\u597d\u7684，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8eC++\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9e\u8df5\u2014\u2014RAII\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5357，\u7279\u522b\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3C++（C++11\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e）\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u548cC++ Core Guidelines\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u9501\u7b49）\u662f\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u6613\u9519\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f（\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e）\u548c\u65e0\u6548\u8bbf\u95ee（\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u4f7f\u7528）\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u3002RAII（Resource Acquisition Is Initialization）\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u3002<\/p>\n
class FileHandle {
\npublic:
\n explicit FileHandle(const std::string& filename, const char* mode)
\n : handle_(std::fopen(filename.c_str(), mode)) {
\n if (!handle_) {
\n throw std::runtime_error("Failed to open file");
\n }
\n }
\n ~FileHandle() {
\n if (handle_) {
\n std::fclose(handle_);
\n }
\n }
\n \/\/ \u7981\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d（\u89c1\u540e\u9762\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u90e8\u5206）
\n FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
\n FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;
\n \/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49（\u89c1\u540e\u9762\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u90e8\u5206）
\n FileHandle(FileHandle&& other) noexcept : handle_(other.handle_) {
\n other.handle_ = nullptr;
\n }
\n FileHandle& operator=(FileHandle&& other) noexcept {
\n if (this != &other) {
\n if (handle_) std::fclose(handle_);
\n handle_ = other.handle_;
\n other.handle_ = nullptr;
\n }
\n return *this;
\n }
\n \/\/ \u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u63a5\u53e3（\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528）
\n FILE* get() const { return handle_; }
\nprivate:
\n FILE* handle_ = nullptr;
\n};<\/p>\n
void useFile() {
\n FileHandle f("data.txt", "r"); \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 f.get() \u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c…
\n \/\/ \u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6，f\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6，\u5373\u4f7f\u4e2d\u9014\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002
\n}<\/p>\n
\u624b\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528new\u548cdelete\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406（RAII\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528）\u3002<\/p>\n
std::unique_ptr<T> (\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6307\u9488)<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de unique_ptr
\nstd::unique_ptr<MyClass> createObject() {
\n return std::make_unique<MyClass>(\/* args *\/);
\n}<\/p>\n
void example() {
\n auto ptr = std::make_unique<int>(42); \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a int
\n \/\/ … \u4f7f\u7528 ptr
\n \/\/ \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df，ptr \u88ab\u9500\u6bc1，\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406\u7684 int \u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664
\n \/\/ \u4e0d\u80fd\u62f7\u8d1d unique_ptr
\n \/\/ auto ptr2 = ptr; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef！
\n auto ptr3 = std::move(ptr); \/\/ \u6b63\u786e：\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9 ptr3, ptr \u53d8\u4e3a\u7a7a
\n}<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
std::shared_ptr<T> (\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6307\u9488)<\/p>\n
class Node;
\nusing NodePtr = std::shared_ptr<Node>;
\nclass Node {
\npublic:
\n std::vector<NodePtr> children;
\n NodePtr parent; \/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528！\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 weak_ptr
\n \/\/ …
\n};<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
std::weak_ptr<T> (\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u9488)<\/p>\n
class Node {
\npublic:
\n std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Node>> children;
\n std::weak_ptr<Node> parent; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 weak_ptr \u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528
\n \/\/ …
\n std::shared_ptr<Node> getParent() const {
\n return parent.lock(); \/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6 shared_ptr
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e9bRAII\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8C++\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027，\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u65e0\u6548\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u964d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u597d\u7684，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8eC\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9e\u8df5\u2014\u2014RAII\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5357，\u7279\u522b\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3C（C11\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e）\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u548cC Core Guidelines\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002C\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec8\u6781\u6307\u5357：RAII\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5728C\u4e2d，\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u9501\u7b49）\u662f\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u6613\u9519\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f（\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e）\u548c\u65e0\u6548\u8bbf\u95ee（\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u4f7f\u7528&#x<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[99,426,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-61170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-java","tag-jvm","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"\n