{"id":68378,"date":"2026-01-30T03:57:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T19:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/68378.html"},"modified":"2026-01-30T03:57:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T19:57:09","slug":"c-%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/68378.html","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u57fa\u7840\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"

C++ \u57fa\u7840\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h2>\n

C++\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u517c\u5177\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00，\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b8f\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u9ad8\u9891\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5165\u624b，\u592f\u5b9e\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e09\u7c7b\u6838\u5fc3\u5f62\u6001：\u5c40\u90e8\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u3001\u5168\u5c40<\/h3>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143，\u6839\u636e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02，\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4e09\u7c7b，\u5176\u7279\u6027\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5404\u6709\u4fa7\u91cd，\u662f\u7406\u89e3C++\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u5206\u7c7b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\/\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185<\/td>\n\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u521b\u5efa，\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u9500\u6bc1<\/td>\n\u672a\u8d4b\u503c\u5219\u503c\u968f\u673a<\/td>\n\u6808\u533a（stack）<\/td>\n\u5b58\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb，\u968f\u7528\u968f\u5f03，\u65e0\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u98ce\u9669<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8（\u5916\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee）<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u81f3\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c0<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\/BSS\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u679c，\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u81f3\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\/BSS\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u8de8\u51fd\u6570\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab，\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. \u5b9e\u7528\u573a\u666f\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf：\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b，\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e，\u6bd4\u5982\u5faa\u73af\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u53d8\u91cfint i，\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u503c\u7684int temp，\u7528\u5b8c\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u6808\u5185\u5b58，\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u65e0\u5197\u4f59\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf：\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u201c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u6bd4\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u61d2\u6c49\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    void<\/span> countCall<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n static<\/span> int<\/span> count =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u4ec5\u9996\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u540e\u7eed\u8c03\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u503c<\/span>
    \n cout <<<\/span> "\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570："<\/span> <<<\/span> ++<\/span>count <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>
    \n\/\/ \u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa1\u30012\u30013…<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf：\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u636e，\u6bd4\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3001\u8de8\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528，\u8fc7\u591a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5；\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u6ce8\u91ca，\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u7528static\u4fee\u9970\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5185，\u907f\u514d\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u4e8c\u3001\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528：C++\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h3>\n

      \u6307\u9488\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u662fC++\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027，\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u7528\u4e8e\u95f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u91cf，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4f46\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0a\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457，\u6b63\u786e\u533a\u5206\u662f\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

      1. \u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\u7279\u6027\u6307\u9488\u5f15\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u672c\u8d28<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf，\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d，\u65e0\u72ec\u7acb\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n\u53ef\u5ef6\u8fdf\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u53ef\u8bbe\u4e3anullptr（\u7a7a\u6307\u9488）<\/td>\n\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7a7a\u503c\/\u65e0\u6548\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u91cd\u65b0\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/td>\n\u53ef\u968f\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n\u4e00\u65e6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u7b26（*）\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u503c，\u6307\u9488\u79fb\u52a8\u7528-><\/td>\n\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c，\u65e0\u9700\u89e3\u5f15\u7528，\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n32\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf4\u5b57\u8282，64\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf8\u5b57\u8282（\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4）<\/td>\n\u65e0\u989d\u5916\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528，\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5904\u7406，\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u91ce\u6307\u9488\/\u60ac\u7a7a\u6307\u9488，\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5224\u7a7a<\/td>\n\u65e0\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528，\u53ea\u8981\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u5bf9\u8c61\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168，\u65e0\u9700\u5224\u7a7a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u652f\u6301\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u6307\u9488\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97（\u5982p++）\u3001\u591a\u7ea7\u6307\u9488（int**）<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97，\u65e0\u591a\u7ea7\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      2. \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \n

        \u6307\u9488\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d（new\/delete）：\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4int* arr = new int[10]\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61；<\/li>\n
        • \u904d\u5386\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784（\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u56fe）：\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9node->next，\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u904d\u5386；<\/li>\n
        • \u5904\u7406\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570：\u5141\u8bb8\u4f20\u9012nullptr\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u201d，\u9002\u914d\u591a\u573a\u666f\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528；<\/li>\n
        • \u591a\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee：\u5982\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488int** p，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u5916\u90e8\u6307\u9488；<\/li>\n
        • \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u591a\u4e2a\u503c：\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u90e8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n

          \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012：\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61（\u5982\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001std::string\u3001std::vector），\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f00\u9500，\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982void printString(const string& s)，\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u539f\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u975e\u521b\u5efa\u62f7\u8d1d；<\/li>\n
          • \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f18\u5316：\u5b9e\u73b0\u94fe\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528（\u5982cout << a << b，operator<<\u8fd4\u56deostream&），\u907f\u514d\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d；<\/li>\n
          • \u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u5f15\u7528：\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u786e\u4fdd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u81f4，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5c5e\u6027；<\/li>\n
          • \u66ff\u4ee3\u6307\u9488\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801：\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u6307\u9488，\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            3. \u6838\u5fc3\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • \u6307\u9488\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5224\u7a7a（if (p != nullptr)），\u907f\u514d\u91ce\u6307\u9488（\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316）\u3001\u60ac\u7a7a\u6307\u9488（\u6307\u5411\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58）\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83；<\/li>\n
            • \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf（\u5982int& a = 10;\u975e\u6cd5），\u9664\u975e\u662fconst\u5f15\u7528（const int& a = 10;\u5408\u6cd5，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61）；<\/li>\n
            • \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e（delete\/delete[]），\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f；\u5efa\u8bae\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488（std::unique_ptr\/std::shared_ptr）\u66ff\u4ee3\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u4e09\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/h3>\n

