\u4f60\u60f3\u641e\u61c2 TypeScript \u4e2d\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5b83\u548c TypeScript \u7c7b\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5173\u8054，\u4ee5\u53ca\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91，\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u628a\u300c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u300d\u8bb2\u900f，\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u8d34\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
TypeScript \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u7ed3\u6784\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u300d(Structural Subtyping) \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf，\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u540d\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u300d(Nominal Typing)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u53ea\u9e1f\u8d70\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u9e2d\u5b50\u3001\u6e38\u6cf3\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u9e2d\u5b50\u3001\u53eb\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u50cf\u9e2d\u5b50，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u53ea\u9e1f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9e2d\u5b50\u3002\u6620\u5c04\u5230 TypeScript \u4e2d：\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u300c\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b，\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2728 \u91cd\u8981\u5173\u8054：\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u300c\u7ed3\u6784\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u300d\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3，TypeScript \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u89c4\u5219，\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u843d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u662f TypeScript \u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u300c\u57fa\u77f3\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5b83\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4f53\u73b0\u5728 5 \u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ef4\u5ea6，\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef，\u4e5f\u662f TypeScript \u80fd\u517c\u987e\u300c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5f00\u53d1\u7075\u6d3b\u300d\u7684\u5173\u952e：<\/p>\n
TypeScript \u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u540c\u300d\u5c31\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9，\u53ea\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u81f4，\u5c31\u80fd\u65e0\u7f1d\u590d\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5b8c\u7f8e\u9002\u914d JavaScript \u5929\u751f\u7684\u300c\u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5f31\u7c7b\u578b\u300d\u7279\u6027，\u8ba9 TypeScript \u6210\u4e3a JS \u7684\u8d85\u96c6\u800c\u975e\u300c\u67b7\u9501\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
typescript<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6848\u4f8b：\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u81f4，\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9
\ntype Duck = { name: string; quack(): void };
\ntype Goose = { name: string; quack(): void };<\/p>\n
const duck: Duck = { name: "\u5510\u8001\u9e2d", quack: () => console.log("\u560e\u560e\u560e") };
\nconst goose: Goose = duck; \/\/ \u2705 \u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9，\u65e0\u62a5\u9519，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c，\u4e5f\u662f TypeScript \u7c7b\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b A \u62e5\u6709 \u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b B \u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u300c\u5168\u90e8\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d，\u90a3\u4e48 A \u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9 B（A \u662f B \u7684\u8d85\u96c6）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4：\u591a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 \/ \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u517c\u5bb9\u6027，\u300c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u300c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u5197\u4f59\u300d\u7684\u75db\u70b9，\u4e0d\u7528\u4e3a\u4e86\u5339\u914d\u7c7b\u578b\u523b\u610f\u5220\u51cf\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
typescript<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6848\u4f8b：\u8d85\u96c6\u517c\u5bb9 – \u7ecf\u5178\u573a\u666f
\ntype User = { name: string; age: number };
\n\/\/ Admin \u662f User \u7684\u8d85\u96c6：\u62e5\u6709 User \u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027 + \u989d\u5916\u7684 role \u5c5e\u6027
\ntype Admin = { name: string; age: number; role: string };<\/p>\n
const admin: Admin = { name: "\u5f20\u4e09", age: 28, role: "\u7ba1\u7406\u5458" };
\nconst user: User = admin; \/\/ \u2705 \u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9，\u65e0\u62a5\u9519<\/p>\n
JavaScript \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00，\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u300c\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u300d\u300c\u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u300d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u53c2 \/ \u8d4b\u503c，\u800c\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5929\u7136\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5：\u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u5339\u914d，\u5c31\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5f53\u4f5c\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u7528，\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b，\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u662f TypeScript \u5bf9 JS \u751f\u6001\u300c\u96f6\u4fb5\u5165\u300d\u7684\u5173\u952e，\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u89c9\u5f97 TS \u4e0a\u624b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
typescript<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6848\u4f8b：\u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf，\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e
\ntype Person = { id: number; name: string };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed3\u6784\u5339\u914d Person，\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c \u2705
\nconst p1: Person = { id: 1, name: "\u674e\u56db" };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u7406，\u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u53c2 \u2705
\nfunction printPerson(p: Person) { console.log(p.name) }
\nprintPerson({ id: 2, name: "\u738b\u4e94" });<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b（\u7528\u540d\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b），\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u505a\u300c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u300d\u300c\u7ee7\u627f\u58f0\u660e\u300d\u624d\u80fd\u590d\u7528\u903b\u8f91，\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u81c3\u80bf\u4e14\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u300c\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48（\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c5e\u6027 \/ \u65b9\u6cd5）\u300d，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u300d，\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u62bd\u8c61，\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u8026\u3001\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01，\u590d\u7528\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n
typescript<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6848\u4f8b：\u57fa\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u62bd\u8c61，\u65e0\u9700\u7ee7\u627f，\u53ea\u8981\u6709 fly \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u98de
\ntype Flyable = { fly(): void };<\/p>\n
class Bird { fly() { console.log("\u9e1f\u98de") } }
\nclass Plane { fly() { console.log("\u98de\u673a\u98de") } }
\nclass Superman { fly() { console.log("\u8d85\u4eba\u98de") } }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，\u53ea\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u6ee1\u8db3 Flyable \u7ed3\u6784，\u5c31\u80fd\u6267\u884c
