{"id":65009,"date":"2026-01-24T12:08:28","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T04:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/65009.html"},"modified":"2026-01-24T12:08:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T04:08:28","slug":"web-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e8%b4%9f%e8%bd%bd%e5%9d%87%e8%a1%a1%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9anginx-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5%e5%ae%8c%e5%85%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/65009.html","title":{"rendered":"Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff1aNginx \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1.2 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>1.3 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. Nginx \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8be6\u89e3<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 Nginx \u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u52bf<\/li>\n<li>2.2 Nginx \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. 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circle,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-SeZxaBC7C4OtHwQ0 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid 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class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef2<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefn<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u56681<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u56682<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u56683<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668n<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3b\u5e93<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ece\u5e93<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f13\u5b58\u96c6\u7fa4<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1.3 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c42\u6b21\u4f18\u70b9\u7f3a\u70b9\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>DNS\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/td>\n<td>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u6210\u672c\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u65b0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5927&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<td>\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u8d1f\u8f7d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u786c\u4ef6\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/td>\n<td>\u7f51\u7edc\/\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd&#xff0c;\u9ad8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u6210\u672c\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u6269\u5c55\u4e0d\u7075\u6d3b<\/td>\n<td>\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u6838\u5fc3\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/td>\n<td>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u6210\u672c\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u7075\u6d3b\u53ef\u6269\u5c55<\/td>\n<td>\u6027\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e3b\u673a\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<td>\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e91\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/td>\n<td>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u73af\u8282&#xff0c;\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b<\/td>\n<td>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742<\/td>\n<td>\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>2. Nginx \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<h4>2.1 Nginx \u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n<p>Nginx \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4f18\u52bf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u67b6\u6784&#xff1a;\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O&#xff0c;\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5c11&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u5c11<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u7075\u6d3b&#xff1a;\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5<\/li>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc&#xff1a;\u652f\u6301HTTP\u3001TCP\u3001UDP\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<h4>2.2 Nginx \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<h5>\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p># nginx.conf \u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784<br \/>\nhttp {<br \/>\n    # \u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff08;\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u540e\u7aef&#xff09;<br \/>\n    upstream backend_servers {<br \/>\n        # \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5<br \/>\n        # \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n        # \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 80;<br \/>\n        server_name example.com;<\/p>\n<p>        location \/ {<br \/>\n            # \u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4<br \/>\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_servers;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u4ee3\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e<br \/>\n            proxy_connect_timeout 10s;<br \/>\n            proxy_read_timeout 30s;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h3>3. Nginx \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;Round Robin&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    upstream backend {<br \/>\n        # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u662f\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:8080;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 80;<\/p>\n<p>        location \/ {<br \/>\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<br \/>\n            proxy_connect_timeout 5s;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<br \/>\n            proxy_send_timeout 10s;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<br \/>\n            proxy_read_timeout 30s;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u542f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2<br \/>\n            proxy_buffering on;<br \/>\n            proxy_buffer_size 4k;<br \/>\n            proxy_buffers 8 4k;<br \/>\n            proxy_busy_buffers_size 8k;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h5>\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u53d1\u793a\u610f\u56fe&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .label text,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node rect,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node circle,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node .label,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .icon-shape rect,#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .image-shape rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-gDSDbYqDvQDhHz2S :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u56681192.168.1.101:8080<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u56682192.168.1.102:8080<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u56683192.168.1.103:8080<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u54cd\u5e941<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u54cd\u5e942<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u54cd\u5e943<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;Weighted Round Robin&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    upstream backend {<br \/>\n        # \u6743\u91cd\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d8a\u591a<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080 weight&#061;5;  # 50%\u7684\u6d41\u91cf<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080 weight&#061;3;  # 30%\u7684\u6d41\u91cf<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:8080 weight&#061;2;  # 20%\u7684\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>        # \u6743\u91cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6743\u91cd \/ \u603b\u6743\u91cd<br \/>\n        # \u670d\u52a1\u56681: 5\/(5&#043;3&#043;2) &#061; 50%<br \/>\n        # \u670d\u52a1\u56682: 3\/(5&#043;3&#043;2) &#061; 30%<br \/>\n        # \u670d\u52a1\u56683: 2\/(5&#043;3&#043;2) &#061; 20%<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 80;<br \/>\n        server_name app.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f<br \/>\n        log_format upstream_log &#039;$remote_addr &#8211; $remote_user [$time_local] &#039;<br \/>\n                               &#039;&#034;$request&#034; $status $body_bytes_sent &#039;<br \/>\n                               &#039;&#034;$http_referer&#034; &#034;$http_user_agent&#034; &#039;<br \/>\n                               &#039;upstream: $upstream_addr &#039;<br \/>\n                               &#039;response_time: $upstream_response_time&#039;;<\/p>\n<p>        access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log upstream_log;<br \/>\n        error_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log warn;<\/p>\n<p>        location \/ {<br \/>\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u5934\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;<\/p>\n<p>            # Cookie \u548c Session \u76f8\u5173<br \/>\n            proxy_cookie_path \/ &#034;\/; HttpOnly; Secure&#034;;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n            proxy_buffer_size 128k;<br \/>\n            proxy_buffers 4 256k;<br \/>\n            proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e<br \/>\n            proxy_connect_timeout 60s;<br \/>\n            proxy_send_timeout 60s;<br \/>\n            proxy_read_timeout 60s;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n            proxy_redirect off;<br \/>\n            proxy_http_version 1.1;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Connection &#034;&#034;;<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        # \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u70b9&#xff08;\u53ef\u9009&#xff09;<br \/>\n        location \/health {<br \/>\n            access_log off;<br \/>\n            return 200 &#034;healthy\\\\n&#034;;<br \/>\n            add_header Content-Type text\/plain;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h4>3.3 IP\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;IP Hash&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    # \u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5<br \/>\n    upstream backend {<br \/>\n        ip_hash;  # \u542f\u7528IP\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:8080;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u603b\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668<br \/>\n        # \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u5e94\u7528<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c&#xff08;Nginx Plus \u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757&#xff09;<br \/>\n    upstream backend_consistent {<br \/>\n        hash $remote_addr consistent;  # \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c<\/p>\n<p>        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:8080;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 80;<\/p>\n<p>        location \/ {<br \/>\n            # \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<br \/>\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5173\u5934\u90e8<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u5982\u679c\u540e\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528Sticky Session&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u7279\u5b9aCookie<br \/>\n            # proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h4>3.4 \u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;Least Connections&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    upstream backend {<br \/>\n        least_conn;  # \u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:8080;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u6743\u91cd\u4f7f\u7528<br \/>\n        # server 192.168.1.101:8080 weight&#061;3;<br \/>\n        # server 192.168.1.102:8080 weight&#061;2;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 80;<\/p>\n<p>        location \/ {<br \/>\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u76d1\u63a7\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u76d1\u63a7&#xff08;\u9700\u8981Nginx status\u6a21\u5757&#xff09;<br \/>\n            # stub_status on;  # \u5728server\u5757\u4e2d\u542f\u7528<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        # Nginx\u72b6\u6001\u76d1\u63a7\u9875\u9762<br \/>\n        location \/nginx_status {<br \/>\n            stub_status on;<br \/>\n            access_log off;<br \/>\n            allow 192.168.1.0\/24;  # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee<br \/>\n            deny all;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u9ad8\u7ea7\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    upstream backend {<br \/>\n        # \u57fa\u7840\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080 max_fails&#061;3 fail_timeout&#061;30s;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080 max_fails&#061;3 fail_timeout&#061;30s;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:8080 max_fails&#061;3 fail_timeout&#061;30s;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\n        # max_fails: \u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570<br \/>\n        # fail_timeout: \u5931\u8d25\u540e\u6682\u505c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>        # \u5bf9\u4e8eNginx Plus\u6216OpenResty&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u4e3b\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5<br \/>\n        # health_check interval&#061;5s fails&#061;3 passes&#061;2;<br \/>\n        # health_check_timeout 3s;<br \/>\n        # health_check_status 200;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5&#xff08;\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u6216OpenResty&#xff09;<br \/>\n    upstream backend_with_healthcheck {<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:8080;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u4f7f\u7528nginx_upstream_check_module<br \/>\n        check interval&#061;3000 rise&#061;2 fall&#061;3 timeout&#061;1000 type&#061;http;<br \/>\n        check_http_send &#034;HEAD \/health HTTP\/1.0\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n&#034;;<br \/>\n        check_http_expect_alive http_2xx http_3xx;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 80;<\/p>\n<p>        location \/ {<br \/>\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_with_healthcheck;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<br \/>\n            proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;<br \/>\n            proxy_next_upstream_tries 3;<br \/>\n            proxy_next_upstream_timeout 10s;<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        # \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u70b9<br \/>\n        location \/upstream_check {<br \/>\n            internal;  # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<p>            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301&#xff08;Session Persistence&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    # \u65b9\u6cd51&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528IP\u54c8\u5e0c&#xff08;\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u4e0d\u591f\u7cbe\u786e&#xff09;<br \/>\n    upstream backend_ip_hash {<br \/>\n        ip_hash;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u65b9\u6cd52&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528Cookie&#xff08;\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e&#xff09;<br \/>\n    upstream backend_sticky {<br \/>\n        # \u9700\u8981nginx-sticky-module\u6a21\u5757<br \/>\n        sticky cookie srv_id expires&#061;1h domain&#061;.example.com path&#061;\/;<\/p>\n<p>        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u65b9\u6cd53&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528Nginx Plus\u7684sticky\u6307\u4ee4<br \/>\n    upstream backend_plus {<br \/>\n        zone backend_zone 64k;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<\/p>\n<p>        # Nginx Plus\u7279\u6709<br \/>\n        # sticky cookie srv_id expires&#061;1h;<br \/>\n        # or<br \/>\n        # sticky route $route_cookie $route_uri;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u65b9\u6cd54&#xff1a;\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301&#xff08;\u63a8\u8350&#xff09;<br \/>\n    upstream backend_app {<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080;<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 80;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u4f7f\u7528Redis\u7b49\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u89e3\u51b3\u4f1a\u8bdd\u95ee\u9898<br \/>\n        location \/ {<br \/>\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_app;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u4f20\u9012\u4f1a\u8bddCookie<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;<br \/>\n            proxy_cookie_path \/ &#034;\/; HttpOnly; Secure&#034;;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528JWT\u7b49\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u8ba4\u8bc1<br \/>\n            proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        # \u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u79bb<br \/>\n        location ~* \\\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {<br \/>\n            expires 1y;<br \/>\n            add_header Cache-Control &#034;public, immutable&#034;;<\/p>\n<p>            # \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528CDN\u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u5668<br \/>\n            root \/var\/www\/static;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h4>4.3 TCP\/UDP \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/h4>\n<p># TCP\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e&#xff08;stream\u6a21\u5757&#xff09;<br \/>\nstream {<br \/>\n    # \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4<br \/>\n    upstream backend_tcp {<br \/>\n        # \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5<br \/>\n        hash $remote_addr consistent;  # \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c<\/p>\n<p>        server 192.168.1.101:3306 weight&#061;5;  # MySQL\u4e3b\u5e93<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.102:3306 weight&#061;3;  # MySQL\u4ece\u5e931<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.103:3306 weight&#061;2;  # MySQL\u4ece\u5e932<\/p>\n<p>        # \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5&#xff08;Nginx Plus&#xff09;<br \/>\n        # health_check interval&#061;10s passes&#061;2 fails&#061;3;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    upstream backend_redis {<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.111:6379;  # Redis\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.112:6379;  # Redis\u4ece\u8282\u70b91<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.113:6379;  # Redis\u4ece\u8282\u70b92<\/p>\n<p>        # Redis\u54e8\u5175\u6a21\u5f0f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<br \/>\n        # server 192.168.1.114:26379;<br \/>\n        # server 192.168.1.115:26379;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n    server {<br \/>\n        listen 3307;  # \u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u7aef\u53e3<br \/>\n        proxy_pass backend_tcp;<\/p>\n<p>        # TCP\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n        proxy_connect_timeout 5s;<br \/>\n        proxy_timeout 3600s;<br \/>\n        proxy_buffer_size 16k;<\/p>\n<p>        # SSL\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981&#xff09;<br \/>\n        # ssl on;<br \/>\n        # ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/cert.pem;<br \/>\n        # ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/key.pem;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # Redis\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<br \/>\n    server {<br \/>\n        listen 6380;<br \/>\n        proxy_pass backend_redis;<\/p>\n<p>        # Redis\u534f\u8bae\u4fdd\u6301<br \/>\n        proxy_protocol on;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # UDP\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u793a\u4f8b&#xff08;DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;<br \/>\n    upstream dns_servers {<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.201:53;  # DNS\u670d\u52a1\u56681<br \/>\n        server 192.168.1.202:53;  # DNS\u670d\u52a1\u56682<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    server {<br \/>\n        listen 53 udp reuseport;<br \/>\n        proxy_pass dns_servers;<br \/>\n        proxy_timeout 1s;<br \/>\n        proxy_responses 1;<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 \u591a\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<p># nginx.conf &#8211; \u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nuser nginx;<br \/>\nworker_processes auto;  # \u81ea\u52a8\u6839\u636eCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e<br \/>\nworker_rlimit_nofile 65535;  # \u6bcf\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570<\/p>\n<p>error_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log