{"id":68363,"date":"2026-01-30T02:24:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T18:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/68363.html"},"modified":"2026-01-30T02:24:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T18:24:56","slug":"%e5%a4%87%e6%88%98%e8%93%9d%e6%a1%a5%e6%9d%af-%e6%a0%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/68363.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5907\u6218\u84dd\u6865\u676f--\u6808"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8eC++\u8bed\u8a00，\u5728\u5907\u6218\u84dd\u6865\u676f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ade\u8d5b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u529b\u6263Hot100\u6808\u76f8\u5173\u9898\u578b\u7684\u5237\u9898\u548c\u603b\u7ed3，\u5f52\u7eb3\u51fa\u6808\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5b9e\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u5177\u4f53\u9898\u76ee\u89e3\u6790，\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8！<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6808\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6808？<\/h4>\n

\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa（LIFO, Last In First Out）\u00a0\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6808\u9876\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u53e0\u76d8\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u603b\u662f\u53d6\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76d8\u5b50（\u6700\u540e\u653e\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684），\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6808\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 \u6808\u7684ADT（\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b）<\/h4>\n

template <typename T>
\nclass Stack {
\npublic:
\n bool empty() const; \/\/ \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a
\n size_t size() const; \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6808\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570
\n T& top(); \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5f15\u7528
\n const T& top() const; \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5e38\u91cf\u5f15\u7528
\n void push(const T& val); \/\/ \u5165\u6808
\n void pop(); \/\/ \u51fa\u6808
\n}; <\/p>\n

1.3 \u6808\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f18\u70b9\u7f3a\u70b9\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n\u5185\u5b58\u8fde\u7eed，\u8bbf\u95ee\u5feb<\/td>\n\u5927\u5c0f\u56fa\u5b9a，\u53ef\u80fd\u6ea2\u51fa<\/td>\n\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5411\u91cf(vector)\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9，\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf<\/td>\n\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500<\/td>\n\u901a\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58，\u65e0\u6ea2\u51fa<\/td>\n\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\u5927，\u8bbf\u95ee\u6162<\/td>\n\u9891\u7e41\u63d2\u5165\u5220\u9664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6808\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n

2.1 \u62ec\u53f7\u5339\u914d – \u6808\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n

bool isValidParentheses(const string& s) {
\n stack<char> stk;
\n unordered_map<char, char> pairs = {
\n {')', '('}, {']', '['}, {'}', '{'}
\n };<\/p>\n

for (char c : s) {
\n if (c == '(' || c == '[' || c == '{') {
\n stk.push(c);
\n } else if (c == ')' || c == ']' || c == '}') {
\n \/\/ \u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u62ec\u53f7\u4e0d\u5339\u914d
\n if (stk.empty() || stk.top() != pairs[c]) {
\n return false;
\n }
\n stk.pop();
\n }
\n }
\n return stk.empty(); \/\/ \u6808\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u7a7a\u624d\u7b97\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d
\n} <\/p>\n

\u8981\u70b9\u5206\u6790：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(n)，\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u904d\u5386<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(n)，\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u5165\u6808<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5173\u952e\u70b9：\u9047\u5230\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u5165\u6808，\u9047\u5230\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u68c0\u67e5\u6808\u9876\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2.2 \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c<\/h4>\n

    int evaluateExpression(const string& expr) {
    \n stack<int> nums; \/\/ \u6570\u5b57\u6808
    \n stack<char> ops; \/\/ \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6808<\/p>\n

    auto calculate = [&]() {
    \n if (nums.size() < 2 || ops.empty()) return;
    \n int b = nums.top(); nums.pop();
    \n int a = nums.top(); nums.pop();
    \n char op = ops.top(); ops.pop();<\/p>\n

    switch(op) {
    \n case '+': nums.push(a + b); break;
    \n case '-': nums.push(a – b); break;
    \n case '*': nums.push(a * b); break;
    \n case '\/': nums.push(a \/ b); break;
    \n }
    \n };<\/p>\n

