{"id":67806,"date":"2026-01-29T07:26:07","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T23:26:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/67806.html"},"modified":"2026-01-29T07:26:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T23:26:07","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/67806.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260128232600-697a9b088478b.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f44b; \u5927\u5bb6\u597d&#xff0c;\u6b22\u8fce\u6765\u5230\u6211\u7684\u6280\u672f\u535a\u5ba2&#xff01; &#x1f4da; \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff0c;\u6211\u4f1a\u5206\u4eab\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u601d\u8003&#xff0c;\u529b\u6c42\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 &#x1f3af; \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5Linux\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u53d1\u6216\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u3002 &#x1f331; \u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u521a\u5165\u95e8\u7684\u65b0\u624b&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005&#xff0c;\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u6536\u83b7&#xff01;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3010Linux\u3011Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u8be6\u89e3 &#x1f4c1;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u8ff0 &#x1f310;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6839\u76ee\u5f55 (\/) \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u70b9 &#x1f6a9;<\/li>\n<li>3. \/bin \u2014\u2014 \u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5bb6 &#x1f6e0;\ufe0f<\/li>\n<li>4. \/sbin \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1 &#x1f6e0;\ufe0f<\/li>\n<li>5. \/lib \u548c \/lib64 \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed &#x1f4e6;<\/li>\n<li>6. \/etc \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e2d\u67a2 &#x1f4dd;<\/li>\n<li>7. \/home \u2014\u2014 \u7528\u6237\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5929\u5730 &#x1f3e0;<\/li>\n<li>8. \/usr \u2014\u2014 \u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9d\u5e93 &#x1f4da;<\/li>\n<li>9. \/var \u2014\u2014 \u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3 &#x1f504;<\/li>\n<li>10. \/dev \u2014\u2014 \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5165\u53e3 &#x1f5a5;\ufe0f<\/li>\n<li>11. \/proc \u2014\u2014 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf &#x1f9e0;<\/li>\n<li>12. \/sys \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf &#x1f9e9;<\/li>\n<li>13. \/tmp \u2014\u2014 \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6682\u5b58\u5730 &#x1f5d1;\ufe0f<\/li>\n<li>14. \/opt \u2014\u2014 \u53ef\u9009\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u5730 &#x1f4e6;<\/li>\n<li>15. \/boot \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8d77\u70b9 &#x1f680;<\/li>\n<li>16. \/mnt \u548c \/media \u2014\u2014 \u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5bb6 &#x1f4c1;<\/li>\n<li>17. \/run \u2014\u2014 \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f &#x1f504;<\/li>\n<li>18. \/srv \u2014\u2014 \u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u5730 &#x1f4c2;<\/li>\n<li>19. \u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5 &#x1f4dd;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>Mermaid \u56fe\u8868&#xff1a;Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u7c7b\u56fe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u3010Linux\u3011Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u8be6\u89e3 &#x1f4c1;<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u800c\u76ee\u5f55\u5219\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u7406\u89e3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u6253\u5f00 Linux \u4e16\u754c\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u9010\u5c42\u5256\u6790\u5404\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u6784\u5efa\u5bf9 Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u8ff0 &#x1f310;<\/h3>\n<p>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u6811\u72b6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u6811&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u6839\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\/&#xff09;\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6700\u9876\u7aef\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5f97 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027&#xff0c;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u76ee\u5f55\u5c42\u7ea7\u6e05\u6670&#xff0c;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7edf\u4e00\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u5f84\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u5316&#xff1a;\u9075\u5faa Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7075\u6d3b\u6027&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5916\u7ad9\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)<\/li>\n<li>The Linux Documentation Project &#8211; Filesystem Hierarchy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u6839\u76ee\u5f55 (\/) \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u70b9 &#x1f6a9;<\/h3>\n<p>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u6574\u4e2a Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8d77\u70b9&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b83\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c \/\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u552f\u4e00\u6027&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5220\u9664&#xff1a;\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6216\u5378\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528 pwd \u548c ls \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: \/home\/username<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var &#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>3. \/bin \u2014\u2014 \u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5bb6 &#x1f6e0;\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>\/bin \u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;Binary&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls, cp, mv, rm&#xff1a;\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>cat, grep, find&#xff1a;\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>sh, bash&#xff1a;Shell \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/bin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/bin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 ls \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/bin\/ls<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 134240 Apr 15 2023 \/bin\/ls<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/bin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/bin\/bash<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1206640 Apr 15 2023 \/bin\/bash<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528 which \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u627e ls \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: \/bin\/ls<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u627e grep \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: \/bin\/grep<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>4. \/sbin \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1 &#x1f6e0;\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>\/sbin \u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981 root \u6743\u9650\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ifconfig, iptables&#xff1a;\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>fdisk, mkfs&#xff1a;\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>reboot, shutdown&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u548c\u5173\u673a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>mount, umount&#xff1a;\u6302\u8f7d\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/sbin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/sbin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 mount \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/sbin\/mount<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 65536 Apr 15 2023 \/sbin\/mount<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/sbin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 ifconfig \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/sbin\/ifconfig<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32768 Apr 15 2023 \/sbin\/ifconfig<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528 ls \u67e5\u770b \/sbin \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/sbin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 (\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u51fa)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/sbin <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -10<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># busybox<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># fsck<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ifconfig<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># init<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># iptables<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># killall<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># login<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># lsblk<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># mkfs.ext4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># mount<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>5. \/lib \u548c \/lib64 \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed &#x1f4e6;<\/h3>\n<p>\/lib \u548c \/lib64 \u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u653e\u7740 32 \u4f4d\u548c 64 \u4f4d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;Shared Libraries&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u901a\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/lib&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e 32 \u4f4d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e 32 \u4f4d\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/lib64&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e 64 \u4f4d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e 64 \u4f4d\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b 32 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>libc.so.6&#xff1a;C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>libm.so.6&#xff1a;\u6570\u5b66\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>libpthread.so.0&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/lib \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/lib \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 libc \u5e93<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/lib\/libc.so.6<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 15 2023 \/lib\/libc.so.6 -&gt; libc-2.31.so<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/lib64 \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 libc \u5e93 (\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/lib64\/libc.so.6<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 15 2023 \/lib64\/libc.so.6 -&gt; libc-2.31.so<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528 ldd \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b ls \u547d\u4ee4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5e93<\/span><br \/>\nldd \/bin\/ls<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">#         linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff&#8230;)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">#         libc.so.6 &#061;&gt; \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/libc.so.6 (0x00007f&#8230;)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">#         \/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f&#8230;)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>6. \/etc \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e2d\u67a2 &#x1f4dd;<\/h3>\n<p>\/etc \u76ee\u5f55\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\u4e2d\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>passwd&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>group&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>fstab&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>hosts&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c IP \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/li>\n<li>crontab&#xff1a;\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/init.d\/&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/rc.d\/&#xff1a;\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/etc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/etc\/passwd \u6587\u4ef6 (\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -5 \/etc\/passwd<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># daemon:x:1:1:daemon:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># bin:x:2:2:bin:\/bin:\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># sys:x:3:3:sys:\/dev:\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># sync:x:4:65534:sync:\/bin:\/bin\/sync<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/etc\/group \u6587\u4ef6 (\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -5 \/etc\/group<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># root:x:0:root<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># daemon:x:1:daemon<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># bin:x:2:bin<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># sys:x:3:sys<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># adm:x:4:daemon,adm<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528 grep \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5728 \/etc\/passwd \u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3a &#039;root&#039; \u7684\u6761\u76ee<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;^root:&#034;<\/span> \/etc\/passwd<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5728 \/etc\/group \u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u7ec4\u540d\u4e3a &#039;wheel&#039; \u7684\u6761\u76ee<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;^wheel:&#034;<\/span> \/etc\/group<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># wheel:x:10:root<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>7. \/home \u2014\u2014 \u7528\u6237\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5929\u5730 &#x1f3e0;<\/h3>\n<p>\/home \u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u540d\u547d\u540d&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u9694\u79bb&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/home \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/home \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la \/home<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 20<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwx&#8212;&#8212;  2 user user 4096 Apr 15 2023 user<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwx&#8212;&#8212;  2 test test 4096 Apr 15 2023 test<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237 &#039;user&#039; \u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la \/home\/user<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 20<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwx&#8212;&#8212;  2 user user 4096 Apr 15 2023 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  1 user