\u76d8IO\u538b\u529b\u6781\u5927，\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u786c\u4ef6\u6216\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n
    • IO\u7b49\u5f85\u9ad8（%iowait）：\u8fd9\u4e0d\u7b97\u771f\u6b63\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528，\u4f46\u610f\u5473\u7740CPU\u56e0\u7b49\u5f85IO\u800c\u7a7a\u95f2\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u53f7：\u74f6\u9888\u4e0d\u5728CPU，\u800c\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7ed9CPU\u6269\u5bb9\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684，\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5728\u865a\u62df\u5316\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u548c\u865a\u62df\u673a\/\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c，\u56e0\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u5316\u5c42\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u201cCPU\u79ef\u5206\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7a81\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u201d\u673a\u5236，\u66f4\u662f\u8ba9\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u79ef\u5206\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790：\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5728\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u7801\u519c\u573a\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u673a\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230Kubernetes\u5bb9\u5668\u5e73\u53f0\u65f6，\u9047\u5230\u4e86CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u673a\u65f6\u4ee3，\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u7801\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5360\u6ee1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684100%，\u76d1\u63a7\u76f4\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5e73\u53f0，\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6c\u7801Pod\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86CPU\u8bf7\u6c42（request）\u548c\u9650\u5236（limit）\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0，\u6709\u65f6\u5bb9\u5668\u5185top\u663e\u793a\u7684CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1100%，\u4f46Kubernetes\u76d1\u63a7\u663e\u793a\u8be5Pod\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5176limit，\u4e14\u8282\u70b9\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0，\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u201c\u8282\u6d41\u201d（Throttling）\u4e0a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684CPU limit，\u5f53\u5bb9\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7a81\u53d1\u4f7f\u7528CPU\u65f6，Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684CFS\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u201c\u8282\u6d41\u201d，\u5f3a\u5236\u8ba9\u5176\u6682\u505c，\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408limit\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u53d8\u6162（\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d），\u4f46\u76d1\u63a7\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5374\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7\u5bb9\u5668\u7684cpu.stat\u4e2d\u7684throttled_time\u6307\u6807\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u8bf4\u660e，\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u201c\u9650\u989d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8282\u6d41\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807（\u5982\u8f6c\u7801\u901f\u5ea6）\u201d\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u770b，\u624d\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6700\u7ec8，\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c03\u6574\u4e86\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u7b56\u7565：\u4ece\u201c\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u5e73\u5747\u5229\u7528\u7387\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6027\u80fd（\u65e0\u8282\u6d41）\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b，\u63d0\u5347\u88c5\u7bb1\u7387\u201d，\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u8282\u6d41\u7387\u5728\u5185\u7684\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

      7.3 \u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u666f\u56fe：\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u5230\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u5e73\u53f0<\/h4>\n

