{"id":63037,"date":"2026-01-21T08:29:02","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T00:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/63037.html"},"modified":"2026-01-21T08:29:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T00:29:02","slug":"linux%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6%ef%bc%9a%e7%8e%a9%e8%bd%ac%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%8e%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/63037.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u8fdb\u9636\uff1a\u73a9\u8f6c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5934\u50cf\" <\/p>\n

🔥 \u7801\u9014CQ：<\/b><\/font>
\n \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875<\/font> <\/p>\n

\u2728 \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u680f：<\/font>
\n \u300aLinux\u300b<\/font>
\n | <\/font>
\n \u300a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u96c6\u300b<\/font>
\n \u300aC++\u300b<\/font>
\n \u300aQT\u300b<\/font> <\/p>\n

\u2728 \u8ffd\u98ce\u8d76\u6708\u83ab\u505c\u7559，\u65e0\u829c\u5c3d\u5904\u662f\u6625\u5c71!<\/font> <\/p>\n

💖 \u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8，\u4e00\u8d77\u4ea4\u6d41\u5b66\u4e60 💖<\/b><\/font> <\/p>\n

📌 \u5173\u6ce8\u540e\u53ef\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u83b7\u53d6C++\/Qt\/\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e72\u8d27\u66f4\u65b0<\/font> <\/p>\n

🌟<\/h2>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\n

🚀 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0：\u6b22\u8fce\u56de\u5230Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e16\u754c！<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86Linux\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4，\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e2a\u9ed1\u4e4e\u4e4e\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6709\u4e86\u4e9b\u8bb8\u4eb2\u5207\u611f？\u4eca\u5929，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165，\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u591a\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u4ee4，\u5c24\u5176\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

🎩 \u8fdb\u9636\u601d\u7ef4：\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u7684\u201c\u5355\u8bcd\u201d，\u90a3\u4e48\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d，\u800c\u6743\u9650\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6e29\u6545\u77e5\u65b0：\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u987e<\/h4>\n

\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u5417？<\/p>\n

ls<\/span> -la # \u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
\ncd<\/span> ~ # \u56de\u5bb6<\/span>
\nmkdir<\/span> -p a\/b\/c # \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
\nrm<\/span> -rf danger # \u5371\u9669！\u614e\u7528！<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f88\u597d！\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e3b\u83dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

📁 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0：\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u827a\u672f<\/h4>\n

1. cp：\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u590d\u5236，\u66f4\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u8d77\u70b9<\/h5>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

cp<\/span> source.txt destination.txt # \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> -r source_dir\/ destination_dir\/ # \u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7：<\/p>\n

# \u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027（\u6743\u9650\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49）<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> -p important_file.txt backup\/<\/p>\n

# \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u590d\u5236，\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u8be2\u95ee<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> -i *.txt backup\/<\/p>\n

# \u53ea\u590d\u5236\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> -u source\/*.log backup\/<\/p>\n

# \u8be6\u7ec6\u6a21\u5f0f，\u663e\u793a\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> -v file1 file2 file3 destination\/<\/p>\n

# \u590d\u5236\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u672c\u8eab，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> -d symbolic_link backup\/<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

# \u5907\u4efd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> -p \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf.backup<\/p>\n

# \u6279\u91cf\u590d\u5236\u56fe\u7247\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/span>
\ncp<\/span> photo.jpg vacation\/photo_2023.jpg<\/p>\n

2. mv：\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u8986\u76d6？<\/h5>\n

mv\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u4e09\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd，\u5168\u770b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48：<\/p>\n

# 1. \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\nmv<\/span> old_name.txt new_name.txt<\/p>\n

# 2. \u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\nmv<\/span> file.txt \/home\/user\/Documents\/<\/p>\n

# 3. \u79fb\u52a8\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/span>
\nmv<\/span> file.txt \/home\/user\/new_name.txt<\/p>\n

# 4. \u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\nmv<\/span> file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt destination_folder\/<\/p>\n

# 5. \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u79fb\u52a8（\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u8be2\u95ee）<\/span>
\nmv<\/span> -i important_file.txt maybe_existing_file.txt<\/p>\n