              C++\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u5176\u4e2dconst\u3001static\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7684\u8bed\u4e49，\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u9ad8\u6548C++\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n

              1. const：\u5e38\u91cf\u4fee\u9970\u7b26，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ea\u8bfb\u7279\u6027<\/h4>\n

              const\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb，\u53ef\u4fee\u9970\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7b49，\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u610f\u5916\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177，\u5176\u4fee\u9970\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u540c，\u8bed\u4e49\u4e5f\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u4fee\u9970\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf：const int max = 100，\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539，\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316；<\/li>\n
              • \u4fee\u9970\u6307\u9488：\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u573a\u666f，\u6838\u5fc3\u770bconst\u4e0e*\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e：\n
                  \n
                • \u6307\u9488\u5e38\u91cf（int* const p）：const\u4fee\u9970\u6307\u9488\u672c\u8eab，\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539，\u4f46\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4fee\u6539；<\/li>\n
                • \u6307\u5411\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u9488（const int* p）：const\u4fee\u9970\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c，\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539，\u4f46\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5411\u53ef\u4fee\u6539；<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • \u4fee\u9970\u5f15\u7528：const int& ref，\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb，\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5bf9\u8c61，\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f；<\/li>\n
                • \u4fee\u9970\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570：void show() const，\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u52a0const，\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf，\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5e38\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570；<\/li>\n
                • \u4fee\u9970\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570：void func(const int& x)，\u9632\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c，\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  2. static：\u9759\u6001\u4fee\u9970\u7b26，\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h4>\n

                  static\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650，\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c，\u6838\u5fc3\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\/\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7c7b\u5185\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf（\u51fd\u6570\u5185）：\u5ef6\u957f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u81f3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f，\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4ecd\u9650\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u5185，\u4ec5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21；<\/li>\n
                  • \u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570（\u6587\u4ef6\u5185）：\u5c06\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5185，\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u79c1\u6709\u201d，\u907f\u514d\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81；\u51fd\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5177\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027，\u52a0static\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5；<\/li>\n
                  • \u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf：\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u800c\u975e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e，\u9700\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u5355\u72ec\u521d\u59cb\u5316（int ClassName::var = 0），\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6bb5；<\/li>\n
                  • \u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570：\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u8c61，\u65e0\u9690\u5f0f\u7684this\u6307\u9488，\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458（\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570），\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528（ClassName::func()），\u65e0\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    3. new\/delete \u4e0e malloc\/free：\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n

                    new\/delete\u662fC++\u539f\u751f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，malloc\/free\u662fC\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u51fd\u6570，\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d，\u4f46\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u7279\u6027\u4e0a\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457，C++\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528new\/delete\u66ff\u4ee3malloc\/free\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u6027new\/deletemalloc\/free<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    \u672c\u8d28<\/td>\nC++\u8bed\u8a00\u539f\u751f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762<\/td>\nC\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570，\u9700\u5f15\u5165\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<cstdlib><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u5185\u5b58\u8ba1\u7b97<\/td>\n\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f，\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a<\/td>\n\u9700\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u624b\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u4f20\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u5b57\u8282\u6570（\u5982malloc(4*10)）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u521d\u59cb\u5316\/\u6790\u6784<\/td>\nnew\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316，delete\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u5206\u914d\/\u91ca\u653e\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5b58，\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\/\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u5185\u5b58\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n\u5e26\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u65e0\u9700\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362（\u5982int* p = new int）<\/td>\n\u8fd4\u56devoid*\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488，\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u4f7f\u7528（\u5982int* p = (int*)malloc(4)）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u5931\u8d25\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u629b\u51fabad_alloc\u5f02\u5e38，\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7try-catch\u6355\u83b7<\/td>\n\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fd4\u56deNULL，\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u5224\u7a7a\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u91cd\u8f7d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n\u53ef\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u91cd\u8f7d，\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u8f7d，\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u56fa\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u6570\u7ec4\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7248\u672cnew[]\/delete[]，\u5339\u914d\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6784\u9020\/\u6790\u6784<\/td>\n\u65e0\u4e13\u95e8\u6570\u7ec4\u7248\u672c，\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u603b\u5b57\u8282\u6570，\u4e14\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6790\u6784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n\u5b8c\u7f8e\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\/\u91ca\u653e，\u662fC++\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u6491<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u65e0\u6cd5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61，\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f00\u53d1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u793a\u4f8b<\/td>\n\u5355\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61：int* p = new int(10); delete p;\u6570\u7ec4：int* arr = new int[5]; delete[] arr;\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61：Test* t = new Test(); delete t;<\/td>\n\u5355\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf：int* p = (int*)malloc(4); free(p);\u6570\u7ec4：int* arr = (int*)malloc(4*5); free(arr);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    4. \u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7840\u5e38\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u5173\u952e\u5b57\/\u8bed\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u6027\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                    typedef<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5，\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027，\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\ntypedef int MyInt; typedef vector<int> IntVec;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    nullptr<\/td>\nC++11\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168，\u4ec5\u80fd\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b，\u65e0\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027<\/td>\nint* p = nullptr;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    NULL<\/td>\n\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49（\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a0\u6216(void*)0）<\/td>\n\u53ef\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b，\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027<\/td>\nint* p = NULL;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    \u4f7f\u7528\u5efa\u8bae：C++\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528new\/delete\u66ff\u4ee3malloc\/free，\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528nullptr\u66ff\u4ee3NULL，\u907f\u514d\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n

