{"id":62490,"date":"2026-01-20T01:25:58","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T17:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/62490.html"},"modified":"2026-01-20T01:25:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T17:25:58","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-node-js-%e4%bb%8e%e9%9b%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%ba%e4%bd%a0%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e7%9a%84-web-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/62490.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js \u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb<\/p>\n

\u4e8c HTTP \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

2.1 \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

http\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684payload\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5934\u90e8\u5305\u542bURL\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u7801，\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 \u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

netcat\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

nc<\/span> baidu.com 80<\/span><\/p>\n

nc（netcat）\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684 TCP \u8fde\u63a5，\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n

@111 ~ % nc<\/span> example.com 80<\/span>
\nGET \/ HTTP\/1.0
\nHost:example.com
\n(<\/span>\u7a7a\u884c)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

HTTP\/1.0 200<\/span> OK
\nAccept-Ranges: bytes
\nContent-Type: text\/html
\nETag: "bc2473a18e003bdb249eba5ce893033f:1760028122.592274"<\/span>
\nLast-Modified: Thu, 09 Oct 2025<\/span> 16<\/span>:42:02 GMT
\nContent-Length: 513<\/span>
\nCache-Control: max-age=<\/span>86000<\/span>
\nDate: Sun, 07 Dec 2025<\/span> 10<\/span>:24:34 GMT
\nConnection: close<\/p>\n

<<\/span>!<\/span>doctype html><\/span><<\/span>html lang<\/span>=<\/span>"en"<\/span>><\/span><<\/span>head><\/span><<\/span>title><\/span>Example Domain<<\/span>\/title><\/span><<\/span>meta name<\/span>=<\/span>"viewport"<\/span> content<\/span>=<\/span>"width=device-width, initial-scale=1"<\/span>><\/span><<\/span>style><\/span>body{<\/span>background:#eee;width:60vw;margin:15vh auto;font-family:system-ui,sans-serif}h1{font-size:1.5em}div{opacity:0.8}a:link,a:visited{color:#348}<\/style><body><div><h1>Example Domain<\/h1><p>This domain is for use in documentation examples without needing permission. Avoid use in operations.<p><a href="https:\/\/iana.org\/domains\/example">Learn more<\/a><\/div><\/body><\/html><\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n

1.\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c GET \/ HTTP\/1.0 \u5305\u542b HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5 GET \u3001URI\u662f \u2019 \/ \u2019 \u548c HTTP \u7248\u672c 1.0 \u3002 2.\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u5217\u8868，\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b： Key: value \u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5 Host，\u4ed6\u5305\u542b\u7740\u57df\u540d\u3002 3.\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e4b\u540e\u662fpayload，\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a HTML \u6587\u6863\u3002payload\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u884c\u5206\u9694\u3002GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u6ca1\u6709payload，\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u7a7a\u884c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n

2.3 http\u7248\u672c<\/h2>\n
  • HTTP\/1.0：\u539f\u578b HTTP\/1.0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7136\u540eHTTP\/1.1 \u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n
  • HTTP\/1.1：\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3 HTTP \u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u6d41\u884c？\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u534f\u8bae；\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u8d56 HTTP，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u81ea\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/li>\n
  • HTTP\/2：\u65b0\u7279\u6027 （1）\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a8\u9001 ，\u5373\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 （2）\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4e2a TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898 \u3002<\/li>\n
  • HTTP\/3：\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3 HTTP\/3 \u6bd4 HTTP\/2 \u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5b83\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86 TCP，\u8f6c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 UDP\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236 TCP \u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd，\u8fd9\u79cd TCP \u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a QUIC\u3002QUIC \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u548c\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n

    2.4 \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177<\/h2>\n

    1.\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

    nc<\/span> example.com 80<\/span> <<\/span>request.txt<\/p>\n

    2.\u5f53\u9047\u5230 nc \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5，\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001 EOF，\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c nc \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684socat\u3002<\/p>\n

    socat tcp:example.com:80 –<\/p>\n

    3.telnet \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

    telnet example.com 80<\/span><\/p>\n

    4.\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684 HTTP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u6784\u5efa\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8bd5\u8bd5 curl \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

    curl<\/span> -vvv http:\/\/example.com\/<\/p>\n

    \u4e09.\u7f16\u5199 TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n

    3.1 TCP \u5feb\u901f\u56de\u987e<\/h3>\n

    \u534f\u8bae\u5c42<\/h5>\n

    \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

    IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n

  • \u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n
  • \u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n
  • \u6d88\u606f\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n

    tcp\u5c42\u5b57\u8282\u6d41：<\/p>\n

    \u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f，\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u672a\u77e5，\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

    TCP \u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4e0e UDP \u6570\u636e\u5305 udp\u548ctcp\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5c42，\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u50cf\u5e95\u5c42\u4e00\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002udp\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e24\u8005\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b：boundaries（\u754c\u9650） udp：\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ece\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e，\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5bf9\u7b49\u8282\u70b9\u5199\u5165\u3002 tcp：\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb！\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

    tcp\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u754c\u9650\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002 1.tcp\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a：\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u591a\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5355\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u3002 2.\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2aIP\u6570\u636e\u5305，IP\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u5199\u5165\u8fb9\u754c\u65e0\u5173\u3002 3.tcp\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a：\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u4f9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6ce8：\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6700\u6613\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u62c6\u5206tcp\u6570\u636e\u5305\u201c，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201dtcp packets\u201c\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u754c\u6765\u89e3\u91catcp\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5305：\u4ee5DNS\u4e3a\u4f8b DNS\u534f\u8bae：\u57df\u540d\u5230IP\u5730\u5740\u67e5\u627e\u3002 DNS\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u4e8eUDP\u534f\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u5355\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002DNS\u6d88\u606f\u5c01\u88c5\u5728UDP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677，\u4f8b\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u6d88\u606f，\u6240\u4ee5DNS\u4e5f\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u5728TCP\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f46TCP\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u6d88\u606f\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u901a\u8fc7TCP\u4f20\u8f93DNS\u6d88\u606f\u65f6，\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6761DNS\u6d88\u606f\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a2\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc6\u522b\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4e2d\u5404\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a2\u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5\u6b63\u662fTCP\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5355\u4e2aTCP\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4e2d\u627f\u8f7d\u591a\u6761\u5e94\u7528\u6d88\u606f（\u5982DNS\u6d88\u606f）\u3002<\/p>\n

    | len1 | msg1 | len2 | msg2 | \u2026<\/p>\n

    TCP \u4ee5\u63e1\u624b\u5f00\u59cb<\/p>\n

    \u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef（\u5ffd\u7565\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5）\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u5740（IP+\u7aef\u53e3）\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5，\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e0e\u76d1\u542c\u3002\u968f\u540e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u8fde\u63a5\u81f3\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e09\u6b65\u63e1\u624b（SYN\u3001SYN-ACK\u3001ACK），\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8303\u56f4，\u56e0\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u900f\u660e\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f85\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6210\u63e1\u624b\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5373\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

    TCP \u662f\u53cc\u5411\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u7684<\/p>\n

    TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb，\u5373\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4f7f\u7528，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u534f\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5982HTTP\/1.1，\u6b64\u65f6\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u8981\u4e48\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94，\u8981\u4e48\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\/\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f46TCP\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e（\u4f8b\u5982WebSocket），\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n

    TCP \u4ee5\u4e24\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7 FIN \u6807\u5fd7\u544a\u77e5\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5c06\u505c\u6b62\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e，\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u968f\u540e\u786e\u8ba4 FIN \u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u4ece\u901a\u9053\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u7ec8\u6b62\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u901a\u9053\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec8\u6b62，\u56e0\u6b64\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u4e5f\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.2 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u539f\u8bed<\/h3>\n

    \u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5e93\u4e2d，Socket API \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53e5\u67c4\u5f15\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n

    \u521b\u5efa TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u8fde\u63a5\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406，\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53e5\u67c4\u5728\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 API \u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53e5\u67c4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 (fd)\u3002\u5728 Node.js \u4e2d，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53e5\u67c4\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u5e26\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684 JavaScript \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53e5\u67c4\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5173\u95ed，\u624d\u80fd\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e95\u5c42\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u56de\u6536\u8be5\u53e5\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 & \u8fde\u63a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n

    TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740（IP \u5730\u5740 + \u7aef\u53e3），\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u76d1\u542c\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53e5\u67c4\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u60a8\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u8be5 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53e5\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53e5\u67c4\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b：<\/p>\n

  • \u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u542c\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8fde\u63a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4f20\u8f93\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n

    \u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165 \u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u544a\u77e5\u5bf9\u7aef\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u53d1\u9001 TCP FIN \u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5173\u95ed\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53e5\u67c4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56de\u6536\u8be5\u53e5\u67c4\u672c\u8eab\u3002（\u53e5\u67c4\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u56de\u6536，\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002）<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u81ea\u8eab\u4f20\u8f93\u7aef（\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001FIN），\u4f46\u4ecd\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u7684\u6570\u636e；\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u79f0\u4e3a\u534a\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5，\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u7aef，\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u77e5\u6653\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u4f55\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u4f20\u8f93（\u6536\u5230FIN）\u3002\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed3\u675f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f （EOF）\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u539f\u8bed\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        Listening socket:<\/p>\n

        bind & listen accept close<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Connection socket:<\/p>\n

        read write close<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3.3 Node.js \u4e2d\u7684 Socket API<\/h3>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 API：\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u539f\u6837\u5199\u56de\u7684TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5373\u201c\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6b65\u9aa4 1：\u521b\u5efa\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57(Create A Listening Socket)<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u5728 net \u4e2d<\/span>
        \nimport<\/span> *<\/span> as<\/span> net from<\/span> "net"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u90fd\u7528 JS \u5bf9\u8c61\u8868\u793a\u3002 net.createServer() \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a net.Server \u3002<\/p>\n

        net.Server \u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a listen() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5e76\u76d1\u542c\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

        let<\/span> server =<\/span> net.<\/span>createServer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nserver.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>host<\/span>:<\/span>'127.0.0.1'<\/span>,<\/span> port<\/span>:<\/span> 1234<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6b65\u9aa4\u4e8c：\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5(Accept New Connections)<\/p>\n

