{"id":69564,"date":"2026-01-31T20:49:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T12:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/69564.html"},"modified":"2026-01-31T20:49:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T12:49:12","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91%e7%a3%81%e7%9b%98%e4%b8%8eext%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/69564.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0eExt\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u78c1\u76d8<\/h2>\n

1.1\u5927\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n

\u78c1\u76d8，\u5373\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8（Hard Disk Drive，HDD），\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u78c1\u8bb0\u5f55\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u975e\u6613\u5931\u6027\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28，\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5386\u7ecf\u98de\u901f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fed\u4ee3，SSD \u7b49\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0，\u4f46\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u8f83\u4e3a\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d85\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5bb9\u91cf\u5728\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u9996\u9009\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u786c\u4ef6\u7531\u76d8\u7247\u3001\u78c1\u5934\u3001\u7535\u673a\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210，\u5176\u4e2d\u78c1\u5934\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u7b14，\u78c1\u76d8\u76d8\u7247\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7eb8，\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u78c1\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840：\u76d8\u7247\u8868\u9762\u6d82\u6709\u53ef\u78c1\u5316\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u6d82\u5c42，\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u65e0\u6570\u72ec\u7acb\u78c1\u7574\u5355\u5143，\u5728\u4e3b\u8f74\u9a6c\u8fbe\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b，\u76d8\u7247\u9ad8\u901f\u65cb\u8f6c，\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5165\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u901a\u8fc7\u78c1\u5934\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u78c1\u573a\u6539\u53d8\u78c1\u7574\u78c1\u6781\u65b9\u5411，\u4ee5\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 0 \u548c 1，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165；\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u5219\u5229\u7528\u7535\u78c1\u611f\u5e94，\u901a\u8fc7\u78c1\u7574\u78c1\u6781\u5207\u5272\u78c1\u5934\u7ebf\u5708\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u611f\u5e94\u7535\u6d41，\u8fd8\u539f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e，\u4e14\u78c1\u5316\u540e\u7684\u78c1\u6781\u65b9\u5411\u65ad\u7535\u540e\u4e0d\u6d88\u5931，\u5177\u5907\u5929\u7136\u7684\u975e\u6613\u5931\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u76d8\u7247\u5e76\u975e\u8089\u773c\u6240\u89c1\u7684\u5149\u6ed1\u6574\u4f53，\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u9762\u88ab\u89c4\u5212\u4e3a\u89c4\u6574\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784：\u4ee5\u76d8\u7247\u5706\u5fc3\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u591a\u5c42\u540c\u5fc3\u5706\u78c1\u9053，\u4ece\u5706\u5fc3\u5411\u5916\u5448\u7b49\u89d2\u5ea6\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5，\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u540c\u5fc3\u5706\u78c1\u9053\u505a\u5747\u5300\u7b49\u5206，\u6bcf\u4e00\u9053\u78c1\u9053\u88ab\u622a\u51fa\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u5706\u5f27\u6bb5，\u5c31\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u786c\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u4f4d\u6247\u533a（\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a512\u5b57\u8282）；\u800c\u76f8\u90bb\u4e24\u6761\u8f90\u5c04\u7ebf\u6bb5\u4e0e\u78c1\u9053\u5408\u56f4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6247\u5f62\u533a\u57df，\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6247\u9762\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u4e00\u5c42\u76d8\u7247\u7ed3\u6784，\u800c\u662f\u7531\u591a\u7247\u76d8\u7247\u53e0\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u76d8\u7247\u7ec4，\u5355\u5f20\u76d8\u7247\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u4e2a\u76d8\u9762\u5747\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u5b58\u50a8\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u76d8\u7247\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784，\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u76d8\u7247\u540c\u4e00\u78c1\u9053\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u67f1\u9762，\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u9762\u90fd\u914d\u5907\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u78c1\u5934，\u4e3b\u8f74\u9a6c\u8fbe\u5219\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u76d8\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u65cb\u8f6c\u52a8\u529b，\u6240\u6709\u78c1\u5934\u5728\u4f20\u52a8\u81c2\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u78c1\u9053（\u67f1\u9762）\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5207\u6362，\u9a6c\u8fbe\u4e0e\u4f20\u52a8\u81c2\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u68b0\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

