{"id":60575,"date":"2026-01-15T22:35:14","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T14:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/60575.html"},"modified":"2026-01-15T22:35:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T14:35:14","slug":"rust-%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e5%8c%b9%e9%85%8d-%e5%a4%a7%e5%90%88%e9%9b%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/60575.html","title":{"rendered":"Rust \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d \u5927\u5408\u96c6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728 Rust \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d，\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6838\u5fc3\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad（\u5982 if-else\u3001switch），\u8fd8\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u89e3\u6784\u3001\u503c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u76f8\u6bd4，Rust \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u517c\u5177\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u529b，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u907f\u514d\u9057\u6f0f\u5206\u652f，\u4ece\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u4fdd\u969c\u903b\u8f91\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u201c\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53bb\u5339\u914d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u503c\u201d，\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u540e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u89e3\u6784\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406 Rust \u4e2d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e38\u89c1\u5f62\u5f0f，\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5\u5230\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7，\u7ed3\u5408\u8be6\u7ec6\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u9010\u4e00\u89e3\u6790，\u540c\u65f6\u8865\u5145\u62d3\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357，\u5e2e\u4f60\u5f7b\u5e95\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840：match \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

match \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f Rust \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u8f7d\u4f53，\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u652f\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f，\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e25\u8c28，\u8981\u6c42\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5（\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027），\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1 \u57fa\u7840\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u4e0e\u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u9762\u91cf（\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u7b49）\u6216\u5e38\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u503c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f：\u5339\u914d\u6574\u6570<\/span>
\n let<\/span> num =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> num {<\/span>
\n 1<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 1"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 2<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 2"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 3<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 3"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u901a\u914d\u7b26 _ \u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u672a\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f：\u4f7f\u7528 const \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n const<\/span> MAX<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> value =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> value {<\/span>
\n MAX<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> flag =<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> flag {<\/span>
\n true<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n false<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u5047"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u4ec5\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，\u65e0\u9700\u901a\u914d\u7b26<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u5f53\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u6709\u9650\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd（\u5982\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u3001\u679a\u4e3e）\u65f6，\u5fc5\u987b\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5，\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519；\u82e5\u7c7b\u578b\u53d6\u503c\u65e0\u9650（\u5982\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32），\u9700\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26_ \u515c\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 \u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u5339\u914d\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf，\u53ef\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u503c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0a，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u590d\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u9700\u6ce8\u610f：\u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5916\u90e8\u540c\u540d\u53d8\u91cf，\u82e5\u9700\u5f15\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u9700\u4f7f\u7528 @ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u6216\u9650\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> x =<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> y =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

match<\/span> y {<\/span>
\n x =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u503c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u53d8\u91cf x，x = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u6b64\u5904 x \u662f\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf，\u8986\u76d6\u5916\u90e8 x<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u65e0\u901a\u914d\u7b26，\u56e0 x \u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f，\u53ef\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f i32 \u503c，\u5df2\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 @ \u7ed1\u5b9a：\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u503c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u53d8\u91cf，\u540c\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>
\n let<\/span> num =<\/span> 7<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> num {<\/span>
\n n @<\/span> 1<\/span>..=<\/span>5<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 1-5 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570，n = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n n @<\/span> 6<\/span>..=<\/span>10<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 6-10 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570，n = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5f15\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf：\u901a\u8fc7\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6216\u663e\u5f0f\u6807\u6ce8<\/span>
\n let<\/span> target =<\/span> 8<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> num {<\/span>
\n _ if<\/span> num ==<\/span> target =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf target \u7684\u503c {}"<\/span>,<\/span> target)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u672a\u5339\u914d\u5230 target"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3 \u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e0e\u5ffd\u7565\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

\u901a\u914d\u7b26 _ \u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u201c\u4efb\u610f\u503c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u201d，\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u515c\u5e95\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u8fd8\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 .. \u5ffd\u7565\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u57fa\u7840\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u515c\u5e95<\/span>
\n let<\/span> str<\/span> =<\/span> "hello"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> str<\/span> {<\/span>
\n "rust"<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 Rust"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n "hello"<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 Hello"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u90e8\u5206\u5143\u7d20<\/span>
\n let<\/span> tuple =<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> tuple {<\/span>
\n (<\/span>a,<\/span> _,<\/span> c)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}，{}"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> c)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5（\u9700\u914d\u5408 ..）<\/span>
\n struct<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>
\n name:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>
\n age:<\/span> u32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n email:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n let<\/span> user =<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>
\n name:<\/span> "Alice"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n age:<\/span> 25<\/span>,<\/span>
\n email:<\/span> "alice@example.com"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> user {<\/span>
\n User<\/span> {<\/span> name,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u7528\u6237\u540d：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> name)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ .. \u5ffd\u7565 age \u548c email<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u590d\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h3>\n

Rust \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5bf9\u590d\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b（\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3001\u679a\u4e3e）\u6709\u6781\u4f73\u7684\u652f\u6301，\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6784\u6570\u636e\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784，\u7cbe\u51c6\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u5b57\u6bb5，\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1 \u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n