        \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684accept\u539f\u8bed\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f，\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684accept()\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3JS\u4e2dIO\u5904\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6：JS\u6709\u4e24\u79cdIO\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f，\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570；\u4f60\u8bf7\u6c42\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u5411\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6ce8\u518c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570，\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

        function<\/span> newConn<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> void<\/span>{<\/span>
        \nconsole.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'new connection'<\/span>,<\/span> socket.<\/span>remoteAddress,<\/span> socket.<\/span>remotePort)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n\/\/ …<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> server =<\/span> net.<\/span>createServer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nserver.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'connection'<\/span>,<\/span> newConn)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nserver.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>host<\/span>:<\/span>'127.0.00.1'<\/span>,<\/span> port<\/span>:<\/span> 1234<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d， server.on(\u2018connection\u2019, newConn) \u6ce8\u518c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570 newConn \u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c accept \u64cd\u4f5c，\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3a net.Socket \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u9700\u6ce8\u518c\u4e00\u6b21，\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6b65\u9aa4 3：\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

        'connection\u2019\u53c2\u6570\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6ce8\u518c\u56de\u8c03\u3002\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u4f8b\u5982\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u2019error\u2019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

        server.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'error'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>err<\/span>:<\/span> Error<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span> throw<\/span> err;<\/span> }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u7ec8\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e24\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6b65\u9aa4 4: Read and Write<\/p>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u3002 \u4ece\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f： \u2018data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c \u2018end\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u5f53\u4ece\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 \u2018data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6；\u5f53\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u7ed3\u675f\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6，\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 \u2018end\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

        socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'end'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ FIN received. The connection will be closed automatically.<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'EOF.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'data'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'data:'<\/span>,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n socket.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ echo back the data.<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        socket.write() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5bf9\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6b65\u9aa4 5：\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

        socket.end() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u4f20\u8f93\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc，\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u201cq\u201d\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528 socket.end() ，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8f7b\u677e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

        socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'data'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'data:'<\/span>,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n socket.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ echo back the data.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ actively closed the connection if the data contains 'q'<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>includes<\/span>(<\/span>'q'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'closing.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n socket.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ this will send FIN and close the connection.<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5f53\u4efb\u4e00\u7aef\u7ec8\u6b62\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002net.Socket\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u62a5\u544aIO\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u2019error\u2019\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u516d\u6b65：\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n

        \u56de\u58f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

        import<\/span> *<\/span> as<\/span> net from<\/span> "net"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        function<\/span> newConn<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> void<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'new connection'<\/span>,<\/span> socket.<\/span>remoteAddress,<\/span> socket.<\/span>remotePort)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'end'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ FIN received. The connection will be closed automatically.<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'EOF.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'data'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'data:'<\/span>,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n socket.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ echo back the data.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ actively closed the connection if the data contains 'q'<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>includes<\/span>(<\/span>'q'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'closing.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n socket.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ this will send FIN and close the connection.<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        let<\/span> server =<\/span> net.<\/span>createServer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nserver.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'error'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>err<\/span>:<\/span> Error<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span> throw<\/span> err;<\/span> }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nserver.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'connection'<\/span>,<\/span> newConn)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nserver.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>host<\/span>:<\/span> '127.0.0.1'<\/span>,<\/span> port<\/span>:<\/span> 1234<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668 node –enable-source-maps echo_server.js \u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 nc \u6216 socat \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.4 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u534a\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5(Half-Open Connections)<\/h3>\n

        TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7ed3\u675f\u7684，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u5df2\u5173\u95ed\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4ecd\u7136\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u72b6\u6001；\u8fd9\u79cd TCP \u7684\u5355\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a TCP \u534a\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f8b\u5982，\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9 A \u534a\u5173\u95ed\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9 B \u7684\u8fde\u63a5：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • A \u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e，\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece B \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
        • B \u6536\u5230 EOF，\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411 A \u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26 (EOF) \u89c6\u4e3a\u88ab\u5bf9\u7aef\u5b8c\u5168\u5173\u95ed，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u7528\u4e8e\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u539f\u8bed\u662f shutdown\u3002<\/p>\n

          Node.js \u4e2d\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u534a\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5f53\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26 (EOF) \u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u8981\u652f\u6301 TCP \u534a\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f，\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

          let<\/span> server =<\/span> net.<\/span>createServer<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span> allowHalfOpen<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5f53\u542f\u7528 allowHalfOpen \u6807\u5fd7\u65f6，\u60a8\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5，\u56e0\u4e3a socket.end() \u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5，\u800c\u53ea\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001 EOF\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 socket.destroy() \u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

          3.5 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1<\/h3>\n

          JS \u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u5185\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n

          \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u9001\u7684 I\/O \u4e8b\u4ef6，\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fbe\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u6216\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u5230\u671f\u3002\u7136\u540e，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94，\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e4b\u524d\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c，\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af \u3002<\/p>\n

          JS \u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6(Runtime)\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n

          \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 ；\u6267\u884c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c，\u8981\u4e48\u5728 JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c（\u56de\u8c03\u6216\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f）\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u56de\u8c03\u8fd4\u56de\u6216 await \u65f6，\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6，\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u8c03\u5ea6\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u4f55 JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210， \u56e0\u4e3a\u6267\u884c JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4f1a\u6682\u505c\u3002<\/p>\n

          Node.js \u4e2d\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684<\/p>\n

          \u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6，\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u8fde\u63a5，\u76f4\u5230\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f，\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u8d8a\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

          3.6 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0e\u540c\u6b65<\/h3>\n

          \u963b\u585e\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5f0f I\/O<\/p>\n

          \u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u505c\u7559\u8fc7\u4e45\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd0\u884c CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u4e3b\u52a8\u8ba9\u6b65\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06 CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4ee3\u7801\u79fb\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8303\u56f4，\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f IO\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc I\/O \u63d0\u4f9b\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u5728\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u963b\u585e，\u76f4\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5728\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea（\u6216\u5df2\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea），\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de，\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u5230\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u901a\u77e5（\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Node.js \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f，\u56e0\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u505a\u65f6\u8f6e\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

              Node.js \u4e2d\u7684 I\/O \u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684<\/p>\n

              \u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0e I\/O \u76f8\u5173\u7684 Node.js \u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u8c03\u6216 Promise \u7684\u3002Promise \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570 ，\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b API \u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af，\u56e0\u4e3a JS \u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u7ed3\u679c；\u76f8\u53cd，JS \u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6，\u5f53\u7ed3\u679c\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6b65 API，\u5b83\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee5\u7b49\u5f85\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b fs \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u6863，\u6587\u4ef6 API \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b \u3002<\/p>\n

              \/\/ promise<\/span>
              \nfilehandle.<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>options]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n\/\/ callback<\/span>
              \nfs.<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>fd[<\/span>,<\/span> options]<\/span>,<\/span> callback)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n\/\/ synchronous, do not use!<\/span>
              \nfs.<\/span>readSync<\/span>(<\/span>fd,<\/span> buffer[<\/span>,<\/span> options]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u540c\u6b65 API \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5b83\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7528\u4f8b（\u4f8b\u5982\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199）\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u8d85\u8d8a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              I\/O \u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762 (GUI) \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u9f20\u6807\u548c\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e I\/O\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u975e Node.js \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u72ec\u6709；Web \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6 GUI \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e95\u5c42\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 GUI \u7f16\u7a0b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

              3.7 \u8ba8\u8bba：Promise-Based IO<\/h3>\n

              \u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684，\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u5199IO\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u91c7\u7528Promise\u66ff\u4ee3\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u57fa\u4e8ePromise\u7684API\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7await\u7b49\u5f85\u7ed3\u679c，\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u62c6\u89e3\u6210\u6563\u843d\u5404\u5904\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5047\u8bbe\u57fa\u4e8ePromise\u7684accept\u539f\u8bedAPI\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

              \/\/ pseudo code!<\/span>
              \nwhile<\/span> (<\/span>running)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> socket =<\/span> await<\/span> server.<\/span>accept<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n newConn<\/span>(<\/span>socket)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ no `await` on this<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u800c\u8bfb\u5199\u539f\u8bed\u7684\u5047\u8bbeAPI\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

              \/\/ pseudo code!<\/span>
              \nasync<\/span> function<\/span> newConn<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n let<\/span> data =<\/span> await<\/span> socket.<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>data)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n break<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ EOF<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n await<\/span> socket.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684，\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u585e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u770b，\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355，\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u90e8\u5206 Node.js API（\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u90e8）\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u8c03\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e Promise \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b，\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u8c03\u7684 API \u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e Promise \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

              04. Promises and Events<\/h2>\n

              4.1 async \u548c await \u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n

              \u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

              \u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u8c03\u7684 API \u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

              function<\/span> my_app<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n do_something_cb<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>err,<\/span> result<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>err)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ fail.<\/span>
              \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ success, use the result.<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4f7f\u7528 Promise \u548c await<\/p>\n

              \u5728 Promise \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 await \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a async \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

              function<\/span> do_something_promise<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              async<\/span> function<\/span> my_app<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n try<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n const<\/span> result<\/span>:<\/span> T<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> do_something_promise<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>err)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ fail.<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4f18\u70b9：\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u521b\u9020 Promises<\/p>\n

              \u521b\u5efa Promise \u7684\u793a\u4f8b：\u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u8c03\u7684 API \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e Promise \u7684 API<\/p>\n

              function<\/span> do_something_promise<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n return<\/span> new<\/span> Promise<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>resolve,<\/span> reject<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n do_something_cb<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>err,<\/span> result<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>err)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n reject<\/span>(<\/span>err)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n resolve<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d，\u56de\u8c03\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u521b\u5efa Promise \u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6， \u6267\u884c\u5668\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012，\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • resolve() \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4f7f await \u8bed\u53e5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n
              • reject() \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 await \u8bed\u53e5\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u5f53\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u7528\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6，\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u5916，\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

                promises\u672f\u8bed<\/p>\n

                Fulfilled: \u8c03\u7528\u4e86 resolve() Rejected: \u8c03\u7528\u4e86 reject() Settled: \u8981\u4e48\u5df2\u6267\u884c，\u8981\u4e48\u5df2\u62d2\u7edd Pending: \u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n