1.3\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784，\u60f3\u8981\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\u5740（\u6247\u533a），\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u5c42\u9012\u8fdb\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u73b0：\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u67f1\u9762（Cylinder）\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4f53\u533a\u57df\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5bfb\u5740，\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5f84\u5411\u4f4d\u7f6e；\u67f1\u9762\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u76d8\u7247\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u9762，\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u9762\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u78c1\u5934，\u56e0\u6b64\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u78c1\u5934（Head）\u5b8c\u6210\u5177\u4f53\u5b58\u50a8\u9762\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d；\u6700\u540e\u5728\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u67f1\u9762\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u9762\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u78c1\u9053\u4e0a，\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6247\u533a（Sector），\u5373\u53ef\u7cbe\u51c6\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7269\u7406\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f \u2014\u2014CHS \u5bfb\u5740，\u7531\u67f1\u9762\u3001\u78c1\u5934\u3001\u6247\u533a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210，\u5c42\u5c42\u7f29\u5c0f\u5bfb\u5740\u8303\u56f4，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u78c1\u76d8\u4efb\u610f\u6247\u533a\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

1.4\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n

4-1\u7406\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784，\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u5c06\u5176\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ef4\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u78c1\u5e26\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5165：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u6761\u78c1\u5e26，\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u62c9\u76f4\u94fa\u5e73，\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ef4\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784，\u90a3\u4e48\u540c\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u6761\u78c1\u9053，\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u78c1\u5e26\u4e00\u6837\u62c9\u76f4，\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ef4\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784，\u518d\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u78c1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u62bd\u8c61，\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u201c\u5c55\u5f00\u201d\u540e\u7684\u78c1\u9053\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u62fc\u63a5\u201d，\u6700\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u7f16\u5740，\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u76d8\u9762\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u5230\u4e00\u7ef4\u7ebf\u6027\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740，\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u53eb\u505aLBA\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7acb\u4f53\u78c1\u76d8\u7ed3\u6784，\u867d\u7136\u78c1\u76d8\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u76d8\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784，\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u67f1\u9762\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7531\u6240\u6709\u67f1\u9762\u201c\u5377\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u67f1\u9762\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4，\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8，\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u5417？\u4f46\u662f，\u901a\u8fc7c\/c++\u5b66\u4e60，\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053，\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5417？\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u8fd8\u662f\u4e09\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4，\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u78c1\u76d8\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u5316，\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u5740，\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e94\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e0b\u6807，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0b\u6807\u5c31\u662fLBA\u5730\u5740，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

4-2LBA\u5730\u5740\u4e0eCHS\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u5316<\/h4>\n

CHS\u8f6c\u6210LBA： <\/span><\/p>\n

—\u78c1\u5934\u6570*\u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570 = \u5355\u4e2a\u67f1\u2faf\u7684\u6247\u533a\u603b\u6570 <\/span><\/p>\n

—LBA = \u67f1\u2faf\u53f7C*\u5355\u4e2a\u67f1\u2faf\u7684\u6247\u533a\u603b\u6570 + \u78c1\u5934\u53f7H*\u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570 + \u6247\u533a\u53f7S – 1 <\/span><\/p>\n

—\u5373：LBA = \u67f1\u2faf\u53f7C*(\u78c1\u5934\u6570*\u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570) + \u78c1\u5934\u53f7H*\u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570 + \u6247\u533a\u53f7S – 1 <\/span><\/p>\n

—\u6247\u533a\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7684，\u2f7d\u5728LBA\u4e2d，\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684 <\/span><\/p>\n

—\u67f1\u2faf\u548c\u78c1\u9053\u90fd\u662f\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u7684 <\/span><\/p>\n

—\u603b\u67f1\u2faf，\u78c1\u9053\u4e2a\u6570，\u6247\u533a\u603b\u6570\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f，\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u5185\u90e8\u4f1a\u2f83\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4，\u4e0a\u5c42\u5f00\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u4f1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6570\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

LBA\u8f6c\u6210CHS：<\/span><\/p>\n

—\u67f1\u2faf\u53f7C = LBA \/\/ (\u78c1\u5934\u6570*\u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570)\u3010\u5c31\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u67f1\u2faf\u7684\u6247\u533a\u603b\u6570\u3011 <\/span><\/p>\n

—\u78c1\u5934\u53f7H = (LBA % (\u78c1\u5934\u6570*\u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570)) \/\/ \u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570 <\/span><\/p>\n