\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u89e3\u6784\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20，\u652f\u6301\u90e8\u5206\u5339\u914d\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e0e\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6784\u5143\u7ec4<\/span>
\n let<\/span> point =<\/span> (<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> point {<\/span>
\n (<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u539f\u70b9"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n (<\/span>x,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5728 x \u8f74\u4e0a，x = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n (<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> y)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5728 y \u8f74\u4e0a，y = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> y)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n (<\/span>x,<\/span> y)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u5185，\u5750\u6807 ({}, {})"<\/span>,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5d4c\u5957\u5143\u7ec4\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n let<\/span> nested_tuple =<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> nested_tuple {<\/span>
\n (<\/span>a,<\/span> (<\/span>b,<\/span> c)<\/span>,<\/span> d)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5d4c\u5957\u5143\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20：{}，{}，{}，{}"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> b,<\/span> c,<\/span> d)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8303\u56f4\u5339\u914d\u5143\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20<\/span>
\n let<\/span> score =<\/span> (<\/span>85<\/span>,<\/span> "Math"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> score {<\/span>
\n (<\/span>90<\/span>..=<\/span>100<\/span>,<\/span> subject)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u6210\u7ee9\u4f18\u79c0：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> subject,<\/span> score.0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n (<\/span>60<\/span>..=<\/span>89<\/span>,<\/span> subject)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u6210\u7ee9\u5408\u683c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> subject,<\/span> score.0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n (<\/span>_,<\/span> subject)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u6210\u7ee9\u4e0d\u5408\u683c"<\/span>,<\/span> subject)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u652f\u6301\u6309\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u89e3\u6784，\u53ef\u7075\u6d3b\u9009\u62e9\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5，\u5ffd\u7565\u65e0\u5173\u5b57\u6bb5，\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u89e3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u666e\u901a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/span>
\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\nstruct<\/span> Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span>
\n width:<\/span> u32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n height:<\/span> u32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/span>
\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\nstruct<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span>
\n x:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n y:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\nstruct<\/span> Circle<\/span> {<\/span>
\n center:<\/span> Point<\/span>,<\/span>
\n radius:<\/span> u32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u666e\u901a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6309\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n let<\/span> rect =<\/span> Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> width:<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> height:<\/span> 20<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> rect {<\/span>
\n Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> width:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> |<\/span> Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> height:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u77e9\u5f62\u8fb9\u957f\u4e3a 0，\u975e\u6cd5"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> width,<\/span> height }<\/span> if<\/span> width ==<\/span> height =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62，\u8fb9\u957f {}"<\/span>,<\/span> width)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> width,<\/span> height }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u957f\u65b9\u5f62，\u5bbd {}，\u9ad8 {}"<\/span>,<\/span> width,<\/span> height)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n let<\/span> circle =<\/span> Circle<\/span> {<\/span>
\n center:<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n radius:<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> circle {<\/span>
\n Circle<\/span> {<\/span> center:<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 0<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span> radius }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5706\u5fc3\u5728\u539f\u70b9，\u534a\u5f84 {}"<\/span>,<\/span> radius)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Circle<\/span> {<\/span> center:<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x,<\/span> y }<\/span>,<\/span> radius }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5706\u5fc3 ({}, {})，\u534a\u5f84 {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x,<\/span> y,<\/span> radius)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u522b\u540d<\/span>
\n match<\/span> circle {<\/span>
\n Circle<\/span> {<\/span> center:<\/span> c,<\/span> radius:<\/span> r }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5706\u5fc3 {:?}，\u534a\u5f84 {}"<\/span>,<\/span> c,<\/span> r)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3 \u679a\u4e3e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d（\u6838\u5fc3\u573a\u666f）<\/h4>\n

\u679a\u4e3e\u662f Rust \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00，\u7531\u4e8e\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e，\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u5339\u914d\u53d8\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u5e76\u89e3\u6784\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5904\u7406 Option\u3001Result \u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u679a\u4e3e（\u643a\u5e26\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e）<\/span>
\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\nenum<\/span> Message<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Quit<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u65e0\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u4f53<\/span>
\n Move<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> i32<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u4f53<\/span>
\n Write<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u5355\u503c\u53d8\u4f53<\/span>
\n ChangeColor<\/span>(<\/span>i32<\/span>,<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\/\/ \u5143\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u4f53<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5339\u914d\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u679a\u4e3e<\/span>
\n let<\/span> msg =<\/span> Message<\/span>::<\/span>ChangeColor<\/span>(<\/span>255<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> msg {<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Quit<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u9000\u51fa\u6d88\u606f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Move<\/span> {<\/span> x,<\/span> y }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 ({}, {})"<\/span>,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Write<\/span>(<\/span>content)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> content)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>ChangeColor<\/span>(<\/span>r,<\/span> g,<\/span> b)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4fee\u6539\u989c\u8272\u4e3a RGB({}, {}, {})"<\/span>,<\/span> r,<\/span> g,<\/span> b)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u6807\u51c6\u5e93 Option \u679a\u4e3e<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>42<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Option \u5305\u542b\u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Option \u4e3a\u7a7a"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u6807\u51c6\u5e93 Result \u679a\u4e3e<\/span>
\n let<\/span> result:<\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>i32<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>><\/span> =<\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> result {<\/span>
\n Ok<\/span>(<\/span>num)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f，\u7ed3\u679c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> num)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Err<\/span>(<\/span>err)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25，\u9519\u8bef：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> err)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5d4c\u5957\u679a\u4e3e\u5339\u914d（Option<Result>）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> nested:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>Result<\/span><<\/span>i32<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>>><\/span> =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>Ok<\/span>(<\/span>50<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> nested {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>Ok<\/span>(<\/span>num)<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5d4c\u5957\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> num)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>Err<\/span>(<\/span>err)<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5d4c\u5957\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> err)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5d4c\u5957\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d：if let \u4e0e while let<\/h3>\n

\u5f53\u4ec5\u9700\u5339\u914d\u5355\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f，\u65e0\u9700\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6，\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 if let（\u5355\u6b21\u5339\u914d）\u6216 while let（\u5faa\u73af\u5339\u914d）\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801，\u66ff\u4ee3\u5197\u957f\u7684 match \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1 if let \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

if let \u4ec5\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u903b\u8f91，\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u6267\u884c else \u90e8\u5206（\u53ef\u9009），\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5339\u914d Option \u5355\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>7<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span> =<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Option \u5305\u542b\u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Option \u4e3a\u7a7a"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5355\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>
\n struct<\/span> Product<\/span> {<\/span>
\n name:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>
\n price:<\/span> u32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n in_stock:<\/span> bool<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n let<\/span> product =<\/span> Product<\/span> {<\/span>
\n name:<\/span> "\u624b\u673a"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n price:<\/span> 3999<\/span>,<\/span>
\n in_stock:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Product<\/span> {<\/span> in_stock:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span> name,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> product {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5546\u54c1 {} \u6709\u8d27"<\/span>,<\/span> name)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5546\u54c1\u65e0\u8d27"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ if let \u4e0e\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>
\n let<\/span> num =<\/span> 6<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> n @<\/span> 1<\/span>..=<\/span>10<\/span> =<\/span> num,<\/span> n %<\/span> 2<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u662f 1-10 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5076\u6570"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2 while let \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

while let \u4ee5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6，\u53ea\u8981\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u5c31\u6301\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u4f53，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u4ece\u96c6\u5408\u6216\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u4ece Vec \u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6 Some \u503c，\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 None<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> values =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n while<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span> =<\/span> values.<\/span>pop<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n match<\/span> value {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>num)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> num)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u503c，\u505c\u6b62\u63d0\u53d6"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4ece\u6808\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5143\u7d20（\u6a21\u62df\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> stack =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n while<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>top)<\/span> =<\/span> stack.<\/span>pop<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> top)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> top ==<\/span> 2<\/span> {<\/span>
\n break<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9047\u5230 2 \u505c\u6b62\u5faa\u73af<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n