warn;<br \/>\npid \/var\/run\/nginx.pid;<\/p>\n<p>events {<br \/>\n    worker_connections 4096;  # \u6bcf\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<br \/>\n    use epoll;  # Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528epoll\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b<br \/>\n    multi_accept on;  # \u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/mime.types;<br \/>\n    default_type application\/octet-stream;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f<br \/>\n    log_format main &#039;$remote_addr &#8211; $remote_user [$time_local] &#034;$request&#034; &#039;<br \/>\n                    &#039;$status $body_bytes_sent &#034;$http_referer&#034; &#039;<br \/>\n                    &#039;&#034;$http_user_agent&#034; &#034;$http_x_forwarded_for&#034; &#039;<br \/>\n                    &#039;upstream_addr&#061;$upstream_addr &#039;<br \/>\n                    &#039;upstream_status&#061;$upstream_status &#039;<br \/>\n                    &#039;request_time&#061;$request_time &#039;<br \/>\n                    &#039;upstream_response_time&#061;$upstream_response_time&#039;;<\/p>\n<p>    access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log main buffer&#061;32k flush&#061;5s;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u57fa\u7840\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    sendfile on;<br \/>\n    tcp_nopush on;<br \/>\n    tcp_nodelay on;<br \/>\n    keepalive_timeout 65;<br \/>\n    keepalive_requests 1000;<br \/>\n    client_max_body_size 10m;<br \/>\n    client_body_buffer_size 128k;<\/p>\n<p>    # Gzip\u538b\u7f29<br \/>\n    gzip on;<br \/>\n    gzip_vary on;<br \/>\n    gzip_min_length 1024;<br \/>\n    gzip_comp_level 6;<br \/>\n    gzip_types text\/plain text\/css text\/xml text\/javascript<br \/>\n               application\/json application\/javascript application\/xml&#043;rss<br \/>\n               application\/atom&#043;xml image\/svg&#043;xml;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5f15\u5165\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/upstreams\/*.conf;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5f15\u5165\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/*.conf;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p># \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/upstreams\/backend.conf<br \/>\n# \u7528\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4<br \/>\nupstream user_service {<br \/>\n    zone user_service_zone 64k;<br \/>\n    least_conn;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u670d\u52a1\u5668<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.11:8080 weight&#061;3 max_fails&#061;2 fail_timeout&#061;30s;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.12:8080 weight&#061;3 max_fails&#061;2 fail_timeout&#061;30s;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.13:8080 weight&#061;2 max_fails&#061;2 fail_timeout&#061;30s;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.14:8080 weight&#061;2 max_fails&#061;2 fail_timeout&#061;30s;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5907\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\u5668<br \/>\n    server 10.0.2.11:8080 backup;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301&#xff08;Nginx Plus&#xff09;<br \/>\n    # sticky cookie srv_id expires&#061;1h domain&#061;.example.com path&#061;\/;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p># \u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4<br \/>\nupstream order_service {<br \/>\n    zone order_service_zone 64k;<br \/>\n    ip_hash;<\/p>\n<p>    server 10.0.1.21:8080;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.22:8080;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.23:8080;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u6162\u542f\u52a8&#xff08;Nginx Plus&#xff09;<br \/>\n    # server 10.0.1.24:8080 slow_start&#061;30s;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p># \u652f\u4ed8\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4<br \/>\nupstream payment_service {<br \/>\n    zone payment_service_zone 64k;<\/p>\n<p>    server 10.0.1.31:8080 weight&#061;5;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.32:8080 weight&#061;5;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.33:8080 weight&#061;3;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.34:8080 weight&#061;3;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n    # health_check interval&#061;5s fails&#061;3 passes&#061;2 uri&#061;\/health;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p># API\u7f51\u5173\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\nupstream api_gateway {<br \/>\n    zone api_gateway_zone 64k;<br \/>\n    hash $request_uri consistent;<\/p>\n<p>    server 10.0.1.41:8080;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.42:8080;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.1.43:8080;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p># \u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u5668<br \/>\nupstream static_servers {<br \/>\n    zone static_servers_zone 64k;<\/p>\n<p>    server 10.0.3.11:80;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.3.12:80;<br \/>\n    server 10.0.3.13:80;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7279\u5b9a\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    keepalive 32;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h4>5.3 \u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<p># \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/api.example.com.conf<br \/>\nserver {<br \/>\n    listen 80;<br \/>\n    server_name api.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    # SSL\u914d\u7f6e&#xff08;\u63a8\u8350\u542f\u7528HTTPS&#xff09;<br \/>\n    listen 443 ssl http2;<br \/>\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/api.example.com.crt;<br \/>\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/ssl\/private\/api.example.com.key;<br \/>\n    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;<br \/>\n    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512;<br \/>\n    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;<br \/>\n    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;<br \/>\n    ssl_session_timeout 10m;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5b89\u5168\u5934<br \/>\n    add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;<br \/>\n    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;<br \/>\n    add_header X-XSS-Protection &#034;1; mode&#061;block&#034;;<br \/>\n    add_header Strict-Transport-Security &#034;max-age&#061;31536000; includeSubDomains&#034; always;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u9650\u6d41\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone&#061;api_limit:10m rate&#061;10r\/s;<\/p>\n<p>    # API\u7248\u672c\u8def\u7531<br \/>\n    location ~ ^\/api\/v1\/users {<br \/>\n        limit_req zone&#061;api_limit burst&#061;20 nodelay;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u8ba4\u8bc1\u68c0\u67e5<br \/>\n        auth_request \/auth;<br \/>\n        