—\u6247\u533a\u53f7S = (LBA % \u6bcf\u78c1\u9053\u6247\u533a\u6570) + 1<\/span><\/p>\n

—\u201c\/\/": \u8868\u2f70\u9664\u53d6\u6574<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u7684\u6211\u4eec，\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f4\u89c2\u7b80\u5355\u7684LBA\u5730\u5740\u5373\u53ef，CHS\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u662f\u5185\u6838\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5165<\/span><\/h2>\n

2.1 \u201c\u5757\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n

\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230，\u78c1\u76d8\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8bfb\u5199\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6247\u533a，\u7ecf\u5178\u6807\u51c6\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 512 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u82e5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u6247\u533a\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8bbf\u95ee\u78c1\u76d8，\u4f1a\u56e0\u5355\u6b21\u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5c0f\u3001\u5bfb\u5740\u6b21\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6548\u7387\u504f\u4f4e，\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5757\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8bfb\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5757\u7531\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u7ec4\u6210，\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5757，\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a，\u4e14\u4e00\u65e6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539，\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 4KB，\u5373\u7531\u8fde\u7eed 8 \u4e2a 512 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6247\u533a\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u7684\u6247\u533a\u4e0d\u540c，\u5757\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u53d6\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d，\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u5747\u4ee5\u5757\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5ea6，\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u9053LBA：\u5757\u53f7 = LBA\/8 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u77e5\u9053\u5757\u53f7：LBA=\u5757\u53f7*8 + n (n\u662f\u5757\u5185\u7b2c\u2f0f\u4e2a\u6247\u533a)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

2.2 \u201c\u5206\u533a\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u53ef\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5206\u533a（partition），\u4ee5 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u4e00\u5757\u7269\u7406\u78c1\u76d8\u5e38\u88ab\u5206\u533a\u4e3a C\u3001D\u3001E \u7b49\u76d8\u7b26，\u5206\u533a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u57fa\u7840\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206；\u800c Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u5747\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406，\u5176\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u903b\u8f91\u5219\u4f9d\u6258\u786c\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1 \u2014\u2014\u67f1\u9762\u662f Linux \u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d，\u5206\u533a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u6307\u5b9a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u67f1\u9762\u4e0e\u7ed3\u675f\u67f1\u9762，\u901a\u8fc7\u5212\u5b9a\u67f1\u9762\u7684\u8303\u56f4，\u5b9e\u73b0\u7269\u7406\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5272\u4e0e\u72ec\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u67f1\u2faf（\u5206\u533a）\u8fdb\u2f8f\u5e73\u94fa，\u5c06\u5176\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f24\u7684\u5e73<\/span>\u2faf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3 \u201cinode\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6，\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210：\u5185\u5bb9+\u5c5e\u6027，\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4ls -l\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5143\u6570\u636e（\u5c5e\u6027）：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c5e\u6027\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4f9d\u6b21\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3001\u7ec4\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u8fd9\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u601d\u8003\u2f00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u2f42\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u5757\u201d\u4e2d，\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u663e\u7136，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u2f00\u4e2a\u5730\u2f45\u50a8\u5b58 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u4fe1\u606f（\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f），\u2f50\u5982\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u3001\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u2f47\u671f\u3001\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u2f24\u2f29\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u50a8\u5b58\u2f42\u4ef6\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u53eb\u505ainode（\u6ce8\u610f，\u5728linux\u7cfb\u7edf，\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u5f00\u50a8\u5b58），\u4e2d\u2f42\u8bd1\u540d\u4e3a\u201d\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0 -i\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e14\u552f\u4e00\u7684inode，\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f，\u90a3\u4e48\u6253\u5f00\u6e90\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u770b\u5230inode\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