\u9664\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5\u5916，Rust \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u5339\u914d\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u8fdb\u9636\u7279\u6027，\u53ef\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f，\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01\u5ea6\u4e0e\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1 \u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6（Guard Clause）<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u5339\u914d\u5206\u652f\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 if \u6761\u4ef6，\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c，\u4ec5\u5f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e14\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6，\u624d\u6267\u884c\u5206\u652f\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>
\n let<\/span> num =<\/span> 15<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> num {<\/span>
\n n @<\/span> 1<\/span>..=<\/span>20<\/span> if<\/span> n %<\/span> 2<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u662f 1-20 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5076\u6570"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n n @<\/span> 1<\/span>..=<\/span>20<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u662f 1-20 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5947\u6570"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6570\u503c\u8d85\u51fa\u8303\u56f4"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u679a\u4e3e\u4e0e\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>n)<\/span> if<\/span> n ><\/span> 5<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u503c {} \u5927\u4e8e 5"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>n)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u503c {} \u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e 5"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u65e0\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>
\n struct<\/span> Student<\/span> {<\/span>
\n name:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>
\n score:<\/span> u32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n let<\/span> student =<\/span> Student<\/span> {<\/span>
\n name:<\/span> "Bob"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n score:<\/span> 88<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> student {<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name,<\/span> score }<\/span> if<\/span> score >=<\/span> 90<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u6210\u7ee9\u4f18\u79c0"<\/span>,<\/span> name)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name,<\/span> score }<\/span> if<\/span> score >=<\/span> 60<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u6210\u7ee9\u5408\u683c"<\/span>,<\/span> name)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{} \u6210\u7ee9\u4e0d\u5408\u683c"<\/span>,<\/span> name)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2 \u5d4c\u5957\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n

\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5d4c\u5957\u5c42\u7ea7\u8f83\u6df1（\u5982\u5d4c\u5957\u679a\u4e3e\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53）\u65f6，\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5957\u5339\u914d，\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u89e3\u6784\u591a\u5c42\u6570\u636e，\u907f\u514d\u5c42\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u679a\u4e3e<\/span>
\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\nenum<\/span> Level1<\/span> {<\/span>
\n A<\/span>(<\/span>Level2<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n B<\/span>(<\/span>i32<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\nenum<\/span> Level2<\/span> {<\/span>
\n C<\/span>(<\/span>Level3<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n D<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\nenum<\/span> Level3<\/span> {<\/span>
\n E<\/span>(<\/span>i32<\/span>,<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n F<\/span>(<\/span>bool<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5d4c\u5957\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n let<\/span> nested =<\/span> Level1<\/span>::<\/span>A<\/span>(<\/span>Level2<\/span>::<\/span>C<\/span>(<\/span>Level3<\/span>::<\/span>E<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> nested {<\/span>
\n Level1<\/span>::<\/span>A<\/span>(<\/span>Level2<\/span>::<\/span>C<\/span>(<\/span>Level3<\/span>::<\/span>E<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5d4c\u5957\u5339\u914d\u5230 E({}, {})"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> b)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Level1<\/span>::<\/span>A<\/span>(<\/span>Level2<\/span>::<\/span>D<\/span>(<\/span>s)<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5d4c\u5957\u5339\u914d\u5230 D: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Level1<\/span>::<\/span>B<\/span>(<\/span>n)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230 B: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u679a\u4e3e\u7ec4\u5408\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n struct<\/span> Wrapper<\/span> {<\/span>
\n inner:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>Result<\/span><<\/span>Point<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span>>><\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n let<\/span> wrapper =<\/span> Wrapper<\/span> {<\/span>
\n inner:<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>Ok<\/span>(<\/span>Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> wrapper {<\/span>
\n Wrapper<\/span> {<\/span> inner:<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>Ok<\/span>(<\/span>Point<\/span> {<\/span> x,<\/span> y }<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230\u70b9 ({}, {})"<\/span>,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Wrapper<\/span> {<\/span> inner:<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>Err<\/span>(<\/span>err)<\/span>)<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u9519\u8bef：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> err)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Wrapper<\/span> {<\/span> inner:<\/span> None<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5185\u90e8\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3 \u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f（Irrefutable Patterns）<\/h4>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u201c\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e let \u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d（\u5982 Some(x)），\u53ef\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25，\u4ec5\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e match\u3001if let \u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ let \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> (<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x,<\/span> y }<\/span> =<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 6<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> print_point<\/span>(<\/span>Point<\/span> {<\/span> x,<\/span> y }<\/span>:<\/span> Point<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u70b9\u5750\u6807：({}, {})"<\/span>,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n let<\/span> p =<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 8<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n print_point<\/span>(<\/span>p)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u4f20\u5165\u7684 Point \u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e let \u7ed1\u5b9a（\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519）<\/span>
\n \/\/ let Some(x) = Some(5); \/\/ \u9519\u8bef：Some(x) \u53ef\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25，\u9700\u7528 if let<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u89e3\u6784（\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73）<\/span>
\nfn<\/span> get_point<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 20<\/span> }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.4 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7ed3\u5408<\/h4>\n

\u5728 for \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d，\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6784\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5143\u7d20，\u7b80\u5316\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u5143\u7ec4\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668（\u5982 HashMap \u7684 iter() \u65b9\u6cd5）<\/span>
\n use<\/span> std::<\/span>collections::<\/span><\/span>HashMap<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> map =<\/span> HashMap<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n map.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>"a"<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n map.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>"b"<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n map.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>"c"<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>key,<\/span> value)<\/span> in<\/span> map {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u952e：{}，\u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> key,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u679a\u4e3e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/span>
\n let<\/span> options =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> opt in<\/span> options {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span> =<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5143\u7d20：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/span>
\n let<\/span> students =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name:<\/span> "Alice"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> score:<\/span> 92<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name:<\/span> "Bob"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> score:<\/span> 78<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n ]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> Student<\/span> {<\/span> name,<\/span> score }<\/span> in<\/span> students {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5b66\u751f {}，\u6210\u7ee9 {}"<\/span>,<\/span> name,<\/span> score)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.4 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7ed3\u5408<\/h4>\n

\u5728 for \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d，\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6784\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5143\u7d20，\u7b80\u5316\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u5143\u7ec4\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668（\u5982 HashMap \u7684 iter() \u65b9\u6cd5）<\/span>
\n use<\/span> std::<\/span>collections::<\/span><\/span>HashMap<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> map =<\/span> HashMap<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n map.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>"a"<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n map.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>"b"<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n map.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>"c"<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>key,<\/span> value)<\/span> in<\/span> map {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u952e：{}，\u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> key,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u679a\u4e3e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/span>
\n let<\/span> options =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> opt in<\/span> options {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span> =<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5143\u7d20：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/span>
\n let<\/span> students =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name:<\/span> "Alice"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> score:<\/span> 92<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name:<\/span> "Bob"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> score:<\/span> 78<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n ]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> Student<\/span> {<\/span> name,<\/span> score }<\/span> in<\/span> students {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5b66\u751f {}，\u6210\u7ee9 {}"<\/span>,<\/span> name,<\/span> score)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.5 \u5207\u7247\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