💡 \u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb：mv\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u79fb\u52a8\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u590d\u5236+\u5220\u9664\u201d，\u6240\u4ee5\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb，\u5373\u4f7f\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u8f83：diff \u2014\u2014 \u627e\u4e0d\u540c\u9ad8\u624b<\/h4>\n

# \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ndiff<\/span> file_v1.txt file_v2.txt<\/p>\n

# \u5e76\u6392\u663e\u793a\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>
\ndiff<\/span> -y file1.txt file2.txt<\/p>\n

# \u7edf\u4e00\u683c\u5f0f，\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb<\/span>
\ndiff<\/span> -u old_version.c new_version.c<\/p>\n

# \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
\ndiff<\/span> -r directory1\/ directory2\/<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528：<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9<\/span>
\ndiff<\/span> -u \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf.orig \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/p>\n

# \u751f\u6210\u8865\u4e01\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ndiff<\/span> -u old_code.c new_code.c ><\/span> fix_bug.patch<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6：ln \u2014\u2014 \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d<\/h4>\n

Linux\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u94fe\u63a5：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u786c\u94fe\u63a5：\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57（\u50cf\u5206\u8eab）<\/li>\n
  • \u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5：\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f（\u50cf\u6307\u9488）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    # \u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5<\/span>
    \nln<\/span> original.txt hardlink.txt<\/p>\n

    # \u521b\u5efa\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5（\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5）<\/span>
    \nln<\/span> -s \/path\/to\/original symlink_name<\/p>\n

    # \u67e5\u770b\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411<\/span>
    \nls<\/span> -l symlink_name
    \nreadlink symlink_name<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u7406\u89e3：<\/p>\n

    \u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6：\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u6863
    \n\u786c\u94fe\u63a5：\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u90a3\u4efd\u6587\u6863（\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53）
    \n\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5：\u6211\u6307\u5411\u90a3\u4efd\u6587\u6863（\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84）<\/p>\n

    \n

    🔐 \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0：Linux\u6743\u9650\u7cfb\u7edf\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n

    \u4e00\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u6743\u9650：Linux\u7684\u201c\u95e8\u7981\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d<\/h4>\n

    \u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884cls -l\u65f6，\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u795e\u79d8\u5b57\u6bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d？<\/p>\n

    -rwxr-xr– 1 user group 4096 Jan 1 12:00 myfile
    \n\u2191 \u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191
    \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6743\u9650\u90e8\u5206
    \n\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

    1. \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26<\/h5>\n
      \n
    • -：\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6（\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7b49）<\/li>\n
    • d：\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n
    • l：\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n
    • b：\u5757\u8bbe\u5907（\u786c\u76d8\u3001U\u76d8\u7b49）<\/li>\n
    • c：\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907（\u7ec8\u7aef\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7b49）<\/li>\n
    • s：\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
    • p：\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      2. \u6743\u9650\u8be6\u89e3<\/h5>\n

      \u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4，\u6bcf\u7ec4\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26：<\/p>\n

      rwx r-x r–
      \n\u2191\u2191\u2191 \u2191\u2191\u2191 \u2191\u2191\u2191
      \n||| ||| ||\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba：\u65e0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650
      \n||| ||| |\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba：\u65e0\u5199\u6743\u9650
      \n||| ||| \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba：\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650
      \n||| ||\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4：\u65e0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650
      \n||| |\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4：\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650
      \n||| \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4：\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650
      \n||\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u6709\u8005：\u65e0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650
      \n|\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u6709\u8005：\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650
      \n\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u6709\u8005：\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

      \u4e8c\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

      \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u5b57：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • r (\u8bfb) = 4<\/li>\n
      • w (\u5199) = 2<\/li>\n
      • x (\u6267\u884c) = 1<\/li>\n
      • \n
          \n
        • (\u65e0\u6743\u9650) = 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u7ec4\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97：<\/p>\n

          rwx = 4+2+1 = 7
          \nr-x = 4+0+1 = 5
          \nr– = 4+0+0 = 4
          \nrw-r–r– = 644
          \nrwxr-xr-x = 755<\/p>\n

          \u4e09\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650：chmod\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5168<\/h4>\n