      \u83b7\u53d6CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u968f\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u5230\u9876\u5c42\u3001\u4ece\u4e34\u65f6\u8bca\u65ad\u5230\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5，\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u7c92\u5ea6\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42：\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177
      \n\u8fd9\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • top\/htop：\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u56fe\u3002top\u5c55\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ea7\u522b\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528，htop\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u548c\u6811\u72b6\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u6237\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n
      • vmstat：\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u91c7\u6837，\u63d0\u4f9b\u5305\u62ecCPU（us, sy, id, wa, st\u7b49）\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001IO\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u89c8\u3002\u5176\u201cst\u201d（steal time）\u6307\u6807\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981，\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u201c\u5077\u8d70\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4，\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u8f7d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n
      • mpstat -P ALL：\u8fd9\u662f\u5206\u6790\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5229\u7528\u7387，\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0d\u5747\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/li>\n
      • pidstat：\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea7\u522b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f8b\u5982pidstat -u -p <PID> 2 5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf2\u79d2\u91c7\u6837\u4e00\u6b21，\u8fde\u7eed5\u6b21，\u62a5\u544a\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u5206（\u7528\u6237\/\u7cfb\u7edf），\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u6781\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42：\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u91c7\u96c6\u4ee3\u7406
        \n\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89c4\u6a21\u8fbe\u5230\u6570\u5341\u4e0a\u767e\u53f0\u65f6，\u624b\u52a8\u767b\u5f55\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u9700\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u4ee3\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u5b9a\u671f\u91c7\u96c6\u5e76\u4e0a\u62a5\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u4f20\u7edfAgent：\u5982Collectd\u3001Telegraf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8f7b\u91cf\u9ad8\u6548，\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6bcf10\u79d2\u6216\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u8bfb\u53d6\/proc\/stat\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6，\u8ba1\u7b97CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5982Graphite\u6216InfluxDB\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \/proc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf：\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5934\u3002\/proc\/stat\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u81ea\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8ba1\u6570（user, nice, system, idle, iowait\u2026）\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u91c7\u6837\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6，\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u5dee\u503c\u9664\u4ee5\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u503c，\u5373\u53ef\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u91c7\u6837\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u7684\u5e73\u5747CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42：\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u5e73\u53f0
          \n\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d，\u76d1\u63a7\u7406\u5ff5\u5347\u7ef4\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n
          • cAdvisor：Kubernetes\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，cAdvisor\u81ea\u52a8\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a，\u6536\u96c6\u5bb9\u5668\u7ea7\u522b\u7684CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7Metrics API\u66b4\u9732\u3002<\/li>\n
          • Prometheus：\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7Node Exporter\u91c7\u96c6\u4e3b\u673a\u6307\u6807（\u5305\u62ec\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684CPU\u6307\u6807），\u901a\u8fc7\u6293\u53d6（Pull）\u6a21\u5f0f\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u805a\u5408\u4e0e\u5206\u6790，\u4f8b\u5982：\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u6240\u6709Web\u670d\u52a1Pod\u7684\u5e73\u5747CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387：avg(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{container="web"}[5m])) * 100\u3002<\/li>\n
          • eBPF：\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u6c99\u76d2\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6781\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4f7f\u7528BCC\u6216bpftrace\u5de5\u5177，\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u8ffd\u8e2a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6d88\u8017\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4，\u6216\u8005\u7ed8\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u7684CPU\u706b\u7130\u56fe，\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6027\u80fd\u70ed\u70b9\u7cbe\u51c6\u65e0\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790：\u7535\u5546\u5de8\u5934\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5728\u5176\u5e9e\u5927\u7684AWS\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d，\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u5168\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u7f51\u7ad9：<\/p>\n

          • \u6bcf\u53f0EC2\u5b9e\u4f8b：\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Amazon CloudWatch\u4ee3\u7406，\u4ee5\u79d2\u7ea7\u7c92\u5ea6\u91c7\u96c6\u5305\u62ecCPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6570\u5341\u9879\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u6807，\u53d1\u9001\u81f3CloudWatch\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5173\u952e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42：\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8eeBPF\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u6027\u80fd\u5256\u6790\u5de5\u5177（\u5982\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u6e90\u7684Parca\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u5177）\u3002\u5728\u201cPrime Day\u201d\u5927\u4fc3\u524d，\u6027\u80fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177，\u5bf9\u8ba2\u5355\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u6301\u7eed\u7684CPU\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u91c7\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bdf\u89c9\u7684\u95ee\u9898：\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e93\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u5316JSON\u65f6，\u56e0\u4e00\u5904\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9501\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684CPU\u81ea\u65cb\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u540e，\u5355\u5b9e\u4f8b\u627f\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u4e8615%\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5168\u5c40\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c6\u56fe：\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6c47\u603b\u540e，\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807（\u5982\u6bcf\u79d2\u8ba2\u5355\u91cf）\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u5e73\u53f0（\u5185\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cOne Observability\u201d）\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5e73\u53f0\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e1a\u52a1\u91cf\u4e0eCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b（\u5982\u524d\u4e00\u7ae0\u6240\u8ff0），\u5e76\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u5bb9\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u3002
            \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86，\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7684\/proc\/stat\u91c7\u96c6，\u5230\u5148\u8fdb\u7684eBPF\u52a8\u6001\u8ffd\u8e2a，\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5e76\u5b58\u4e14\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c，\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u770b\u5230\u6570\u5b57\u201d\u5230\u201c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u6839\u56e0\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u9636\u3002<\/li>\n

            7.4 \u6574\u673aCPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u9677\u9631<\/h4>\n

