Python \u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5，\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757 \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u540c \u201c\u9884\u5236\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d，\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u7ed8\u5236\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u9700\u6c42，\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\u3002\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126 9 \u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Python \u6a21\u5757（random\u3001keyword\u3001calendar\u3001string\u3001datetime\u3001csv\u3001json\u3001pickle\u3001turtle），\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u6a21\u5757\u5b9a\u4f4d + \u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5 + \u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u201d \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f，\u8ba9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3001\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u5e8f\u5217，\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62bd\u6837\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
import random<\/p>\n
# 1. random()：\u751f\u62100~1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570（\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00）
\nprint(random.random()) # \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：0.789456123<\/p>\n
# 2. randint(a, b)：\u751f\u6210[a, b]\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6574\u6570（\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u7aef）
\nprint(random.randint(1, 10)) # \u8f93\u51fa1~10\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/p>\n
# 3. choice(seq)：\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20
\nfruits = ["\u82f9\u679c", "\u9999\u8549", "\u6a59\u5b50"]
\nprint(random.choice(fruits)) # \u968f\u673a\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u679c<\/p>\n
# 4. shuffle(seq)：\u6253\u4e71\u5e8f\u5217（\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539）
\nnums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
\nrandom.shuffle(nums)
\nprint(nums) # \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：[3, 1, 5, 2, 4]<\/p>\n
# 5. sample(seq, k)：\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6k\u4e2a\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20
\nprint(random.sample(nums, 2)) # \u4ecenums\u4e2d\u90092\u4e2a\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20，\u793a\u4f8b：[5, 1]<\/p>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b Python \u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5217\u8868\u3001\u6821\u9a8c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u907f\u514d\u53d8\u91cf\u540d \/ \u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n
import keyword<\/p>\n
# 1. kwlist：\u83b7\u53d6Python\u6240\u6709\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5217\u8868
\nprint(keyword.kwlist) # \u8f93\u51fa：['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', …]<\/p>\n
# 2. iskeyword(s)：\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u4e3aPython\u5173\u952e\u5b57
\nprint(keyword.iskeyword("if")) # \u8f93\u51fa：True
\nprint(keyword.iskeyword("hello")) # \u8f93\u51fa：False<\/p>\n
# \u5b9e\u6218：\u6821\u9a8c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5（\u907f\u514d\u5173\u952e\u5b57）
\ndef check_var_name(name):
\n if keyword.iskeyword(name):
\n return f"\u9519\u8bef：{name}\u662fPython\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d"
\n else:
\n return f"\u5408\u6cd5：{name}\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d"<\/p>\n
print(check_var_name("for")) # \u8f93\u51fa：\u9519\u8bef：for\u662fPython\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d
\nprint(check_var_name("user_name")) # \u8f93\u51fa：\u5408\u6cd5：user_name\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e5\u5386\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u751f\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u95f0\u5e74\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u6708\u5929\u6570\u7b49，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u671f\u89c4\u5212\u7c7b\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n
import calendar<\/p>\n
# 1. isleap(year)：\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u95f0\u5e74
\nprint(calendar.isleap(2024)) # 2024\u662f\u95f0\u5e74，\u8f93\u51fa：True
\nprint(calendar.isleap(2025)) # \u8f93\u51fa：False<\/p>\n
# 2. monthrange(year, month)：\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u6708\u7684\u201c\u661f\u671f\u51e0\u5f00\u59cb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5929\u6570\u201d
\n# \u6ce8：\u661f\u671f\u51e0\u75280（\u5468\u4e00）~6（\u5468\u65e5）\u8868\u793a（\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5dee\u5f02，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5468\u4e00\u4e3a0）
\nweek_start, day_count = calendar.monthrange(2024, 2)
\nprint(f"2024\u5e742\u6708\u4ece\u661f\u671f{week_start+1}\u5f00\u59cb，\u5171{day_count}\u5929") # \u8f93\u51fa：2024\u5e742\u6708\u4ece\u661f\u671f\u56db\u5f00\u59cb，\u517129\u5929<\/p>\n