                    C++\u662f\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00，\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c；\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362，C++\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，\u66ff\u4ee3C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362，\u660e\u786e\u8f6c\u6362\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

                    1. \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n

                    C++\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u6574\u578b\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u578b，\u5176\u4e2d\u6574\u578b\u9075\u5faa**\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\u89c4\u5219\u201d**，\u5177\u4f53\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7sizeof\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u67e5\u8be2，\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u53f0\u53ef\u80fd\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02，\u6838\u5fc3\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u6574\u578b：short（\u81f3\u5c1116\u4f4d\/2\u5b57\u8282）\u3001int（\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0eshort\u7b49\u957f，\u901a\u5e3832\u4f4d\/4\u5b57\u8282）\u3001long（\u81f3\u5c1132\u4f4d\/4\u5b57\u8282）\u3001long long（\u81f3\u5c1164\u4f4d\/8\u5b57\u8282）；<\/li>\n
                    • \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b：\u5728\u6574\u578b\u524d\u52a0unsigned，\u5982unsigned int\u3001unsigned long，\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u8d1f\u6570，\u6700\u5927\u503c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b\u76842\u500d，\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u6570\u7c7b\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7c7b\u6570\u636e；<\/li>\n
                    • \u6d6e\u70b9\u578b：float（\u5355\u7cbe\u5ea6，4\u5b57\u8282）\u3001double（\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6，8\u5b57\u8282）\u3001long double（\u6269\u5c55\u7cbe\u5ea6，\u22658\u5b57\u8282），\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5c0f\u6570，\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u62e9；<\/li>\n
                    • \u5b57\u7b26\u578b：char（1\u5b57\u8282）\u3001wchar_t（\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26，2\/4\u5b57\u8282），\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，char\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6709\u7b26\u53f7（\u9ed8\u8ba4）\u548c\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7（unsigned char）；<\/li>\n
                    • \u5e03\u5c14\u578b：bool，\u53d6\u503c\u4e3atrue（1）\u6216false（0），\u7528\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u6ce8\u610f：\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7<climits>\u3001<cfloat>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u770b\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4，\u5982INT_MAX（int\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c）\u3001FLT_MAX（float\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c）\u3002<\/p>\n

                      2. \u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h4>\n

                      C++\u63d0\u4f9b4\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，\u66ff\u4ee3C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684(\u7c7b\u578b)\u53d8\u91cf\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362，\u660e\u786e\u8f6c\u6362\u610f\u56fe，\u51cf\u5c11\u8f6c\u6362\u9519\u8bef，\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f，\u4e0d\u53ef\u6df7\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u8f6c\u6362\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7279\u6027\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      static_cast<\/td>\n\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u4e0a\u884c\u8f6c\u6362（\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u2192\u57fa\u7c7b）\u3001\u975econst\u8f6c\u975econst<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u68c0\u67e5，\u65e0\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n\u8f83\u9ad8（\u9700\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8f6c\u6362\u5408\u7406\u6027）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      dynamic_cast<\/td>\n\u542b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u6362，\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0b\u884c\u8f6c\u6362（\u57fa\u7c7b\u2192\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b）<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5，\u57fa\u4e8eRTTI（\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f）<\/td>\n\u6700\u9ad8（\u8f6c\u6362\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56denullptr\/\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      reinterpret_cast<\/td>\n\u4efb\u610f\u6307\u9488\/\u5f15\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6574\u6570\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5904\u7406，\u4ec5\u505a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u62f7\u8d1d，\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n\u6700\u4f4e（\u5e73\u53f0\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u5dee，\u614e\u7528）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      const_cast<\/td>\n\u79fb\u9664\u53d8\u91cf\u7684const\u6216volatile\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u9488\/\u5f15\u7528，\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u9970\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u7b49（\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5e38\u91cf\u503c，\u5426\u5219\u884c\u4e3a\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