            \u8ba1\u7b97\u6574\u673aCPU\u5229\u7528\u7387，\u770b\u4f3c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51cf\u6cd5（100% – %idle），\u4f46\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d，\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u76d1\u63a7，\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u9677\u9631\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u6e90\/proc\/stat\u5f00\u59cb：<\/p>\n

            cpu 1023456 20123 456789 90123456 12345 0 5678 0 0 0
            \ncpu0 123456 3456 … <\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u201ccpu\u201d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868（\u5355\u4f4d：USER_HZ，\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a1\/100\u79d2）：user, nice, system, idle, iowait, irq, softirq, steal, guest, guest_nice\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u6807\u51c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n

          • \u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9t1，\u8bfb\u53d6\/proc\/stat\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c，\u83b7\u53d6\u5404\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u503c：user1, nice1, system1, idle1, iowait1, …<\/li>\n
          • \u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u91c7\u6837\u95f4\u9694（\u59825\u79d2）\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9t2，\u518d\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6，\u5f97\u5230：user2, nice2, …<\/li>\n
          • \u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee：total_diff = (user2 – user1) + (nice2 – nice1) + (system2 – system1) + (idle2 – idle1) + …<\/li>\n
          • \u8ba1\u7b97\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee：idle_diff = (idle2 – idle1) + (iowait2 – iowait1)\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u901a\u5e38\u5c06iowait\u4e5f\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7b49\u5f85（\u7a7a\u95f2）\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n
          • CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387 = (total_diff – idle_diff) \/ total_diff * 100%<\/li>\n

            \u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9677\u9631\u4e0e\u8003\u91cf：<\/p>\n

          • \u9996\u6b21\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u201c\u51b7\u542f\u52a8\u201d\u95ee\u9898：\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u91c7\u6837，\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u662f\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76d1\u63a7\u4ee3\u7406\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u503c\/\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u77ac\u65f6\u5229\u7528\u7387，\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e24\u6b21\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u5dee\u503c，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u591a\u6838\u4e0e\u8d85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u805a\u5408：\u662f\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c，\u8fd8\u662f\u6c42\u548c？\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5c55\u793a\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u201d，\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u6ce8\u610f，\u4e00\u4e2a4\u68388\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684CPU，\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u5927\u5e73\u5747\u5229\u7528\u7387\u662f100%，\u5373\u4f7f\u6240\u67098\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u8dd1\u6ee1，\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e5f\u662f100%，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f800%\u3002\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u65f6\u9700\u660e\u786e\u6807\u6ce8\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u201cSteal Time\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027：\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，steal\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7b49\u5f85\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u5206\u914dCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u9ad8steal\u503c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u673a\u8d85\u5356\u4e25\u91cd，\u90bb\u5c45\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6b63\u5728\u62a2\u593a\u4f60\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e91\u4e0a\u7528\u6237\u5224\u65ad\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u7531\u5e95\u5c42\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u201cGuest Time\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97：guest\u548cguest_nice\u662f\u865a\u62df\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u81ea\u8eab\u5ba2\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u82b1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4，\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u5728user\u548cnice\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u6bcd\u53d8\u5927，\u4f7f\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u504f\u4f4e\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u51cf\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u91c7\u6837\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u5e73\u8861：\u79d2\u7ea7\u91c7\u6837\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u5230\u77ac\u65f6\u7684\u5c16\u5cf0，\u4f46\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e，\u5bf9\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u9020\u6210\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\u91c7\u6837\u66f4\u7ecf\u6d4e，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u9519\u8fc7\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6298\u4e2d\u65b9\u6848\u662f：\u4ee3\u7406\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u9891\u91c7\u6837（\u5982\u6bcf\u79d2），\u4f46\u5728\u4e0a\u62a5\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408（\u5982\u4e0a\u62a51\u5206\u949f\u5185\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3001\u6700\u5927\u503c\u300199\u5206\u4f4d\u503c）\u3002<\/li>\n