user  220 Apr 15 2023 .bash_logout<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  1 user user 3771 Apr 15 2023 .bashrc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  1 user user  807 Apr 15 2023 .profile<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwx&#8212;&#8212;  2 user user 4096 Apr 15 2023 .ssh<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528 pwd \u548c ls \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token environment constant\">$HOME<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b: \/home\/user<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55 (\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b: \/home\/user<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la ~<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 20<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwx&#8212;&#8212;  2 user user 4096 Apr 15 2023 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  1 user user  220 Apr 15 2023 .bash_logout<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># &#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>8. \/usr \u2014\u2014 \u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9d\u5e93 &#x1f4da;<\/h3>\n<p>\/usr \u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u6863\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/usr\/bin&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/usr\/lib&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/usr\/share&#xff1a;\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/usr\/include&#xff1a;\u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;C\/C&#043;&#043; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/usr\/local&#xff1a;\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/usr \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/usr \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/usr<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># bin  games  include  lib  local  sbin  share  src<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/usr\/bin \u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/usr\/bin <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -10<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># bash  cat  chfn  chsh  cp  date  dd  df  du  echo<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/usr\/share \u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/usr\/share <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -10<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># aclocal  applications  doc  games  icons  locale  man  mime  misc  pixmaps<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/usr\/bin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/usr\/bin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 python \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/usr\/bin\/python*<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 15 2023 \/usr\/bin\/python3 -&gt; python3.9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 147840 Apr 15 2023 \/usr\/bin\/python3.9<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/usr\/share\/doc \u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/usr\/share\/doc <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -5<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># bash  coreutils  dpkg  gawk  grep<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>9. \/var \u2014\u2014 \u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3 &#x1f504;<\/h3>\n<p>\/var \u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u6216\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/var\/log&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/var\/tmp&#xff1a;\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6bd4 \/tmp \u66f4\u6301\u4e45&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/var\/spool&#xff1a;\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1&#xff08;\u5982\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u52a1&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/var\/lib&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/var\/cache&#xff1a;\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/var \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/var\/log \u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/var\/log <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -10<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># alternatives.log  auth.log  bootstrap.log  daemon.log  debug  dpkg.log  kern.log  syslog  user.log  wtmp<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -lt \/var\/log <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -5<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8212;&#8211; 1 root adm  12345 Apr 15 10:30 auth.log<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8212;&#8211; 1 root adm  12345 Apr 15 10:30 syslog<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8212;&#8211; 1 root adm  12345 Apr 15 10:30 kern.log<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8212;&#8211; 1 root adm  12345 Apr 15 10:30 dpkg.log<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8212;&#8211; 1 root adm  12345 Apr 15 10:30 bootstrap.log<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/var\/lib \u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/var\/lib<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># apt  debconf  dpkg  initramfs-tools  lxd  mysql  postgresql  systemd  udisks2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> -n <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span> \/var\/log\/auth.log<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Apr 15 10:30:01 hostname sshd[1234]: Accepted password for user from 192.168.1.100 port 54321 ssh2<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Apr 15 10:30:01 hostname sshd[1234]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user user by (uid&#061;0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> -n <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span> \/var\/log\/syslog<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Apr 15 10:30:01 hostname kernel: [12345.678901] systemd[1]: Started Session 123 of user user.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Apr 15 10:30:01 hostname systemd[1]: Starting User Manager for UID 1000&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>10. \/dev \u2014\u2014 \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5165\u53e3 &#x1f5a5;\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>\/dev \u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u5982\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807&#xff09;\u548c\u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u5982\u7ec8\u7aef\u3001\u4f2a\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff09;\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/dev\/null&#xff1a;\u7a7a\u8bbe\u5907&#xff0c;\u4e22\u5f03\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/dev\/zero&#xff1a;\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/dev\/tty&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/dev\/sda&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a IDE \u786c\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/dev\/loop0&#xff1a;\u5faa\u73af\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u6302\u8f7d ISO \u6587\u4ef6\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/dev \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/dev \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9 (\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u51fa)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/dev <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -10<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># autofs  