{"id":60580,"date":"2026-01-15T23:17:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T15:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/60580.html"},"modified":"2026-01-15T23:17:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T15:17:04","slug":"mongodb%e6%9d%83%e5%a8%81%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%88%b0%e7%b2%be%e9%80%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/60580.html","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u975e\u5e38\u8be6\u7ec6\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684MongoDB\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u6db5\u76d6MongoDB\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>MongoDB \u6743\u5a01\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u5357<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>MongoDB \u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5c40\u9650<\/li>\n<li>1.2 NoSQL \u7684\u5174\u8d77<\/li>\n<li>1.3 MongoDB \u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/li>\n<li>1.4 \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 \u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907<\/li>\n<li>2.2 \u5b89\u88c5 MongoDB (\u4ee5 Linux Ubuntu \u4e3a\u4f8b)<\/li>\n<li>2.3 \u542f\u52a8 MongoDB \u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>2.4 \u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e (mongod.conf)<\/li>\n<li>2.5 \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 MongoDB (mongo shell)<\/li>\n<li>2.6 \u90e8\u7f72\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u5355\u673a\u3001\u526f\u672c\u96c6\u3001\u5206\u7247\u96c6\u7fa4\u7b80\u4ecb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 BSON \u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>3.2 \u6587\u6863 (Document)<\/li>\n<li>3.3 \u96c6\u5408 (Collection)<\/li>\n<li>3.4 \u6570\u636e\u5e93 (Database)<\/li>\n<li>3.5 \u52a8\u6001 Schema<\/li>\n<li>3.6 _id \u4e3b\u952e<\/li>\n<li>3.7 \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b (\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u652f\u6301)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4.1 \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406 (\u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236 &#8211; RBAC)<\/li>\n<li>4.2 \u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d (mongodump, mongorestore)<\/li>\n<li>4.3 \u5bfc\u5165\u4e0e\u5bfc\u51fa (mongoimport, mongoexport)<\/li>\n<li>4.4 \u5347\u7ea7 MongoDB \u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<li>4.5 \u65e5\u5e38\u7ef4\u62a4\u4efb\u52a1 (\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u7b49)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5.1 MongoDB \u539f\u751f\u5de5\u5177\n<ul>\n<li>5.1.1 db.serverStatus()<\/li>\n<li>5.1.2 db.collection.stats()<\/li>\n<li>5.1.3 db.currentOp()<\/li>\n<li>5.1.4 mongotop<\/li>\n<li>5.1.5 mongostat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>5.2 MongoDB Cloud Manager \/ Ops Manager<\/li>\n<li>5.3 \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177 (Prometheus + Grafana, Datadog \u7b49)<\/li>\n<li>5.4 \u5173\u952e\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u89e3\u8bfb (QPS, \u8fde\u63a5\u6570, \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528, \u78c1\u76d8 IO, \u590d\u5236\u5ef6\u8fdf, \u64cd\u4f5c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7b49)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>6.1 \u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\n<ul>\n<li>6.1.1 \u7d22\u5f15\u7c7b\u578b (\u5355\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u590d\u5408\u3001\u591a\u952e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u3001\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49)<\/li>\n<li>6.1.2 \u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5 (ESR\u539f\u5219, \u8986\u76d6\u67e5\u8be2, \u7d22\u5f15\u5927\u5c0f)<\/li>\n<li>6.1.3 \u4f7f\u7528 explain() \u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd<\/li>\n<li>6.1.4 \u7d22\u5f15\u7ba1\u7406 (createIndex, dropIndex, getIndexes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6.2 \u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\n<ul>\n<li>6.2.1 \u907f\u514d\u5168\u96c6\u5408\u626b\u63cf ($match \u524d\u7f6e)<\/li>\n<li>6.2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u6295\u5f71 (projection) \u9650\u5236\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n<li>6.2.3 \u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528 $where \u548c $exists<\/li>\n<li>6.2.4 \u5206\u9875\u4f18\u5316 (\u907f\u514d\u5927\u7684 skip)<\/li>\n<li>6.2.5 \u805a\u5408\u7ba1\u9053 (aggregate) \u4f18\u5316 (\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u9650\u5236)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6.3 \u5199\u5165\u4f18\u5316\n<ul>\n<li>6.3.1 \u6279\u91cf\u5199\u5165 (insertMany, bulkWrite)<\/li>\n<li>6.3.2 \u5199\u5165\u5173\u6ce8 (write concern) \u6743\u8861 (\u6027\u80fd vs \u6301\u4e45\u6027)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6.4 \u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f18\u5316\n<ul>\n<li>6.4.1 \u5185\u5d4c\u6587\u6863 vs \u5f15\u7528 (embedding vs referencing)<\/li>\n<li>6.4.2 \u9884\u805a\u5408 (\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e38\u7528\u503c)<\/li>\n<li>6.4.3 \u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6.5 \u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316\n<ul>\n<li>6.5.1 \u5185\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e (WiredTiger