{"id":59205,"date":"2026-01-13T13:59:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T05:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/59205.html"},"modified":"2026-01-13T13:59:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T05:59:41","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e3%80%90linux%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e3%80%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/59205.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b66\u4e60\u3010Linux\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055924-6965df3c9fd35.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p> <font color=\"#CC0000\">&#x1f525;\u627f\u6e0a\u653f\u9053&#xff1a;\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875 <\/font><\/p>\n<p> <font color=\"#0099FF\">\u2744\ufe0f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u680f:  \u300aC\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b \u300a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u9636\u300b<\/font><\/p>\n<p>\u300aC&#043;&#043;\u521d\u9636\u77e5\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u300b\u300aLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b<\/p>\n<p> <font color=\"#0000CD\" size=\"4\">\u2728\u9006\u5883\u4e0d\u5410\u5fc3\u4e2d\u82e6,\u987a\u5883\u4e0d\u5fd8\u6765\u65f6\u8def!<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#8A2BE2\" size=\"3\">&#x1f3ac; 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Linux\u4e0a,\u2f7dKali\u7684\u9b45\u2f12\u6216\u5a01\u2f12\u5c31\u6765\u2f83\u4e8e\u6b64.\u6b64\u5916,\u2f40\u6301Debian\u7684\u2f64\u2f3e\u8bba\u575b\u4e3aKali\u52a0\u5206\u4e0d\u5c11.Kali\u968f\u5e26\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u2f2f\u5177,\u2f46\u8bba\u662fWifi\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u2f2f\u5177,\u90fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u2f74\u2ee2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u2f64.Kali\u4f7f\u2f64APT\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305.\u6beb\u2f46\u7591\u95ee,Kali Linux\u662f\u2f00\u6b3e\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u2f2f\u5177,\u6216\u8005\u662f\u2f42\u660e\u2fca\u5ba2(\u6076\u610f\u2fca\u5ba2\u9664\u5916)\u2ed8\u7750\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf.<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>6.Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u642d\u5efa\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\u65b9\u6848\u4f18\u70b9\u7f3a\u70b9\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u7fa4<\/tr>\n<tr>\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5b8c\u5168\u6a21\u62df Linux 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color=\"#0000cd\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u5c0f\u7f16\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848,\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u6211\u8bf4\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff1f;\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u2013&gt;\u6709\u534e\u4e3a\u4e91\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u7b49\u7b49;\u5b66\u751f\u4f18\u60e0\u5b8c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5927\u6982\u4e00\u5e74\u4e0d\u5230100\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684,\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u70b9.<\/font> \u5bf9\u4e8ewindows\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4: <font color=\"#006400\">\u4f7f\u7528\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#043;Xshell\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<\/font> \u5bf9\u4e8emac\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4:<font color=\"#006400\">\u4f7f\u7528\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#043;Xterminal\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>7.Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<h3>7.1 ls\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;ls [\u9009\u9879] [\u2f6c\u5f55\u6216\u2f42\u4ef6] \u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2f6c\u5f55,\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u8be5\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f26\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0e\u2f42\u4ef6.\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2f42\u4ef6,\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f.<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -a \u5217\u51fa\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6,\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5 . \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9690\u542b\u2f42\u4ef6(\u7b49\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#043;\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027). -d \u5c06\u2f6c\u5f55\u50cf\u2f42\u4ef6\u2f00\u6837\u663e\u793a,\u2f7d\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e0b\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6.\u5982&#xff1a;ls \u2012d \u6307\u5b9a\u2f6c\u5f55 -i \u8f93\u51fa\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684 i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4fe1\u606f.\u5982 ls \u2012ai \u6307\u5b9a\u2f42\u4ef6 -k \u4ee5 k \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u2f70\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u2f24\u2f29.ls \u2012alk \u6307\u5b9a\u2f42\u4ef6 -l \u5217\u51fa\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f -n \u2f64\u6570\u5b57\u7684 UID,GID \u4ee3\u66ff\u540d\u79f0.