\nfunction letItFly(item: Flyable) { item.fly() }<\/p>\n
letItFly(new Bird()); \/\/ \u2705
\nletItFly(new Plane()); \/\/ \u2705
\nletItFly(new Superman()); \/\/ \u2705<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，Bird\/Plane\/Superman \u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb，\u53ea\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684 fly \u65b9\u6cd5，\u5c31\u80fd\u88ab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406 \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u300c\u4f18\u96c5\u89e3\u8026\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3：\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u8fd9\u4e48\u7075\u6d3b，\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168？\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002TypeScript \u7684\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u300c\u5e26\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u300d：\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u4f20\u53c2\u3001\u62bd\u8c61，\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u7f3a\u5c11\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u300c\u5fc5\u8981\u5c5e\u6027 \/ \u65b9\u6cd5\u300d，\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u629b\u51fa\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef，\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u969c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n
typescript<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6848\u4f8b：\u7f3a\u5c11\u5fc5\u8981\u5c5e\u6027，\u7acb\u523b\u62a5\u9519 \u274c \u4fdd\u969c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168
\ntype Student = { id: number; name: string; grade: string };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u274c \u62a5\u9519：Property 'grade' is missing in type …
\nconst s1: Student = { id: 100, name: "\u8d75\u516d" };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u274c \u62a5\u9519：Argument of type … is missing the following property: grade
\nfunction printStudent(s: Student) {}
\nprintStudent({ id: 101, name: "\u94b1\u4e03" });<\/p>\n
\u2705 \u7ed3\u8bba：\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u300c\u7075\u6d3b\u300d，\u662f\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u7684\u7075\u6d3b \u2014\u2014 \u65e2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u7eaf JS \u90a3\u6837\u65e0\u7ea6\u675f，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u540d\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u90a3\u6837\u6b7b\u677f，\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5e73\u8861\u4e86\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6548\u7387\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c4\u5219\u5f88\u7b80\u5355，\u4f46\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u573a\u666f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u7262\u8bb0，\u907f\u514d\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u8e29\u5751，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f TypeScript \u7c7b\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u300c\u8fb9\u754c\u7ec6\u8282\u300d：<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u7684\u70b9：\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u300c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u300d\u4f1a\u88ab\u505a\u4e25\u683c\u6821\u9a8c，\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u300c\u591a\u4f59\u5c5e\u6027\u300d，\u4f46\u300c\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u300d\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u7684\u300c\u8d85\u96c6\u517c\u5bb9\u300d\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe，\u5b9e\u5219\u662f TypeScript \u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236：\u9632\u6b62\u4f60\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5199\u9519\u5c5e\u6027\u540d（\u6bd4\u5982\u628a name \u5199\u6210 naem）\u3002<\/p>\n
typescript<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
type Car = { brand: string; price: number };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u2705 \u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u591a\u4f59\u5c5e\u6027（\u8d85\u96c6\u517c\u5bb9）
\nconst myCar = { brand: "\u7279\u65af\u62c9", price: 30, color: "\u767d\u8272" };
\nconst car1: Car = myCar;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u274c \u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b57\u9762\u91cf，\u4e25\u683c\u6821\u9a8c，\u591a\u4f59\u5c5e\u6027\u62a5\u9519
\nconst car2: Car = { brand: "\u6bd4\u4e9a\u8fea", price: 20, color: "\u7070\u8272" };
\n\/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a：Object literal may only specify known properties…<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u274c \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b57\u9762\u91cf，\u540c\u6837\u4e25\u683c\u6821\u9a8c
\nfunction showCar(c: Car) {}
\nshowCar({ brand: "\u5b9d\u9a6c", price: 50, color: "\u9ed1\u8272" }); \/\/ \u62a5\u9519<\/p>\n
\u2705 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u591a\u4f59\u5c5e\u6027，\u5148\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u518d\u4f20\u53c2\u5373\u53ef，\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 myCar \u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u300c\u5bf9\u8c61 \/ \u63a5\u53e3\u300d\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u89c4\u5219\u5f88\u7b80\u5355（\u8d85\u96c6\u517c\u5bb9），\u4f46\u5bf9\u300c\u51fd\u6570\u300d\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u89c4\u5219\u6709\u5dee\u5f02，\u6838\u5fc3\u603b\u7ed3：<\/p>\n
typescript<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6848\u4f8b：\u51fd\u6570\u517c\u5bb9\u6027
\ntype Animal = { name: string };
\ntype Dog = { name: string; bark(): void }; \/\/ Dog \u662f Animal \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6e90\u51fd\u6570：\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u4e25（Dog），\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u66f4\u5177\u4f53（Dog）
\nconst fn1 = (d: Dog): Dog => ({ name: "\u65fa\u8d22", bark: () => {} });
\n\/\/ \u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570：\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u677e（Animal），\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u66f4\u5bbd\u6cdb（Animal）
\nconst fn2: (a: Animal) => Animal = fn1; \/\/ \u2705 \u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9<\/p>\n
\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u662f TypeScript \u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00，\u7406\u89e3\u5b83，\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u61c2 TypeScript \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\u89c4\u5219，\u544a\u522b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u300c\u7c7b\u578b\u62a5\u9519\u641e\u4e0d\u61c2\u300d\u7684\u95ee\u9898 \u2714\ufe0f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4f60\u60f3\u641e\u61c2 TypeScript \u4e2d\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5b83\u548c TypeScript \u7c7b\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5173\u8054，\u4ee5\u53ca\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91，\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u628a\u300c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u300d\u8bb2\u900f，\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u8d34\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u660e\u786e\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4e49\u2705 TypeScript \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u6838\u5fc3\u89c4\u5219TypeScript \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u7ed3\u6784\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u300d(Structural Subtyping) \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf，\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u540d\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u300d(Nominal Typing)\u3002\u540d\u4e49\u7c7b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[568],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-61824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-typescript"],"yoast_head":"\n