struct ext2_inode {
\n__le16 i_mode; \/* File mode *\/
\n__le16 i_uid; \/* Low 16 bits of Owner Uid *\/
\n__le32 i_size; \/* Size in bytes *\/
\n__le32 i_atime; \/* Access time *\/
\n__le32 i_ctime; \/* Creation time *\/
\n__le32 i_mtime; \/* Modification time *\/
\n__le32 i_dtime; \/* Deletion Time *\/
\n__le16 i_gid; \/* Low 16 bits of Group Id *\/
\n__le16 i_links_count; \/* Links count *\/
\n__le32 i_blocks; \/* Blocks count *\/
\n__le32 i_flags; \/* File flags *\/
\nunion {
\nstruct {
\n__le32 l_i_reserved1;
\n} linux1;
\nstruct {
\n__le32 h_i_translator;
\n} hurd1;
\nstruct {
\n__le32 m_i_reserved1;
\n} masix1;
\n} osd1; \/* OS dependent 1 *\/
\n__le32 i_block[EXT2_N_BLOCKS];\/* Pointers to blocks *\/
\n__le32 i_generation; \/* File version (for NFS) *\/
\n__le32 i_file_acl; \/* File ACL *\/
\n__le32 i_dir_acl; \/* Directory ACL *\/
\n__le32 i_faddr; \/* Fragment address *\/
\nunion {
\nstruct {
\n__u8 l_i_frag; \/* Fragment number *\/
\n__u8 l_i_fsize; \/* Fragment size *\/
\n__u16 i_pad1;
\n__le16 l_i_uid_high; \/* these 2 fields *\/
\n__le16 l_i_gid_high; \/* were reserved2[0] *\/
\n__u32 l_i_reserved2;
\n} linux2;
\nstruct {
\n__u8 h_i_frag; \/* Fragment number *\/
\n__u8 h_i_fsize; \/* Fragment size *\/
\n__le16 h_i_mode_high;
\n__le16 h_i_uid_high;
\n__le16 h_i_gid_high;
\n__le32 h_i_author;
\n} hurd2;
\nstruct {
\n__u8 m_i_frag; \/* Fragment number *\/
\n__u8 m_i_fsize; \/* Fragment size *\/
\n__u16 m_pad1;
\n__u32 m_i_reserved2[2];
\n} masix2;
\n} osd2; \/* OS dependent 2 *\/
\n};
\n\/*
\n* Constants relative to the data blocks
\n*\/
\n#define EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS 12
\n#define EXT2_IND_BLOCK EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS
\n#define EXT2_DIND_BLOCK (EXT2_IND_BLOCK + 1)
\n#define EXT2_TIND_BLOCK (EXT2_DIND_BLOCK + 1)
\n#define EXT2_N_BLOCKS (EXT2_TIND_BLOCK + 1)<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f：inode\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c5e\u6027，\u5e76\u4e14\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c，\u4f46\u662f\u5c5e\u6027\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n

3.1\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u50a8\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6，\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u628a\u786c\u76d8\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u80fd\u50a8\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u6700\u5e38\u2ec5\u7684\u662f ext2 \u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5176\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u4e3a ext2，\u540e\u6765\u2f1c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa ext3 \u548c ext4\u3002 ext3 \u548c ext4 \u867d\u7136\u5bf9 ext2 \u8fdb\u2f8f\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a，\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u6838\u2f3c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u2f63\u53d8\u5316，\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u662f\u4ee5\u8f83\u2f7c\u7684 ext2 \u4f5c\u4e3a \u6f14\u2f70\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

ext2\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5212\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u2f32\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u2f24\u2f29\u7684\u5757\u7ec4 (Block Group)，\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u2f70\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u2f00\u4e2a \u5206\u533a\u5c31\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a，\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u2f42\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u5757（Boot Block\/Sector）\u7684\u2f24\u2f29\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684，\u4e3a1KB，\u7531PC\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a，\u2f64\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u4fe1 \u606f\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f，\u4efb\u4f55\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u542f\u52a8\u5757\u3002\u542f\u52a8\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u662fext2\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2dBlock Group\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u636e\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u5bf9\u5206\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5757\u7ec4\u5212\u5206，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4（Block Group）\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2\u5757\u7ec4\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u6210<\/h3>\n

2-1\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757（Super Block）<\/h4>\n