\u5207\u7247\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u5207\u7247\u7684\u7ed3\u6784，\u652f\u6301\u5339\u914d\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u524d\u7f00\/\u540e\u7f00\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e2d\u95f4\u90e8\u5206（\u901a\u8fc7 ..），\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5339\u914d\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u5207\u7247<\/span>
\n let<\/span> arr =<\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> &<\/span>arr[<\/span>..<\/span>]<\/span> {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u7ec4 [1,2,3,4]"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u7ec4"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u524d\u7f00+\u4efb\u610f\u540e\u7f00（.. \u8868\u793a\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> slice =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span>,<\/span> 40<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> slice {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>first,<\/span> second,<\/span> ..<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}，{}"<\/span>,<\/span> first,<\/span> second)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7a7a\u5207\u7247"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u540e\u7f00+\u4efb\u610f\u524d\u7f00<\/span>
\n match<\/span> slice {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>..<\/span>,<\/span> last]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> last)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7a7a\u5207\u7247"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20+\u56fa\u5b9a\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00<\/span>
\n let<\/span> nums =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> nums {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> ..<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4ee5 1 \u5f00\u5934\u30015 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5207\u7247"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u6761\u4ef6"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u5207\u7247\u6216\u5355\u5143\u7d20\u5207\u7247<\/span>
\n let<\/span> empty =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> single =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>6<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> s in<\/span> [<\/span>empty,<\/span> single,<\/span> slice]<\/span> {<\/span>
\n match<\/span> s {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7a7a\u5207\u7247"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>x]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5355\u5143\u7d20\u5207\u7247：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>x,<\/span> y,<\/span> ..<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u591a\u5143\u7d20\u5207\u7247，\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a：{}，{}"<\/span>,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.6 Or \u6a21\u5f0f（\u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ec4\u5408）<\/h4>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 | \u7ec4\u5408\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f，\u53ea\u8981\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f，\u5c31\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5206\u652f\u903b\u8f91\u3002Or \u6a21\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u81f4（\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf，\u4e14\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c；\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ed1\u5b9a）\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u57fa\u7840 Or \u6a21\u5f0f（\u65e0\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> num =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> num {<\/span>
\n 1<\/span> |<\/span> 3<\/span> |<\/span> 5<\/span> |<\/span> 7<\/span> |<\/span> 9<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5947\u6570（1\u30013\u30015\u30017\u30019）"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 2<\/span> |<\/span> 4<\/span> |<\/span> 6<\/span> |<\/span> 8<\/span> |<\/span> 10<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5076\u6570（2\u30014\u30016\u30018\u300110）"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u8d85\u51fa 1-10 \u8303\u56f4"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ Or \u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf（\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u9700\u7ed1\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u53d8\u91cf）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> |<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span> |<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>7<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d Some(3)\u3001Some(5) \u6216 Some(7)"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5176\u4ed6 Some \u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d None"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 Or \u6a21\u5f0f（\u4e4b\u524d\u793a\u4f8b\u8865\u5145，\u6b64\u5904\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb2\u89e3）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> rect1 =<\/span> Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> width:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> height:<\/span> 10<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> rect2 =<\/span> Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> width:<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> height:<\/span> 0<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> rect in<\/span> [<\/span>rect1,<\/span> rect2]<\/span> {<\/span>
\n match<\/span> rect {<\/span>
\n Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> width:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> |<\/span> Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span> height:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u975e\u6cd5\u77e9\u5f62（\u8fb9\u957f\u4e3a 0）"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5408\u6cd5\u77e9\u5f62"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u679a\u4e3e Or \u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> msg1 =<\/span> Message<\/span>::<\/span>Quit<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> msg2 =<\/span> Message<\/span>::<\/span>Write<\/span>(<\/span>"exit"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> msg in<\/span> [<\/span>msg1,<\/span> msg2]<\/span> {<\/span>
\n match<\/span> msg {<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Quit<\/span> |<\/span> Message<\/span>::<\/span>Write<\/span>(<\/span>"exit"<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u9000\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u6d88\u606f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Move<\/span> {<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u79fb\u52a8\u6d88\u606f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>ChangeColor<\/span>(<\/span>..<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u989c\u8272\u4fee\u6539\u6d88\u606f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u5199\u5165\u6d88\u606f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.7 Ref \u4e0e Mut Ref \u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 ref \u6216 ref mut，\u53ef\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u975e\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u3001\u4ec5\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u503c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e0e & \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u540c，ref \u662f\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528，\u800c\u975e\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u4f20\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ ref \u6a21\u5f0f：\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528，\u4e0d\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span>
\n let<\/span> name =<\/span> String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Alice"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> name {<\/span>
\n ref<\/span> s =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u83b7\u53d6 name \u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ s \u662f &String \u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"name \u4ecd\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> name)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6240\u6709\u6743\u672a\u8f6c\u79fb，\u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ ref mut \u6a21\u5f0f：\u83b7\u53d6\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528，\u9700\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u53d8<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> age =<\/span> 25<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> age {<\/span>
\n ref<\/span> mut<\/span> a =><\/span> {<\/span>
\n *<\/span>a +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u503c<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5e74\u9f84：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> a)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u539f age \u53d8\u91cf\u5df2\u88ab\u4fee\u6539：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> age)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u679a\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684 ref \u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> msg =<\/span> Message<\/span>::<\/span>Write<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello Rust"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> msg {<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Write<\/span>(<\/span>ref<\/span> content)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u5f15\u7528：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> content)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u82e5\u4e0d\u7528 ref，content \u4f1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743，msg \u540e\u7eed\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
\n \/\/ match msg { Message::Write(content) => … } \u540e，msg \u88ab\u6d88\u8017<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684 ref mut \u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> circle =<\/span> Circle<\/span> {<\/span>
\n center:<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n radius:<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> circle {<\/span>
\n Circle<\/span> {<\/span> ref<\/span> mut<\/span> center,<\/span> radius }<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
\n center.<\/span>x +=<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
\n center.<\/span>y +=<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u5706\u5fc3：({},{})，\u534a\u5f84：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> center.<\/span>x,<\/span> center.<\/span>y,<\/span> radius)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.8 \u95ed\u5305\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u53c2\u6570\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d，\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6784\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570，\u7b80\u5316\u95ed\u5305\u5185\u90e8\u903b\u8f91，\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u9002\u914d\u5668（\u5982map\u3001filter）\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u5143\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570<\/span>
\n let<\/span> tuples =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> "a"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> "b"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span> "c"<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mapped:<\/span> Vec<\/span><<\/span>_><\/span> =<\/span> tuples
\n .<\/span>into_iter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>(<\/span>num,<\/span> s)<\/span>|<\/span><\/span> format!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6570\u5b57：{}，\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> num,<\/span> s)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>collect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u89e3\u6784\u5143\u7ec4\u95ed\u5305\u7ed3\u679c：{:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> mapped)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u89e3\u6784\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53c2\u6570<\/span>
\n let<\/span> students =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name:<\/span> "Alice"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> score:<\/span> 92<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Student<\/span> {<\/span> name:<\/span> "Bob"<\/span>.<\/span>to_string<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> score:<\/span> 78<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n ]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> passed:<\/span> Vec<\/span><<\/span>_><\/span> =<\/span> students
\n .<\/span>into_iter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>Student<\/span> {<\/span> score,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span>|<\/span><\/span> *<\/span>score >=<\/span> 80<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/ \u95ed\u5305\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u5f0f+\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>
\n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>Student<\/span> {<\/span> name,<\/span> ..<\/span> }<\/span>|<\/span><\/span> name)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>collect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u53ca\u683c\u5b66\u751f\u540d\u5355：{:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> passed)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u679a\u4e3e\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n let<\/span> options =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>Some<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> sums:<\/span> i32<\/span> =<\/span> options
\n .<\/span>into_iter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>fold<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> |<\/span>acc,<\/span> opt|<\/span><\/span> match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> =><\/span> acc +<\/span> x,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> acc,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Option \u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u6570\u503c\u603b\u548c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> sums)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ ref \u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u95ed\u5305\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span>
\n let<\/span> names =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Alice"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Bob"<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n names.<\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>ref<\/span> s|<\/span><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u95ed\u5305\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u6570：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"names \u6240\u6709\u6743\u4fdd\u7559：{:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> names)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.9 \u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f（Range Patterns）<\/h4>\n