                4.2 \u7406\u89e3 async \u548c await<\/h3>\n

                \u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u8fc7 return \u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

                JavaScript \u51fd\u6570\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b：\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fd4\u56de（\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u663e\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u9690\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de）\u3002\u7531\u4e8e JavaScript \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u662f\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e14\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684，\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u963b\u585e\u5f0f I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u518c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210，\u968f\u540e JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\u4fbf\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u540e，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af！<\/p>\n

                async \u51fd\u6570\u901a\u8fc7 await \u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u6700\u521d， Promise \u7c7b\u578b\u53ea\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u94fe\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5d4c\u5957\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u7531\u4e8e async \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u5165，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u8ba8\u8bba Promise \u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570，\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u9014\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4f60\u5bf9 Promise \u4f7f\u7528 await \u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5f53 Promise \u7ed3\u7b97\u65f6，async \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5e26\u7740 Promise \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u4f53\u9a8c\u66f4\u4f18\u8d8a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u987a\u5e8f I\/O \u4ee3\u7801，\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u8c03\u7528 async \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n

                \u8c03\u7528 async \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a Promise，\u8be5 Promise \u5728async\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u666e\u901a Promise \u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 await \u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u5b8c\u6210，\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4ecd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u6392\u5165\u6267\u884c\u961f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u6240\u6709 JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\u5171\u4eab\u5355\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u4efb\u52a1(task)\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u542f\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1(task)\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5217\u8868：<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d，\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85 Promise \u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u5728 Go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d，\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 go \u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u5728 Python \u4e2d， async\/await \u4e0e JS \u7c7b\u4f3c，\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  4.3 \u4eceEvents\u5230Promises<\/h3>\n

                  net \u6a21\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u4e8e Promise \u7684 API，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5047\u8bbe\u7684 API\u3002<\/p>\n

                  function<\/span> soRead<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>Buffer><\/span>;<\/span>
                  \nfunction<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn,<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n

                  soRead \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a Promise，\u8be5 Promise \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e 3 \u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

                • \u2018data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 Promise \u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u8bfb\u53d6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u5230\u8fbe\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e（EOF）\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u2019end\u2019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u8be5Promise\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684EOF\u6307\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u957f\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u2019error\u2019\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u6b64\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u62d2\u7eddPromise，\u5426\u5219\u8be5Promise\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u5904\u4e8e\u60ac\u6302\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n

                  \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 Promise，\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06 Promise \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa TCPConn \u5305\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \/\/ A promise-based API for TCP sockets.<\/span>
                  \ntype TCPConn =<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ the JS socket object<\/span>
                  \n socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ the callbacks of the promise of the current read<\/span>
                  \n reader<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>{<\/span>
                  \n resolve<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>value<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> void<\/span>,<\/span>
                  \n reject<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>reason<\/span>:<\/span> Error<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> void<\/span>,<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                  promise \u7684 resolve \u548c reject \u56de\u8c03\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 TCPConn.reader \u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u6b65\u9aa4 2：\u5904\u7406\u201cdata\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n

                  \u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：'data\u2019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1，\u4f46 promise \u4ec5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u2019data\u2019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u65f6\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                  socket.<\/span>pause<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ pause the 'data' event<\/span>
                  \nsocket.<\/span>resume<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ resume the 'data' event<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6，\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0 soRead \u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \/\/ create a wrapper from net.Socket<\/span>
                  \nfunction<\/span> soInit<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn {<\/span>
                  \n const<\/span> conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn =<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n socket<\/span>:<\/span> socket,<\/span> reader<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>,<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'data'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n console.<\/span>assert<\/span>(<\/span>conn.<\/span>reader)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ pause the 'data' event until the next read.<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>socket.<\/span>pause<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ fulfill the promise of the current read.<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader!<\/span>.<\/span>resolve<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader =<\/span> null<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span> conn;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  function<\/span> soRead<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>Buffer><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n console.<\/span>assert<\/span>(<\/span>!<\/span>conn.<\/span>reader)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ no concurrent calls<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span> new<\/span> Promise<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>resolve,<\/span> reject<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ save the promise callbacks<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader =<\/span> {<\/span>resolve<\/span>:<\/span> resolve,<\/span> reject<\/span>:<\/span> reject}<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ and resume the 'data' event to fulfill the promise later.<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>socket.<\/span>resume<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u7531\u4e8e \u2018data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e4b\u524d\u6682\u505c，\u56e0\u6b64\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e94\u8be5\u6682\u505c\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

                  const<\/span> server =<\/span> net.<\/span>createServer<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>
                  \n pauseOnConnect<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ required by `TCPConn`<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u901a\u8fc7 pause() \/ resume() \u63a7\u5236 data \u4e8b\u4ef6， \u628a\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u8fde\u7eed\u63a8\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u201d， \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u201c\u6309\u9700\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u5757\u7684 Promis\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u578b\u201d， \u4ece\u800c\u8ba9 TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u540c\u6b65 I\/O \u4e00\u6837\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002 \u2014chagpt<\/p>\n

                  \u6b65\u9aa4 3：\u5904\u7406\u201cend\u201d\u548c\u201cerror\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n

                  \u4e0e \u2018data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c， \u2018end\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6 \u2018error\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u6682\u505c，\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5305\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d，\u5e76\u5728 soRead \u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \/\/ A promise-based API for TCP sockets.<\/span>
                  \ntype TCPConn =<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ the JS socket object<\/span>
                  \n socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ from the 'error' event<\/span>
                  \n err<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>Error;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ EOF, from the 'end' event<\/span>
                  \n ended<\/span>:<\/span> boolean;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ the callbacks of the promise of the current read<\/span>
                  \n reader<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>{<\/span>
                  \n resolve<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>value<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> void<\/span>,<\/span>
                  \n reject<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>reason<\/span>:<\/span> Error<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> void<\/span>,<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728reader promise，\u8bf7resolve\u6216reject\u5b83<\/p>\n

                  \/\/ create a wrapper from net.Socket<\/span>
                  \nfunction<\/span> soInit<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn {<\/span>
                  \n const<\/span> conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn =<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n socket<\/span>:<\/span> socket,<\/span> err<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>,<\/span> ended<\/span>:<\/span> false<\/span>,<\/span> reader<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>,<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'data'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ omitted …<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'end'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ this also fulfills the current read.<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>ended =<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n if<\/span> (<\/span>conn.<\/span>reader)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader.<\/span>resolve<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ EOF<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader =<\/span> null<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n socket.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'error'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>err<\/span>:<\/span> Error<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ errors are also delivered to the current read.<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>err =<\/span> err;<\/span>
                  \n if<\/span> (<\/span>conn.<\/span>reader)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader.<\/span>reject<\/span>(<\/span>err)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader =<\/span> null<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span> conn;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  soRead \u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u5757\u4e0d\u61c2<\/p>\n

                  \/\/ returns an empty `Buffer` after EOF.<\/span>
                  \nfunction<\/span> soRead<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>Buffer><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n console.<\/span>assert<\/span>(<\/span>!<\/span>conn.<\/span>reader)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ no concurrent calls<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span> new<\/span> Promise<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>resolve,<\/span> reject<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ if the connection is not readable, complete the promise now.<\/span>
                  \n if<\/span> (<\/span>conn.<\/span>err)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n reject<\/span>(<\/span>conn.<\/span>err)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>
                  \n if<\/span> (<\/span>conn.<\/span>ended)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n resolve<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ EOF<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \/\/ save the promise callbacks<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>reader =<\/span> {<\/span>resolve<\/span>:<\/span> resolve,<\/span> reject<\/span>:<\/span> reject}<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n \/\/ and resume the 'data' event to fulfill the promise later.<\/span>
                  \n conn.<\/span>socket.<\/span>resume<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u6b65\u9aa4 4：\u5199\u5165\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 socket.write \u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u901a\u77e5\u5199\u5165\u5b8c\u6210，\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a promise \u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u8fd9\u5757\u4e0d\u61c2<\/p>\n

                  function<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn,<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n console.<\/span>assert<\/span>(<\/span>data.<\/span>length ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span> new<\/span> Promise<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>resolve,<\/span> reject<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n if<\/span> (<\/span>conn.<\/span>err)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n reject<\/span>(<\/span>conn.<\/span>err)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                  conn.<\/span>socket.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>data,<\/span> (<\/span>err?<\/span>:<\/span> Error<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n if<\/span> (<\/span>err)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n reject<\/span>(<\/span>err)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n resolve<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  Node.js \u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86 \u2018drain\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6 ，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6b64\u4efb\u52a1\u3002Node.js \u5e93\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                  4.4 \u4f7f\u7528 async \u548c await<\/h3>\n

                  \u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u57fa\u4e8ePromise\u7684API\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528await，\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f（newConn）\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aasync\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

                  async<\/span> function<\/span> newConn<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'new connection'<\/span>,<\/span> socket.<\/span>remoteAddress,<\/span> socket.<\/span>remotePort)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n try<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n await<\/span> serveClient<\/span>(<\/span>socket)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>exc)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n console.<\/span>error<\/span>(<\/span>'exception:'<\/span>,<\/span> exc)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span> finally<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n socket.<\/span>destroy<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u7528 try-catch \u5757\u5305\u88f9\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801，\u56e0\u4e3a await \u8bed\u53e5\u5728\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7，\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u9645\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \/\/ echo server<\/span>
                  \nasync<\/span> function<\/span> serveClient<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n const<\/span> conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn =<\/span> soInit<\/span>(<\/span>socket)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n const<\/span> data =<\/span> await<\/span> soRead<\/span>(<\/span>conn)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'end connection'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                  console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'data'<\/span>,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n await<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n }<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f， newConn \u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u975e \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9 await \u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u5757\u4e0d\u61c2<\/p>\n