\u5b58\u653e\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u2f9d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f，\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709：block \u548cinode\u7684\u603b\u91cf，\u672a\u4f7f\u2f64\u7684block\u548cinode\u7684\u6570\u91cf，\u2f00\u4e2ablock\u548cinode\u7684\u2f24\u2f29，\u6700\u8fd1\u2f00\u6b21\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4，\u6700\u8fd1\u2f00\u6b21\u5199\u2f0a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4，\u6700\u8fd1\u2f00\u6b21\u68c0\u9a8c\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Super Block\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u7834\u574f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6574\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u90fd\u6709\u2f00\u4efd\u62f7\u2ec9（\u7b2c\u2f00\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709，\u540e\u2faf\u7684\u5757\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709）\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u90e8\u5206\u6247\u533a\u51fa\u73b0\u7269\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd8\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u2f2f\u4f5c，\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684super block\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684super block\u4f1a\u5728\u591a\u4e2ablock group\u4e2d\u8fdb\u2f8f\u5907\u4efd，\u8fd9\u4e9bsuper block\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u6301\u2f00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2-2\u5757\u7ec4\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868（GDT）<\/h4>\n

\u5757\u7ec4\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868，\u63cf\u8ff0\u5757\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f，\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5b58\u50a8\u2f00\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4 \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f，\u5982\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4ece\u54ea\u2fa5\u5f00\u59cb\u662finode Table，\u4ece\u54ea\u2fa5\u5f00\u59cb\u662fData <\/span><\/p>\n

Blocks，\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684inode\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5757\u7ec4\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u90fd\u6709\u2f00\u4efd\u62f7\u2ec9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2-3\u5757\u4f4d\u56fe（Block Bitmap）<\/h4>\n

Block Bitmap\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7740Data Block\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5360\u2f64，\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5360<\/span><\/p>\n

2-4inode\u4f4d\u56fe（Inode Bitmap）<\/h4>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2abit\u8868\u2f70\u2f00\u4e2ainode\u662f\u5426\u7a7a\u95f2\u53ef\u2f64\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2-5i\u8282\u70b9\u8868（Inode Table）<\/h4>\n

\u5b58\u653e\u2f42\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027 \u5982 \u2f42\u4ef6\u2f24\u2f29，\u6240\u6709\u8005，\u6700\u8fd1\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u7ec4\u6240\u6709Inode\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u5408 <\/span><\/p>\n

inode\u7f16\u53f7\u4ee5\u5206\u533a\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d，\u6574\u4f53\u5212\u5206，\u4e0d\u53ef\u8de8\u5206<\/span><\/p>\n

2-6Data Block<\/h4>\n

\u6570\u636e\u533a：\u5b58\u653e\u2f42\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f00\u4e2a\u7684Block\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u2f0f\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5： <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u2f42\u4ef6，\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e2d\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2f6c\u5f55，\u8be5\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u2f6c\u5f55\u540d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6240\u5728\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e2d，\u9664\u4e86\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u5916，ls -l\u547d\u4ee4 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684inode\u4e2d\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

Block \u53f7\u6309\u7167\u5206\u533a\u5212\u5206，\u4e0d\u53ef\u8de8\u5206\u533a<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3inode->Data Block\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/h3>\n

ext \u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，inode \u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u901a\u8fc7inode \u5185\u90e8\u7684\u76f4\u63a5 \/ \u95f4\u63a5\u6307\u9488\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684 \u2014\u2014inode \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u9884\u7559\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u4f4d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5757\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u7f16\u53f7，\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u9488 + \u4e00\u7ea7 \/ \u4e8c\u7ea7 \/ \u4e09\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u6307\u9488\u300d\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6548\u7387，\u53c8\u652f\u6301\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8，\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6620\u5c04\u903b\u8f91\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n

ext \u7cfb\u5217 inode \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709 15 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u6307\u9488\u4f4d（32 \u4f4d \/ 64 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ec5\u6307\u9488\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c，\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8），\u8fd9 15 \u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5206\u4e3a 4 \u7c7b，\u6309\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217，\u6240\u6709\u6307\u9488\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u533a\u5185\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5757\u53f7（\u800c\u975e\u5757\u7ec4\u5185\u504f\u79fb，\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5757\u53f7\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5757）：<\/p>\n