(\u4ecb\u7ecd UID,GID) -F \u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u4e0a\u2f00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b,\u201c*\u201d\u8868\u2f70\u53ef\u6267\u2f8f\u7684\u666e\u901a\u2f42\u4ef6;\u201c\/\u201d\u8868\u793a \u2f6c\u5f55;\u201c&#064;\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5;\u201c|\u201d\u8868\u793aFIFOs;\u201c&#061;\u201d\u8868\u2f70\u5957\u63a5\u5b57(sockets).(\u2f6c\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u8bc6\u522b) -r \u5bf9\u2f6c\u5f55\u53cd\u5411\u6392\u5e8f -t \u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f -s \u5728l\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u8be5\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u2f24\u2f29.(\u2f24\u2f29\u6392\u5e8f,\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u6700\u2f24\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6) -R \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u2f26\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6.(\u9012\u5f52) -1 \u2f00\u2f8f\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6. Linux\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b,\u90fd\u8981\u9690\u85cf\u5b58\u5728.\u548c\u2026 Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6,\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5&#034;.\u201c\u5f00\u5934. Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d,\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d.\u201c\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84.\u4e24\u4e2a\u201d\u2026&#034;\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u7ea7\u8def\u5f84 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055925-6965df3d9cd5b.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.2 pwd\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5: pwd \u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u663e\u2f70\u2f64\u2f3e\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55<\/font> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055926-6965df3e15c69.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.3 cd\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5: cd \u2f6c\u5f55\u540d \u529f\u80fd:\u6539\u53d8\u2f2f\u4f5c\u2f6c\u5f55.\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u2f2f\u4f5c\u2f6c\u5f55\u6539\u53d8\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b<\/font> Linux\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6:\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6 1\ufe0f\u20e3Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d,\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u548c\u2f6c\u5f55\u88ab\u7ec4\u6210\u2f00\u68f5\u2f6c\u5f55\u6811,\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u2f6c\u5f55\u6216\u2f42\u4ef6 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u5176\u4e2d\u666e\u901a\u2f42\u4ef6\u2f00\u5b9a\u662f\u2f6c\u5f55\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u2f26\u8282\u70b9 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u2f6c\u5f55\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53f6\u2f26(\u7a7a\u2f6c\u5f55),\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8def\u4e0a\u8282\u70b9 4\ufe0f\u20e3\u7406\u89e3\u8def\u5f84\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49: \u6811\u72b6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2f45\u5f0f,\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6,\u2f7d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2f42\u4ef6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u552f\u2f00\u6027\u7684\u2f45\u6848\u6765\u8fdb\u2f8f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2f42\u4ef6.\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u2f00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9,\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f57\u8282\u70b9,\u6240\u4ee5,\u4ece\u6839\u2f6c\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6307\u5b9a\u2f42\u4ef6,\u8def\u5f84\u5177\u6709\u552f\u2f00\u6027 5\ufe0f\u20e3\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84:\u2f00\u822c\u4ece\/\u5f00\u59cb,\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u4ed6\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u2f45\u5f0f 6\ufe0f\u20e3\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84:\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u2f64\u2f3e\u6240\u5904\u2f6c\u5f55,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u2f45\u5f0f 7\ufe0f\u20e3\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u2f00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u2f64\u2f3e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53d8\u5316\u2f7d\u4e27\u5931\u552f\u2f00\u6027,\u2f00\u822c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u2f64 8\ufe0f\u20e3\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u6027,\u2f00\u822c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u2f8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u2f64\u8f83\u591a <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055926-6965df3e20cf0.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/> <font color=\"#006400\">\u2460Linux\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784!\u2014\u591a\u53c9\u6811\u2014\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9,\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7236\u8282\u70b9. \u2461Linux\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840!