                  4.5 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u53cd\u538b(Backpressure)<\/h3>\n

                  \u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5199\u5165\u5b8c\u6210？<\/p>\n

                  \u65b0\u7684\u56de\u58f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u533a\u522b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85socket.write() \u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u5199\u5165\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d？\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u5b8c\u6210？<\/p>\n

                  \u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898， socket.write() \u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210，\u4f46\u53c8\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf？\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6bd4\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005<\/p>\n

                  \u51e1\u662f\u6709\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5730\u65b9，\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u961f\u5217\u6216\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8fde\u63a5\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u961f\u5217\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650，\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u65e0\u9650\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f， \u5f53\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u751f\u4ea7\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6d88\u8d39\u901f\u5ea6\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48 ？\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u961f\u5217\u6216\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u538b\u95ee\u9898 \u3002<\/p>\n

                  TCP \u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u538b：\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684 TCP \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d，\u4f9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u751f\u4ea7\u8005TCP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u53ef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d7\u5176\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236，\u5f53\u7a97\u53e3\u5df2\u6ee1\u65f6，\u5b83\u5c06\u6682\u505c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684 TCP \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7ba1\u7406\u7a97\u53e3；\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6e05\u7a7a\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u7a97\u53e3\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8 ，\u5e76\u901a\u77e5\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7684 TCP \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u6062\u590d\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u7528：TCP \u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u505c\u548c\u6062\u590d\u4f20\u8f93，\u4ece\u800c\u9650\u5236\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

                    TCP \u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e0e TCP \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u6df7\u6dc6，\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u63a7\u5236\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u538b<\/p>\n

                    \u8fd9\u79cd\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u5728 TCP \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0，\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7aef\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf，\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，TCP \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4ece\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

                    \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u9632\u6b62\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ea2\u51fa？\u5f88\u7b80\u5355，\u5f53\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u65f6，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5199\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u73b0\u5728，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa，\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5199\u5165，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9，\u800c\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u963b\u585e\u5f0f I\/O，\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u65f6，\u8c03\u7528\u5c31\u4f1a\u963b\u585e，\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u538b\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7684 JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u65e0\u754c\u961f\u5217(Unbounded Queues)\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u9677\u9631<\/p>\n

                    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5199\u5165\u5b8c\u6210？ \u56e0\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4，\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7！ \u5373\u4f7f\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5df2\u6ee1\u800c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e， socket.write() \u4e5f\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u6210\u529f，\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9，\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u65e0\u754c\u5185\u90e8\u961f\u5217，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u754c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u9690\u60a3\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u6837，\u65e2\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u53c8\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u4e8e\u5176\u6d88\u8d39\u56de\u663e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6（\u6216\u8005\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u6d88\u8d39\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e），\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210，\u5176\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u4efb\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5b58\u5728\u53cd\u538b\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u6761\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u754c\u961f\u5217，\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u754c\u961f\u5217\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53cd\u538b\u673a\u200b\u200b\u5236\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

                    4.6 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6709\u5e8f\u6267\u884c<\/h3>\n

                    \u4e0e\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 socket.pause() \u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u767d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u4e86，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u538b\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u6682\u505c \u2018data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6682\u505c，\u5f53\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \u2018data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e， \u4e8b\u4ef6\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5b8c\u6210 \u2014\u2014\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217，\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u9519\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u95ee\u9898！<\/p>\n

                    \u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6(race condition)，\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

                    4.7 \u7ed3\u8bba：Promise vs. Callback<\/h3>\n

                    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0，\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e Promise \u7684 API，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528 Promise \u548c async\/await ，\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0a\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u66f4\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f，\u4e5f\u66f4\u96be\u63a7\u5236\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b，\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u66f4\u96be\u8bfb\u61c2，\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u66f4\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f，\u4e5f\u66f4\u96be\u63a7\u5236\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b，\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u66f4\u96be\u8bfb\u61c2，\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      05. \u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n

                      5.1 \u6d88\u606f\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668(Message Echo Server)<\/h3>\n

                      \u89e3\u6790 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u975e\u6613\u4e8b，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u5c0f\u5904\u7740\u624b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u534f\u8bae，\u4ee5\u6f14\u793a\u534f\u8bae\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd：\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7531\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26 \u2018\\\\n\u2019 \u5206\u9694\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001 \u2018quit\u2019 ，\u5219\u56de\u590d \u2018Bye.\u2019 ，\u7136\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u5426\u5219，\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u2019Echo: '\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u663e\u3002 \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        5.2 \u52a8\u6001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/h3>\n

                        Dynamic Buffers\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/p>\n

                        \u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53d1\u9001，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d，\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u62c6\u5206\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u5728 Node.js \u4e2d， Buffer \u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u6765\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

                        buf =<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>concat<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>buf,<\/span> data]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \u7136\u800c，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u6a21\u5f0f，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7b97\u6cd5\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n 2 )\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \/\/ pseudo code! bad example!<\/span>
                        \nwhile<\/span> (<\/span>need_more_data<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n buf =<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>concat<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>buf,<\/span> get_some_data<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \u6bcf\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u90fd\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5206\u644a\u590d\u5236\u6210\u672c，\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4 ： C++: std::vector and std::string. Python: bytearray. Go: slice.<\/p>\n

                        \u52a8\u6001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

                        \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u4e8e\u6240\u9700\u5927\u5c0f，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9644\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u989d\u5916\u5bb9\u91cf\u6765\u644a\u9500\u590d\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002DynBuf\u7c7b\u578b\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \/\/ A dynamic-sized buffer<\/span>
                        \ntype DynBuf =<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer,<\/span>
                        \n length<\/span>:<\/span> number,<\/span>
                        \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                        copy() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f src.copy(dst, dst_offset, src_offset) \u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \/\/ append data to DynBuf<\/span>
                        \nfunction<\/span> bufPush<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf,<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> void<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n const<\/span> newLen =<\/span> buf.<\/span>length +<\/span> data.<\/span>length;<\/span>
                        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>length <<\/span> newLen)<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n \/\/ grow the capacity …<\/span>
                        \n }<\/span>
                        \n data.<\/span>copy<\/span>(<\/span>buf.<\/span>data,<\/span> buf.<\/span>length,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                        \n buf.<\/span>length =<\/span> newLen;<\/span>
                        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                        Buffer.alloc(cap) \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u9700\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u644a\u9500\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(1)\u3002\u7f13\u51b2\u5bb9\u91cf\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91c7\u7528 2 \u7684\u5e42\u7ea7\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \/\/ append data to DynBuf<\/span>
                        \nfunction<\/span> bufPush<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf,<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> void<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n const<\/span> newLen =<\/span> buf.<\/span>length +<\/span> data.<\/span>length;<\/span>
                        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>length <<\/span> newLen)<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n \/\/ grow the capacity by the power of two<\/span>
                        \n let<\/span> cap =<\/span> Math.<\/span>max<\/span>(<\/span>buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>length,<\/span> 32<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                        \n while<\/span> (<\/span>cap <<\/span> newLen)<\/span> {<\/span>
                        \n cap *=<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
                        \n }<\/span>
                        \n const<\/span> grown =<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>alloc<\/span>(<\/span>cap)<\/span>;<\/span>
                        \n buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>copy<\/span>(<\/span>grown,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                        \n buf.<\/span>data =<\/span> grown;<\/span>
                        \n }<\/span>
                        \n data.<\/span>copy<\/span>(<\/span>buf.<\/span>data,<\/span> buf.<\/span>length,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                        \n buf.<\/span>length =<\/span> newLen;<\/span>
                        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                        5.3 \u5b9e\u73b0\u6d88\u606f\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

                        \u6b65\u9aa4 1：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n

                        \u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n

                        1.\u4ece\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u5b8c\u6574\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \u5411\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
                        • \u5982\u679c\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574，\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          2.\u5904\u7406\u6d88\u606f 3.\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n

                          async<\/span> function<\/span> serveClient<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                          \n const<\/span> conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn =<\/span> soInit<\/span>(<\/span>socket)<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n const<\/span> buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf =<\/span> {<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>alloc<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> length<\/span>:<\/span> 0<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                          \n \/\/ try to get 1 message from the buffer<\/span>
                          \n const<\/span> msg<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>Buffer =<\/span> cutMessage<\/span>(<\/span>buf)<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>msg)<\/span> {<\/span>
                          \n \/\/ need more data<\/span>
                          \n const<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer =<\/span> await<\/span> soRead<\/span>(<\/span>conn)<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n bufPush<\/span>(<\/span>buf,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n \/\/ EOF?<\/span>
                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                          \n \/\/ omitted …<\/span>
                          \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n }<\/span>
                          \n \/\/ got some data, try it again.<\/span>
                          \n continue<\/span>;<\/span>
                          \n }<\/span>
                          \n \/\/ omitted. process the message and send the response …<\/span>
                          \n }<\/span> \/\/ loop for messages<\/span>
                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u6d88\u606f\u8fb9\u754c\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u76f4\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

                          cutMessage() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \u3002<\/li>\n
                          • \u5426\u5219，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \u6b65\u9aa4\u4e8c：\u62c6\u5206\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n

                            cutMessage() \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9694\u7b26 \u2018\\\\n\u2019 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