\u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u843d\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u503c，\u652f\u6301\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4（\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4e0d\u652f\u6301）\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4，\u9700\u914d\u5408..=（\u5305\u542b\u8fb9\u754c）\u6216 ..（\u6392\u9664\u4e0a\u8fb9\u754c）\u4f7f\u7528，\u5e38\u4e0e\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> num =<\/span> 25<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> num {<\/span>
\n 0<\/span>..=<\/span>12<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u513f\u7ae5"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 13<\/span>..=<\/span>17<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u9752\u5c11\u5e74"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 18<\/span>..=<\/span>64<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6210\u5e74\u4eba"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 65<\/span>..=<\/span>120<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u8001\u5e74\u4eba"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5e74\u9f84\u5f02\u5e38"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> ch =<\/span> 'm'<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> ch {<\/span>
\n 'a'<\/span>..=<\/span>'z'<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'A'<\/span>..=<\/span>'Z'<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n '0'<\/span>..=<\/span>'9'<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e @ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>
\n let<\/span> score =<\/span> 88<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> score {<\/span>
\n s @<\/span> 90<\/span>..=<\/span>100<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4f18\u79c0，\u5206\u6570：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n s @<\/span> 60<\/span>..=<\/span>89<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5408\u683c，\u5206\u6570：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n s @<\/span> 0<\/span>..=<\/span>59<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u5408\u683c，\u5206\u6570：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u65e0\u6548\u5206\u6570"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.10 @ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u8fdb\u9636（Pattern Binding with @）<\/h4>\n

@ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u503c，\u8fd8\u80fd\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u590d\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d，\u540c\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u6784\u503c\u201d，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u4f53，\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u662f\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\u7075\u6d3b\u5ea6\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 @ \u7ed1\u5b9a<\/span>
\n let<\/span> circle =<\/span> Circle<\/span> {<\/span>
\n center:<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>,<\/span>
\n radius:<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> circle {<\/span>
\n Circle<\/span> {<\/span> center:<\/span> p @<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x,<\/span> y }<\/span>,<\/span> radius:<\/span> r @<\/span> 5<\/span>..=<\/span>15<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5706\u5fc3\u6574\u4f53：{:?}，\u5750\u6807 ({}, {})"<\/span>,<\/span> p,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u534a\u5f84 {}（\u843d\u5728 5-15 \u533a\u95f4）"<\/span>,<\/span> r)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5706"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u679a\u4e3e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 @ \u7ed1\u5b9a<\/span>
\n let<\/span> msg =<\/span> Message<\/span>::<\/span>Write<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Rust Pattern Matching"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> msg {<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Write<\/span>(<\/span>s @<\/span> _)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u6574\u4f53\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/span>
\n Message<\/span>::<\/span>Move<\/span> {<\/span> x,<\/span> y:<\/span> y @<\/span> 0<\/span>..=<\/span>10<\/span> }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"x: {}，y: {}（0-10\u533a\u95f4）"<\/span>,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5d4c\u5957 @ \u7ed1\u5b9a<\/span>
\n let<\/span> nested =<\/span> Level1<\/span>::<\/span>A<\/span>(<\/span>Level2<\/span>::<\/span>C<\/span>(<\/span>Level3<\/span>::<\/span>E<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> nested {<\/span>
\n Level1<\/span>::<\/span>A<\/span>(<\/span>l2 @<\/span> Level2<\/span>::<\/span>C<\/span>(<\/span>l3 @<\/span> Level3<\/span>::<\/span>E<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Level2 \u6574\u4f53：{:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> l2)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Level3 \u6574\u4f53：{:?}，\u5185\u90e8\u503c：{}，{}"<\/span>,<\/span> l3,<\/span> a,<\/span> b)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.11 \u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u9636（Const Patterns）<\/h4>\n

\u9664\u57fa\u7840 const \u5e38\u91cf\u5916，\u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5173\u8054\u5e38\u91cf\u3001const \u6cdb\u578b\u5e38\u91cf，\u4e14\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d，\u9700\u786e\u4fdd\u5e38\u91cf\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u9759\u6001\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d（\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u503c），\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5173\u8054\u5e38\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
\ntrait<\/span> Shape<\/span> {<\/span>
\n const<\/span> DEFAULT_SIZE<\/span>:<\/span> u32<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\nstruct<\/span> Square<\/span>;<\/span>
\nimpl<\/span> Shape<\/span> for<\/span> Square<\/span> {<\/span>
\n const<\/span> DEFAULT_SIZE<\/span>:<\/span> u32<\/span> =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ const \u6cdb\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
\nstruct<\/span> FixedArray<\/span><<\/span>const<\/span> N<\/span>:<\/span> usize<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n data:<\/span> [<\/span>i32<\/span>;<\/span> N<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5173\u8054\u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> square_size =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> square_size {<\/span>
\n Square<\/span>::<\/span>DEFAULT_SIZE<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fb9\u957f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fb9\u957f"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ const \u6cdb\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> arr =<\/span> FixedArray<\/span> {<\/span> data:<\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> arr {<\/span>
\n FixedArray<\/span><<\/span>3<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span> data }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a3\u7684\u6570\u7ec4：{:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> data)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n FixedArray<\/span><<\/span>5<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span> data }<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a5\u7684\u6570\u7ec4：{:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> data)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u957f\u5ea6\u6570\u7ec4"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