\u2014\u63a8\u5bfc\u5230\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u9000\u4e86! \u2462\u8fd9\u9897\u591a\u53c9\u6811,\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9,\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u7a7a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939;\u8def\u4e0a\u8282\u70b9(\u975e\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9),\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u5f55! \u2463\u6807\u8bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u552f\u4e00\u6027,\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u8bc6\u7684!\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027&#xff1f; \u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9,\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\/\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684!<\/font> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055930-6965df42baa38.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055931-6965df4369e3d.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055931-6965df43e93d1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.4 touch\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5::touch [\u9009\u9879]\u2026 \u2f42\u4ef6\u2026 \u529f\u80fd:touch\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u2f42\u6863\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u2f47\u671f\u65f6\u95f4,\u5305\u62ec\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4,\u6216\u8005\u65b0\u5efa\u2f00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6.<\/font> Linux\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6:\u2f42\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6 \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -a : change only the access time -c : change only the modification time<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055932-6965df444a139.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.5 mkdir\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:mkdir [\u9009\u9879] dirname\u2026 \u529f\u80fd:\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u2f00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a \u201cdirname\u201d\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879: -p\/&#8211;parents: \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u79f0.\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u2f6c\u5f55\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728,\u52a0\u4e0a\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u540e,\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u2f83\u52a8\u5efa\u2f74\u597d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55,\u5373\u2f00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u2f74\u591a\u4e2a\u2f6c\u5f55. <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055933-6965df452047a.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.6 rmdir\u6307\u4ee4&amp;&amp;rm\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#006400\">rmdir\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u4e0emkdir\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4,mkdir\u662f\u5efa\u2f74\u2f6c\u5f55,\u2f7drmdir\u662f\u5220\u9664\u547d\u4ee4<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:rmdir [-p] [dirName] \u9002\u2f64\u5bf9\u8c61:\u5177\u6709\u5f53\u524d\u2f6c\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u2f64\u8005 \u529f\u80fd:\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u2f6c\u5f55<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879: -p \u5f53\u2f26\u2f6c\u5f55\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u540e\u5982\u679c\u2f57\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e5f\u53d8\u6210\u7a7a\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u5c31\u8fde\u5e26\u2f57\u2f6c\u5f55\u2f00\u8d77\u5220\u9664. <font color=\"#006400\">rm\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:rm [-f-i-r-v] [dirName\/dir] \u9002\u2f64\u5bf9\u8c61:\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u2f64\u8005 \u529f\u80fd:\u5220\u9664\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879: -f \u5373\u4f7f\u2f42\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb(\u5373\u5199\u4fdd\u62a4),\u4ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 -i \u5220\u9664\u524d\u9010\u2f00\u8be2\u95ee\u786e\u8ba4 -r \u5220\u9664\u2f6c\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.7 man\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>Linux\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53c2\u6570,\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u8bb0\u4f4f,\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u8054\u673a\u2f3f\u518c\u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9 <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5: man [\u9009\u9879] \u547d\u4ee4<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879: -k \u6839\u636e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u641c\u7d22\u8054\u673a\u5e2e\u52a9 num \u53ea\u5728\u7b2cnum\u7ae0\u8282\u67e5\u627e -a \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765,\u2f50\u5982 man printf \u5b83\u7f3a\u7701\u4ece\u7b2c\u2f00\u7ae0\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22,\u77e5\u9053\u5c31\u505c\u2f4c,\u2f64a\u9009\u9879,\u5f53\u6309\u4e0bq\u9000\u51fa,\u4ed6\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u540e\u2faf\u641c\u7d22,\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7ae0\u8282\u90fd\u641c\u7d22\u5b8c\u6bd5 <font color=\"#006400\">\u89e3\u91ca\u2f00\u4e0b:man\u2f3f\u518c\u5206\u4e3a9\u7ae0(\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5dee\u522b) 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u2f64,\u5982open,write\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684(\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a,\u2f84\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u2f45\u4fbf\u7684\u67e5\u5230\u8c03\u2f64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570,\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4ec0\u4e48\u5934\u2f42\u4ef6) 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570,\u5982printf,fread4\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u2f42\u4ef6,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\/dev\u4e0b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u2f42\u4ef6 4\ufe0f\u20e3\u7565 5\ufe0f\u20e3\u662f\u6307\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f,\u2f50\u5982passwd,\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u542b\u4e49 6\ufe0f\u20e3\u662f\u7ed9\u6e38\u620f\u7559\u7684,\u7531\u5404\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u2f83\u2f30\u5b9a\u4e49. 