auth_request_set $auth_status $upstream_status;<\/p>\n<p>        proxy_pass http:\/\/user_service;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-API-Version v1;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e<br \/>\n        proxy_connect_timeout 5s;<br \/>\n        proxy_send_timeout 30s;<br \/>\n        proxy_read_timeout 30s;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<br \/>\n        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;<br \/>\n        proxy_next_upstream_tries 3;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u7f13\u5b58\u8bbe\u7f6e<br \/>\n        proxy_cache api_cache;<br \/>\n        proxy_cache_key &#034;$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri&#034;;<br \/>\n        proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1m;<br \/>\n        proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;<br \/>\n        proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;<br \/>\n        add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    location ~ ^\/api\/v1\/orders {<br \/>\n        limit_req zone&#061;api_limit burst&#061;20 nodelay;<\/p>\n<p>        proxy_pass http:\/\/order_service;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-API-Version v1;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-Session-ID $cookie_sessionid;<br \/>\n        proxy_cookie_path \/ &#034;\/; HttpOnly; Secure&#034;;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    location ~ ^\/api\/v1\/payments {<br \/>\n        limit_req zone&#061;api_limit burst&#061;10 nodelay;<\/p>\n<p>        proxy_pass http:\/\/payment_service;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-API-Version v1;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u652f\u4ed8\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<br \/>\n        proxy_connect_timeout 10s;<br \/>\n        proxy_send_timeout 60s;<br \/>\n        proxy_read_timeout 60s;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u8ba4\u8bc1\u7aef\u70b9<br \/>\n    location &#061; \/auth {<br \/>\n        internal;<br \/>\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/auth_service;<br \/>\n        proxy_pass_request_body off;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header Content-Length &#034;&#034;;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u70b9<br \/>\n    location \/health {<br \/>\n        access_log off;<br \/>\n        stub_status on;<\/p>\n<p>        # \u68c0\u67e5\u5404\u4e2a\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/user_service\/actuator\/health;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header Host $host;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u76d1\u63a7\u7aef\u70b9<br \/>\n    location \/metrics {<br \/>\n        access_log off;<\/p>\n<p>        # Prometheus\u6307\u6807\u7aef\u70b9<br \/>\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/monitoring_service:9090;<br \/>\n        proxy_set_header Host $host;<\/p>\n<p>        allow 10.0.0.0\/8;  # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee<br \/>\n        deny all;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n    location ~* \\\\.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {<br \/>\n        expires 1y;<br \/>\n        add_header Cache-Control &#034;public, immutable&#034;;<\/p>\n<p>        proxy_pass http:\/\/static_servers;<br \/>\n        proxy_cache static_cache;<br \/>\n        proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1y;<br \/>\n        proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    # \u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762<br \/>\n    error_page 404 \/404.html;<br \/>\n    error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;<\/p>\n<p>    location &#061; \/50x.html {<br \/>\n        root \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html;<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 Nginx \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18<\/h4>\n<p># \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf &#8211; \u4f18\u5316\u7248\u672c<br \/>\nuser nginx;<br \/>\nworker_processes auto;<br \/>\nworker_rlimit_nofile 100000;  # \u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n<p>error_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log crit;<br \/>\npid \/run\/nginx.pid;<\/p>\n<p>events {<br \/>\n    worker_connections 65536;  # \u63d0\u9ad8\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<br \/>\n    use epoll;<br \/>\n    multi_accept on;<br \/>\n    accept_mutex off;  # \u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u9501<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>http {<br \/>\n    # \u57fa\u7840\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    sendfile on;<br \/>\n    tcp_nopush on;<br \/>\n    tcp_nodelay on;<br \/>\n    types_hash_max_size 2048;<br \/>\n    server_tokens off;  # \u9690\u85cfNginx\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<p>    # \u8fde\u63a5\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    keepalive_timeout 30;<br \/>\n    keepalive_requests 10000;<br \/>\n    reset_timedout_connection on;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    client_body_timeout 10;<br \/>\n    client_header_timeout 10;<br \/>\n    send_timeout 10;<br \/>\n    client_max_body_size 20m;<br \/>\n    client_body_buffer_size 256k;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    proxy_buffering on;<br \/>\n    proxy_buffer_size 32k;<br \/>\n    proxy_buffers 8 32k;<br \/>\n    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;<br \/>\n    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u538b\u7f29\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    gzip on;<br \/>\n    gzip_vary on;<br \/>\n    gzip_min_length 256;<br \/>\n    gzip_comp_level 5;<br \/>\n    gzip_types *;  # \u538b\u7f29\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p>    # \u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    open_file_cache max&#061;100000 inactive&#061;20s;<br \/>\n    open_file_cache_valid 30s;<br \/>\n    open_file_cache_min_uses 2;<br \/>\n    open_file_cache_errors on;<\/p>\n<p>    # SSL\u4f18\u5316<br \/>\n    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;<br \/>\n    ssl_session_timeout 1d;<br \/>\n    ssl_session_tickets off;<br \/>\n    ssl_stapling on;<br \/>\n    ssl_stapling_verify on;<br \/>\n    resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid&#061;300s;<br \/>\n    resolver_timeout 5s;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u8bf7\u6c42\u9650\u6d41<br \/>\n    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone&#061;perip:10m rate&#061;100r\/s;<br \/>\n    limit_req_zone $server_name zone&#061;perserver:10m rate&#061;1000r\/s;<\/p>\n<p>    include \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/*.conf;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h4>6.2 \u76d1\u63a7\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token shebang important\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># monitor_nginx.sh &#8211; Nginx\u76d1\u63a7\u811a\u672c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u76d1\u63a7Nginx\u72b6\u6001<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">NGINX_STATUS_URL<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;http:\/\/localhost\/nginx_status&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function-name function\">check_nginx_process<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> pgrep -x <span class=\"token string\">&#034;nginx&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> \/dev\/null<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u2705 Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u5e38&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u274c Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u8fd0\u884c&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u83b7\u53d6Nginx\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function-name function\">get_nginx_status<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">curl<\/span> -s <span class=\"token variable\">$NGINX_STATUS_URL<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">read<\/span> line<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">do<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">case<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$line<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span><br \/>\n            Active*<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $3}&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            accepts*<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5df2\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $2}&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            handled*<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5df2\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $2}&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            requests*<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u603b\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $2}&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            Reading*<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6b63\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $2}&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8fde\u63a5: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $4}&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $6}&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">esac<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">done<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72b6\u6001<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function-name function\">check_upstream_servers<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#061;&#061;&#061; \u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72b6\u6001 &#061;&#061;&#061;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528nginx-module-vts\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7aef\u70b9<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">services<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;user_service&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;order_service&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;payment_service&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token for-or-select variable\">service<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token variable\">${services<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>&#064;<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>}<\/span>&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">do<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">count<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span>nginx -t <span class=\"token operator\"><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">2<\/span>&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">&amp;1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> -c <span class=\"token string\">&#034;server.*<span class=\"token variable\">$service<\/span>&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token variable\">$service<\/span>: \u914d\u7f6e\u4e86 <span class=\"token variable\">$count<\/span> \u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">done<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function-name function\">monitor_error_log<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#061;&#061;&#061; \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7 &#061;&#061;&#061;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">ERROR_LOG<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> -f <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token variable\">$ERROR_LOG<\/span>&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">recent_errors<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> -100 $ERROR_LOG <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> -E <span class=\"token string\">&#034;(error|emerg|crit)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> -l<span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6700\u8fd1100\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6570: <span class=\"token variable\">$recent_errors<\/span>&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$recent_errors<\/span> -gt <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u26a0\ufe0f  \u8b66\u544a: \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9519\u8bef&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> -20 <span class=\"token variable\">$ERROR_LOG<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u4e3b\u51fd\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function-name function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u76d1\u63a7\u62a5\u544a&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#061;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u65f6\u95f4: <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    check_nginx_process<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$?<\/span> -eq <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n        get_nginx_status<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n        check_upstream_servers<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n        monitor_error_log<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u6267\u884c\u76d1\u63a7<\/span><br \/>\nmain<\/p>\n<h4>6.3 Prometheus &#043; Grafana \u76d1\u63a7\u4eea\u8868\u677f<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># prometheus.yml &#8211; Nginx\u76d1\u63a7\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token key atrule\">global<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token key atrule\">scrape_interval<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> 15s<br \/>\n  <span class=\"token key atrule\">evaluation_interval<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> 15s<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token key