4.12 \u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f（Unit Pattern）<\/h4>\n

\u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u5355\u5143\u503c ()，\u5355\u5143\u503c\u662f Rust \u4e2d\u65e0\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f\u867d\u7b80\u5355，\u4f46\u5728\u5339\u914d\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3001\u7a7a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\u5e38\u7528，\u4e14\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b98\u65b9\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5339\u914d\u5355\u5143\u503c<\/span>
\n let<\/span> unit =<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> unit {<\/span>
\n (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5355\u5143\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5339\u914d\u8fd4\u56de\u5355\u5143\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> do_nothing<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd4\u56de ()<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n match<\/span> do_nothing<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210，\u8fd4\u56de\u5355\u5143\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u679a\u4e3e\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>
\n enum<\/span> EmptyVariant<\/span> {<\/span>
\n NoData<\/span>,<\/span>
\n UnitVariant<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n let<\/span> ev =<\/span> EmptyVariant<\/span>::<\/span>UnitVariant<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> ev {<\/span>
\n EmptyVariant<\/span>::<\/span>NoData<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u4f53"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n EmptyVariant<\/span>::<\/span>UnitVariant<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5355\u5143\u503c\u53d8\u4f53"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u62d3\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/h3>\n

5.1 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027\u68c0\u67e5<\/h4>\n

Rust \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9 match \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027\u68c0\u67e5，\u786e\u4fdd\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，\u907f\u514d\u903b\u8f91\u9057\u6f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u9010\u4e00\u6821\u9a8c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5339\u914d；\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u65e0\u9650\u53d6\u503c\u7c7b\u578b，\u9700\u7528 _ \u515c\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u679a\u4e3e\u672a\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u4f53（\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519）<\/span>
\nenum<\/span> Direction<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Up<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Down<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Left<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Right<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\nfn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> dir =<\/span> Direction<\/span>::<\/span>Up<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ match dir {<\/span>
\n \/\/ Direction::Up => println!("\u5411\u4e0a"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ Direction::Down => println!("\u5411\u4e0b"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ \/\/ \u7f3a\u5c11 Left \u548c Right \u5206\u652f，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u62a5\u9519<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.2 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n

Rust \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b，\u4f1a\u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5206\u652f\u8df3\u8f6c（\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 switch），\u800c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u5206\u652f\u987a\u5e8f，\u786e\u4fdd\u5339\u914d\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u6ce8\u610f：\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5339\u914d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6，\u82e5\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742，\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd，\u5efa\u8bae\u5c3d\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u8fc7\u6ee4，\u800c\u975e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3 \u5e38\u89c1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u9677\u9631<\/h4>\n

5.3.1 \u53d8\u91cf\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898<\/h5>\n

\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5916\u90e8\u540c\u540d\u53d8\u91cf，\u82e5\u9700\u5f15\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u6216@\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> x =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u6b64\u5904 x \u662f\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf，\u8986\u76d6\u5916\u90e8 x<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> =<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5185\u90e8 x: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 5<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5916\u90e8 x: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 10（\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u672a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539）<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>val)<\/span> =<\/span> opt,<\/span> val ==<\/span> x {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"val \u7b49\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8 x"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.2 \u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bef\u7528<\/h5>\n

\u5c06\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e let \u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u573a\u666f，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，\u9700\u6539\u7528 if let \u6216\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3.3 \u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669<\/h5>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 _ \u6216 .. \u5ffd\u7565\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5b57\u6bb5\u65f6，\u82e5\u540e\u7eed\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u65b0\u589e\u5b57\u6bb5，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192，\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9057\u6f0f\u5173\u952e\u903b\u8f91，\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3.4 \u5207\u7247\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u5207\u7247\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d .. \u53ef\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u90e8\u5206，\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5339\u914d\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7a7a\u5207\u7247\u8bef\u5224\u201d，\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u5207\u7247\u65f6，\u9700\u5148\u6821\u9a8c\u5207\u7247\u957f\u5ea6\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d，\u4e14\u7a7a\u5207\u7247\u9700\u4f18\u5148\u5339\u914d，\u907f\u514d\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u7a7a\u5207\u7247\u5339\u914d [.., last] \u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83（\u65e0\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u7ed1\u5b9a last）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> empty =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ match empty {<\/span>
\n \/\/ [.., last] => println!("\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}", last), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\u4f46\u8fd0\u884c\u5d29\u6e83<\/span>
\n \/\/ [] => println!("\u7a7a\u5207\u7247"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5：\u5148\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u5207\u7247，\u518d\u5904\u7406\u975e\u7a7a\u573a\u666f<\/span>
\n match<\/span> empty {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7a7a\u5207\u7247"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>..<\/span>,<\/span> last]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> last)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u5207\u7247\u957f\u5ea6\u6821\u9a8c<\/span>
\n let<\/span> dynamic_slice =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> dynamic_slice {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>a,<\/span> b,<\/span> c,<\/span> ..<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u81f3\u5c113\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}, {}, {}"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> b,<\/span> c)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>a,<\/span> b]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4ec52\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}, {}"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> b)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u957f\u5ea6"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.5 Or\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