# 3. month(year, month)：\u751f\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\nprint(calendar.month(2024, 2)) # \u8f93\u51fa2024\u5e742\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u8868\u683c<\/p>\n
# 4. prcal(year)：\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u5370\u5168\u5e74\u65e5\u5386
\ncalendar.prcal(2024) # \u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u8f93\u51fa2024\u5e74\u5b8c\u6574\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5982\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u5e38\u91cf，\u7b80\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n
import string<\/p>\n
# 1. \u5e38\u7528\u5e38\u91cf：\u5feb\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u9884\u8bbe\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6
\nprint(string.ascii_letters) # \u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd：abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
\nprint(string.digits) # \u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57：0123456789
\nprint(string.punctuation) # \u6240\u6709\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7：!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;':",.\/<>?<\/p>\n
# 2. \u5b9e\u6218：\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801（6\u4f4d，\u5b57\u6bcd+\u6570\u5b57）
\nimport random
\ndef generate_verify_code(length=6):
\n # \u62fc\u63a5\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u6c60
\n char_pool = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
\n # \u968f\u673a\u9009length\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5e76\u62fc\u63a5
\n code = ''.join(random.choice(char_pool) for _ in range(length))
\n return code<\/p>\n
print(generate_verify_code()) # \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：8k9G7s<\/p>\n
\u66ff\u4ee3 Python \u5185\u7f6e\u7684 time \u6a21\u5757，\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5，\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362，\u662f\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n
from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta<\/p>\n
# 1. \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4
\nnow = datetime.now()
\nprint(now) # \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：2026-01-16 15:30:20.123456
\ntoday = date.today()
\nprint(today) # \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：2026-01-16<\/p>\n
# 2. \u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f\u5316（strftime）
\nprint(now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) # \u8f93\u51fa：2026-01-16 15:30:20
\nprint(now.strftime("%Y\u5e74%m\u6708%d\u65e5")) # \u8f93\u51fa：2026\u5e7401\u670816\u65e5<\/p>\n
# 3. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4（strptime）
\ndate_str = "2024-08-01"
\ndate_obj = datetime.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d")
\nprint(date_obj) # \u8f93\u51fa：2024-08-01 00:00:00<\/p>\n
# 4. \u65e5\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97（timedelta）
\n# \u83b7\u53d67\u5929\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u671f
\nnext_week = today + timedelta(days=7)
\nprint(next_week) # \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：2026-01-23
\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u5dee\u503c
\ndelta = next_week – today
\nprint(delta.days) # \u8f93\u51fa：7<\/p>\n
\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406 CSV（\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c）\u6587\u4ef6，\u652f\u6301\u884c\u7ea7\u8bfb\u5199，\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5165\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177（\u65e0\u9700\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93）\u3002<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\n
# \u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907
\nheader = ["\u59d3\u540d", "\u5e74\u9f84", "\u57ce\u5e02"]
\nrows = [
\n ["\u5f20\u4e09", 18, "\u5317\u4eac"],
\n ["\u674e\u56db", 20, "\u4e0a\u6d77"],
\n ["\u738b\u4e94", 19, "\u5e7f\u5dde"]
\n]<\/p>\n
# \u5199\u5165CSV
\nwith open("students.csv", "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as f:
\n # \u521b\u5efa\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61
\n writer = csv.writer(f)
\n # \u5199\u5165\u8868\u5934
\n writer.writerow(header)
\n # \u5199\u5165\u591a\u884c\u6570\u636e
\n writer.writerows(rows)<\/p>\n
2. \u8bfb\u53d6 CSV \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\n
# \u8bfb\u53d6CSV
\nwith open("students.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
\n # \u521b\u5efa\u8bfb\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61
\n reader = csv.reader(f)
\n # \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c
\n for row in reader:
\n print(row) # \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：['\u59d3\u540d', '\u5e74\u9f84', '\u57ce\u5e02']\u3001['\u5f20\u4e09', '18', '\u5317\u4eac']…<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u4fbf\u6377：\u6309\u5b57\u5178\u683c\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6（\u8868\u5934\u4e3a\u952e）
\nwith open("students.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
\n dict_reader = csv.DictReader(f)
\n for row in dict_reader:
\n print(f"\u59d3\u540d：{row['\u59d3\u540d']}，\u5e74\u9f84：{row['\u5e74\u9f84']}")<\/p>\n
\u7528\u4e8e JSON \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0e Python \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b（dict\u3001list \u7b49）\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362，\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
# 1. Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6cJSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（dumps）
\ndata = {
\n "name": "\u8d75\u516d",
\n "age": 22,
\n "hobbies": ["\u7bee\u7403", "\u7f16\u7a0b"],
\n "is_student": True
\n}
\n# ensure_ascii=False：\u4fdd\u7559\u4e2d\u6587；indent=4：\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa
\njson_str = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
\nprint(json_str)
\n# \u8f93\u51fa：
\n# {
\n# "name": "\u8d75\u516d",
\n# "age": 22,
\n# "hobbies": ["\u7bee\u7403", "\u7f16\u7a0b"],
\n# "is_student": true
\n# }<\/p>\n
# 2. JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6cPython\u5bf9\u8c61（loads）
\nnew_data = json.loads(json_str)
\nprint(new_data["hobbies"][0]) # \u8f93\u51fa：\u7bee\u7403<\/p>\n
# 3. \u8bfb\u5199JSON\u6587\u4ef6
\n# \u5199\u5165
\nwith open("user.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
\n json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)<\/p>\n
# \u8bfb\u53d6
\nwith open("user.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
\n load_data = json.load(f)
\nprint(load_data["name"]) # \u8f93\u51fa：\u8d75\u516d<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0 Python \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316（\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236）\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316（\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61），\u53ef\u4fdd\u5b58\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61（\u4ec5 Python \u53ef\u7528）\u3002<\/p>\n
import pickle<\/p>\n
# 1. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316：Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6
\ndata = {
\n "scores": [90, 85, 95],
\n "info": {"class": "\u4e00\u73ed", "teacher": "\u674e\u8001\u5e08"}
\n}<\/p>\n
# \u5199\u5165\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6（\u540e\u7f00\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a.pkl）
\nwith open("data.pkl", "wb") as f:
\n pickle.dump(data, f)<\/p>\n
# 2. \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316：\u4ece\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6062\u590dPython\u5bf9\u8c61
\nwith open("data.pkl", "rb") as f:
\n loaded_data = pickle.load(f)<\/p>\n
print(loaded_data["scores"]) # \u8f93\u51fa：[90, 85, 95]
\nprint(loaded_data["info"]["teacher"]) # \u8f93\u51fa：\u674e\u8001\u5e08<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f：pickle \u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e Python \u73af\u5883，\u4e14\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u672a\u77e5\u6765\u6e90\u7684.pkl \u6587\u4ef6（\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669）\u3002<\/p>\n
Python \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7ed8\u56fe\u5e93（\u57fa\u4e8e Tkinter），\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236 \u201c\u6d77\u9f9f\u201d \u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u5f62，\u9002\u5408\u5165\u95e8\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3001\u8da3\u5473\u7f16\u7a0b\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n
import turtle<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u7ed8\u56fe\u7a97\u53e3
\nwindow = turtle.Screen()
\nwindow.title("\u7ed8\u5236\u4e94\u89d2\u661f")
\n# \u521b\u5efa\u6d77\u9f9f\u5bf9\u8c61
\nt = turtle.Turtle()
\nt.speed(2) # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ed8\u5236\u901f\u5ea6（1\u6700\u6162，10\u6700\u5feb）
\nt.color("red", "yellow") # \u753b\u7b14\u989c\u8272\u7ea2\u8272，\u586b\u5145\u989c\u8272\u9ec4\u8272<\/p>\n
# \u5f00\u59cb\u586b\u5145
\nt.begin_fill()
\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u4e94\u89d2\u661f（\u5faa\u73af5\u6b21，\u6bcf\u6b21\u524d\u8fdb100，\u53f3\u8f6c144\u5ea6）
\nfor _ in range(5):
\n t.forward(100)
\n t.right(144)
\n# \u7ed3\u675f\u586b\u5145
\nt.end_fill()<\/p>\n
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Python \u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5，\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757 \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u540c \u201c\u9884\u5236\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d，\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u7ed8\u5236\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u9700\u6c42，\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\u3002\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126 9 \u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Python \u6a21\u5757（random\u3001keyword\u3001calendar\u3001string\u3001datetime\u3001csv\u3001json\u3001pickle\u3001turtle），\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u6a21\u5757\u5b9a\u4f4d \u6838<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-60958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-python","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"\n