                      \/\/ static_cast：\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/span>
                      \nint<\/span> a =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \ndouble<\/span> b =<\/span> static_cast<\/span><<\/span>double<\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span> \/<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ 3.33333<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \/\/ dynamic_cast：\u7c7b\u5c42\u6b21\u8f6c\u6362<\/span>
                      \nclass<\/span> Base<\/span> {<\/span> virtual<\/span> void<\/span> func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \nclass<\/span> Derived<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Base<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \nBase*<\/span> p =<\/span> new<\/span> Derived;<\/span>
                      \nDerived*<\/span> d =<\/span> dynamic_cast<\/span><<\/span>Derived*<\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>p)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u529f<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \/\/ const_cast：\u79fb\u9664const\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>
                      \nconst<\/span> int<\/span> c =<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \nint<\/span>*<\/span> pc =<\/span> const_cast<\/span><<\/span>int<\/span>*<\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>c)<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \n\/\/ *pc = 30; \/\/ \u975e\u6cd5：\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5e38\u91cf，\u884c\u4e3a\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \/\/ reinterpret_cast：\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362<\/span>
                      \nint<\/span> x =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \nint<\/span>*<\/span> px =<\/span> &<\/span>x;<\/span>
                      \nchar<\/span>*<\/span> pc =<\/span> reinterpret_cast<\/span><<\/span>char<\/span>*<\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>px)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u4e94\u3001\u5b8f\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4fee\u9970\u7b26：\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u8fa8\u6790<\/h3>\n

                      \u5728C++\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，#define\u5b8f\u3001inline\u3001constexpr\u3001volatile\u3001extern\u662f\u9ad8\u9891\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5143\u7d20，\u5176\u4e2d#define\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u6cd5，\u5176\u4f59\u5747\u4e3aC++\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4fee\u9970\u7b26，\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

                      1. #define \u4e0e inline：\u5b8f\u66ff\u6362 vs \u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

                      \u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u8bd5\u56fe\u51cf\u5c11\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u9500，\u4f46\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u3001\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5929\u5dee\u5730\u522b，inline\u662fC++\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f18\u5316\u624b\u6bb5，\u4f18\u5148\u7528inline\u66ff\u4ee3#define\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u6027#define（\u5b8f）inline（\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      \u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5（\u7f16\u8bd1\u524d），\u7eaf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u505a\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u5f00\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5，\u6613\u56e0\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5bfc\u81f4\u9690\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\/\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5，\u7b26\u5408C++\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n\u5168\u5c40\u6709\u6548，\u9700\u7528#undef\u624b\u52a8\u7ec8\u6b62\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n\u9075\u5faa\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df，\u53ef\u53d7namespace\/\u7c7b\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u5185\u5b58\u7279\u6027<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6808\u5e27\u5f00\u9500，\u4f46\u91cd\u590d\u66ff\u6362\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4f53\u79ef（\u4ee3\u7801\u81a8\u80c0）<\/td>\n\u65e0\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u5e27\u5f00\u9500，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5c55\u5f00（\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u81ea\u52a8\u653e\u5f03\u5185\u8054）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u652f\u6301\u7279\u6027<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d，\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u5751\u70b9<\/td>\n\u7f3a\u5c11\u62ec\u53f7\u6613\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef：#define MUL(a,b) a*b，\u8c03\u7528MUL(2+3,4)\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a2+3*4=14（\u975e\u9884\u671f20）<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u77ed\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u9ad8\u9891\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570（\u5982getter\/\u7b80\u5355\u8ba1\u7b97），\u590d\u6742\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u8054\u65e0\u610f\u4e49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u793a\u4f8b<\/td>\n#define ADD(a,b) ((a)+(b))（\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\u907f\u514d\u9519\u8bef）<\/td>\ninline int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      2. #define \u4e0e const：\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf vs \u5e38\u91cf\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

                      \u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u503c\u201d，\u4f46const\u662fC++\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u4fee\u9970\u7b26，#define\u662f\u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u66ff\u6362，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528const\u66ff\u4ee3#define\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u6027#define（\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf）const（\u5e38\u91cf\u53d8\u91cf）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      \u7c7b\u578b\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n\u65e0\u7c7b\u578b，\u4ec5\u505a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u611f\u77e5<\/td>\n\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7c7b\u578b，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e25\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362，\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u5904\u7406，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u5165\u5185\u5b58（\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u53ea\u8bfb\u533a\u57df）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n\u5168\u5c40\u6709\u6548，\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u89c1，\u9700#undef\u7ec8\u6b62<\/td>\n\u5c40\u90e8const：\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\/\u51fd\u6570；\u5168\u5c40const：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u79c1\u6709（\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7extern\u6269\u5c55）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u9762\u91cf<\/td>\n\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740，\u53ef\u53d6\u5740（&const_var）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6210\u5458（\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u65e0\u7c7b\u6982\u5ff5）<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6210\u5458，\u975e\u9759\u6001const\u9700\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u9759\u6001const\u9700\u7c7b\u5916\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u793a\u4f8b<\/td>\n#define PI 3.1415926 #define MAX_LEN 1024<\/td>\nconst double PI = 3.1415926; const int MAX_LEN = 1024;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      3. constexpr \u4e0e const：\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf vs \u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