                            function<\/span> cutMessage<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>Buffer {<\/span>
                            \n \/\/ messages are separated by '\\\\n'<\/span>
                            \n const<\/span> idx =<\/span> buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>subarray<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> buf.<\/span>length)<\/span>.<\/span>indexOf<\/span>(<\/span>'\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>idx <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                            \n return<\/span> null<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ not complete<\/span>
                            \n }<\/span>
                            \n \/\/ make a copy of the message and move the remaining data to the front<\/span>
                            \n const<\/span> msg =<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>subarray<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> idx +<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n bufPop<\/span>(<\/span>buf,<\/span> idx +<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                            \n return<\/span> msg;<\/span>
                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \u7136\u540e\u5b83\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u6570\u636e，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u4ece\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • buf.subarray() \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f15\u7528，\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n
                            • Buffer.from() \u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u79fb\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6765\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \/\/ remove data from the front<\/span>
                              \nfunction<\/span> bufPop<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf,<\/span> len<\/span>:<\/span> number<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> void<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \n buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>copyWithin<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> len,<\/span> buf.<\/span>length)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n buf.<\/span>length -=<\/span> len;<\/span>
                              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                              buf.copyWithin(dst, src_start, src_end) \u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e，\u6e90\u533a\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u53e0，\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684memmove()\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u4f18\u89e3，\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u6b65\u9aa4\u4e09：\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n

                              \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

                              while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \n \/\/ try to get 1 message from the buffer<\/span>
                              \n const<\/span> msg =<\/span> cutMessage<\/span>(<\/span>buf)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>msg)<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \n \/\/ omitted …<\/span>
                              \n continue<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \/\/ process the message and send the response<\/span>
                              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>msg.<\/span>equals<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'quit\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \n await<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'Bye.\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n socket.<\/span>destroy<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
                              \n const<\/span> reply =<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>concat<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'Echo: '<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> msg]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n await<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> reply)<\/span>;<\/span>
                              \n }<\/span>
                              \n }<\/span> \/\/ loop for messages<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73b0\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5： socat \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

                              5.4 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n

                              \u4ece\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u79fb\u9664\u6d88\u606f\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7591\u60d1，\u65e2\u7136\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u524d\u7b49\u5f85\u54cd\u5e94，\u90a3\u4e48\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6b8b\u7559\u6570\u636e\u5462？\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bf7\u6c42(Pipelining Requests)\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n

                              \u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u9875，\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u811a\u672c\u548c\u6837\u5f0f\u8868\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u8be5\u7f51\u9875\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42，\u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u81f3\u5c11\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4 (RTT)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u9010\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f85\u54cd\u5e94，\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u7f29\u77ed\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e0\u9700\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u5f02，\u56e0\u4e3a TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3002 \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

                              \u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5f0f\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u51cf\u5c11\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4 (RTT) \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u539f\u56e0，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u652f\u6301\u7ba1\u9053\u8bf7\u6c42(Pipelined Requests)<\/p>\n

                              \u867d\u7136\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668（\u5982Redis\u3001NGINX）\u53d1\u9001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f83\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5374\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898！\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668，Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebfHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42，\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u4f46\u662f，\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5c06 TCP \u6570\u636e\u4e25\u683c\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41，\u5219\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6d88\u606f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7f13\u51b2\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u9010\u4e2a\u6d88\u8017\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u56e0\u6b64，\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u68c0\u9a8c\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u89c6\u4e3a\u201cTCP \u6570\u636e\u5305\u201d，\u5219\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

                              echo –<\/span>e 'asdf\\\\n1234'<\/span> |<\/span> socat tcp:<\/span>127.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.1<\/span>:<\/span>1234<\/span> –<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u6b21data\u2019 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6536\u5230\u4e24\u6761\u6d88\u606f '，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u7ba1\u9053\u5f0f\u6b7b\u9501<\/p>\n

                              \u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5f0f\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879：\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u9501；\u56e0\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u90fd\u5df2\u6ee1，\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6b7b\u9501，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5361\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6e05\u7a7a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

                              5.5 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u66f4\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u5668<\/h3>\n

                              \u4ece\u524d\u7aef\u79fb\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

                              \u5f53\u524d\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4ee3\u7801\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728O(n\u00b2)\u884c\u4e3a：\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ece\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u79fb\u9664\u6d88\u606f\u65f6，\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u91cf\u6d88\u606f\u65f6，\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u9700\u8981\u5206\u644a\u6570\u636e\u79fb\u52a8\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6570\u636e\u79fb\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e，\u76f4\u5230\u524d\u7aef\u6d6a\u8d39\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u9608\u503c（\u4f8b\u5982\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u534a）\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u590d\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n

                              \u5982\u679c\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c，\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u4f8b\u5982，\u8bb8\u591a HTTP \u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5934\u90e8\u5927\u5c0f\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u9650\u5236，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u653e\u7f6e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86，\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d，\u8be5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e5f\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f：<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406（\u521d\u59cb\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u9664\u5916）\u3002<\/li>\n
                              • \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e Node.js \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u592a\u76f8\u5173，\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u786c\u4ef6\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

                                5.6 \u7ed3\u8bba：\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n

                                \u76ee\u524d\u6240\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u603b\u7ed3\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • socket API：\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • \u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e Promise \u3002\u4f7f\u7528 async \u548c await \u3002<\/li>\n
                                • \u53cd\u538b\u3001\u961f\u5217\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • TCP \u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  06. HTTP \u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

                                  HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u975e\u5e38\u6613\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb，\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u793a\u4f8b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u7801\u6f0f\u6d1e\u767e\u51fa，\u800c\u4e14\u4f60\u4e5f\u5b66\u4e0d\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u89c4\u8303\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 RFC \u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n

                                  6.1 \u9ad8\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n

                                  \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u4ece\u5f15\u8a00\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

                                  HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • \u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd，\u4f8b\u5982 GET ， POST \u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • URI\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u5217\u8868，\u5373\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5： GET \u548c HEAD \u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    HTTP \u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • \u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/li>\n
                                    • \u6807\u9898\u5b57\u6bb5\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n
                                    • \u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \u4ece HTTP\/1.0 \u5230 HTTP\/3，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      6.2 \u5185\u5bb9\u957f\u5ea6<\/h3>\n

                                      HTTP \u8bed\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca，\u8fd9\u5728 RFC 9110 \u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f Content-Length \u548c Transfer-Encoding ，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 HTTP \u6d88\u606f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6，\u8fd9\u662f\u534f\u8bae\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      HTTP \u6807\u5934\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

                                      \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u90fd\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210：\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u884c\u5206\u9694\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26 \u2018\\\\r\\\\n\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5934\u90e8\u4ee5 \u2018\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e，\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u884c\u5728\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u5934\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

                                      \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Content-Length\u5b57\u6bb5，\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5305\u542b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      \u67d0\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u7684HTTP\/1.0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528Content-Length，\u6b64\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u5373\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u81f3\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e（EOF）\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5373\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u6b63\u6587\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898：\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      6.3 \u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801<\/h3>\n

                                      \u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

                                      \u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Transfer-Encoding: chunked \u800c\u4e0d\u662f Content-Length \u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801 \u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6807\u8bb0\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      \u8fd9\u6837\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u4f8b\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d41\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93 \u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u5373\u53ef\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c42<\/p>\n

                                      \u5206\u5757\u7f16\u7801\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c？\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9，\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u4e0d\u77e5\u6653\u603b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u957f\u5ea6，\u4f46\u6e05\u695a\u5f53\u524d\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5206\u5757\u201d\u7684\u8ff7\u4f60\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u800c\u7279\u6b8a\u5206\u5757\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u5757\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e，\u76f4\u81f3\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u5757\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                      4\\\\r\\\\nHTTP\\\\r\\\\n5\\\\r\\\\nserver\\\\r\\\\n0\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n<\/p>\n

                                      \u5b83\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u6210 3 \u4e2a\u90e8\u5206：<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • 4\\\\r\\\\nHTTP\\\\r\\\\n<\/li>\n
                                      • 5\\\\r\\\\nserver\\\\r\\\\n<\/li>\n
                                      • 0\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \u4f60\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u80fd\u731c\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u5f00\u59cb，\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 0 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \u6570\u636e\u5757\u5e76\u975e\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n

                                        \u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5757\u8fb9\u754c\u4ec5\u662f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f；\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ecd\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        6.4 HTTP \u4e2d\u7684\u6b67\u4e49<\/h3>\n

                                        \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u6848\u4f8b<\/p>\n

                                        \u603b\u4e4b，\u8fd9\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4f53\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5（\u524d\u63d0\u662fHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u643a\u5e26\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u4f53，\u5373POST\u6216PUT\u8bf7\u6c42）\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      • \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728 Transfer-Encoding: chunked，\u5219\u89e3\u6790\u5206\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      • \u5982\u679c Content-Length: number \u6709\u6548，\u5219\u957f\u5ea6\u5df2\u77e5\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      • \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n

                                        \u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5，\u4f8b\u5982 GET \u548c HEAD \u8bf7\u6c42\u3001304（\u672a\u4fee\u6539）\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7b49，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97 HTTP \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \u6ce8\u610f\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b<\/p>\n

                                        \u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7591\u60d1：\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406？\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u6b63\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u6839\u6e90，\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d70\u79c1\u201d\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \u53e6\u4e00\u5904\u6a21\u7cca\u70b9\u5728\u4e8eGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u4f53：\u82e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u542bContent-Length\u5b57\u6bb5，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u5ffd\u7565\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fd8\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5？\u82e5Content-Length: 0\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406？<\/p>\n

                                        \u6b64\u5916，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539Content-Length\u548cTransfer-Encoding\u5b57\u6bb5？\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u8ba8\u8bba，\u5c3d\u7ba1RFC\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        6.5 HTTP \u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

                                        RFC 9112 \u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6bd4\u7279\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \u9605\u8bfb BNF \u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n

                                        HTTP\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3aBNF\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u67e5\u9605RFC 9112\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c2. \u6d88\u606f\u201d\u7ae0\u8282，\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

                                        \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u5176\u542b\u4e49\u4e3a：HTTP\u6d88\u606f\u5206\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u5f00\u5934，\u968f\u540e\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5，\u63a5\u7740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u884c，\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u9009\u5730\u8ddf\u968f\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u5404\u884c\u901a\u8fc7CRLF\u5206\u9694，\u5373ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u2019\\\\r\\\\n\u2019\u3002BNF\u8bed\u8a00\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        HTTP \u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n