7\ufe0f\u20e3\u662f\u9644\u4ef6\u8fd8\u6709\u2f00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf,\u2f50\u5982\u50cfenviron\u8fd9\u79cd\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u8fd9\u2fa5\u5c31\u6709\u8bf4\u660e. 8\ufe0f\u20e3\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u2f64\u7684\u547d\u4ee4,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u7531root\u4f7f\u2f64,\u5982ifconfig. 9\ufe0f\u20e3\u7565<\/font> <font color=\"#8B008B\">man fork\u2014&gt;\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u2f64,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4,man\u5c31\u2f83\u52a8\u53bb2\u53f7\u2f3f\u518c\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u4ee4 man 2 frok\u2014&gt;\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u2f64 man 3 printf\u2014&gt;\u67e5\u770bC\u5e93\u51fd\u6570 man 7 signal\u2014&gt;\u67e5\u770b\u53d8\u91cf man man\u2014&gt;\u67e5\u770bman\u2f3f\u518c\u2f83\u2f30<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.8 cp\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:cp [\u9009\u9879] \u6e90\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55 \u2f6c\u6807\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55 \u529f\u80fd:\u590d\u5236\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55 \u8bf4\u660e: cp\u6307\u4ee4\u2f64\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55 \u5982\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55,\u4e14\u6700\u540e\u7684\u2f6c\u7684\u5730\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55,\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u524d\u2faf\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6b64\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d.<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879: -f \u6216&#8211;force \u5f3a\u2f8f\u590d\u5236\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55,\u4e0d\u8bba\u2f6c\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728 -i \u6216&#8211;interactive \u8986\u76d6\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u8be2\u95ee\u2f64\u2f3e -r \u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e0e\u2f26\u2f6c\u5f55\u2f00\u5e76\u5904\u7406.\u82e5\u6e90\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u5f62\u6001,\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u2f6c\u5f55\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5,\u5219\u2f00\u5f8b\u89c6\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u2f42\u4ef6\u5904\u7406.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.9 mv\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#006400\">mv\u547d\u4ee4\u662fmove\u7684\u7f29\u5199,\u53ef\u4ee5\u2f64\u6765\u79fb\u52a8\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u2f42\u4ef6\u6539\u540d(move (rename)files,\u7ecf\u5e38\u2f64\u6765\u5907\u4efd\u2f42\u4ef6 \u6216\u8005\u2f6c\u5f55<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5: mv [\u9009\u9879] \u6e90\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55 \u2f6c\u6807\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55 \u529f\u80fd: 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u89c6mv\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7b2c\u2f06\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c(\u662f\u2f6c\u6807\u2f42\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u2f6c\u6807\u2f6c\u5f55),mv\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u2f42\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u2f84\u2f00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d. 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u5f53\u7b2c\u2f06\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u2f42\u4ef6\u65f6,mv\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u2f42\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d,\u6b64\u65f6,\u6e90\u2f42\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u2f00\u4e2a(\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6e90\u2f6c\u5f55\u540d),\u5b83\u5c06\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6e90\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u2f6c\u6807\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d. 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u5f53\u7b2c\u2f06\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u65f6,\u6e90\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a,mv\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5404\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6e90 \u2f42\u4ef6\u5747\u79fb\u2f84\u2f6c\u6807\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d.