atrule\">scrape_configs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">job_name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;nginx&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">static_configs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">targets<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;localhost:9113&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># nginx-prometheus-exporter<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">metrics_path<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> \/metrics<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">scrape_interval<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> 10s<\/p>\n<p>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">job_name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;nginx_status&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">static_configs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">targets<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;nginx-host:80&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">metrics_path<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> \/nginx_status<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">params<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n      <span class=\"token key atrule\">format<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>prometheus<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">job_name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;node_exporter&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">static_configs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">targets<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;nginx-host:9100&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token key atrule\">rule_files<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;nginx_alerts.yml&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># nginx_alerts.yml &#8211; \u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token key atrule\">groups<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> nginx_alerts<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token key atrule\">rules<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">alert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> NginxDown<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">expr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> nginx_up &#061;&#061; 0<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> 1m<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">labels<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">severity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> critical<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">annotations<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">summary<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Nginx\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0b\u7ebf&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">description<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;{{ $labels.instance }} \u4e0a\u7684Nginx\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0b\u7ebf\u8d85\u8fc71\u5206\u949f&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>      <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">alert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> HighErrorRate<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">expr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> rate(nginx_http_requests_total<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>status&#061;~&#034;5..&#034;<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>5m<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>) \/ rate(nginx_http_requests_total<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>5m<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>) <span class=\"token punctuation\">&gt;<\/span> 0.05<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> 2m<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">labels<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">severity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> warning<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">annotations<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">summary<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u9ad8\u9519\u8bef\u7387&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">description<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;{{ $labels.instance }} \u76845xx\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u8d85\u8fc75%&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>      <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token key atrule\">alert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> HighRequestLatency<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">expr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> histogram_quantile(0.95<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> rate(nginx_http_request_duration_seconds_bucket<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>5m<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>)) <span class=\"token punctuation\">&gt;<\/span> 1<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> 5m<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">labels<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">severity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> warning<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token key atrule\">annotations<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">summary<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u9ad8\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u8fdf&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token key atrule\">description<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;{{ $labels.instance }} \u768495%\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8d85\u8fc71\u79d2&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>7. \u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<h4>7.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token shebang important\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># nginx_troubleshoot.sh &#8211; Nginx\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u5de5\u5177<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#061;&#061;&#061; Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u5de5\u5177 &#061;&#061;&#061;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 1. \u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;1. \u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5&#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nnginx -t<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 2. \u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;2. \u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001&#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> aux <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> nginx <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> -v <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 3. \u68c0\u67e5\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;3. \u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3&#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">netstat<\/span> -tlnp <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> nginx<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 