          1. \u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f（\u6700\u5e38\u7528）<\/h5>\n

          chmod<\/span> 755<\/span> script.sh # rwxr-xr-x<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> 644<\/span> config.txt # rw-r–r–<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> 600<\/span> private.key # rw——-<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> 777<\/span> test_dir # \u5b8c\u5168\u5f00\u653e（\u614e\u7528！）<\/span><\/p>\n

          2. \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f（\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2）<\/h5>\n

          # \u6dfb\u52a0\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> u+x myscript.sh # \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> g+w shared_file # \u7ed9\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> o+r public.txt # \u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> a+x everyone.sh # \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n

          # \u79fb\u9664\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> u-w sensitive.txt # \u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> o-rx private_dir\/ # \u79fb\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n

          # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cbe\u786e\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> u<\/span>=<\/span>rwx,g=<\/span>rx,o=<\/span> file.txt
          \nchmod<\/span> a<\/span>=<\/span>rwx open_for_all.sh<\/p>\n

          3. \u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650<\/h5>\n

          chmod<\/span> -R 755<\/span> web_root\/ # \u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/span>
          \nchmod<\/span> -R u+w project\/ # \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u9012\u5f52\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u56db\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4<\/h4>\n

          1. chown：\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/h5>\n

          # \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/span>
          \nsudo<\/span> chown<\/span> newowner file.txt
          \nsudo<\/span> chown<\/span> newowner:newgroup file.txt<\/p>\n

          # \u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
          \nsudo<\/span> chown<\/span> -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html\/<\/p>\n

          # \u53ea\u6539\u7ec4<\/span>
          \nsudo<\/span> chown<\/span> :developers project\/<\/p>\n

          2. chgrp：\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/h5>\n

          sudo<\/span> chgrp<\/span> developers source_code\/
          \nsudo<\/span> chgrp<\/span> -R www-data web_content\/<\/p>\n

          \u4e94\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u4f4d<\/h4>\n

          1. SUID（Set User ID）<\/h5>\n
            \n
          • \u4f5c\u7528：\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n
          • \u8bbe\u7f6e：chmod u+s file \u6216 chmod 4755 file<\/li>\n
          • \u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528：\/usr\/bin\/passwd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            2. SGID（Set Group ID）<\/h5>\n
              \n
            • \u4f5c\u7528：\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ee7\u627f\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ec4<\/li>\n
            • \u8bbe\u7f6e：chmod g+s directory \u6216 chmod 2755 directory<\/li>\n
            • \u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528：\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              3. Sticky Bit（\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d）<\/h5>\n
                \n
              • \u4f5c\u7528：\u53ea\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6216root\u80fd\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n
              • \u8bbe\u7f6e：chmod +t directory \u6216 chmod 1777 directory<\/li>\n
              • \u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528：\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                # \u8bbe\u7f6e\/tmp\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6743\u9650<\/span>
                \nsudo<\/span> chmod<\/span> 1777<\/span> \/tmp<\/p>\n

                # \u67e5\u770b\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650<\/span>
                \nls<\/span> -ld \/tmp
                \n# \u663e\u793a：drwxrwxrwt … \/tmp<\/span>
                \n# \u6ce8\u610f\u6700\u540e\u7684t，\u8868\u793a\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u516d\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u4e0eumask<\/h4>\n

                umask\u51b3\u5b9a\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

                umask<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dumask<\/span>
                \numask<\/span> 022 # \u8bbe\u7f6eumask<\/span><\/p>\n

                # \u8ba1\u7b97\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/span>
                \n# \u6587\u4ef6：666 – umask<\/span>
                \n# \u76ee\u5f55：777 – umask<\/span><\/p>\n

                # \u793a\u4f8b：umask=022<\/span>
                \n# \u6587\u4ef6：666-022=644 (rw-r–r–)<\/span>
                \n# \u76ee\u5f55：777-022=755 (rwxr-xr-x)<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n

                📦 \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0：\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u6253\u5305<\/h3>\n

                \u4e00\u3001tar：Linux\u7684\u201c\u745e\u58eb\u519b\u5200\u201d<\/h4>\n

                tar\u6700\u521d\u662fTape ARchive（\u78c1\u5e26\u5f52\u6863）\u7684\u7f29\u5199，\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6253\u5305\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