                      C++11\u5f15\u5165constexpr，\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u201c\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49，\u5f25\u8865\u4e86const\u201c\u53ea\u8bfb\u4f46\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677，constexpr\u662f\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684const\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u6027const（\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf）constexpr（\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      \u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49<\/td>\n\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539，\u503c\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u786e\u5b9a<\/td>\n\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210，\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u503c<\/td>\n\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf（\u5982const int a=10）\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u5e38\u91cf（\u5982const int a=rand()）<\/td>\n\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f（\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001constexpr\u53d8\u91cf\u3001constexpr\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58（\u6570\u636e\u6bb5），\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740，\u53ef\u53d6\u5740<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u9762\u91cf，\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58；\u82e5\u53d6\u5740\u5219\u5206\u914d\u53ea\u8bfb\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u51fd\u6570\u4fee\u9970<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u9970\u51fd\u6570，\u4ec5\u80fd\u4fee\u9970\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e3aconst<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4fee\u9970constexpr\u51fd\u6570，\u8981\u6c42\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u903b\u8f91（\u65e0\u5faa\u73af\/\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u9759\u6001const\u6210\u5458\u9700\u7c7b\u5916\u521d\u59cb\u5316；\u975e\u9759\u6001const\u6210\u5458\u9700\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n\u9759\u6001constexpr\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u521d\u59cb\u5316（C++11\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a），\u65e0\u9700\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf（\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u4e34\u65f6\u53ea\u8bfb\u503c\u3001\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u5c5e\u6027）<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5e38\u91cf（\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5730\u5740）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u793a\u4f8b<\/td>\nconst int a = rand();（\u5408\u6cd5，\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u5e38\u91cf）<\/td>\nconstexpr int a = 10+20; constexpr int arr[a];（\u6807\u51c6\u5408\u6cd5，\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      4. volatile：\u6613\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u4fee\u9970\u7b26，\u7981\u6b62\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n

                      volatile\u662fC++\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4f46\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u7b26，\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49\u662f**\u201c\u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668：\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u4fee\u6539，\u7981\u6b62\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u201d**，\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5b58，\u800c\u975e\u7f13\u5b58\u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027<\/h5>\n
                    • \u7981\u6b62\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316：\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06volatile\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u7f13\u5b58\u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668，\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u5199\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58，\u907f\u514d\u4f18\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef；<\/li>\n
                    • \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u539f\u5b50\u6027：volatile\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u89c1\u6027，\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u5b50\u6027（\u5982volatile int a++\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6，\u9700\u914d\u5408\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\/\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c）；<\/li>\n
                    • \u53ef\u4e0econst\u7ed3\u5408：const volatile int a; \u8868\u793a\u201c\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fee\u6539，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u4fee\u6539，\u4e14\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u8bfb\u5185\u5b58\u201d，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c；<\/li>\n
                    • \u65e0\u4f20\u9012\u6027：volatile int* p，p\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488，*p\u662fvolatile\u503c，\u4fee\u6539p\u7684\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n
                      \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n
                        \n
                      • \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1：\u786c\u4ef6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5730\u5740\u56fa\u5b9a，\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u786c\u4ef6\/\u5916\u8bbe\u4fee\u6539）；<\/li>\n
                      • \u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f：\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u9700\u9632\u6b62\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316；<\/li>\n
                      • \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u89c1\u6027（\u9700\u914d\u5408\u5185\u5b58\u5c4f\u969c）；<\/li>\n
                      • \u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570：\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf，\u907f\u514d\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\u4e3a\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        \u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n

                        \/\/ \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u4e32\u53e3\u63a5\u6536\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5730\u5740\u56fa\u5b9a，\u503c\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539）<\/span>
                        \n#<\/span>define<\/span> UART_RX_REG<\/span> 0x12345678<\/span> <\/span>\/\/ \u4e32\u53e3\u63a5\u6536\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/span>
                        \nvolatile<\/span> int<\/span>*<\/span> rx_reg =<\/span> (<\/span>volatile<\/span> int<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>UART_RX_REG;<\/span><\/p>\n

                        void<\/span> read_uart_data<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n while<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>rx_reg ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\u53d8\u5316（\u7981\u6b62\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\u4e3a\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af）<\/span>
                        \n int<\/span> data =<\/span> *<\/span>rx_reg;<\/span> \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c，\u83b7\u53d6\u786c\u4ef6\u6570\u636e<\/span>
                        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                        5. extern \u4e0e static：\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0e\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027\u63a7\u5236（\u53cd\u5411\u5173\u952e\u5b57）<\/h4>\n