Cache)<\/li>\n<li>6.5.2 \u78c1\u76d8\u7c7b\u578b (SSD \u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350)<\/li>\n<li>6.5.3 \u7f51\u7edc\u4f18\u5316<\/li>\n<li>6.5.4 \u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>7.1 \u5185\u5bb9\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u53d1\u5e03 (CMS)<\/li>\n<li>7.2 \u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc (\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6599\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb)<\/li>\n<li>7.3 \u7269\u8054\u7f51 (IoT) (\u8bbe\u5907\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e)<\/li>\n<li>7.4 \u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790 (\u7ed3\u5408\u805a\u5408\u6846\u67b6)<\/li>\n<li>7.5 \u76ee\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf (\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5206\u7c7b)<\/li>\n<li>7.6 \u6e38\u620f (\u73a9\u5bb6\u6570\u636e\u3001\u72b6\u6001)<\/li>\n<li>7.7 \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f (\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3001JOIN\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u52a3\u52bf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>8.1 \u4f18\u52bf\n<ul>\n<li>\u7075\u6d3b\u7684 Schema (\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1)<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u6269\u5c55\u6027 (\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55)<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8bfb\u5199 (\u5c24\u5176\u8bfb)<\/li>\n<li>\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00 (CRUD, Aggregation, Geospatial)<\/li>\n<li>\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb (\u526f\u672c\u96c6)<\/li>\n<li>\u6613\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>8.2 \u52a3\u52bf\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u6587\u6863 ACID \u4e8b\u52a1 (4.0+ \u652f\u6301\u591a\u6587\u6863\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5f00\u9500)<\/li>\n<li>\u5360\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927 (BSON \u5f00\u9500\u3001\u7d22\u5f15)<\/li>\n<li>JOIN \u652f\u6301\u6709\u9650 (\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u6216 $lookup)<\/li>\n<li>\u590d\u6742 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8f6c\u6362\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u76f4\u89c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u4e0e\u4e91\u539f\u751f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>9.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bb9\u5668\u5316 MongoDB\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>9.2 Docker \u90e8\u7f72 MongoDB (\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b)<\/li>\n<li>9.3 Kubernetes \u90e8\u7f72 MongoDB\n<ul>\n<li>9.3.1 StatefulSet \u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/li>\n<li>9.3.2 \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8 (Persistent Volumes)<\/li>\n<li>9.3.3 \u526f\u672c\u96c6\u5728 K8s \u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u7f72<\/li>\n<li>9.3.4 \u5206\u7247\u96c6\u7fa4\u5728 K8s \u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u7f72 (\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8c28\u614e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>9.4 \u4f7f\u7528 Operator (\u5982 MongoDB Enterprise Kubernetes Operator, Community Operators)<\/li>\n<li>9.5 \u4e91\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1 (MongoDB Atlas, AWS DocumentDB, Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Spring Boot \u9879\u76ee\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>10.1 \u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56 (spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb)<\/li>\n<li>10.2 \u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5 (application.properties\/yml)<\/li>\n<li>10.3 \u4f7f\u7528 MongoTemplate\n<ul>\n<li>10.3.1 CRUD \u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>10.3.2 \u67e5\u8be2\u6784\u9020 (Query, Criteria)<\/li>\n<li>10.3.3 \u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>10.4 \u4f7f\u7528 MongoRepository (\u57fa\u4e8e Spring Data)\n<ul>\n<li>10.4.1 \u5b9a\u4e49 Repository \u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>10.4.2 \u6d3e\u751f\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>10.4.3 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2 (@Query \u6ce8\u89e3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>10.5 \u5b9e\u4f53\u6620\u5c04 (@Document, @Id, @Field)<\/li>\n<li>10.6 \u4e8b\u52a1\u652f\u6301 (@Transactional)<\/li>\n<li>10.7 \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>10.8 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u77e5\u8bc6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>11.1 \u805a\u5408\u6846\u67b6 (aggregate) \u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\n<ul>\n<li>11.1.1 \u5e38\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u9636\u6bb5 ($match, $project, $group, $sort, $lookup, $unwind, $facet)<\/li>\n<li>11.1.2 \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f ($sum, $avg, $push, $cond \u7b49)<\/li>\n<li>11.1.3 \u590d\u6742\u805a\u5408\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>11.2 \u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u67e5\u8be2 (2dsphere \u7d22\u5f15, $geoNear, $geometry)<\/li>\n<li>11.3 \u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22 (text \u7d22\u5f15, $text)<\/li>\n<li>11.4 Change Streams (\u53d8\u66f4\u6d41\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001)<\/li>\n<li>11.5 \u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa (TLS\/SSL, \u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8, \u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7)<\/li>\n<li>11.6 \u9a71\u52a8\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<hr>\n<p>1. MongoDB \u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f<\/p>\n<p>1.