Or\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u4e00，\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u540c\u540d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf，\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u82e5\u9700\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf，\u53ef\u6539\u7528\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f+\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：Or\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/span>
\n \/\/ match opt {<\/span>
\n \/\/ Some(3) | Some(x) => println!("\u5339\u914d\u5230\u503c：{}", x), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：Some(3) \u65e0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cfx<\/span>
\n \/\/ None => println!("\u65e0\u503c"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd51：\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u53d8\u91cf（\u914d\u5408\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u7b5b\u9009）<\/span>
\n match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> if<\/span> x ==<\/span> 3<\/span> ||<\/span> x ==<\/span> 5<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u52303\u62165：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u65e0\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd52：\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> |<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u52303\u62165"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>_)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u65e0\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.6 Ref\/Mut Ref\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6df7\u6dc6\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u9700\u533a\u5206 ref\/ref mut \u4e0e\u5916\u90e8 & \u5f15\u7528：ref \u662f\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5185\u4e3b\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528（\u4e0d\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743），& \u662f\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528，\u4e8c\u8005\u6df7\u7528\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u9519\u8bef；\u4e14 ref mut \u4ec5\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf，\u5426\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> name =<\/span> String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Alice"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u6df7\u6dc6 ref \u4e0e &，\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8c\u6b21\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n \/\/ match &name {<\/span>
\n \/\/ ref s => println!("{}", s), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：s \u662f &&String，\u65e0\u9700\u53cc\u91cd\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd51：\u6a21\u5f0f\u5185\u7528 ref \u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n match<\/span> name {<\/span>
\n ref<\/span> s =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd52：\u5916\u90e8\u4f20 &，\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5339\u914d\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n match<\/span> &<\/span>name {<\/span>
\n s =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5916\u90e8\u5f15\u7528：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：ref mut \u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n \/\/ let age = 25;<\/span>
\n \/\/ match age {<\/span>
\n \/\/ ref mut a => *a += 1, \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：age \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8，\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5：\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a mut<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> age =<\/span> 25<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> age {<\/span>
\n ref<\/span> mut<\/span> a =><\/span> *<\/span>a +=<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.7 \u95ed\u5305\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6784\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7c7b\u578b（\u5982String\u3001Vec）\u65f6，\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u7eed\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u9700\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6743\u65f6，\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 ref\/ref mut \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5f15\u7528，\u6216\u4f20\u5165\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u5f15\u7528（\u5982 iter() \u800c\u975e into_iter()）\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> names =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Alice"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Bob"<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u89e3\u6784\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743，names \u540e\u7eed\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
\n \/\/ let mapped: Vec<_> = names.into_iter()<\/span>
\n \/\/ .map(|s| s.len())<\/span>
\n \/\/ .collect();<\/span>
\n \/\/ println!("names: {:?}", names); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：names \u5df2\u88ab\u6d88\u8017<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd51：\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528，\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mapped:<\/span> Vec<\/span><<\/span>_><\/span> =<\/span> names.<\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>s|<\/span><\/span> s.<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>collect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"names: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> names)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd52：\u7528 ref \u6a21\u5f0f\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> new_names =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Charlie"<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n new_names.<\/span>iter_mut<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>ref<\/span> mut<\/span> s|<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
\n s.<\/span>push_str<\/span>(<\/span>"_suffix"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"new_names: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> new_names)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.8 \u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b，\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570（\u7cbe\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5339\u914d\u5931\u6548）；\u4e14\u9700\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8303\u56f4\u8fb9\u754c\u5408\u6cd5（\u4e0b\u8fb9\u754c \u2264 \u4e0a\u8fb9\u754c），\u975e\u6cd5\u8fb9\u754c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u6c38\u8fdc\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25，\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u65e0\u62a5\u9519，\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u6821\u9a8c\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f（\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\u4f46\u903b\u8f91\u5f02\u5e38）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> f =<\/span> 3.14<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ match f {<\/span>
\n \/\/ 1.0..=5.0 => println!("\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u5185"), \/\/ \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7cbe\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5339\u914d\u5931\u6548<\/span>
\n \/\/ _ => println!("\u4e0d\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u5185"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u975e\u6cd5\u8303\u56f4（\u4e0b\u8fb9\u754c > \u4e0a\u8fb9\u754c，\u6c38\u8fdc\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> num =<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> num {<\/span>
\n 10<\/span>..=<\/span>1<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u975e\u6cd5\u8303\u56f4，\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5339\u914d"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6b63\u786e\u5339\u914d"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5：\u6574\u6570\/\u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4，\u8fb9\u754c\u5408\u6cd5<\/span>
\n let<\/span> ch =<\/span> 'Z'<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> ch {<\/span>
\n 'A'<\/span>..=<\/span>'Z'<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.9 @\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

@\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4f4e\u4e8e\u89e3\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5d4c\u5957\u65f6\u9700\u660e\u786e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4，\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u7ed1\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u503c\u800c\u975e\u6574\u4f53；\u4e14\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u540c\u540d\u53d8\u91cf，\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> point =<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> y:<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5：\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6574\u4f53\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u5b57\u6bb5<\/span>
\n match<\/span> point {<\/span>
\n p @<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span> x:<\/span> x @<\/span> 1<\/span>..=<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> y }<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6574\u4f53\u70b9：{:?}，x: {}（1-5\u533a\u95f4），y: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> p,<\/span> x,<\/span> y)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u91cd\u590d @ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u540c\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n \/\/ match point {<\/span>
\n \/\/ p @ Point { x: p @ _, y } => println!("{}", p), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：\u53d8\u91cf p \u91cd\u590d\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.10 \u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9759\u6001\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u9759\u6001\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u975econst\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u503c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f；\u5173\u8054\u5e38\u91cf\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u5c5e\u7c7b\u578b，\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u65ad\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
\n let<\/span> runtime_const =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ match 5 {<\/span>
\n \/\/ runtime_const => println!("\u5339\u914d"), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：runtime_const \u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
\n \/\/ _ => println!("\u4e0d\u5339\u914d"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5：const \u5e38\u91cf（\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a）<\/span>
\n const<\/span> STATIC_CONST<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span> =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> 10<\/span> {<\/span>
\n STATIC_CONST<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u5339\u914d"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5：\u5173\u8054\u5e38\u91cf（\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b）<\/span>
\n match<\/span> 10<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Square<\/span>::<\/span>DEFAULT_SIZE<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u5173\u8054\u5e38\u91cf"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u5339\u914d"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.1 \u53d8\u91cf\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898<\/h5>\n

\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5916\u90e8\u540c\u540d\u53d8\u91cf，\u82e5\u9700\u5f15\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u6216 @\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> x =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u6b64\u5904 x \u662f\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf，\u8986\u76d6\u5916\u90e8 x<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> =<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5185\u90e8 x: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 5<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5916\u90e8 x: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 10（\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u672a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539）<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>val)<\/span> =<\/span> opt,<\/span> val ==<\/span> x {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"val \u7b49\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8 x"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.2 \u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bef\u7528<\/h5>\n

\u5c06\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e let \u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u573a\u666f，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，\u9700\u6539\u7528 if let \u6216\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3.3 \u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669<\/h5>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 _ \u6216 .. \u5ffd\u7565\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5b57\u6bb5\u65f6，\u82e5\u540e\u7eed\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u65b0\u589e\u5b57\u6bb5，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192，\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9057\u6f0f\u5173\u952e\u903b\u8f91，\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3.4 \u5207\u7247\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u5207\u7247\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d .. \u53ef\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u90e8\u5206，\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5339\u914d\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7a7a\u5207\u7247\u8bef\u5224\u201d，\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u5207\u7247\u65f6，\u9700\u5148\u6821\u9a8c\u5207\u7247\u957f\u5ea6\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u7a7a\u5207\u7247\u5339\u914d [.., last] \u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83（\u65e0\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u7ed1\u5b9a last）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> empty =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ match empty {<\/span>
\n \/\/ [.., last] => println!("\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}", last), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\u4f46\u8fd0\u884c\u5d29\u6e83<\/span>
\n \/\/ [] => println!("\u7a7a\u5207\u7247"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5：\u5148\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u5207\u7247，\u518d\u5904\u7406\u975e\u7a7a\u573a\u666f<\/span>
\n match<\/span> empty {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7a7a\u5207\u7247"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>..<\/span>,<\/span> last]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> last)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u5207\u7247\u957f\u5ea6\u6821\u9a8c<\/span>
\n let<\/span> dynamic_slice =<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> dynamic_slice {<\/span>
\n [<\/span>a,<\/span> b,<\/span> c,<\/span> ..<\/span>]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u81f3\u5c113\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}, {}, {}"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> b,<\/span> c)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>a,<\/span> b]<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4ec52\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：{}, {}"<\/span>,<\/span> a,<\/span> b)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n _ =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u957f\u5ea6"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.5 Or\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