                1. \u6253\u5305\u4e0e\u89e3\u5305<\/h5>\n

                # \u6253\u5305（\u4e0d\u538b\u7f29）<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1\/<\/p>\n

                # \u89e3\u5305<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -xvf archive.tar<\/p>\n

                # \u89e3\u5305\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -xvf archive.tar -C \/target\/path\/<\/p>\n

                2. \u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u89e3\u538b<\/h5>\n

                # \u4f7f\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29（.tar.gz \u6216 .tgz）<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -czvf archive.tar.gz files\/
                \ntar<\/span> -xzvf archive.tar.gz<\/p>\n

                # \u4f7f\u7528bzip2\u538b\u7f29（.tar.bz2）<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -cjvf archive.tar.bz2 files\/
                \ntar<\/span> -xjvf archive.tar.bz2<\/p>\n

                # \u4f7f\u7528xz\u538b\u7f29（.tar.xz，\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u6700\u9ad8）<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -cJvf archive.tar.xz files\/
                \ntar<\/span> -xJvf archive.tar.xz<\/p>\n

                3. \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u4e0d\u89e3\u538b<\/h5>\n

                tar<\/span> -tzvf archive.tar.gz # \u67e5\u770bgzip\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -tjvf archive.tar.bz2 # \u67e5\u770bbzip2\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -tJvf archive.tar.xz # \u67e5\u770bxz\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/p>\n

                4. \u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7<\/h5>\n

                # \u53ea\u89e3\u538b\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -xzvf archive.tar.gz path\/to\/specific\/file<\/p>\n

                # \u8ffd\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -rvf archive.tar new_file.txt<\/p>\n

                # \u6392\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -czvf backup.tar.gz –exclude=<\/span>"*.log"<\/span> –exclude=<\/span>"temp\/"<\/span> \/home\/user\/<\/p>\n

                # \u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u5907\u4efd（\u53ea\u5907\u4efd24\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6）<\/span>
                \ntar<\/span> -czvf daily_backup.tar.gz –newer-mtime=<\/span>"1 day ago"<\/span> \/data\/<\/p>\n

                \u4e8c\u3001zip\u548cunzip：\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n

                # \u538b\u7f29<\/span>
                \nzip<\/span> -r archive.zip folder\/
                \nzip<\/span> -r -9 maximum_compression.zip large_files\/ # \u6700\u5927\u538b\u7f29\u7387<\/span>
                \nzip<\/span> -e encrypted.zip sensitive_data\/ # \u52a0\u5bc6\u538b\u7f29<\/span><\/p>\n

                # \u89e3\u538b<\/span>
                \nunzip<\/span> archive.zip
                \nunzip<\/span> archive.zip -d target_directory\/ # \u89e3\u538b\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
                \nunzip<\/span> -l archive.zip # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u4e0d\u89e3\u538b<\/span>
                \nunzip<\/span> -t archive.zip # \u6d4b\u8bd5\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u4e09\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u538b\u7f29\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n

                # gzip（\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6）<\/span>
                \ngzip<\/span> large_file.log
                \ngunzip large_file.log.gz<\/p>\n

                # bzip2（\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u6bd4gzip\u9ad8）<\/span>
                \nbzip2<\/span> big_file.txt
                \nbunzip2 big_file.txt.bz2<\/p>\n

                # xz（\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u6700\u9ad8，\u4f46\u8f83\u6162）<\/span>
                \nxz huge_file.data
                \nunxz huge_file.data.xz<\/p>\n

                \n

                🖥\ufe0f \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0：\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

                \u4e00\u3001top\u548chtop：\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n