                                        field-line = field-name \u201c:\u201d OWS field-value OWS<\/p>\n

                                        \u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u4e0e\u503c\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694，\u4f46\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u548c\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5728RFC 9110\u4e2d\u53e6\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u8fd9\u662f\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u4e0e\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c4\u5219\u3002SP\u3001HTAB\u548cVCHAR\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u548c\u53ef\u6253\u5370ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u7b26（CR）\u548c\u6362\u884c\u7b26（LF）\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \u90e8\u5206\u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219，\u4f8b\u5982\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\u6216\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u6682\u4e0d\u5904\u7406，\u5f85\u540e\u7eed\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u518d\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        HTTP\u89c4\u8303\u5185\u5bb9\u5e9e\u6742，\u672c\u7ae0\u4ec5\u6db5\u76d6\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u90e8\u5206，\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        6.6 \u5e38\u7528\u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h3>\n

                                        \u8bb8\u591a\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u8981\u4e48\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u89e3\u6790，\u8981\u4e48\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u9009\u7684HTTP\u529f\u80fd，\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u67e5HTTP\u5934\u90e8\u6765\u719f\u6089\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

                                        6.7 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

                                        \u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

                                        \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2aHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fGET\u548cPOST\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5？\u9664\u4e86POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u80fd\u643a\u5e26\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u800cGET\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5916，\u5c06\u53ea\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u79bb\u4e5f\u662f\u660e\u667a\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GET\u8fdb\u884c\u53ea\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c，\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ea4\u7ed9POST\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5171\u6709 3 \u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • GET<\/li>\n
                                        • HEAD ，\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e GET ，\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n
                                        • OPTIONS，\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528，\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c CORS \u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          \u53ef\u7f13\u5b58\u6027(Cacheability)<\/p>\n

                                          \u5c06\u53ea\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762，\u7531\u4e8e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001，\u56e0\u6b64\u7f13\u5b58\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                                          \u7136\u800c，\u7f13\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u4e0d\u540cHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • GET \u548c HEAD \u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f46 OPTIONS \u5219\u4e0d\u662f，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/li>\n
                                          • \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f13\u5b58\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
                                          • Cache-Control \u6807\u5934\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f13\u5b58\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
                                          • POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58，\u9664\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7f55\u89c1\u7684Content-Location\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7f13\u5b58\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n
                                          • \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            CRUD \u548c\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

                                            \u4f60\u6216\u8bb8\u66fe\u7591\u60d1\u4e3a\u4f55HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u6b64\u7e41\u591a\u3002\u4ec5\u7528GET\u548cPOST\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u591f\u5417？\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\u3002HTTP\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u8bba\u575b\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u6837\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e16\u5b50：<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \n

                                              \u901a\u8fc7 PUT \u521b\u5efa\u5e16\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              \u901a\u8fc7 GET \u8bfb\u53d6\u5e16\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              \u901a\u8fc7 PATCH \u66f4\u65b0\u5e16\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              \u4f7f\u7528 DELETE \u5220\u9664\u5e16\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              \u8fd9 4 \u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a CRUD \u3002<\/p>\n

                                              Idempotence(\u5e42\u7b49\u6027)<\/p>\n

                                              \u4f46\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u5c06CRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f5c\u4e3aHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5？\u8bba\u575b\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5c06\u5e16\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u575b，HTTP \u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b MOVE \u65b9\u6cd5\u5462？\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u7167\u642c\u82f1\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u800c\u5b9a\u4e49 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7406\u7531\u3002\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u5728\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e42\u7b49\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

                                              \u5e42\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u6307\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u91cd\u8bd5\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c，\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u901a\u8fc7 SSH rm \u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f46\u5728\u770b\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00，\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u4f46\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u518d\u6b21\u76f2\u76ee\u5730 rm \u5b83（\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6）：<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u4e86，\u4f60\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n
                                              • \u5982\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 rm \u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25，\u800c\u8fd9\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f，\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n
                                              • \u5982\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 rm \u6210\u529f\u4e86，\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u4e5f\u65e0\u59a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                \u901a\u8fc7 HTTP \u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5e42\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u5c31\u50cf rm \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                HTTP \u4e2d\u7684\u5e42\u7b49\u6027：<\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                • \u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5（ GET \u548c HEAD ）\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                • PUT \u548c DELETE \u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684，\u8986\u76d6\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                • POST \u548c PATCH \u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e42\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e42\u7b49\u6027：<\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • \u82e5\u901a\u8fc7POST\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u5237\u65b0\u9875\u9762，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e42\u7b49\u6027\u7684\u8868\u5355\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                  • HTML\u8868\u5355\u4ec5\u652f\u6301GET\u548cPOST\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e42\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9AJAX\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    \u4f46\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u7b54\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u52a8\u8bcd，\u56e0\u4e3a HTTP \u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e42\u7b49\u5199\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a（ PATCH \u3001 PUT \u3001 DELETE ）\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                    HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n

                                                    \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u6ce8\u610f：\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58 POST \u6216 PATCH \u8bf7\u6c42，\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                    6.8 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236<\/h3>\n

                                                    HTTP\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u662f\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7telnet\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u7d22\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6587\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u5b58\u5728\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                    \u6587\u672c\u5e38\u5e38\u542b\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05<\/p>\n

                                                    \u5176\u5f0a\u7aef\u5728\u4e8e：\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u964d\u4f4e\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027，\u56e0\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u8d85\u51fa\u5fc5\u8981\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5HTTP\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • \u5e38\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5\u662f Content-Length \u548c Transfer-Encoding \u3002<\/li>\n
                                                    • \u67d0\u4e9b HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                    • \u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb，\u4f8b\u5982，\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d70\u79c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                      HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u5f88\u7b80\u5355，\u7b80\u5355\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u7f16\u5199 HTTP \u4ee3\u7801\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u89c4\u5219\u592a\u591a，\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                      \u6587\u672c\u66f4\u8d39\u65f6\u8d39\u529b\u4e14\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519<\/p>\n

                                                      \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u8981\u8d39\u529b\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u957f\u5ea6，\u800c\u957f\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                      \u5b83\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519；\u5728 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4ee5\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（0 \u5206\u9694\u7b26）\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                      HTTP\/2 \u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684，\u6bd4 HTTP\/1.1 \u66f4\u590d\u6742，\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u4ecd\u7136\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5904\u7406\u672a\u77e5\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                      6.9 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/h3>\n

                                                      \u5206\u9694\u7b26\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

                                                      \u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5728\u6587\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • \u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4ee5 CRLF \u5206\u9694\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                      • \u6807\u9898\u548c\u6b63\u6587\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u884c\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                        \u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u89c4\u5219，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                        \u82e5\u6076\u610f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u8bf1\u4f7f\u5b58\u5728\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542bCRLF\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c，\u4e14\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u672b\u5c3e，\u5219\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6b63\u6587\u5c06\u4ee5\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u6b64\u73b0\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u62c6\u5206\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                        \u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u683c\u7684 HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5fc5\u987b\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528CRLF，\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u6765\u8bf4，\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，JSON \u4f7f\u7528 {} [] , : \u6765\u5206\u9694\u5143\u7d20，\u4f46 JSON \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26，\u56e0\u6b64\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u5f15\u53f7\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26，\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u5bf9\u5f15\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                        \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a JSON \u5e93\u6765\u751f\u6210 JSON \u6570\u636e，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u62fc\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u800c\u4e14 HTTP \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u5982 JSON \u5b8c\u5584，\u4e5f\u66f4\u590d\u6742，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                        \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u524d\u7f00\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

                                                        \u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d，\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u957f\u5ea6\u524d\u7f00\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u636e\u524d\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        • \u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u957f\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                        • WebSocket \u5e27\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                        • HTTP\/2. \u57fa\u4e8e\u5e27\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                        • \u6d88\u606f\u5305 \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                          07. \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n

                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u6d88\u606f\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e86 HTTP \u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          7.1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u7801<\/h3>\n

                                                          \u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u9876\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

                                                          \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9 HTTP \u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49 HTTP \u6d88\u606f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ a parsed HTTP request header<\/span>
                                                          \ntype HTTPReq =<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n method<\/span>:<\/span> string,<\/span>
                                                          \n uri<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer,<\/span>
                                                          \n version<\/span>:<\/span> string,<\/span>
                                                          \n headers<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer[<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ an HTTP response<\/span>
                                                          \ntype HTTPRes =<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n code<\/span>:<\/span> number,<\/span>
                                                          \n headers<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer[<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
                                                          \n body<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader,<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Buffer\u800c\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b58\u50a8URI\u548c\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u7eaf\u6587\u672c，\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1URI\u548c\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u5fc5\u987b\u662fASCII\u6216UTF-8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u524d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u7559\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          BodyReader\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ an interface for reading\/writing data from\/to the HTTP body.<\/span>
                                                          \ntype BodyReader =<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ the "Content-Length", -1 if unknown.<\/span>
                                                          \n length<\/span>:<\/span> number,<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ read data. returns an empty buffer after EOF.<\/span>
                                                          \n read<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> Promise<<\/span>Buffer><\/span>,<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6b63\u6587\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u9650，\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u51fa\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf，\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528read()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u800c\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684buffer\u3002read()\u51fd\u6570\u9075\u5faasoRead()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u7a7abuffer\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5757\u7f16\u7801\u65f6，\u6b63\u6587\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6b64\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \u6b65\u9aa4 2：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n