            \u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790：\u4e2d\u56fd\u67d0\u5927\u578b\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u81ea\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65f6，\u5176\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6d3b\u52a8\u671f\u95f4，\u76d1\u63a7\u5927\u76d8\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u90fd\u5f02\u5e38\u504f\u4f4e（\u4f4e\u4e8e30%），\u4f46\u5e94\u7528\u5374\u666e\u904d\u544a\u8b66\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u4e00\u5ea6\u8bef\u5224\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u95ee\u9898，\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\u590d\u76d8\u53d1\u73b0，\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\u811a\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u853d\u7684Bug：\u811a\u672c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97total_diff\u65f6，\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5305\u542b\u4e86guest\u65f6\u95f4，\u4e14\u672a\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6ea2\u51fa\u56de\u7ed5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a，\/proc\/stat\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u662f64\u4f4d\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570，\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u5927\u4f46\u4ecd\u4f1a\u56de\u7ed5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u56de\u7ed5\u5224\u65ad，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8d1f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee，\u8fdb\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e，\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u9762\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e86\u76d1\u63a7\u57fa\u7840\u5e93，\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5，\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5f00\u6e90\u6807\u51c6\u5e93（\u5982libstatgrab）\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\u8bf4\u660e，\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u770b\u4f3c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51cf\u6cd5，\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u3001\u957f\u5468\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d，\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u540e\u6765，\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u5c06CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0b\u6c89\u5230\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757，\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6307\u6807，\u5f7b\u5e95\u89c4\u907f\u4e86\u91c7\u6837\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

            7.5 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ea7CPU\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790：\u7528\u6237\u6001\u3001\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u89c6\u89d2<\/h4>\n

            \u6574\u673a\u5229\u7528\u7387\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u7e41\u5fd9，\u4f46\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0bCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684，\u662f\u56de\u7b54：\u201c\u662f\u8c01\u6d88\u8017\u4e86CPU\u8d44\u6e90？\u201d<\/p>\n

            \u57fa\u7840\u65b9\u6cd5：\u901a\u8fc7\/proc\/[pid]\/stat\u548c\/proc\/[pid]\/task
            \n\u4e0e\u6574\u673a\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\/proc\/[pid]\/stat\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u6570\u5668（utime\u7528\u6237\u6001，stime\u5185\u6838\u6001）\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

            \u8fdb\u7a0bCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387 (%) = ((\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee) \/ (\u603bCPU\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee)) * 100<\/p>\n

            \u5176\u4e2d，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee = (\u5f53\u524dutime+\u5f53\u524dstime) – (\u4e0a\u6b21utime+\u4e0a\u6b21stime)；\u603bCPU\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u662f\u6574\u673a\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u7684\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u5dee\u503c（\u5373\u524d\u6587total_diff）\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u9636\u70b9：<\/p>\n

          • \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u805a\u5408：\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u5982Java\u5e94\u7528\u3001Nginx）\u7684\u603bCPU\u65f6\u95f4，\u662f\u5176\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u5728\/proc\/[pid]\/task\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b（LWP）\u3002\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017，\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u7d2f\u52a0\u3002\u5de5\u5177\u5982top\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b（Shift+H\u53ef\u5207\u6362）\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u805a\u5408\u89c6\u56fe，\u5df2\u5c06\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5bb9\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027：\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d，\u4ece\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\/proc\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bCPU\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5360\u5f88\u5c0f\u6bd4\u4f8b，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u591a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4ece\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2（cgroups）\u6765\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002cpuacct\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u5728\/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct\/\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86cpuacct.usage\u6587\u4ef6，\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8be5cgroup\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4（\u7eb3\u79d2）\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387，\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u8be5\u5bb9\u5668\u7684CPU\u4efd\u989d（quota\/period）\u800c\u8a00\u7684，\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5185\u6838\u6001\u65f6\u95f4(stime)\u9ad8\u4f01\u7684\u6839\u56e0：\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684stime\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8，\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5728\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528strace -c -p <PID>\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u7edf\u8ba1，\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u5256\u6790\u5de5\u5177perf\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec：\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u540c\u6b65\u5199\u5165\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9501\u7ade\u4e89（\u5982futex\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6fc0\u589e）\u3001\u6216\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5c0f\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u6536\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n

            \u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790：\u4e00\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9bSaaS\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a，\u5176\u6838\u5fc3Java\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u6279\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u6bb5，CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5468\u671f\u6027\u98d9\u5347\u3002\u4f7f\u7528top\u67e5\u770b，\u662fJava\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u5360\u7528\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u5355\u7eaf\u6269\u5bb9Java\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u4e14\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u6280\u672f\u56e2\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5256\u6790：<\/p>\n