                        \u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027，\u662fC++\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4fee\u9970\u7b26，\u4f5c\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd：extern\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab，static\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\/\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u79c1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u6027extern（\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5）static（\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                        \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/td>\n\u58f0\u660e\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570，\u6307\u793a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u201c\u53bb\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u627e\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d<\/td>\n\u9650\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6，\u7981\u6b62\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee，\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u79c1\u6709\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        \u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5：\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f53<\/td>\n\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5：\u4ec5\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u89c1，\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u540d\u5b9e\u4f53，\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        \u53d8\u91cf\u4fee\u9970<\/td>\n1. extern int a;：\u4ec5\u58f0\u660e，\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58；2. extern int a=10;：\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49，\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n1. \u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf：\u5ef6\u957f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u81f3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f；2. \u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf：\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u79c1\u6709，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        \u51fd\u6570\u4fee\u9970<\/td>\nextern void func();：\u58f0\u660e\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49（\u51fd\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e26extern，\u53ef\u7701\u7565）<\/td>\nstatic void func();：\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u79c1\u6709，\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        \u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528（\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u6309\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236）<\/td>\n\u4fee\u9970\u7c7b\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458：\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab，\u65e0this\u6307\u9488，\u7c7b\u5916\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        \u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b<\/td>\n\/\/ file1.cpp（\u5b9a\u4e49）int g_val = 100;void show() { cout << g_val; }\/\/ file2.cpp（\u4f7f\u7528）extern int g_val;extern void show();show(); \u2192 \u8f93\u51fa100<\/td>\n\/\/ file1.cppstatic int g_val = 100;static void show() { cout << g_val; }\/\/ file2.cppextern int g_val; \u2192 \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef（\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5b9a\u4e49）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                        \u5173\u952e\u6ce8\u610f：\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5177\u6709extern\u5c5e\u6027，\u82e5\u60f3\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u79c1\u6709，\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u52a0static；extern\u4ec5\u4f5c\u58f0\u660e（\u9664\u975e\u521d\u59cb\u5316），\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u516d\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n

                        \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u548c\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570\u662fC++\u4e2d\u6700\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5，\u4e8c\u8005\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ec5\u5dee\u4e00\u5bf9\u62ec\u53f7，\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c：\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u662f\u201c\u6307\u9488\u201d，\u6307\u5411\u51fd\u6570；\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u201d，\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u6307\u9488，\u662fC++\u8fdb\u9636\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

                        1. \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488：\u6307\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

                        \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n

                        \u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740，\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf，\u5176\u503c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740，\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570，\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u4f20\u9012\u201d，\u662f\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7531\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u51b3\u5b9a（\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u65e0\u5173），\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740（\u5982func\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e&func）\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h5>\n

                        \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u4e25\u683c\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868（\u7c7b\u578b+\u4e2a\u6570+\u987a\u5e8f），\u62ec\u53f7\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565（\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898），\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49：\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b (*\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u540d)(\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b1, \u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b2, …); \u793a\u4f8b：int (*pFunc)(int, int); \/\/ \u6307\u5411\u201c\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2aint\u3001\u8fd4\u56deint\u201d\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n
                        • \u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49（\u63a8\u8350，\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u578b）：typedef<\/span> int<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>FuncType)<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ typedef\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>
                          \nusing<\/span> FuncType =<\/span> int<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ C++11 using\u65b9\u5f0f（\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2）<\/span>
                          \nFuncType pFunc;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          \u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n

                          \u6b65\u9aa4：\u5b9a\u4e49\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570 \u2192 \u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488 \u2192 \u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570（*\u53ef\u7701\u7565）\u3002<\/p>\n

                          #<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
                          \nusing<\/span> namespace<\/span> std;<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \/\/ 1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
                          \nint<\/span> add<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> a,<\/span> int<\/span> b)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> a +<\/span> b;<\/span> }<\/span>
                          \nint<\/span> sub<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> a,<\/span> int<\/span> b)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> a –<\/span> b;<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

                          int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                          \n \/\/ 2. \u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u5e76\u8d4b\u503c（&\u53ef\u7701\u7565）<\/span>
                          \n int<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>pFunc)<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> add;<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \/\/ 3. \u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570（\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u4ef7，*\u53ef\u7701\u7565）<\/span>
                          \n cout <<<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>pFunc)<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span> \/\/ \u6807\u51c6\u5199\u6cd5，\u8f93\u51fa5<\/span>
                          \n cout <<<\/span> pFunc<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span> \/\/ \u7b80\u5316\u5199\u6cd5，\u8f93\u51fa3<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u5339\u914d\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
                          \n pFunc =<\/span> sub;<\/span>
                          \n cout <<<\/span> pFunc<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa3<\/span><\/p>\n

                          return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n
                            \n
                          • \u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570：\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u9884\u5148\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u5982C\u8bed\u8a00qsort\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u56de\u8c03\u3001\u6846\u67b6\u94a9\u5b50\u51fd\u6570；<\/li>\n
                          • \u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u5f0f：\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570，\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u52a8\u6001\u9009\u62e9\u6267\u884c\u7b56\u7565，\u66ff\u4ee3\u5927\u91cfif-else\/switch，\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7075\u6d3b\u6027；<\/li>\n
                          • \u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488：\u7c7b\u7684\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u542b\u9690\u5f0fthis\u6307\u9488，\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49：int (Math::*pMemFunc)(int, int) = &Math::add;（&\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565）；<\/li>\n
                          • \u51fd\u6570\u8868\/\u63d2\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784：\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u51fd\u6570，\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