fd  full  null  ptmx  pts  random  sda  stderr  stdin  stdout  tty  urandom  zero<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/dev \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/dev\/tty*<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># crw-rw&#8212;- 1 root tty  5, 0 Apr 15 2023 \/dev\/tty<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># crw-rw&#8212;- 1 root tty  5, 2 Apr 15 2023 \/dev\/tty2<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># crw-rw&#8212;- 1 root tty  5, 1 Apr 15 2023 \/dev\/tty1<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># crw-rw&#8212;- 1 root tty  5, 3 Apr 15 2023 \/dev\/tty3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/dev \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/dev\/sd*<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># brw-rw&#8212;- 1 root disk 8, 0 Apr 15 2023 \/dev\/sda<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># brw-rw&#8212;- 1 root disk 8, 1 Apr 15 2023 \/dev\/sda1<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># brw-rw&#8212;- 1 root disk 8, 2 Apr 15 2023 \/dev\/sda2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528 cat \u548c dd \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u8bfb\u53d6 \/dev\/zero \u8bbe\u5907 (\u4ea7\u751f\u96f6)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">dd<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">if<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>\/dev\/zero <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">bs<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">count<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> hexdump -C <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -1<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.|<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 00000010<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5411 \/dev\/null \u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e (\u4e22\u5f03)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;This is a test&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> \/dev\/null<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u65e0\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>11. \/proc \u2014\u2014 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf &#x1f9e0;<\/h3>\n<p>\/proc \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5185\u6838\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6 \/proc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/proc\/cpuinfo&#xff1a;CPU \u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/meminfo&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/partitions&#xff1a;\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/pid&#xff1a;\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5982 \/proc\/1 \u8868\u793a init \u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/self&#xff1a;\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/proc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/proc \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9 (\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u51fa)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/proc <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -10<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 1  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b CPU \u4fe1\u606f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/proc\/cpuinfo <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;model name&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU &#064; 1.60GHz<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/proc\/meminfo <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> MemTotal<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># MemTotal:        8123456 kB<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f (\u5047\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u4e3a 1234)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/proc\/1234<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># dr-xr-xr-x 5 user user 0 Apr 15 10:30 \/proc\/1234<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -r&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; 1 user user 0 Apr 15 10:30 \/proc\/1234\/cmdline<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -r&#8211;r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 user user 0 Apr 15 10:30 \/proc\/1234\/environ<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -r&#8211;r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 user user 0 Apr 15 10:30 \/proc\/1234\/stat<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -r&#8211;r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 user user 0 Apr 15 10:30 \/proc\/1234\/status<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$$<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/proc\/<span class=\"token variable\">$$<\/span>\/cmdline <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">tr<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;\\\\0&#039;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039; &#039;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># bash<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/proc\/<span class=\"token variable\">$$<\/span>\/status <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;VmRSS&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># VmRSS:       12345 kB<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>12. \/sys \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf &#x1f9e9;<\/h3>\n<p>\/sys \u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e \/proc \u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/sys\/class&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/sys\/devices&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/sys\/block&#xff1a;\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/sys\/bus&#xff1a;\u603b\u7ebf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/sys \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/sys \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9 (\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u51fa)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/sys <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> -10<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># block  bus  class  devices  firmware  fs  kernel  module  power<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u8bbe\u5907 (\u786c\u76d8\u7b49)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/sys\/block\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># loop0  sda  sr0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u786c\u76d8 sda \u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/sys\/block\/sda\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># device  queue  size  stat  subsystem<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u786c\u76d8 sda \u7684\u578b\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/sys\/block\/sda\/device\/model<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Samsung SSD 860 EVO 500GB<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684 USB \u8bbe\u5907<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/sys\/bus\/usb\/devices\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 1-0:1.0  1-1:1.0  1-1.1:1.0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/present<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 0-3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/sys\/devices\/system\/memory\/*\/size<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 1048576<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 1048576<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 