Or\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4，\u82e5\u90e8\u5206\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u79f0\/\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，\u9700\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> opt =<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：Or\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/span>
\n \/\/ match opt {<\/span>
\n \/\/ Some(3) | Some(x) => println!("\u5339\u914d\u5230\u503c：{}", x), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：Some(3) \u65e0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cfx<\/span>
\n \/\/ None => println!("\u65e0\u503c"),<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd51：\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> if<\/span> x ==<\/span> 3<\/span> ||<\/span> x ==<\/span> 5<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u52303\u62165：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u503c：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> x)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u65e0\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd52：\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n match<\/span> opt {<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> |<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5339\u914d\u52303\u62165"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Some<\/span>(<\/span>_)<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5176\u4ed6\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n None<\/span> =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u65e0\u503c"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.6 Ref\/Mut Ref\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6df7\u6dc6\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6 ref \u4e0e\u5916\u90e8 & \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6cd5，\u6216\u5fd8\u8bb0 ref mut \u8981\u6c42\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u53d8，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u503c\u3002\u9700\u660e\u786e：ref \u662f\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5185\u4e3b\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528，\u4e0d\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743；ref mut \u4f9d\u8d56\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> name =<\/span> String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Alice"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u6df7\u6dc6 ref \u4e0e &，\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8c\u6b21\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n \/\/ match &name {<\/span>
\n \/\/ ref s => println!("{}", s), \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：s \u662f &&String，\u65e0\u9700\u53cc\u91cd\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd51：\u6a21\u5f0f\u5185\u7528 ref \u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n match<\/span> name {<\/span>
\n ref<\/span> s =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd52：\u5916\u90e8\u4f20 &，\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5339\u914d\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n match<\/span> &<\/span>name {<\/span>
\n s =><\/span> println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5916\u90e8\u5f15\u7528：{}"<\/span>,<\/span> s)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：ref mut \u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n \/\/ let age = 25;<\/span>
\n \/\/ match age {<\/span>
\n \/\/ ref mut a => *a += 1, \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：age \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8，\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
\n \/\/ }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5：\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a mut<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> age =<\/span> 25<\/span>;<\/span>
\n match<\/span> age {<\/span>
\n ref<\/span> mut<\/span> a =><\/span> *<\/span>a +=<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3.7 \u95ed\u5305\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u9677\u9631<\/h5>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u89e3\u6784\u65f6，\u82e5\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6784\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7c7b\u578b（\u5982String\u3001Vec），\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u6743\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb，\u540e\u7eed\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u9700\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528 ref\/ref mut \u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u6216\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> names =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Alice"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Bob"<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303：\u89e3\u6784\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743，names \u540e\u7eed\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
\n \/\/ let mapped: Vec<_> = names.into_iter()<\/span>
\n \/\/ .map(|s| s.len())<\/span>
\n \/\/ .collect();<\/span>
\n \/\/ println!("names: {:?}", names); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：names \u5df2\u88ab\u6d88\u8017<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd51：\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528，\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mapped:<\/span> Vec<\/span><<\/span>_><\/span> =<\/span> names.<\/span>iter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>s|<\/span><\/span> s.<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>collect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"names: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> names)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd52：\u7528 ref \u6a21\u5f0f\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> new_names =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>"Charlie"<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n new_names.<\/span>iter_mut<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>for_each<\/span>(<\/span>|<\/span>ref<\/span> mut<\/span> s|<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
\n s.<\/span>push_str!<\/span>(<\/span>"_suffix"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"new_names: {:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> new_names)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n

6.1 \u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u66ff\u4ee3 if-else<\/h4>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u590d\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u89e3\u6784\u573a\u666f，\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8fdc\u8d85 if-else，\u5efa\u8bae\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5904\u7406 Option\u3001Result \u65f6，\u7528 match \u6216 if let \u66ff\u4ee3\u591a\u6b21 null \u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

6.2 \u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b80\u6d01<\/h4>\n

\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u6a21\u5f0f，\u82e5\u5d4c\u5957\u5c42\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6df1，\u53ef\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u53d8\u91cf，\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5c06\u6df1\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u5339\u914d\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

6.3 \u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027\u68c0\u67e5<\/h4>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b，\u5c3d\u91cf\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u4f53，\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56 _ \u515c\u5e95，\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u679a\u4e3e\u65b0\u589e\u53d8\u4f53\u65f6，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192\u8865\u5145\u5339\u914d\u5206\u652f，\u907f\u514d\u903b\u8f91\u9057\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

6.4 \u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

\u5728 let \u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f，\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6784；\u5728\u4ec5\u5173\u5fc3\u5355\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6，\u7528 if let \u66ff\u4ee3 match，\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

Rust \u662f\u4e00\u9879\u96c6\u201c\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6784\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u201d\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027，\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u5230\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u573a\u666f，\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4fdd\u969c，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u5f62\u5f0f：\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7684 match \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\/\u5e38\u91cf（\u542b\u5173\u8054\u5e38\u91cf\u3001const \u6cdb\u578b）\/\u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5230\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b（\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\u3001\u5207\u7247）\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u5339\u914d，\u518d\u5230\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u7684 if let\/while let\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u5b88\u536b\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u5339\u914d\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001Or \u6a21\u5f0f\u3001Ref\/Mut Ref \u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8303\u56f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001@\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8fdb\u9636，\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3001\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u7528\u6cd5，\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u9f50 Rust \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b，\u7ed3\u5408\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u8981\u70b9\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5404\u573a\u666f\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d，\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347 Rust \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u5ea6\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u662f\u4ece Rust \u5165\u95e8\u5230\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u9700\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5339\u914d\u5f62\u5f0f，\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5，\u907f\u5f00\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631，\u8ba9\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728 Rust \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d，\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6838\u5fc3\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad（\u5982 if-else\u3001switch），\u8fd8\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u89e3\u6784\u3001\u503c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u76f8\u6bd4，Rust \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u517c\u5177\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u529b，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u907f\u514d\u9057\u6f0f\u5206\u652f，\u4ece\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u4fdd\u969c\u903b\u8f91\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002
\n\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u201c\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53bb\u5339\u914d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u503c\u201d&#xf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[206,292,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-60575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-rust","tag-292","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"\nRust \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d \u5927\u5408\u96c6 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/60575.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rust \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d \u5927\u5408\u96c6 - 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