    unordered_map<char, int> precedence = {
    \n {'+', 1}, {'-', 1}, {'*', 2}, {'\/', 2}
    \n };<\/p>\n

    for (int i = 0; i < expr.length(); i++) {
    \n if (expr[i] == ' ') continue;<\/p>\n

    if (isdigit(expr[i])) {
    \n int num = 0;
    \n while (i < expr.length() && isdigit(expr[i])) {
    \n num = num * 10 + (expr[i] – '0');
    \n i++;
    \n }
    \n i–; \/\/ \u56de\u9000\u4e00\u6b65
    \n nums.push(num);
    \n } else if (expr[i] == '(') {
    \n ops.push(expr[i]);
    \n } else if (expr[i] == ')') {
    \n while (!ops.empty() && ops.top() != '(') {
    \n calculate();
    \n }
    \n if (!ops.empty()) ops.pop(); \/\/ \u5f39\u51fa'('
    \n } else {
    \n \/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 <= \u6808\u9876\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u65f6，\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97
    \n while (!ops.empty() && ops.top() != '(' &&
    \n precedence[expr[i]] <= precedence[ops.top()]) {
    \n calculate();
    \n }
    \n ops.push(expr[i]);
    \n }
    \n }<\/p>\n

    while (!ops.empty()) {
    \n calculate();
    \n }<\/p>\n

    return nums.top();
    \n} <\/p>\n

    2.3 \u5355\u8c03\u6808 – \u89e3\u51b3"\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u5143\u7d20"\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n

    vector<int> nextGreaterElements(const vector<int>& nums) {
    \n int n = nums.size();
    \n vector<int> result(n, -1);
    \n stack<int> stk; \/\/ \u5b58\u50a8\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n

    for (int i = 0; i < n * 2; i++) {
    \n int idx = i % n;
    \n while (!stk.empty() && nums[stk.top()] < nums[idx]) {
    \n result[stk.top()] = nums[idx];
    \n stk.pop();
    \n }
    \n \/\/ \u53ea\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5165\u6808
    \n if (i < n) {
    \n stk.push(i);
    \n }
    \n }
    \n return result;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u5355\u8c03\u6808\u8981\u70b9：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u4fdd\u6301\u6808\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u51cf（\u6216\u9012\u589e）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e：\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\/\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u6700\u5927\u77e9\u5f62\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u63a5\u96e8\u6c34\u7b49\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(n)，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u591a\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u4e00\u6b21<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u4e09\u3001C++ STL\u6808\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n

      3.1 \u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

      #include <stack>
      \n#include <iostream>
      \n#include <vector><\/p>\n

      void stackDemo() {
      \n \/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efa\u6808
      \n stack<int> s1; \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528deque\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u5bb9\u5668
      \n stack<int, vector<int>> s2; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528vector\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u5bb9\u5668<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 2. \u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c
      \n s1.push(1);
      \n s1.push(2);
      \n s1.push(3);
      \n s1.emplace(4); \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u9020，C++11\u5f15\u5165<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 3. \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876
      \n cout << "\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20: " << s1.top() << endl; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa4<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 4. \u51fa\u6808
      \n s1.pop(); \/\/ \u79fb\u96644，\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 5. \u5bb9\u91cf\u67e5\u8be2
      \n cout << "\u6808\u5927\u5c0f: " << s1.size() << endl;
      \n cout << "\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a: " << (s1.empty() ? "\u662f" : "\u5426") << endl;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 6. \u904d\u5386\u6808（\u6ce8\u610f：\u6808\u6ca1\u6709\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668，\u53ea\u80fd\u8fb9pop\u8fb9\u8bbf\u95ee）
      \n cout << "\u6808\u5185\u5bb9: ";
      \n while (!s1.empty()) {
      \n cout << s1.top() << " ";
      \n s1.pop();
      \n }
      \n cout << endl;
      \n} <\/p>\n