                1. top：\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/h5>\n

                top<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u5728top\u754c\u9762\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u63091：\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2aCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/li>\n
                • \u6309M：\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6392\u5e8f<\/li>\n
                • \u6309P：\u6309CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u6392\u5e8f<\/li>\n
                • \u6309k：\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u8f93\u5165PID）<\/li>\n
                • \u6309q：\u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  2. htop：top\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u7248（\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5）<\/h5>\n

                  sudo<\/span> apt<\/span> install<\/span> htop<\/span> # Ubuntu\/Debian<\/span>
                  \nsudo<\/span> yum install<\/span> htop<\/span> # CentOS\/RHEL<\/span>
                  \nhtop<\/span><\/p>\n

                  htop\u7684\u7279\u70b9：<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u5f69\u8272\u754c\u9762，\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2<\/li>\n
                  • \u9f20\u6807\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n
                  • \u6811\u72b6\u89c6\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n
                  • \u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u4e8c\u3001ps：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5feb\u7167<\/h4>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
                    \nps<\/span> aux<\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
                    \nps<\/span> -u username<\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811<\/span>
                    \nps<\/span> auxf<\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
                    \nps<\/span> -p PID
                    \nps<\/span> -C process_name<\/p>\n

                    # \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f<\/span>
                    \nps<\/span> -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu –sort=<\/span>-%mem |<\/span> head<\/span> -10<\/p>\n

                    \u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n

                    1. \u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/h5>\n

                    kill<\/span> PID # \u53d1\u9001TERM\u4fe1\u53f7（\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62）<\/span>
                    \nkill<\/span> -9 PID # \u53d1\u9001KILL\u4fe1\u53f7（\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62）<\/span>
                    \nkill<\/span> -15 PID # \u53d1\u9001TERM\u4fe1\u53f7（\u540ckill PID）<\/span>
                    \nkill<\/span> -STOP PID # \u6682\u505c\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
                    \nkill<\/span> -CONT PID # \u7ee7\u7eed\u88ab\u6682\u505c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/p>\n

                    # \u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u6740\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
                    \npkill<\/span> process_name
                    \nkillall<\/span> process_name<\/p>\n

                    2. \u540e\u53f0\u4e0e\u524d\u53f0<\/h5>\n

                    # \u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u653e\u5230\u540e\u53f0<\/span>
                    \nlong_running_command &<\/span><\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u540e\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/span>
                    \njobs<\/span><\/p>\n

                    # \u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5230\u524d\u53f0<\/span>
                    \nfg<\/span> %1<\/p>\n

                    # \u6682\u505c\u5f53\u524d\u4f5c\u4e1a（\u6309Ctrl+Z）<\/span>
                    \n# \u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5：<\/span>
                    \nbg<\/span> %1 # \u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c<\/span>
                    \nfg<\/span> %1 # \u56de\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u56db\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
                    \nuname<\/span> -a # \u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
                    \nlsb_release -a # \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4fe1\u606f（\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5lsb-release）<\/span>
                    \ncat<\/span> \/etc\/os-release # \u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770bCPU\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
                    \nlscpu
                    \ncat<\/span> \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
                    \nfree<\/span> -h
                    \ncat<\/span> \/proc\/meminfo<\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
                    \ndf<\/span> -h # \u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>
                    \ndu<\/span> -sh directory\/ # \u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<\/span>
                    \ndu<\/span> -h –max-depth=<\/span>1<\/span> \/home # \u67e5\u770b\/home\u4e0b\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<\/span><\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
                    \nifconfig<\/span> # \u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f（\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5net-tools）<\/span>
                    \nip<\/span> addr # \u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1<\/span>
                    \nnetstat<\/span> -tuln # \u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3<\/span>
                    \nss -tuln # netstat\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n

                    🎯 \u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0：\u7efc\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n

                    \u4e00\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n

                    1. \u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c<\/h5>\n

                    #!\/bin\/bash<\/span>
                    \n# backup.sh – \u7b80\u5355\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c<\/span><\/p>\n

                    BACKUP_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>"\/backup\/$(<\/span>date<\/span> +%Y%m%d)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span>
                    \nSOURCE_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>"\/home\/user\/important_data"<\/span><\/p>\n

                    mkdir<\/span> -p "$BACKUP_DIR<\/span>"<\/span>
                    \ntar<\/span> -czf "$BACKUP_DIR<\/span>\/backup_$(<\/span>date<\/span> +%H%M%S)<\/span><\/span>.tar.gz"<\/span> "$SOURCE_DIR<\/span>"<\/span><\/p>\n

                    echo<\/span> "\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210：$BACKUP_DIR<\/span>"<\/span><\/p>\n