                            #<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
                            \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <cstdlib><\/span> \/\/ qsort\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/span>
                            \nusing<\/span> namespace<\/span> std;<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \/\/ \u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u65701：int\u5347\u5e8f\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span>
                            \nint<\/span> compare_asc<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> void<\/span>*<\/span> a,<\/span> const<\/span> void<\/span>*<\/span> b)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n return<\/span> *<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> int<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>a –<\/span> *<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> int<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>b;<\/span>
                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \/\/ \u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u65702：int\u964d\u5e8f\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span>
                            \nint<\/span> compare_desc<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> void<\/span>*<\/span> a,<\/span> const<\/span> void<\/span>*<\/span> b)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n return<\/span> *<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> int<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>b –<\/span> *<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> int<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>a;<\/span>
                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                            int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n int<\/span> arr[<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n int<\/span> n =<\/span> sizeof<\/span>(<\/span>arr)<\/span>\/<\/span>sizeof<\/span>(<\/span>arr[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \/\/ qsort\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488：\u52a8\u6001\u4f20\u9012\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b56\u7565<\/span>
                            \n qsort<\/span>(<\/span>arr,<\/span> n,<\/span> sizeof<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> compare_asc)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/span>
                            \n for<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> x :<\/span> arr)<\/span> cout <<<\/span> x <<<\/span> " "<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ 1 2 3 4<\/span><\/p>\n

                            qsort<\/span>(<\/span>arr,<\/span> n,<\/span> sizeof<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> compare_desc)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/span>
                            \n for<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> x :<\/span> arr)<\/span> cout <<<\/span> x <<<\/span> " "<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ 4 3 2 1<\/span><\/p>\n

                            return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                            2. \u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570：\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

                            \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n

                            \u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570，\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b，\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u65e0\u7279\u6b8a\u4fee\u9970，\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u5373\u53ef，\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\/\u5bf9\u8c61\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

                            \u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h5>\n

                            \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b* \u51fd\u6570\u540d(\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b1, \u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b2, …); \u793a\u4f8b：int* createArr(int n); \/\/ \u8fd4\u56deint\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2aint\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

                            \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n

                            #<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
                            \nusing<\/span> namespace<\/span> std;<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \/\/ \u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570：\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efaint\u6570\u7ec4，\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u6307\u9488<\/span>
                            \nint<\/span>*<\/span> createArr<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> n)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>n <=<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> return<\/span> nullptr<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n int<\/span>*<\/span> arr =<\/span> new<\/span> int<\/span>[<\/span>n]<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5806\u5185\u5b58<\/span>
                            \n for<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> i=<\/span>0<\/span>;<\/span> i<<\/span>n;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n arr[<\/span>i]<\/span> =<\/span> i *<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4<\/span>
                            \n }<\/span>
                            \n return<\/span> arr;<\/span> \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488<\/span>
                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                            int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n int<\/span>*<\/span> p =<\/span> createArr<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>p !=<\/span> nullptr<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n for<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> i=<\/span>0<\/span>;<\/span> i<<\/span>5<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n cout <<<\/span> p[<\/span>i]<\/span> <<<\/span> " "<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ 0 2 4 6 8<\/span>
                            \n }<\/span>
                            \n delete<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> p;<\/span> \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5806\u5185\u5b58，\u907f\u514d\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/span>
                            \n p =<\/span> nullptr<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n }<\/span>
                            \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \u6838\u5fc3\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h5>\n
                              \n
                            • \u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488（\u5982int* func() { int a; return &a; }），\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u968f\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u675f\u9500\u6bc1，\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u60ac\u7a7a\u6307\u9488；<\/li>\n
                            • \u82e5\u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488，\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58（delete\/delete[]），\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f；<\/li>\n
                            • \u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53ef\u505a\u94fe\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee，\u5982node* getNext(node* p) { return p->next; }，\u53ef\u8fde\u7eed\u8c03\u7528getNext(getNext(p))\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              3. \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570\u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u7279\u6027\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488（\u6307\u9488）\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570（\u51fd\u6570）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              \u672c\u8d28<\/td>\n\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf，\u6307\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u6cd5<\/td>\n\u62ec\u53f7\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565：int (*p)(int, int)<\/td>\n\u65e0\u989d\u5916\u62ec\u53f7：int* f(int, int)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5173\u952e<\/td>\n(*p)\u63d0\u5347*\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7，\u5148\u8868\u793a\u6307\u9488，\u518d\u5173\u8054\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7b26()\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e*，\u5148\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570，\u518d\u5173\u8054\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u5185\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u533a\/\u6570\u636e\u6bb5（\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf），\u503c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5，\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u6307\u5411\u6808\/\u5806\/\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/td>\n\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784<\/td>\n\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\/\u5bf9\u8c61\u5730\u5740\u3001\u94fe\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u6613\u6df7\u70b9<\/td>\n\u7701\u7565\u62ec\u53f7\u5219\u53d8\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570：int *p(int, int)<\/td>\n\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\u5219\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef：int* (f)(int, int)（\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u62ec\u53f7\u5305\u88f9）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                              \u8bb0\u5fc6\u6280\u5de7：\u770b\u62ec\u53f7\u548c*\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014(*\u540d)\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488（\u540d\u662f\u6307\u9488），\u7c7b\u578b* \u540d()\u662f\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570（\u540d\u662f\u51fd\u6570）\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u4e03\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u7c7b：C++\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8f7d\u4f53<\/h3>\n

                              struct\u548cclass\u662fC++\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8f7d\u4f53，\u4e8c\u8005\u529f\u80fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4，\u4ec5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

