{"id":64184,"date":"2026-01-22T23:04:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T15:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/64184.html"},"modified":"2026-01-22T23:04:39","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T15:04:39","slug":"%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8e%e8%99%9a%e6%8b%9f%e5%8c%96%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%87%8d%e7%82%b9-1-1-%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e5%92%8c%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/64184.html","title":{"rendered":"\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u5316\u5b89\u5168\u91cd\u70b9 1.1.\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u6d41\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u5b8f\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Monolithic Kernel&#xff09;\u4e0e\u5fae\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Microkernel&#xff09;\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ece\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5212\u5206<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6280\u672f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>2. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u6d41\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u5b8f\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Monolithic Kernel&#xff09;\u4e0e\u5fae\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Microkernel&#xff09;\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b8f\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Monolithic Kernel&#xff09; \u4e0e \u5fae\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Microkernel&#xff09; \u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u67b6\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5b8f\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Monolithic Kernel&#xff09;\u5fae\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Microkernel&#xff09;<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66<\/td>\n<td>\u5927\u800c\u5168&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>\u5c0f\u800c\u7cbe&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5e03<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b49\u5747\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8&#xff08;\u6a21\u5757\u95f4\u8c03\u7528\u65e0\u9700\u8de8\u8d8a\u7528\u6237\u6001\/\u5185\u6838\u6001\u8fb9\u754c&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e&#xff08;\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u4e0e\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u5e26\u6765\u5f00\u9500&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5d29\u6e83\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83<\/td>\n<td>\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5d29\u6e83\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4<\/td>\n<td>\u6269\u5c55\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u8f83\u590d\u6742&#xff1b;\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7\u5e38\u9700\u91cd\u542f<\/td>\n<td>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u66f4\u65b0&#xff0c;\u6613\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5178\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<td>Linux\u3001UNIX\u3001\u65e9\u671fWindows<\/td>\n<td>Windows NT&#xff08;\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c&#xff09;\u3001macOS&#xff08;\u57fa\u4e8eMach&#xff09;\u3001Minix\u3001HarmonyOS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a; \u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Hybrid Kernel&#xff09;\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u5728\u5fae\u5185\u6838\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u9a71\u52a8&#xff09;\u4ecd\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd&#xff0c;\u5982Windows NT\u4e0emacOS\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u5185\u6838\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ece\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5212\u5206<\/h3>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5668&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u5927\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\/\u6280\u672f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>CPU\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<td>1. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0e\u64a4\u95002. CPU\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff08;\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528CPU&#xff09;3. \u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94<\/td>\n<td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757&#xff08;PCB&#xff09;\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;FCFS\u3001RR\u3001MLFQ\u7b49&#xff09;\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u6b21<\/td>\n<td>1. \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u56de\u65362. \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a43. \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff08;\u9875\u9762\u7f6e\u6362\u3001\u6bb5\u9875\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406&#xff09;4. \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u9875\u8868\u3001TLB\u3001\u9875\u9762\u7f6e\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;FIFO\u3001LRU\u7b49&#xff09;\u3001\u5206\u6bb5\u4e0e\u5206\u9875<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<td>1. \u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u62bd\u8c61&#xff08;\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3&#xff09;2. \u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u56de\u6536&#xff08;\u72ec\u5360\/\u5171\u4eab\/\u865a\u62df&#xff09;3. \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0eI\/O\u8c03\u5ea64. \u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u4e0eDMA\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u5907\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001SPOOLing\u3001I\/O\u961f\u5217\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u6c60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28<\/td>\n<td>1. \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec72. \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236&#xff09;3. \u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406&#xff08;\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u56de\u6536&#xff09;4. \u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u6062\u590d\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bc6<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u5757&#xff08;FCB&#xff09;\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u914d\u8868&#xff08;FAT&#xff09;\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7528\u6237\u63a5\u53e3<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92<\/td>\n<td>1. \u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53e3&#xff08;CLI&#xff09;2. \u56fe\u5f62\u63a5\u53e3&#xff08;GUI&#xff09;3. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3&#xff08;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528API&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>Shell\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5e93&#xff08;\u5982libc&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a; \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e94\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u5b64\u7acb&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406&#xff09;\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u78c1\u76d8I\/O&#xff08;\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406&#xff09;\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58&#xff08;\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406&#xff09;\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85&#xff08;CPU\u7ba1\u7406&#xff09;\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e94\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u534f\u8c03&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u900f\u660e\u5171\u4eab\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6280\u672f<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u4e09\u79cd\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6027\u8d28&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u79c1\u6709&#xff0c;\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u533a&#xff08;\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4&#xff08;\u5982 files_struct \u4e2d\u7684 fd_array[]&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff08;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570&#xff09;\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8be5\u8868\u9879\u6307\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6027\u8d28&#xff1a;\u5168\u5c40\u5171\u4eab&#xff0c;\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u6838\u7ed3\u6784\u6570\u7ec4&#xff08;\u5982 file \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u504f\u79fb\u6307\u9488&#xff1a;\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\/\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u53ea\u8bfb\u3001\u53ea\u5199\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7&#xff1a;\u5982 O_APPEND, O_NONBLOCK\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570&#xff1a;\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6307\u5411\u5185\u5b58\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u9879\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff08;f_inode \u6216 vnode&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u8868<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6027\u8d28&#xff1a;\u5168\u5c40\u5171\u4eab&#xff0c;\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u6d3b\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6 inode \u7684\u5185\u6838\u7ed3\u6784\u6570\u7ec4&#xff08;\u5982 inode \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u7f13\u5b58\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u78c1\u76d8inode\u526f\u672c&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0d\u540c&#xff08;\u810f&#xff09;\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570&#xff1a;\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u9879\u6307\u5411\u5b83&#xff08;\u5373\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6b21\u6570&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u5c5e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6d41<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 open(\u201c\/path\/file\u201d) \u65f6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u5f84\u67e5\u627e&#xff08;namei&#xff09;\u627e\u5230\u6216\u521b\u5efa&#xff08;ialloc&#xff09;\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u78c1\u76d8inode&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f7d\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u8868&#xff08;iget&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684 file \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u504f\u79fb&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a0&#xff09;\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u6307\u5411\u521a\u8f7d\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5b58inode\u3002\u8be5 file \u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7f6e\u4e3a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868\u4e2d\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7d22\u5f15\u53f7&#xff08;\u5982 fd&#061;3&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ee4\u5176\u6307\u5411\u521a\u5206\u914d\u7684 file \u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5c06 fd&#061;3 \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u793a&#xff08;\u4ece\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u89d2&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u8fdb\u7a0bA                                  \u5185\u6838\u533a&#xff08;\u5168\u5c40&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510         \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502 \u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868      \u2502         \u2502                                     \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502 fd0 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510  \u2502         \u2502 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868 (file\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53)              \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502 fd1 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510  \u2502  \u2502         \u2502 entry1: mode&#061;r, pos&#061;0, count&#061;2 \u2500\u2500\u2510\u2502<br \/>\n\u2502 fd2            \u2502  \u2502  \u2502         \u2502 entry2: mode&#061;rw, pos&#061;120, count&#061;1\u2502\u2502<br \/>\n\u2502 fd3 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502  \u2502  \u2502         \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502\u2500\u2502\u2500\u2500\u2502\u2500\u2500\u2518                          \u2502                   \u2502<br \/>\n               \u2502 \u2502  \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518                   \u2502<br \/>\n               \u2502 \u2502                                                    \u2502<br \/>\n               \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502<br \/>\n               \u2502                                                      \u2502<br \/>\n               \u2502         \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510      \u2502<br \/>\n               \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u5185\u5b58\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u8868 (inode\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53)         \u2502      \u2502<br \/>\n                         \u2502 inodeX: (\u6587\u4ef6A\u5143\u6570\u636e), count&#061;3 \u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518      \u2502<br \/>\n                         \u2502 inodeY: (\u6587\u4ef6B\u5143\u6570\u636e), count&#061;1             \u2502<br \/>\n                         \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0bB\u90fd\u6253\u5f00 \/etc\/passwd&#xff0c;\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u9879&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u9879\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58inode\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u6307\u9488\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c&#xff08;\u9664\u975e\u4f7f\u7528 O_APPEND&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u591a\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u4e24\u6b21\u8c03\u7528 open(\u201c\/etc\/passwd\u201d, &#8230;)&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684fd&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u9879&#xff08;\u62e5\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u504f\u79fb&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58inode\u3002<\/li>\n<li>fork\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff1a;\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u8c03\u7528 fork 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\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u5982ext4\u3001NTFS&#xff09;\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u4e2d\u7684 file \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53&#xff0c;\u5176 f_op \u6307\u9488\u540c\u6837\u6307\u5411\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u96c6&#xff08;file_operations&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u7ebf\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5176\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757\u4e2d&#xff0c;PCB\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u5fd7&#xff0c;\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8bfe\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0bID&#xff1a;\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6574\u6570&#xff08;PID&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\/\u7ec4ID&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u771f\u5b9eUID\/GID&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u6548UID\/GID&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;setuid 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