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5c40\u9650 \u5728 Web 2.0 \u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6fc0\u589e\uff08\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff08\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff09\u3001\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8feb\u5207\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08RDBMS\uff09\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728 Schema \u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.2 NoSQL \u7684\u5174\u8d77 \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3 RDBMS \u7684\u75db\u70b9\uff0cNoSQL\uff08Not Only SQL\uff09\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002NoSQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u4e00\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784 (Schema-less)\uff1a \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9002\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6613\u4e8e\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55 (Scale-out)\uff1a \u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u673a\u5668\u6765\u5206\u62c5\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u727a\u7272\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6362\u53d6\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027 (\u9075\u5faa CAP \u5b9a\u7406)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8 (Key-Value)\u3001\u6587\u6863\u5b58\u50a8 (Document)\u3001\u5217\u5b58\u50a8 (Column-Family)\u3001\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u5e93 (Graph)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.3 MongoDB \u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2007\u5e74\uff1a \u7531 Dwight Merriman, Eliot Horowitz \u548c Kevin Ryan \u521b\u7acb 10gen \u516c\u53f8\uff08\u540e\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a MongoDB Inc.\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2009\u5e74\uff1a \u53d1\u5e03 MongoDB 1.0\u3002\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6613\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a \u201cHumongous\u201d\uff08\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u5176\u5904\u7406\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u5c55\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f15\u5165\u590d\u5236\u96c6\uff08Replica Set\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u5165\u5206\u7247\uff08Sharding\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u5165\u805a\u5408\u6846\u67b6\uff08Aggregation Framework\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\uff08\u5982 WiredTiger\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u5165\u6587\u6863\u6821\u9a8c\uff08Document Validation\uff09\u589e\u5f3a Schema \u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u5165\u591a\u6587\u6863 ACID \u4e8b\u52a1\uff084.0+ \u7248\u672c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>MongoDB Atlas (\u4e91\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1) \u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.4 \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u6863\u6a21\u578b (Document Model)\uff1a \u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c JSON \u7684 BSON \u683c\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u5b50\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982 POJO\uff09\u3002 {<br \/>\n  \\&#8221;_id\\&#8221;: ObjectId(\\&#8221;5f8d5a3c7b1f77c7a4b6c123\\&#8221;),<br \/>\n  \\&#8221;name\\&#8221;: \\&#8221;Alice\\&#8221;,<br \/>\n  \\&#8221;age\\&#8221;: 30,<br \/>\n  \\&#8221;address\\&#8221;: {<br \/>\n    \\&#8221;street\\&#8221;: \\&#8221;123 Main St\\&#8221;,<br \/>\n    \\&#8221;city\\&#8221;: \\&#8221;Springfield\\&#8221;<br \/>\n  },<br \/>\n  \\&#8221;hobbies\\&#8221;: [\\&#8221;reading\\&#8221;, \\&#8221;hiking\\&#8221;]<br \/>\n}\n <\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff1a \u5229\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f B-Tree \u53d8\u79cd\uff09\u3001WiredTiger \u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u6587\u6863\u7ea7\u9501\uff09\u7b49\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\uff1a \u901a\u8fc7\u526f\u672c\u96c6\uff08Replica Set\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u96c6\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\uff08\u901a\u5e38 3 \u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Primary\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5176\u4f59\u4e3a\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\uff08Secondary\uff09\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bfb\u53d6\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\uff1a \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u7247\uff08Sharding\uff09\u5c06\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\uff08\u5206\u7247\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u5206\u7247\u4f9d\u636e\u5206\u7247\u952e\uff08Shard Key\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u533a\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08Mongos\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8def\u7531\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5206\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1a \u52a8\u6001 Schema \u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u4e00\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u63a7\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>2. \u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72<\/p>\n<p>2.1 \u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a \u652f\u6301 Linux (\u5404\u79cd\u53d1\u884c\u7248)\u3001Windows\u3001macOS\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u63a8\u8350 Linux (\u5982 Ubuntu, CentOS\/RHEL)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786c\u4ef6\uff1a \u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58 (WiredTiger \u7f13\u5b58)\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u78c1\u76d8 (SSD \u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350)\u3001\u8db3\u591f\u7684 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a \u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5f00\u653e MongoDB \u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 27017\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.2 \u5b89\u88c5 MongoDB (\u4ee5 Linux Ubuntu \u4e3a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n<p># \u5bfc\u5165\u516c\u94a5<br \/>\nwget -qO &#8211; https:\/\/www.mongodb.org\/static\/pgp\/server-6.0.asc | sudo apt-key add &#8211;<br \/>\n# \u521b\u5efa\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u6587\u4ef6 (\u4ee5 Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy \u4e3a\u4f8b)<br \/>\necho \\&#8221;deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https:\/\/repo.mongodb.org\/apt\/ubuntu jammy\/mongodb-org\/6.0 multiverse\\&#8221; | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/mongodb-org-6.0.list<br \/>\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u5305\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\nsudo apt-get update<br \/>\n# \u5b89\u88c5 MongoDB \u5305<br \/>\nsudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org<\/p>\n<p>2.3 \u542f\u52a8 MongoDB \u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p># \u542f\u52a8 mongod \u670d\u52a1<br \/>\nsudo systemctl start mongod<br \/>\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<br \/>\nsudo systemctl enable mongod<br \/>\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\nsudo systemctl status mongod<\/p>\n<p>2.4 \u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e (mongod.conf) \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/mongod.conf\u3002\u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>systemLog:<br \/>\n  destination: file<br \/>\n  path: \/var\/log\/mongodb\/mongod.log # \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<br \/>\n  logAppend: true # \u65e5\u5fd7\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f<br \/>\nstorage:<br \/>\n  dbPath: \/var\/lib\/mongo # <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u975e\u5e38\u8be6\u7ec6\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684MongoDB\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u6db5\u76d6MongoDB\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 MongoDB \u6743\u5a01\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u5357<br \/>\n\u76ee\u5f55 MongoDB \u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f 1.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5c40\u9650 1.2 NoSQL \u7684\u5174\u8d77 1.3 MongoDB \u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55 1.4 \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5 \u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72 2.1 \u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907 2.2 \u5b89\u88c5 MongoDB (\u4ee5 Linux Ubuntu \u4e3a\u4f8b) 2.3 \u542f\u52a8 MongoDB \u670d\u52a1 2.4 \u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e (mongod.conf) 2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[99,187,733,2563,428],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-60580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-java","tag-javascript","tag-mongodb","tag-nosql","tag-428"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MongoDB\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/60580.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MongoDB\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u975e\u5e38\u8be6\u7ec6\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684MongoDB\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u6db5\u76d6MongoDB\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 MongoDB \u6743\u5a01\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u5357 \u76ee\u5f55 MongoDB \u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f 1.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5c40\u9650 1.2 NoSQL \u7684\u5174\u8d77 1.3 MongoDB \u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55 1.4 \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5 \u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72 2.1 \u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907 2.2 \u5b89\u88c5 MongoDB (\u4ee5 Linux Ubuntu \u4e3a\u4f8b) 2.3 \u542f\u52a8 MongoDB \u670d\u52a1 2.4 \u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e (mongod.conf) 2.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/60580.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-15T15:17:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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