1048576<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 1048576<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>13. \/tmp \u2014\u2014 \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6682\u5b58\u5730 &#x1f5d1;\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>\/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u9664&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u6e05\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u653e\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e34\u65f6\u6027&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u5171\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651&#xff1a;\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la \/tmp<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 12<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxrwxrwt  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  1 root root  123 Apr 15 10:30 temp_file.txt<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwx&#8212;&#8212;  1 user user 4096 Apr 15 10:30 user_temp_dir<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -ld \/tmp<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 \/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5728 \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> \/tmp\/my_temp_file.txt<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/tmp\/my_temp_file.txt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 user user 0 Apr 15 10:30 \/tmp\/my_temp_file.txt<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5220\u9664\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> \/tmp\/my_temp_file.txt<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/tmp<\/p>\n<h3>14. \/opt \u2014\u2014 \u53ef\u9009\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u5730 &#x1f4e6;<\/h3>\n<p>\/opt \u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6216\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u72ec\u7acb\u6027&#xff1a;\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027&#xff1a;\u65b9\u4fbf\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u79fb\u9664\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d\u79f0\u547d\u540d\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/opt \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/opt \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/opt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># java  mysql  nodejs  python3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u8def\u5f84<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la \/opt\/java\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 20<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   10 Apr 15 2023 bin -&gt; \/opt\/java\/bin<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   10 Apr 15 2023 lib -&gt; \/opt\/java\/lib<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 \/opt \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> -p \/opt\/myapp\/<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>bin,lib,etc<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la \/opt\/myapp\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 20<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 bin<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 etc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 lib<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>15. \/boot \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8d77\u70b9 &#x1f680;<\/h3>\n<p>\/boot \u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5982\u5185\u6838\u955c\u50cf&#xff08;vmlinuz&#xff09;\u3001\u521d\u59cb RAM \u78c1\u76d8&#xff08;initrd&#xff09;\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u5982 GRUB&#xff09;\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vmlinuz-*&#xff1a;\u5185\u6838\u955c\u50cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>initrd.img-*&#xff1a;\u521d\u59cb RAM \u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>grub\/&#xff1a;GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/boot \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/boot \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/boot<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># abi-5.4.0-42-generic  config-5.4.0-42-generic  efi  grub  initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic  System.map-5.4.0-42-generic  vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u955c\u50cf\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316 RAM \u78c1\u76d8<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/boot\/vmlinuz* \/boot\/initrd.img*<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 root root 12345678 Apr 15 2023 \/boot\/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 root root  1234567 Apr 15 2023 \/boot\/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">uname<\/span> -r<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 5.4.0-42-generic<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/boot \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u6838\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/boot\/vmlinuz-<span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">uname<\/span> -r<span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span> \/boot\/initrd.img-<span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">uname<\/span> -r<span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 root root 12345678 Apr 15 2023 \/boot\/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 root root  1234567 Apr 15 2023 \/boot\/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>16. \/mnt \u548c \/media \u2014\u2014 \u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5bb6 &#x1f4c1;<\/h3>\n<p>\/mnt \u548c \/media \u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u6302\u8f7d\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u5982 USB \u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u3001CD\/DVD\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/mnt&#xff1a;\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/media&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u5982 USB \u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u3001CD\/DVD&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/mnt \u548c \/media \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/mnt \u76ee\u5f55 (\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/mnt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># (\u7a7a)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/media \u76ee\u5f55 (\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/media<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># user  usbdrive  cdrom<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u8bbe\u5907 (\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">mount<\/span> \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/test_mount<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/mnt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># test_mount<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u6302\u8f7d\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> -p \/mnt\/example<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6302\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mount<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> example<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># (\u65e0\u8f93\u51fa)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907 \/dev\/loop0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># sudo losetup \/dev\/loop0 \/path\/to\/image.iso<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># sudo mount \/dev\/loop0 \/mnt\/example<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6302\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mount<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> example<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \/dev\/loop0 on \/mnt\/example type iso9660 (ro,noatime)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5378\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># sudo umount \/mnt\/example<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>17. \/run \u2014\u2014 \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f &#x1f504;<\/h3>\n<p>\/run \u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;PID \u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6&#xff1a;\u4ec5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e34\u65f6\u6027&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u90fd\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6027&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709 root \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/run \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/run \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9 (\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u51fa)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/run<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># avahi-daemon  systemd  udev  user  user-runtime-dir<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b systemd \u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/run\/systemd\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 root root  10 Apr 15 10:30 system.pid<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 root root  10 Apr 15 10:30 user.pid<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/proc\/uptime<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># 123456.78 987654.32<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">who<\/span> -b<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># system boot  2023-04-15 08:00<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b (\u4f7f\u7528 \/run \u76ee\u5f55)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l \/run\/systemd\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 1 root root  10 Apr 15 10:30 system.pid<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>18. \/srv \u2014\u2014 \u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u5730 &#x1f4c2;<\/h3>\n<p>\/srv \u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u670d\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u5982 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u5bb9\u3001FTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b \/srv \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/srv \u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/srv<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ftp  www<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b Web \u670d\u52a1\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la \/srv\/www\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 20<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Apr 15 2023 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  1 root root  123 Apr 15 2023 index.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a Web \u670d\u52a1\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> -p \/srv\/www\/<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>css,js,images<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b HTML \u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">tee<\/span> \/srv\/www\/index.html <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">EOF<br \/>\n&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;html&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;head&gt;<br \/>\n    &lt;title&gt;My Service&lt;\/title&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;\/head&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;body&gt;<br \/>\n    &lt;h1&gt;Welcome to My Service&lt;\/h1&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;\/body&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;\/html&gt;<br \/>\nEOF<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -la \/srv\/www\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># total 20<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 ..<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 css<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 images<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Apr 15 10:30 js<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  1 root root  123 Apr 15 10:30 index.html<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>19. \u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5 &#x1f4dd;<\/h3>\n<p>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u9075\u5faa\u4e86 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u8981\u70b9\u56de\u987e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 (\/) \u662f\u8d77\u70b9&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/bin \u548c \/sbin \u5b58\u653e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/lib \u548c \/lib64 \u5b58\u653e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc \u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5fc3&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/home \u662f\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/usr \u662f\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9d\u5e93&#xff1a;\u5305\u542b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/var \u662f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/dev 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\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u533a&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u9075\u5b88 FHS \u6807\u51c6&#xff1a;\u9075\u5faa\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;\u4e3a \/home \u548c \/var \u7b49\u76ee\u5f55\u9884\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406 \/tmp&#xff1a;\u907f\u514d\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5907\u4efd \/etc \u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8c28\u614e\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u5982 \/bin\u3001\/sbin\u3001\/lib \u7b49&#xff0c;\u4fee\u6539\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u4fdd\u6301\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7 \/var \u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u5360\u6ee1\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u8be6\u89e3\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f&#xff0c;\u60a8\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u719f\u7ec3\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff0c;\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u51fa\u8272\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u3002&#x1f389;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd&#xff0c;\u5177\u4f53\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u800c\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)<\/li>\n<li>The Linux Documentation Project &#8211; Filesystem Hierarchy<\/li>\n<li>Linux Filesystem Basics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Mermaid \u56fe\u8868&#xff1a;Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u7c7b\u56fe<\/h4>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s 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p,#mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz .icon-shape rect,#mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz .image-shape rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-n14tvZ6PEIZbgBKz :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0e\u7279\u6b8a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4 \/bin<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span 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