          • \u9996\u5148\u7528pidstat -p <PID> -t 1，\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570CPU\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u7136\u540e，\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528jstack <PID>\u83b7\u53d6Java\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5806\u6808，\u7ed3\u5408pidstat\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0bID（TID），\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65，\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528perf record -p <PID> -g\u5bf9\u8be5Java\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u91c7\u6837，\u751f\u6210\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u3002\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u663e\u793a，\u5927\u91cf\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u82b1\u5728\u4e86JDBC\u9a71\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\u4e0a，\u800c\u4e0d\u662fSQL\u6267\u884c\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u6700\u7ec8\u6839\u56e0\u662f：\u6279\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e，\u4e14\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u4f18\u5316SQL\u8bed\u53e5，\u53ea\u83b7\u53d6\u5fc5\u9700\u5b57\u6bb5，\u5e76\u542f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u6d41\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6，\u5c06\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u7684CPU\u6d88\u8017\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8660%，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u3002
            \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ea7CPU\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41：\u4ecetop\/pidstat\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b9a\u4f4d，\u5230jstack\/perf\u5fae\u89c2\u5256\u6790，\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91（SQL）\u8fdb\u884c\u6839\u6cbb\u3002\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u52a0\u673a\u5668\u201d，\u66f4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u63a8\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4f18\u5316，\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u63d0\u5347\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b，\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5177\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/li>\n

            7.6 \u6784\u5efa\u7efc\u5408\u6548\u80fd\u753b\u50cf：\u8d85\u8d8aCPU\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n

            \u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u201cCPU\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6\u548c\u627f\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b，\u662f\u7531CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8IO\u3001\u7f51\u7edcIO\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u677f\u90fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u7efc\u5408\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb，\u7ed8\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u201c\u6548\u80fd\u753b\u50cf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