                                                          \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5faa\u73af\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u524d\u7ae0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e cutMessage() \u51fd\u6570\u4ec5\u89e3\u6790 HTTP \u5934\u90e8；\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u4f53\u9700\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6，\u6216\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6211\u4eec\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u4f53\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          async<\/span> function<\/span> serveClient<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf =<\/span> {<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>alloc<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> length<\/span>:<\/span> 0<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ try to get 1 request header from the buffer<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> msg<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>HTTPReq =<\/span> cutMessage<\/span>(<\/span>buf)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>msg)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ need more data<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> data =<\/span> await<\/span> soRead<\/span>(<\/span>conn)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n bufPush<\/span>(<\/span>buf,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ EOF?<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span> &&<\/span> buf.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ no more requests<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>(<\/span>400<\/span>,<\/span> 'Unexpected EOF.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ got some data, try it again.<\/span>
                                                          \n continue<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ process the message and send the response<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> reqBody<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader =<\/span> readerFromReq<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> buf,<\/span> msg)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> res<\/span>:<\/span> HTTPRes =<\/span> await<\/span> handleReq<\/span>(<\/span>msg,<\/span> reqBody)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n await<\/span> writeHTTPResp<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> res)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ close the connection for HTTP\/1.0<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>msg.<\/span>version ===<\/span> '1.0'<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ make sure that the request body is consumed completely<\/span>
                                                          \n while<\/span> (<\/span>(<\/span>await<\/span> reqBody.<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>length ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* empty *\/<\/span> }<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span> \/\/ loop for IO<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          HTTPError\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b，\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u9519\u8bef\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u4ec5\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u800c\u5b58\u5728，\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u5982\u6b64\u968f\u610f\u629b\u63b7\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          async<\/span> function<\/span> newConn<\/span>(<\/span>socket<\/span>:<\/span> net.<\/span>Socket<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn =<\/span> soInit<\/span>(<\/span>socket)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n try<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n await<\/span> serveClient<\/span>(<\/span>conn)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>exc)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n console.<\/span>error<\/span>(<\/span>'exception:'<\/span>,<\/span> exc)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>exc instanceof<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ intended to send an error response<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> resp<\/span>:<\/span> HTTPRes =<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n code<\/span>:<\/span> exc.<\/span>code,<\/span>
                                                          \n headers<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
                                                          \n body<\/span>:<\/span> readerFromMemory<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>exc.<\/span>message +<\/span> '\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n try<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n await<\/span> writeHTTPResp<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> resp)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>exc)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* ignore *\/<\/span> }<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span> finally<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n socket.<\/span>destroy<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \u6b65\u9aa4 3：\u62c6\u5206\u6807\u9898<\/p>\n

                                                          HTTP \u6807\u5934\u4ee5 \u2018\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a，\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236，\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790\u5934\u90e8\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d，\u800c\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ the maximum length of an HTTP header<\/span>
                                                          \nconst<\/span> kMaxHeaderLen =<\/span> 1024<\/span> *<\/span> 8<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ parse & remove a header from the beginning of the buffer if possible<\/span>
                                                          \nfunction<\/span> cutMessage<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>HTTPReq {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ the end of the header is marked by '\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n'<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> idx =<\/span> buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>subarray<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> buf.<\/span>length)<\/span>.<\/span>indexOf<\/span>(<\/span>'\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>idx <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>buf.<\/span>length >=<\/span> kMaxHeaderLen)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>(<\/span>413<\/span>,<\/span> 'header is too large'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span> null<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ need more data<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ parse & remove the header<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> msg =<\/span> parseHTTPReq<\/span>(<\/span>buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>subarray<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> idx +<\/span> 4<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n bufPop<\/span>(<\/span>buf,<\/span> idx +<\/span> 4<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span> msg;<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \u6709\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u89e3\u6790\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7b49\u5f85\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 HTTP \u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \u6b65\u9aa4\u56db：\u89e3\u6790\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

                                                          \u8981\u89e3\u6790 HTTP \u5934\u90e8，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528 CRLF \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5272\u6210\u884c，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ parse an HTTP request header<\/span>
                                                          \nfunction<\/span> parseHTTPReq<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> HTTPReq {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ split the data into lines<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> lines<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer[<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> splitLines<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ the first line is `METHOD URI VERSION`<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> [<\/span>method,<\/span> uri,<\/span> version]<\/span> =<\/span> parseRequestLine<\/span>(<\/span>lines[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ followed by header fields in the format of `Name: value`<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> headers<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer[<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n for<\/span> (<\/span>let<\/span> i =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> lines.<\/span>length –<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> h =<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>lines[<\/span>i]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ copy<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>validateHeader<\/span>(<\/span>h)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>(<\/span>400<\/span>,<\/span> 'bad field'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n headers.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>h)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ the header ends by an empty line<\/span>
                                                          \n console.<\/span>assert<\/span>(<\/span>lines[<\/span>lines.<\/span>length –<\/span> 1<\/span>]<\/span>.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n method<\/span>:<\/span> method,<\/span> uri<\/span>:<\/span> uri,<\/span> version<\/span>:<\/span> version,<\/span> headers<\/span>:<\/span> headers,<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u662f\u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u89e3\u6790\u6807\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5，\u4f46\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e3b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          splitLines() \u3001 parseRequestLine() \u548c validateHeader() \u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8da3，\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e RFC \u89c4\u8303\u81ea\u884c\u7f16\u5199\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65：\u9605\u8bfb\u6b63\u6587<\/p>\n

                                                          \u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u524d，\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6784\u9020BodyReader\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0，\u8bfb\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ BodyReader from an HTTP request<\/span>
                                                          \nfunction<\/span> readerFromReq<\/span>(<\/span>
                                                          \n conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn,<\/span> buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf,<\/span> req<\/span>:<\/span> HTTPReq<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader
                                                          \n{<\/span>
                                                          \n let<\/span> bodyLen =<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> contentLen =<\/span> fieldGet<\/span>(<\/span>req.<\/span>headers,<\/span> 'Content-Length'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>contentLen)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n bodyLen =<\/span> parseDec<\/span>(<\/span>contentLen.<\/span>toString<\/span>(<\/span>'latin1'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>isNaN<\/span>(<\/span>bodyLen)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>(<\/span>400<\/span>,<\/span> 'bad Content-Length.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> bodyAllowed =<\/span> !<\/span>(<\/span>req.<\/span>method ===<\/span> 'GET'<\/span> ||<\/span> req.<\/span>method ===<\/span> 'HEAD'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> chunked =<\/span> fieldGet<\/span>(<\/span>req.<\/span>headers,<\/span> 'Transfer-Encoding'<\/span>)<\/span>
                                                          \n ?.<\/span>equals<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'chunked'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> ||<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>bodyAllowed &&<\/span> (<\/span>bodyLen ><\/span> 0<\/span> ||<\/span> chunked)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>(<\/span>400<\/span>,<\/span> 'HTTP body not allowed.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>bodyAllowed)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n bodyLen =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          if<\/span> (<\/span>bodyLen >=<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ "Content-Length" is present<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span> readerFromConnLength<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> buf,<\/span> bodyLen)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span> else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>chunked)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ chunked encoding<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>(<\/span>501<\/span>,<\/span> 'TODO'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ read the rest of the connection<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> HTTPError<\/span>(<\/span>501<\/span>,<\/span> 'TODO'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \u6b64\u5904\u9700\u5173\u6ce8Content-Length\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0eTransfer-Encoding\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002fieldGet()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6309\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c，\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7559\u5f85\u8bfb\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          function<\/span> fieldGet<\/span>(<\/span>headers<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer[<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> key<\/span>:<\/span> string<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>Buffer;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0Content-Length\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，\u5176\u4f59\u60c5\u5f62\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                          \/\/ BodyReader from a socket with a known length<\/span>
                                                          \nfunction<\/span> readerFromConnLength<\/span>(<\/span>
                                                          \n conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn,<\/span> buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf,<\/span> remain<\/span>:<\/span> number<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader
                                                          \n{<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n length<\/span>:<\/span> remain,<\/span>
                                                          \n read<\/span>:<\/span> async<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>Buffer><\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>remain ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ done<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>buf.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ try to get some data if there is none<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> data =<\/span> await<\/span> soRead<\/span>(<\/span>conn)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n bufPush<\/span>(<\/span>buf,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ expect more data!<\/span>
                                                          \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> Error<\/span>(<\/span>'Unexpected EOF from HTTP body'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n \/\/ consume data from the buffer<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> consume =<\/span> Math.<\/span>min<\/span>(<\/span>buf.<\/span>length,<\/span> remain)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n remain -=<\/span> consume;<\/span>
                                                          \n const<\/span> data =<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>buf.<\/span>data.<\/span>subarray<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> consume)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n bufPop<\/span>(<\/span>buf,<\/span> consume)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n return<\/span> data;<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>
                                                          \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          readerFromConnLength()\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aBodyReader\u5bf9\u8c61，\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7cbe\u786e\u8bfb\u53d6Content-Length\u5b57\u6bb5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002\u9700\u6ce8\u610f：\u6765\u81ea\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ece\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          • \u5728\u4ece\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d，\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                          • \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u653e\u56de\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                            remain\u53d8\u91cf\u662fread()\u51fd\u6570\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf，\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5269\u4f59\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u6b65\u9aa4 6：\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

                                                            \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 URI \u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \/\/ a sample request handler<\/span>
                                                            \nasync<\/span> function<\/span> handleReq<\/span>(<\/span>req<\/span>:<\/span> HTTPReq,<\/span> body<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>HTTPRes><\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ act on the request URI<\/span>
                                                            \n let<\/span> resp<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader;<\/span>
                                                            \n switch<\/span> (<\/span>req.<\/span>uri.<\/span>toString<\/span>(<\/span>'latin1'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n case<\/span> '\/echo'<\/span>:<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ http echo server<\/span>
                                                            \n resp =<\/span> body;<\/span>
                                                            \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n default<\/span>:<\/span>
                                                            \n resp =<\/span> readerFromMemory<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'hello world.\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            return<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n code<\/span>:<\/span> 200<\/span>,<\/span>
                                                            \n headers<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'Server: my_first_http_server'<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
                                                            \n body<\/span>:<\/span> resp,<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u82e5URI\u4e3a\u2019\/echo\u2019，\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7curl\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            curl –<\/span>s —<\/span>data–<\/span>binary 'hello'<\/span> http<\/span>:<\/span>\/<\/span>\/<\/span>127.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.1<\/span>:<\/span>1234<\/span>\/<\/span>echo<\/p>\n