4. \u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;4. \u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u901a\u6027&#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token assign-left variable\">UPSTREAM_FILE<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/upstreams\/backend.conf&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> -f <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token variable\">$UPSTREAM_FILE<\/span>&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u627e\u5230\u4e0a\u6e38\u914d\u7f6e: <span class=\"token variable\">$UPSTREAM_FILE<\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;server &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$UPSTREAM_FILE<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">read<\/span> line<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">do<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">host<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $2}&#039;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">cut<\/span> -d: -f1<span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">port<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> $line <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">awk<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;{print $2}&#039;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">cut<\/span> -d: -f2<span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> -n <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u68c0\u67e5 <span class=\"token variable\">$host<\/span>:<span class=\"token variable\">$port<\/span> &#8230; &#034;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">nc<\/span> -z -w <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$host<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$port<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u2705 \u6b63\u5e38&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u274c \u5931\u8d25&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">done<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 5. \u68c0\u67e5\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u72b6\u6001<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;5. \u68c0\u67e5\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u72b6\u6001&#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">curl<\/span> -s http:\/\/localhost\/nginx_status <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> \/dev\/null<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Nginx\u72b6\u6001\u9875\u9762\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">curl<\/span> -s http:\/\/localhost\/nginx_status<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Nginx\u72b6\u6001\u9875\u9762\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 6. \u68c0\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;6. \u68c0\u67e5\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7&#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> -20 \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 7. \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;7. \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#8230;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528:&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> -h<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;CPU\u4f7f\u7528:&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">top<\/span> -bn1 <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Cpu(s)&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1:&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">netstat<\/span> -an <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> :80 <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> -l<\/p>\n<h4>7.2 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528include\u6307\u4ee4\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u542f\u7528HTTPS\u548cHTTP\/2<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8<\/li>\n<li>\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u9690\u85cfNginx\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6839\u636eCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6eworker_processes<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u6574\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n<li>\u542f\u7528Gzip\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u542f\u7528Nginx\u72b6\u6001\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<li>\u96c6\u6210Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\u544a\u8b66<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u5206\u6790\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u90e8\u7f72&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u53f0Nginx\u7ec4\u6210\u96c6\u7fa4<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6eKeepalived\u5b9e\u73b0VIP\u6f02\u79fb<\/li>\n<li>\u8003\u8651\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h3>8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>Nginx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668&#xff0c;\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406&#xff1a;\u8f7b\u677e\u5e94\u5bf9\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>\u667a\u80fd\u8def\u7531&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u6545\u969c\u5bb9\u9519&#xff1a;\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u5254\u9664\u6545\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<li>\u7075\u6d3b\u6269\u5c55&#xff1a;\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u79fb\u9664\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u914d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u5145\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u4f53\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u538b\u6d4b\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u76f8\u4fe1\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6269\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nginx\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/li>\n<li>Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/li>\n<li>Nginx\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u6307\u5357<\/li>\n<li>\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u8df5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nginx-config-formatter<\/li>\n<li>ngxtop &#8211; Nginx\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7<\/li>\n<li>GoAccess &#8211; Nginx\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u60a8\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9&#xff01;\u5982\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260124040826-697445bae1c1f.gif\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f551. \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff1f;\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c&#xff1a;1.2 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4f4d\u7f6e1.3 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b2. Nginx \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8be6\u89e32.1 Nginx \u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u52bf2.2 Nginx \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;3. 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