                              1. \u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\u7279\u6027structclass<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/td>\npublic（\u516c\u6709）：\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\nprivate（\u79c1\u6709）：\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee，\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u516c\u6709\u7ee7\u627f（public）：\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u516c\u6709\/\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6709\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n\u79c1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f（private）：\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u516c\u6709\/\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe<\/td>\n\u4fa7\u91cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u805a\u5408，\u504f\u5411\u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b<\/td>\n\u4fa7\u91cd\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u504f\u5411\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7eaf\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784（\u5982\u5750\u6807\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570）<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91，\u5c01\u88c5\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5，\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7279\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                              2. \u5b9e\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n

                              #<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
                              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <string><\/span><\/span>
                              \nusing<\/span> namespace<\/span> std;<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \/\/ struct：\u7eaf\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u9ed8\u8ba4public，\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/span>
                              \nstruct<\/span> Student<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \n string name;<\/span> \/\/ \u516c\u6709\u6210\u5458，\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
                              \n int<\/span> age;<\/span>
                              \n float<\/span> score;<\/span>
                              \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \/\/ class：\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c，\u9ed8\u8ba4private，\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
                              \nclass<\/span> Calculator<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \nprivate<\/span>:<\/span> \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4private，\u5916\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
                              \n int<\/span> result;<\/span> \/\/ \u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027，\u4ec5\u7c7b\u5185\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
                              \npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
                              \n \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>
                              \n Calculator<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> :<\/span> result<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>
                              \n \/\/ \u516c\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5：\u63d0\u4f9b\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a5\u53e3<\/span>
                              \n void<\/span> add<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> num)<\/span> {<\/span> result +=<\/span> num;<\/span> }<\/span>
                              \n void<\/span> sub<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> num)<\/span> {<\/span> result -=<\/span> num;<\/span> }<\/span>
                              \n int<\/span> getResult<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> result;<\/span> }<\/span> \/\/ const\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570，\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>
                              \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                              int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \n \/\/ struct\u4f7f\u7528：\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6210\u5458<\/span>
                              \n Student s =<\/span> {<\/span>"\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>,<\/span> 18<\/span>,<\/span> 95.5<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n cout <<<\/span> "\u59d3\u540d："<\/span> <<<\/span> s.<\/span>name <<<\/span> " \u5e74\u9f84："<\/span> <<<\/span> s.<\/span>age <<<\/span> endl;<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \/\/ class\u4f7f\u7528：\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
                              \n Calculator cal;<\/span>
                              \n cal.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n cal.<\/span>sub<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n cout <<<\/span> "\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c："<\/span> <<<\/span> cal.<\/span>getResult<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span> \/\/ 7<\/span><\/p>\n

                              return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \u6ce8\u610f：struct\u5728C++\u4e2d\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53，\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7279\u6027，\u4ec5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219\u4e0eclass\u4e0d\u540c；\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\u9009\u62e9，\u65e0\u9700\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

                              C++\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6838\u5fc3\u56f4\u7ed5\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u8026\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u5c55\u5f00，\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                            • \u53d8\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406：\u638c\u63e1\u5c40\u90e8\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u7406\u89e3\u6808\u533a\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7279\u6027，\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u8d8a\u754c；<\/li>\n
                            • \u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c：\u533a\u5206\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02，\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406，\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u675c\u7edd\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f；<\/li>\n
                            • \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528：\u638c\u63e1const（\u53ea\u8bfb）\u3001static（\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\/\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f）\u7684\u591a\u573a\u666f\u8bed\u4e49，\u638c\u63e1new\/delete\u4e0emalloc\/free\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02，\u4f18\u5148\u7528constexpr（\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf）\u3001inline（\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570）\u66ff\u4ee3#define，\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168；<\/li>\n
                            • \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362：\u653e\u5f03C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362，\u4f7f\u7528C++\u76844\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u8f6c\u6362\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，\u6839\u636e\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9static_cast\/dynamic_cast\/const_cast\/reinterpret_cast；<\/li>\n
                            • \u7279\u6b8a\u4fee\u9970\u7b26：volatile\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u89c1\u6027（\u786c\u4ef6\/\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b），extern\/static\u63a7\u5236\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5f00\u53d1；<\/li>\n
                            • \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488：\u638c\u63e1\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528，\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5728\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528，\u533a\u5206\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5dee\u5f02；<\/li>\n
                            • \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u57fa\u7840：\u7406\u89e3struct\u4e0eclass\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b，\u638c\u63e1\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3，\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u7684\u516c\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              C \u57fa\u7840\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6
                              \nC\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u517c\u5177\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00，\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b8f\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u9ad8\u9891\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5165\u624b，\u592f\u5b9e\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002
                              \n\u4e00\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e09\u7c7b\u6838\u5fc3\u5f62\u6001：\u5c40\u90e8\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u3001\u5168\u5c40
                              \n\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143，\u6839\u636e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02，\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4e09\u7c7b，\u5176\u7279\u6027\u548c\u4f7f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-68378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c"],"yoast_head":"\nC++ \u57fa\u7840\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/68378.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C++ \u57fa\u7840\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6 - 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