                    2. \u65e5\u5fd7\u6e05\u7406\u811a\u672c<\/h5>\n

                    #!\/bin\/bash<\/span>
                    \n# clean_logs.sh – \u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span><\/p>\n

                    LOG_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>"\/var\/log\/myapp"<\/span>
                    \nDAYS_TO_KEEP<\/span>=<\/span>30<\/span><\/p>\n

                    find<\/span> "$LOG_DIR<\/span>"<\/span> -name "*.log"<\/span> -mtime +$DAYS_TO_KEEP<\/span> -delete
                    \nfind<\/span> "$LOG_DIR<\/span>"<\/span> -name "*.log.*.gz"<\/span> -mtime +$DAYS_TO_KEEP<\/span> -delete<\/p>\n

                    echo<\/span> "\u5df2\u6e05\u7406 $LOG_DIR<\/span> \u4e2d $DAYS_TO_KEEP<\/span> \u5929\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7"<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u4e8c\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n
                  • \u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219：\u53ea\u7ed9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n
                  • \u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd：\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u6c38\u8fdc\u8981\u6709\u5907\u4efd<\/li>\n
                  • \u4f7f\u7528sudo：\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528root\u8d26\u6237<\/li>\n
                  • \u68c0\u67e5\u811a\u672c：\u8fd0\u884c\u672a\u77e5\u811a\u672c\u524d\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n
                  • \u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7：\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n

                    \u4e09\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n
                  • \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7：tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog \u6216\u76f8\u5e94\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n
                  • \u68c0\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b：ps aux | grep process_name<\/li>\n
                  • \u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u53e3：netstat -tuln | grep port_number<\/li>\n
                  • \u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u9650：ls -la \/path\/to\/file<\/li>\n
                  • \u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8：df -h \u548c du -sh<\/li>\n
                    \n

                    🌟 \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

                    \u606d\u559c！\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                    \u2705 \u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c：cp, mv, diff, ln \u2705 \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406：chmod, chown, chgrp, \u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u4f4d \u2705 \u538b\u7f29\u6253\u5305：tar, zip, \u5404\u79cd\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f \u2705 \u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7：top, htop, ps, \u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236 \u2705 \u4fe1\u606f\u67e5\u8be2：uname, df, du, free<\/p>\n

                    🎯 Linux\u54f2\u5b66：\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u53ea\u505a\u597d\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b，\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u7ec4\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \n

                    \u5982\u679c\u89c9\u5f97\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9，\u6b22\u8fce：<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • 👍 \u70b9\u8d5e\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n
                    • 💾 \u6536\u85cf\u5907\u7528<\/li>\n
                    • \u2795 \u5173\u6ce8\u4f5c\u8005\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591aLinux\u6559\u7a0b<\/li>\n
                    • 💬 \u7559\u8a00\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684Linux\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u5b66\u4e60Linux\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u9a6c\u62c9\u677e，\u4e0d\u662f\u77ed\u8dd1\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9，\u4f60\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684Linux\u9ad8\u624b！<\/p>\n

                      \u63a8\u8350\u8d44\u6e90：<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u4e66\u7c4d：\u300a\u9e1f\u54e5\u7684Linux\u79c1\u623f\u83dc\u300b<\/li>\n
                      • \u7f51\u7ad9：Linux\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u9177\u58f3<\/li>\n
                      • \u7ec3\u4e60：Linux Journey\u3001OverTheWire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u795d\u4f60\u5728Linux\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u63a2\u7d22\u6109\u5feb！🐧🚀<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        \u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u7bc7\u89c1！<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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                        \n\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":63035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,89,58,76,1813,43,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-63037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-git","tag-linux","tag-vscode","tag-1813","tag-43","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux\u8fdb\u9636\uff1a\u73a9\u8f6c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/63037.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux\u8fdb\u9636\uff1a\u73a9\u8f6c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"🔥 \u7801\u9014CQ： \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875 \u2728 \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u680f： \u300aLinux\u300b | \u300a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u96c6\u300b \u300aC\u300b \u300aQT\u300b \u2728 \u8ffd\u98ce\u8d76\u6708\u83ab\u505c\u7559，\u65e0\u829c\u5c3d\u5904\u662f\u6625\u5c71! 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