      3.2 \u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7：\u6808\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n

      class MinStack {
      \nprivate:
      \n stack<int> dataStack; \/\/ \u6570\u636e\u6808
      \n stack<int> minStack; \/\/ \u8f85\u52a9\u6808，\u5b58\u50a8\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u5c0f\u503c<\/p>\n

      public:
      \n MinStack() {}<\/p>\n

      void push(int val) {
      \n dataStack.push(val);
      \n \/\/ \u5982\u679cminStack\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u65b0\u503c<=\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u5c0f\u503c
      \n if (minStack.empty() || val <= minStack.top()) {
      \n minStack.push(val);
      \n }
      \n }<\/p>\n

      void pop() {
      \n if (dataStack.empty()) return;<\/p>\n

      if (dataStack.top() == minStack.top()) {
      \n minStack.pop();
      \n }
      \n dataStack.pop();
      \n }<\/p>\n

      int top() {
      \n return dataStack.top();
      \n }<\/p>\n

      int getMin() {
      \n return minStack.top();
      \n }
      \n}; <\/p>\n

      \u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u70b9：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4，\u7528O(n)\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0O(1)\u7684getMin\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u6ce8\u610f\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u8981\u5165\u8f85\u52a9\u6808<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u56db\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

        4.1 \u6700\u5927\u77e9\u5f62\u9762\u79ef（LeetCode 84）<\/h4>\n

        int largestRectangleArea(vector<int>& heights) {
        \n heights.push_back(0); \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u54e8\u5175，\u786e\u4fdd\u6700\u540e\u80fd\u6e05\u7a7a\u6808
        \n stack<int> stk;
        \n int maxArea = 0;<\/p>\n

        for (int i = 0; i < heights.size(); i++) {
        \n \/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6808\u9876\u9ad8\u5ea6\u65f6，\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u6808\u9876\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7684\u77e9\u5f62\u9762\u79ef
        \n while (!stk.empty() && heights[stk.top()] > heights[i]) {
        \n int height = heights[stk.top()];
        \n stk.pop();<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u8ba1\u7b97\u5bbd\u5ea6
        \n int left = stk.empty() ? -1 : stk.top();
        \n int width = i – left – 1;<\/p>\n

        maxArea = max(maxArea, height * width);
        \n }
        \n stk.push(i);
        \n }<\/p>\n

        heights.pop_back(); \/\/ \u6062\u590d\u539f\u6570\u7ec4
        \n return maxArea;
        \n} <\/p>\n

        4.2 \u63a5\u96e8\u6c34（LeetCode 42）（\u6b64\u9898\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u770b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u535a\u5ba2）<\/h4>\n

        int trap(vector<int>& height) {
        \n stack<int> stk; \/\/ \u5b58\u50a8\u7d22\u5f15
        \n int water = 0;<\/p>\n

        for (int i = 0; i < height.size(); i++) {
        \n while (!stk.empty() && height[i] > height[stk.top()]) {
        \n int bottom = height[stk.top()];
        \n stk.pop();<\/p>\n

        if (stk.empty()) break;<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u6c34\u69fd\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6
        \n int left = stk.top();
        \n int width = i – left – 1;
        \n int h = min(height[i], height[left]) – bottom;<\/p>\n

        water += width * h;
        \n }
        \n stk.push(i);
        \n }<\/p>\n

        return water;
        \n} <\/p>\n

        \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

        \u6808\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ade\u8d5b\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u6808\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e：<\/p>\n

      • \n

        \u7406\u89e3LIFO\u672c\u8d28：\u65f6\u523b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u8bc6\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u62ec\u53f7\u5339\u914d\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u7b49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u6ce8\u610f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6：\u7a7a\u6808\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        \u6808\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528，\u518d\u5230\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3，\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u548c\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece\u529b\u6263\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9898\u5f00\u59cb，\u9010\u6b65\u6311\u6218\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6df1\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u8bb0\u4f4f：\u6808\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684，\u4f46\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u9700\u8981"\u6700\u8fd1\u76f8\u5173\u6027"\u65f6，\u6808\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9！<\/p>\n

        \u795d\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65！\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u6b22\u8fce\u4ea4\u6d41\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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