            1. \u78c1\u76d8IO\u901f\u7387：\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u8003\u91cf<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u6307\u6807：r\/s（\u8bfbIOPS）\u3001w\/s（\u5199IOPS）\u3001rkB\/s（\u8bfb\u541e\u5410）\u3001wkB\/s（\u5199\u541e\u5410）\u3001await（IO\u5e73\u5747\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4，\u6beb\u79d2）\u3001%util（\u8bbe\u5907\u7e41\u5fd9\u767e\u5206\u6bd4）\u3002\u4f7f\u7528iostat -x 1\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u610f\u4e49：\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684IO\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u9ad8await\u548c%util\u8868\u660e\u78c1\u76d8\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u662f\u968f\u673aIO（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u67e5\u8be2）\u8fd8\u662f\u987a\u5e8fIO（\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u8ffd\u52a0）\u3002SSD\u5bf9\u968f\u673aIO\u53cb\u597d，HDD\u5728\u987a\u5e8f\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u4e0a\u4ecd\u6709\u6210\u672c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5728\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8EBS\/\u4e91\u76d8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u57fa\u51c6\u548c\u7a81\u53d1\u989d\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              2. \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf：\u5173\u6ce8\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u74f6\u9888<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u6307\u6807：free（\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58）\u3001available（\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58，\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u56de\u6536\u7f13\u5b58）\u3001buffers\u3001cached\u3001Swap usage（\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u4f7f\u7528）\u3002\u66f4\u8981\u5173\u6ce8vmstat\u4e2d\u7684si（swap in）\u548cso（swap out），\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u6301\u7eed\u5927\u4e8e0，\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3，\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8dcc\u3002<\/li>\n
              • \u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u610f\u4e49：\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u96ea\u5d29\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u76d1\u63a7\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8b\u52bf，\u800c\u975e\u77ac\u65f6\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eJava\u7b49\u6709GC\u7684\u8bed\u8a00，\u8fd8\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u4ee3（Eden， Old Gen）\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u548cGC\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u8017\u65f6\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u9700\u4e0e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u548cJVM\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3. \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570：\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u6307\u6807：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf（ls \/proc\/<PID>\/fd | wc -l）\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u5c40\u5df2\u7528FD\u6570\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u610f\u4e49：\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u6027\u201d\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u670d\u52a1（\u5982\u201cC10k\u201d\u95ee\u9898），\u53ef\u80fd\u5728CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u6807\u8fd8\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u56e0\u8fbe\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7528\u6237\u9650\u5236\u800c\u7a81\u7136\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d，\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u578b，\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6eulimit（nofile, nproc）\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u7684pid_limit，\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7387（\u5982\u5df2\u7528FD\u6570\/\u603b\u9650\u5236\u6570）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  4. \u7f51\u7edcIO：\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u6307\u6807：bytes_in\/out（\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf）\u3001conns（\u8fde\u63a5\u6570，\u7279\u522b\u662fESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001）\u3001drops（\u4e22\u5305\u6570）\u3002\u4f7f\u7528iftop\u3001nethogs\u3001ss\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u610f\u4e49：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u5173\u3001API\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u4ee3\u7406（\u5982Nginx）\u7b49，\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u66f4\u65e9\u8fbe\u5230\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u9971\u548c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d，\u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d88\u8017\u4e5f\u9700\u7eb3\u5165\u6574\u4f53\u5bb9\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790：\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u76f4\u64ad\u670d\u52a1Twitch（\u6216\u56fd\u5185\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5e73\u53f0）\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u7edd\u4f73\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u63a8\u6d41\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u4e3b\u64ad\u7684\u63a8\u6d41\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u5206\u53d1\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u5bb9\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u89c6\u56fe：<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • CPU：\u76d1\u63a7\u89c6\u9891\u8f6c\u7801\u6a21\u5757（\u9ad8CPU\u6d88\u8017）\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d，\u7528\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8f6c\u7801\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u5185\u5b58：\u76d1\u63a7\u63a8\u6d41\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u4e22\u5f03\u89c6\u9891\u5e27\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u78c1\u76d8IO：\u76d1\u63a7\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u76f4\u64ad\u7247\u6bb5（\u7528\u4e8e\u65f6\u79fb\u56de\u770b）\u7684\u672c\u5730SSD\u6216NVMe\u78c1\u76d8\u7684IO\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u786e\u4fdd\u5199\u5165\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u7f51\u7edc：\u8fd9\u662f\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76d1\u63a7\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668：\n
                        \n
                      • \u5165\u7ad9\u5e26\u5bbd（\u6765\u81ea\u4e3b\u64ad）：\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e0a\u9650\u65f6，\u8c03\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u65b0\u4e3b\u64ad\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u51fa\u7ad9\u5e26\u5bbd（\u6d41\u5411\u89c2\u4f17）：\u7ed3\u5408CDN\u7b56\u7565，\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u8fb9\u7f18\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u6570：\u76d1\u63a7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570，\u9632\u6b62\u8fbe\u5230\u5185\u6838net.core.somaxconn\u7b49\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u7f51\u7edc\u4e22\u5305\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u7387：\u8fd9\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u76f4\u64ad\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e，\u9ad8\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u81ea\u52a8\u6d41\u91cf\u5207\u6362\u6216\u7f16\u7801\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u3002
                        \n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7814\u7684\u201c\u5bb9\u91cf\u8bc4\u5206\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5，\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u6307\u6807\u52a0\u6743\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a0-100\u7684\u5206\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u5206\u6570\u4f4e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u65f6，\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fbf\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1，\u5728\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a（\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u52a0\u673a\u5668\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u914d\u989d）\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5355\u4e00CPU\u89c6\u89d2\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u5206\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6a21\u578b，\u662f\u652f\u6491\u5176\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u6027\u70ed\u70b9\u76f4\u64ad（\u5982\u77e5\u540d\u8d5b\u4e8b）\u6d41\u91cf\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u603b\u7ed3：\u83b7\u53d6CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u8d77\u70b9，\u800c\u975e\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1，\u7406\u89e3\u5404\u79cd\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u9677\u9631，\u5e76\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u89e3\u8bfb\u4ece\u6574\u673a\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f，\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06CPU\u7f6e\u4e8e\u7531\u5185\u5b58\u3001IO\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e2d，\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f，\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837，\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u4e2d，\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u6307\u5bfc\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6d1e\u5bdf，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u201c\u88ab\u52a8\u6551\u706b\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4e3b\u52a8\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u8dc3\u8fc1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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                        \n7.1 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u5ea6\u57fa\u77f3：\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u4e0eCPU\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u7b56\u7565
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