<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -f &#xff1a;force \u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u610f\u601d,\u5982\u679c\u2f6c\u6807\u2f42\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728,\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u2f7d\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6 -i &#xff1a;\u82e5\u2f6c\u6807\u2f42\u4ef6 (destination) \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u65f6,\u5c31\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u8986\u76d6&#xff01;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.10 cat\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:cat [\u9009\u9879] [\u2f42\u4ef6] \u529f\u80fd:\u67e5\u770b\u2f6c\u6807\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -b \u5bf9\u2fae\u7a7a\u8f93\u51fa\u2f8f\u7f16\u53f7,\u7a7a\u2f8f\u4e0d\u505a\u7f16\u53f7 -n \u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f8f\u7f16\u53f7 -s \u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u591a\u2f8f\u7a7a\u2f8f <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055936-6965df48c73a7.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.11 more\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:more [\u9009\u9879] \u529f\u80fd:more\u547d\u4ee4,\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c cat<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -n \u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u2f8f\u6570 q \u9000\u51famore <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055938-6965df4a2d66d.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.12 less\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#006400\">1\ufe0f\u20e3less\u2f2f\u5177\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u2f8f\u5206\u2eda\u663e\u793a\u2f2f\u5177,\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u662flinux\u6b63\u7edf\u67e5\u770b\u2f42\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u2f2f\u5177,\u529f\u80fd\u6781\u5176\u5f3a\u2f24 2\ufe0f\u20e3less \u7684\u2f64\u6cd5\u2f50\u8d77 more \u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u6709\u5f39\u6027,\u5728 more \u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5411\u524d\u2faf\u7ffb,\u53ea\u80fd\u5f80\u540e\u2faf\u770b 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u4f46\u82e5\u4f7f\u2f64\u4e86 less \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u2f64 [pageup] [pagedown] \u7b49\u6309\u952e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u5f80\u524d\u5f80\u540e\u7ffb\u770b\u2f42\u4ef6,\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u2f64\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 4\ufe0f\u20e3\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916,\u5728 less \u2fa5\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd,\u4e0d\u2f4c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0b\u641c,\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0a\u641c.<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:less [\u53c2\u6570] \u2f42\u4ef6 \u529f\u80fd:less\u4e0emore\u7c7b\u4f3c,\u4f46\u4f7f\u2f64less\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u6d4f\u89c8\u2f42\u4ef6,\u2f7dmore\u4ec5\u80fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8,\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8,\u2f7d\u4e14less\u5728\u67e5\u770b\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6.<\/font> \u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -i \u5ffd\u7565\u641c\u7d22\u65f6\u7684\u2f24\u2f29\u5199 -N \u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u2f8f\u7684\u2f8f\u53f7 \/\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32:\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd ?\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32:\u5411\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd n:\u91cd\u590d\u524d\u2f00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22&#xff08;\u4e0e \/ \u6216 ? \u6709\u5173&#xff09; N:\u53cd\u5411\u91cd\u590d\u524d\u2f00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22&#xff08;\u4e0e \/ \u6216 ? \u6709\u5173&#xff09; q:quit<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.13 head\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#006400\">head \u4e0e tail \u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u2f00\u6837\u7684\u6d45\u663e\u6613\u61c2,\u5b83\u662f\u2f64\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u7ed3\u5c3e\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u2f42\u5b57\u533a\u5757,head \u2f64\u6765\u663e\u793a\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u2f84\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d,\u2f7d tail \u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5c14\u5c31\u662f\u770b\u6863\u6848\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e.<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a; head [\u53c2\u6570]\u2026 [\u2f42\u4ef6]\u2026 \u529f\u80fd&#xff1a; head \u2f64\u6765\u663e\u2f70\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u2f84\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d,\u9ed8\u8ba4head\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u593410\u2f8f.<\/font> \u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -n&lt;\u2f8f\u6570&gt; \u663e\u793a\u7684\u2f8f\u6570 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055938-6965df4a82f11.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.14 tail\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#006400\">tail\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u2f42\u4ef6\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa.\u4f7f\u2f64tail\u547d\u4ee4\u7684-f\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u2f45\u4fbf\u7684\u67e5\u9605\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u2f47\u5fd7\u2f42\u4ef6,tail -f filename\u4f1a\u628afilename\u2fa5\u6700\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u663e\u2f70\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a,\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u5237\u65b0,\u4f7f\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9.<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:tail \u5fc5\u8981\u53c2\u6570 [\u2f42\u4ef6] \u529f\u80fd:\u2f64\u4e8e\u663e\u2f70\u6307\u5b9a\u2f42\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u5185\u5bb9,\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u2f42\u4ef6\u65f6,\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u2f0a\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u2f8f\u5904\u7406.\u5e38\u2f64\u67e5\u770b\u2f47\u5fd7\u2f42\u4ef6.<\/font> \u9009\u9879: -f \u5faa\u73af\u8bfb\u53d6 -n&lt;\u2f8f\u6570&gt; \u663e\u2f70\u2f8f\u6570 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055938-6965df4a92945.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.15 date\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u6307\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u2f70\u65f6\u95f4:date &#043;%Y:%m:%d \u2f64\u6cd5:date [OPTION]\u2026 [&#043;FORMAT]<\/font> 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u5728\u663e\u793a\u2f45\u2faf&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u2f64\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6b32\u663e\u793a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f,\u683c\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u2f00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u540e\u63a5\u6570\u4e2a\u6807\u8bb0,\u5176\u4e2d\u5e38\u2f64\u7684\u6807\u8bb0 \u5217\u8868\u5982\u4e0b: \u2460%H : \u2f29\u65f6(00..23) \u2461%M : \u5206\u949f(00..59) \u2462%S : \u79d2(00..61) \u2463%X : \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e %H:%M:%S \u2464%d : \u2f47 (01..31) \u2465%m : \u2f49\u4efd (01..12) \u2466%Y : \u5b8c\u6574\u5e74\u4efd (0000..9999) \u2467%F : \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e %Y-%m-%d 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u5728\u8bbe\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u2f45\u2faf \u2460date -s \u2014&gt;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4,\u53ea\u6709root\u6743\u9650\u624d\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e,\u5176\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u67e5\u770b \u2461date -s 20080523 \u2014&gt;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u621020080523,\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u628a\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u7a7a00:00:00 \u2462date -s 01:01:01 \u2014&gt;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4,\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u2f47\u671f\u505a\u66f4\u6539 \u2463date -s \u201c01:01:01 2008-05-23\u2033 \u2014&gt;\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4 \u2464date -s \u201c01:01:01 20080523\u2033 \u2014&gt;\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4 \u2465date -s \u201c2008-05-23 01:01:01\u2033 \u2014&gt;\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4 \u2466date -s \u201c20080523 01:01:01\u2033 \u2014&gt;\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 \u2460\u65f6\u95f4-&gt;\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff1a;date &#043;%s \u2461\u65f6\u95f4\u6233-&gt;\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;date -d&#064;1508749502 \u2462Unix\u65f6\u95f4\u6233(\u82f1\u2f42\u4e3aUnix epoch, Unix time, POSIX time \u6216 Unix timestamp)\u662f\u4ece1970\u5e741\u2f491\u2f47(UTC\/GMT\u7684\u5348\u591c)\u5f00\u59cb\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u79d2\u6570,\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u95f0\u79d2 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055938-6965df4aac52f.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.16 cal\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#006400\">cal\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u2f64\u6765\u663e\u793a\u516c\u5386(\u9633\u5386)\u2f47\u5386.\u516c\u5386\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u901a\u2f64\u7684\u5386\u6cd5,\u2f1c\u79f0\u683c\u5217\u5386,\u901a\u79f0\u9633\u5386.\u201c\u9633\u5386\u201d\u2f1c\u540d\u201c\u592a\u9633\u5386\u201d,\u7cfb\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u7ed5\u2f8f\u592a\u9633\u2f00\u5468\u4e3a\u2f00\u5e74,\u4e3a\u897f\u2f45\u5404\u56fd\u6240\u901a\u2f64,\u6545\u2f1c\u540d\u201c\u897f\u5386\u201d.<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f:cal \u53c2\u6570 [\u5e74\u4efd] \u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u2f64\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u2f47\u5386\u7b49\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f,\u5982\u53ea\u6709\u2f00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570,\u5219\u8868\u793a\u5e74\u4efd(1-9999),\u5982\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570,\u5219\u8868\u793a\u2f49\u4efd\u548c\u5e74\u4efd<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -3 \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u524d\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f49,\u5f53\u524d\u2f49,\u4e0b\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f49\u7684\u2f49\u5386 -j \u663e\u793a\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u2f0f\u5929(\u2f00\u5e74\u2f47\u671f\u6309\u5929\u7b97,\u4ece1\u2f491\u53f7\u7b97\u8d77,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u2f49\u5728\u2f00\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u5929\u6570) -y \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u2f47\u5386 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055939-6965df4b476a2.