  • 12 \u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u9488：\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d 12 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757；<\/li>\n
  • 1 \u4e2a\u4e00\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u6307\u9488：\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u63a5\u5757（\u8be5\u5757\u4e0d\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e，\u4ec5\u5b58\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5757\u53f7）；<\/li>\n
  • 1 \u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u6307\u9488：\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u5757，\u8be5\u5757\u518d\u6307\u5411\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u5757，\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u4e8c\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u5757\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5757；<\/li>\n
  • 1 \u4e2a\u4e09\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u6307\u9488：\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u5757，\u7ecf\u4e09\u5c42\u95f4\u63a5\u5757\u540e，\u6700\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    \u6587\u4ef6\u65b0\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h5>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u603b\u7ed3，\u5176\u5b9e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b0\u589e\u662f\u4eceinode \u4f4d\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u9996\u4e2a\u503c\u4e3a 0（\u672a\u5360\u7528）\u7684 inode \u53f7\u5e76\u7f6e 1 \u2192 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8be5 inode \u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e（\u6743\u9650\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49） \u2192 \u4ece\u5757\u4f4d\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u503c\u4e3a 0（\u7a7a\u95f2）\u7684 data block \u5e76\u7f6e 1 \u2192 \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b data block \u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5757\u53f7\u5199\u5165 inode \u7684\u6307\u9488\u5b57\u6bb5 \u2192 \u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 data block，\u5b8c\u6210\u65b0\u589e\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5220\u9664\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355，\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 inode \u53f7 \u2192 \u6839\u636e inode \u6307\u9488\u5b57\u6bb5，\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684 data block，\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5757\u5728\u5757\u4f4d\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u9010\u4e00\u7f6e 0 \u2192 \u5c06\u8be5 inode \u53f7\u5728inode \u4f4d\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e 0，\u5e76\u6e05\u7a7a inode \u7684\u6307\u9488 \/ \u5143\u6570\u636e \u2192 \u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\u4e2d \u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d – inode \u53f7\u201d \u7684\u6620\u5c04（\u8ba9\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u4e0a\u5c42\u8bbf\u95ee）\u3002（\u6240\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8d28\u53ea\u662f\u7f6e0\u76f8\u5e94\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d，\u800c\u975e\u5220\u9664\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u5f53\u8bef\u5220\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u7740\u6025\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u8986\u76d6\u5f0f\u5199\u5165\u8bef\u5220\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u771f\u6b63\u4e22\u5931）<\/p>\n

    3.4\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/h3>\n

    4-1\u76ee\u5f55\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

    \u5728 Linux\/UNIX \u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf（\u5982 ext \u7cfb\u5217）\u4e2d，\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u300c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d – inode \u53f7\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u300d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6，\u5b83\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u62e5\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684 inode \u53f7\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 data block，\u9075\u5faa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e95\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219（\u5982\u4f4d\u56fe\u6807\u8bb0\u3001inode-data block \u6620\u5c04），\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c：\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 data block \u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e（\u5982\u6587\u672c\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49），\u800c\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 data block \u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u9879（dentry）\u2014\u2014 \u5373\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec4 \u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d + \u5bf9\u5e94 inode \u53f7\u201d \u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9，\u8fd9\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4，\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7ed3\u6784，\u800c\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0 \u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u6309\u540d\u67e5\u627e\u201d \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3001\u5177\u5907\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6，\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5e95\u5c42\u64cd\u4f5c（\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539）\u5747\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u81f4，\u4ec5\u4e0a\u5c42\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86 \u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6 \/ \u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u201d \u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n

    4-2\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/h4>\n

    \u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 \u201c\u6309\u540d\u67e5\u627e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d，\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8f7d\u4f53，\u4e8c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d – inode \u53f7\u6620\u5c04\u300d\u548c\u300cinode \u7684 data block \u6307\u9488\u300d\u5f62\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8def，\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b \u201c\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d，\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42 inode \u53f7\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5bfb\u5740\u903b\u8f91，\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u3001\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e76\u975e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6，inode \u53f7\u624d\u662f（inode \u53f7\u662f\u5206\u533a\u5185\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 ID），\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d，\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u8def\u5f84\u540d（\u5982\/home\/test\/file.txt）\u201d \u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6，\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb，\u9010\u5c42\u89e3\u6790\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u9879：<\/p>\n

    –\u89e3\u6790\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\/\u7684 data block，\u627e\u5230home\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 inode \u53f7；<\/p>\n

    –\u89e3\u6790home\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 data block，\u627e\u5230test\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 inode \u53f7；<\/p>\n

    –\u89e3\u6790test\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 data block，\u627e\u5230file.txt\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 inode \u53f7；\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7 inode \u53f7\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 inode，\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 inode \u7684\u6307\u9488\u627e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5757，\u5b8c\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8bf4inode\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u540d，\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86inode->\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u6620\u5c04，\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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