                                                            \u53e6\u4e00\u793a\u4f8b\u54cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u2019hello world.\\\\n\u2019\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u5148\u521b\u5efaBodyReader\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \/\/ BodyReader from in-memory data<\/span>
                                                            \nfunction<\/span> readerFromMemory<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader {<\/span>
                                                            \n let<\/span> done =<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n return<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n length<\/span>:<\/span> data.<\/span>length,<\/span>
                                                            \n read<\/span>:<\/span> async<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>Buffer><\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>done)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n return<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ no more data<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n done =<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n return<\/span> data;<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>,<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            read() \u51fd\u6570\u9996\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u636e，\u540e\u7eed\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de EOF\u3002\u6b64\u7279\u6027\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u4e14\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u5b58\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u6b65\u9aa4 7：\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u590d<\/p>\n

                                                            \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6b63\u6587\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u5df2\u77e5\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4f53，\u5206\u5757\u7f16\u7801\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u6dfb\u52a0Content-Length\u5b57\u6bb5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \/\/ send an HTTP response through the socket<\/span>
                                                            \nasync<\/span> function<\/span> writeHTTPResp<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn,<\/span> resp<\/span>:<\/span> HTTPRes<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>resp.<\/span>body.<\/span>length <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> Error<\/span>(<\/span>'TODO: chunked encoding'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ set the "Content-Length" field<\/span>
                                                            \n console.<\/span>assert<\/span>(<\/span>!<\/span>fieldGet<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>headers,<\/span> 'Content-Length'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n resp.<\/span>headers.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>`<\/span>Content-Length: <\/span>${<\/span>resp.<\/span>body.<\/span>length}<\/span><\/span>`<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ write the header<\/span>
                                                            \n await<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> encodeHTTPResp<\/span>(<\/span>resp)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ write the body<\/span>
                                                            \n while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n const<\/span> data =<\/span> await<\/span> resp.<\/span>body.<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>data.<\/span>length ===<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>
                                                            \n await<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>
                                                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            encodeHTTPResp() \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u7f16\u7801\u5230\u5b57\u8282\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c，\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

                                                            \u7f16\u7801\u6bd4\u89e3\u6790\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u591a，\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7559\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u6b65\u9aa4 8：\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n

                                                            \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u7528，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u4e3a HTTP\/1.0 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f，\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u524d，\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63\u6587\u5df2\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63\u6587，\u5bfc\u81f4\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u505c\u7559\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            async<\/span> function<\/span> serveClient<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n const<\/span> buf<\/span>:<\/span> DynBuf =<\/span> {<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>alloc<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> length<\/span>:<\/span> 0<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ try to get 1 request header from the buffer<\/span>
                                                            \n const<\/span> msg<\/span>:<\/span> null<\/span>|<\/span>HTTPReq =<\/span> cutMessage<\/span>(<\/span>buf)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>msg)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ omitted …<\/span>
                                                            \n continue<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \/\/ process the message and send the response<\/span>
                                                            \n const<\/span> reqBody<\/span>:<\/span> BodyReader =<\/span> readerFromReq<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> buf,<\/span> msg)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n const<\/span> res<\/span>:<\/span> HTTPRes =<\/span> await<\/span> handleReq<\/span>(<\/span>msg,<\/span> reqBody)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n await<\/span> writeHTTPResp<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> res)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ close the connection for HTTP\/1.0<\/span>
                                                            \n if<\/span> (<\/span>msg.<\/span>version ===<\/span> '1.0'<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ make sure that the request body is consumed completely<\/span>
                                                            \n while<\/span> (<\/span>(<\/span>await<\/span> reqBody.<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>length ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* empty *\/<\/span> }<\/span>
                                                            \n }<\/span> \/\/ loop for IO<\/span>
                                                            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u642d\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            7.2 \u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n

                                                            \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528curl\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u201chello world\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u5411\u2019\/echo\u2019\u8def\u5f84\u53d1\u9001POST\u6570\u636e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u56de\u663e\u7ed9\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            curl –<\/span>s —<\/span>data–<\/span>binary 'hello'<\/span> http<\/span>:<\/span>\/<\/span>\/<\/span>127.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.1<\/span>:<\/span>1234<\/span>\/<\/span>echo<\/p>\n

                                                            \u5927\u578b HTTP \u4e3b\u4f53<\/p>\n

                                                            curl \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u6052\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58，\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa (OOM)\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            curl –<\/span>s —<\/span>data–<\/span>binary @a_big_file http:<\/span>\/<\/span>\/<\/span>127.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.1<\/span>:<\/span>1234<\/span>\/<\/span>echo |<\/span> sha1sum<\/p>\n

                                                            \u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n

                                                            \u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5355\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7socat\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u6216\u501f\u52a9shell\u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            (<\/span>cat req1.<\/span>txt;<\/span> sleep 1<\/span>;<\/span> cat req2.<\/span>txt)<\/span> |<\/span> socat tcp:<\/span>127.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.1<\/span>:<\/span>1234<\/span>,<\/span>crnl –<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f socat \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684 crnl \u9009\u9879，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u884c\u4ee5 CRLF \u800c\u4e0d\u662f LF \u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u5982\u679c\u79fb\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 sleep 1 ，\u5219\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            7.3 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u7eb3\u683c\u5c14\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

                                                            \u4f18\u5316：\u5408\u5e76\u5c0f\u5199\u5165<\/p>\n

                                                            \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528encodeHTTPResp()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u7136\u540e\u624d\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5199\u5165\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65，\u76f4\u63a5\u9010\u884c\u5199\u5165\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \/\/ Bad example!<\/span>
                                                            \nawait<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>`<\/span>HTTP\/1.1 <\/span>${<\/span>msg.<\/span>code}<\/span><\/span> <\/span>${<\/span>status}<\/span><\/span>\\\\r\\\\n<\/span>`<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \nfor<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> h of<\/span> msg.<\/span>headers)<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n await<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> h)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n await<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'\\\\r\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n}<\/span>
                                                            \nawait<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn,<\/span> Buffer.<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>'\\\\r\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5bfc\u81f4TCP\u53d1\u9001\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u9500，\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fd8\u9700\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u591a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u4f1a，\u5728TCP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a\u201cNagle\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f20\u8f93\u6765\u4f7f\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u79ef\u7d2f\u6570\u636e，\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5c0f\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5408\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u8fc7\u65e9\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n

                                                            \u7136\u800c，\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1（\u5982TLS）\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4（RTT），\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728TCP\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u4eca\u53cd\u800c\u663e\u5f97\u50cf\u662f\u53cd\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u800c\u4e14，\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0；\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u5c0f\u6570\u636e，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u7f16\u5199\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u59a5\u5584\u7ba1\u7406\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e26\u7f13\u51b2\u7684 I\/O \u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0，\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 Nagle \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5219\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570，\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 Nagle \u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u65e0\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u505a\u6cd5<\/p>\n

                                                            \u5f00\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6：<\/p>\n

                                                          • \u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5c0f，\u5e94\u5728\u5199\u5165\u524d\u5408\u5e76\u5c11\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                          • \u7981\u7528\u7eb3\u683c\u5c14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n

                                                            Nagle \u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js \u4e2d\u7684 noDelay \u6807\u5fd7\u7981\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            const<\/span> server =<\/span> net.<\/span>createServer<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>
                                                            \n noDelay<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ TCP_NODELAY<\/span>
                                                            \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            7.4 \u8ba8\u8bba：\u7f13\u51b2\u5199\u5165\u5668<\/h3>\n

                                                            \u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848：\u4f7f\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\u534a\u900f\u660e\u5316<\/p>\n

                                                            \u4e0e\u5176\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90a3\u6837\u663e\u5f0f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u81f3\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u5728TCPConn\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \/\/ append data to an internal buffer<\/span>
                                                            \nfunction<\/span> soWrite<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn,<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span>
                                                            \n\/\/ flush the buffer to the runtime<\/span>
                                                            \nfunction<\/span> soFlush<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u5728\u65b0\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d， soWrite() \u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 TCPConn \u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u5e76\u4e14\u65b0\u7684 soFlush() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u9650， soWrite() \u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u8fd9\u79cdIO\u98ce\u683c\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c，\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u89c1\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684stdio\u5e93\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528fflush()\u8fdb\u884c\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            \u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848：\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f13\u51b2\u5305\u88c5\u5668<\/p>\n

                                                            \u6216\u8005，\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559 TCPConn \u4e0d\u53d8，\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7c7b\u578b，\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                                                            type BufferedWriter =<\/span> {<\/span>
                                                            \n write<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> Buffer<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
                                                            \n flush<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> Promise<<\/span>void<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
                                                            \n \/\/ …<\/span>
                                                            \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            function<\/span> createBufferedWriter<\/span>(<\/span>conn<\/span>:<\/span> TCPConn<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> BufferedWriter;<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eGo\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684bufio.Writer\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5728\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f13\u51b2，\u6b64\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u5c01\u88c5\u5668\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6IO\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u4e14 Go \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u63a5\u53e3（ io.Writer ），\u4f7f\u7f13\u51b2\u5199\u5165\u5668\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u4ee3\u975e\u7f13\u51b2\u5199\u5165\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                            Go\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u9274\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982bufio.Writer，\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662fio.Writer\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0，\u66f4\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e！\u8fd9\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u989d\u5916\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                            \u6765\u6e90\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb
                                                            \n\u4e8c HTTP \u6982\u8ff0
                                                            \n2.1 \u6982\u8ff0
                                                            \nhttp\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684payload\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5934\u90e8\u5305\u542bURL\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u7801，\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u5217\u8868\u3002
                                                            \n2.2 \u793a\u4f8b
                                                            \nnetcat\u547d\u4ee4
                                                            \nnc baidu.com 80nc（netcat）\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684 TCP \u8fde\u63a5，\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165
                                                            \n111 ~ % nc example.com 80
                                                            \nGET \/ HTTP\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":62478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[186,43],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-62490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-node-js","tag-43"],"yoast_head":"\n\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js \u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/62490.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js \u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668 - 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