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.17 find\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#006400\">1\ufe0f\u20e3Linux\u4e0bfind\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u2f6c\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u2f42\u4ef6,\u5e76\u6267\u2f8f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c. 2\ufe0f\u20e3Linux\u4e0bfind\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6,\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u5f3a\u2f24.\u7531\u4e8efind\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u2f24\u7684\u529f\u80fd,\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u5f88\u591a,\u5176\u4e2d\u2f24\u90e8\u5206\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u2f00\u4e0b. 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u5373\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u2f79\u7edc\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(NFS),find\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u8be5\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6548,\u53ea\u4f60\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u9650. 4\ufe0f\u20e3\u5728\u8fd0\u2f8f\u2f00\u4e2a\u2fae\u5e38\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u7684find\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6,\u5f88\u591a\u2f08\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u2f8f,\u56e0\u4e3a\u904d\u5386\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f24\u7684 \u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u5f88\u2ed3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4(\u8fd9\u2fa5\u662f\u630730G\u5b57\u8282\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf).<\/font> <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:find pathname -options \u529f\u80fd:\u2f64\u4e8e\u5728\u2f42\u4ef6\u6811\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u2f42\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406&#xff08;\u53ef\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u78c1\u76d8&#xff09;<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879 -name \u6309\u7167\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u67e5\u627e\u2f42\u4ef6 \u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u9700\u8981\u5728\u67e5,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u5b9e\u2f50\u8f83\u590d\u6742 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055940-6965df4c7de10.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.18 which\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u529f\u80fd:\u641c\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/font> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055940-6965df4c889dd.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.19 whereis\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u529f\u80fd:\u2f64\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6e90\u3001\u2f06\u8fdb\u5236\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f3f\u518c.<\/font> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260113055940-6965df4c9250f.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.20 alias\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u529f\u80fd:\u8bbe\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u522b\u540d<\/font> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"2026-01-13tdhxrillaph.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.21 grep\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:grep [\u9009\u9879] \u641c\u5bfb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u2f42\u4ef6 \u529f\u80fd:\u5728\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32,\u5c06\u627e\u5230\u7684\u2f8f\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879: -i &#xff1a;\u5ffd\u7565\u2f24\u2f29\u5199\u7684\u4e0d\u540c,\u6240\u4ee5\u2f24\u2f29\u5199\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c -n &#xff1a;\u987a\u4fbf\u8f93\u51fa\u2f8f\u53f7 -v &#xff1a;\u53cd\u5411\u9009\u62e9,\u4ea6\u5373\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709 &#039;\u641c\u5bfb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#039; \u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u90a3\u2f00\u2f8f<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.22 zip\/unzip\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:zip \u538b\u7f29\u2f42\u4ef6.zip \u2f6c\u5f55\u6216\u2f42\u4ef6 \u529f\u80fd:\u5c06\u2f6c\u5f55\u6216\u2f42\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u6210zip\u683c\u5f0f<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879 -r&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406,\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6\u548c\u2f26\u2f6c\u5f55\u2f00\u5e76\u5904\u7406 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"2026-01-13nswnnsnn2fk.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.23 tar\u6307\u4ee4(\u91cd\u8981)<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u6253\u5305\/\u89e3\u5305,\u4e0d\u6253\u5f00\u5b83,\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9 \u8bed\u6cd5:tar [-cxtzjvf] \u2f42\u4ef6\u4e0e\u2f6c\u5f55 \u2026<\/font> \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879 -c &#xff1a;\u5efa\u2f74\u2f00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u4ee4(create \u7684\u610f\u601d) -x &#xff1a;\u89e3\u5f00\u2f00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u4ee4&#xff01; -t &#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b tarfile \u2fa5\u2faf\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6&#xff01; -z &#xff1a;\u662f\u5426\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709 gzip \u7684\u5c5e\u6027&#xff1f;\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u2f64 gzip \u538b\u7f29&#xff1f; -j &#xff1a;\u662f\u5426\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709 bzip2 \u7684\u5c5e\u6027&#xff1f;\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u2f64 bzip2 \u538b\u7f29&#xff1f; -v &#xff1a;\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u2f42\u4ef6&#xff01;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e38\u2f64,\u4f46\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u2f64\u5728\u80cc\u666f\u6267\u2f8f\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff01; -f &#xff1a;\u4f7f\u2f64\u6863\u540d,\u8bf7\u7559\u610f,\u5728 f \u4e4b\u540e\u8981\u2f74\u5373\u63a5\u6863\u540d\u5594&#xff01;\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u52a0\u53c2\u6570&#xff01; -C &#xff1a;\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u2f6c\u5f55 \u4f8b\u5b501\ufe0f\u20e3\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a \/etc \u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e3a \u2018\/tmp\/etc.tar\u2019 <font color=\"#0000cd\">[root&#064;linux ~]$ tar -cvf \/tmp\/etc.tar \/etc&lt;&#061;&#061;\u4ec5\u6253\u5305,\u4e0d\u538b\u7f29&#xff01; [root&#064;linux ~]$ tar -zcvf \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz \/etc&lt;&#061;&#061;\u6253\u5305\u540e,\u4ee5 gzip \u538b\u7f29 [root&#064;linux ~]$ tar -jcvf \/tmp\/etc.tar.bz2 \/etc&lt;&#061;&#061;\u6253\u5305\u540e,\u4ee5 bzip2 \u538b\u7f29<\/font> <font color=\"#006400\">\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f,\u5728\u53c2\u6570 f \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u6863\u540d\u662f\u2f83\u2f30\u53d6\u7684,\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u90fd\u2f64 .tar \u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fa8\u8bc6. \u5982\u679c\u52a0 z \u53c2\u6570,\u5219\u4ee5 .tar.gz \u6216 .tgz \u6765\u4ee3\u8868 gzip \u538b\u7f29\u8fc7\u7684 tar file \u301c \u5982\u679c\u52a0 j \u53c2\u6570,\u5219\u4ee5 .tar.bz2 \u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9644\u6863\u540d\u554a\u301c \u4e0a\u8ff0\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u6267\u2f8f\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u2f00\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u8baf\u606f&#xff1a; \u300e&#096;tar: Removing leading &#096;\/&#034; from member names&#096;\u300f\u90a3\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u5b9a.<\/font> \u4f8b\u5b502\ufe0f\u20e3\u67e5\u9605\u4e0a\u8ff0 \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz \u2f42\u4ef6\u5185\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u2f42\u4ef6&#xff1f; <font color=\"#0000cd\">[root&#064;linux ~]$ tar -ztvf \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz<\/font> <font color=\"#006400\">\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u2f64 gzip \u538b\u7f29,\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u67e5\u9605\u8be5 tar file \u5185\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u65f6,\u5c31\u5f97\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a z \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e86!\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684&#xff01;<\/font> \u4f8b\u5b503\ufe0f\u20e3\u5c06 \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz \u2f42\u4ef6\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u5728 \/usr\/local\/src \u5e95\u4e0b <font color=\"#0000cd\">[root&#064;linux ~]$ cd \/usr\/local\/src [root&#064;linux src]$ tar -zxvf \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz<\/font> <font color=\"#006400\">\u5728\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u6863\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u2f45\u89e3\u5f00\u7684&#xff01;\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4,\u6211\u5148\u5c06\u2f2f\u4f5c\u2f6c\u5f55\u53d8\u6362\u5230\/usr\/local\/src \u5e95\u4e0b,\u5e76\u4e14\u89e3\u5f00 \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz ,\u5219\u89e3\u5f00\u7684\u2f6c\u5f55\u4f1a\u5728 \/usr\/local\/src\/etc \u5462&#xff01;\u53e6\u5916,\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u8fdb\u2f0a \/usr\/local\/src\/etc\u5219\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0,\u8be5\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e \/etc\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u5594&#xff01;<\/font> \u4f8b\u5b504\ufe0f\u20e3\u5728 \/tmp \u5e95\u4e0b,\u6211\u53ea\u60f3\u8981\u5c06 \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz \u5185\u7684 etc\/passwd \u89e3\u5f00\u2f7d\u5df2 <font color=\"#0000cd\">[root&#064;linux ~]$ cd \/tmp [root&#064;linux tmp]$ tar -zxvf \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz etc\/passwd<\/font> <font color=\"#006400\">\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7 tar -ztvf \u6765\u67e5\u9605 tarfile \u5185\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0,\u5982\u679c\u5355\u53ea\u8981\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6,\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2f45\u5f0f\u6765\u4e0b\u8fbe!\u6ce8\u610f\u5230!etc.tar.gz \u5185\u7684\u6839\u2f6c\u5f55 \/ \u662f\u88ab\u62ff\u6389\u4e86&#xff01;<\/font> \u4f8b\u5b505\ufe0f\u20e3\u5c06 \/etc\/ \u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u4e0b\u6765,\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u6743\u9650&#xff01; <font color=\"#0000cd\">[root&#064;linux ~]$ tar -zxvpf \/tmp\/etc.tar.gz \/etc \u8fd9\u4e2a -p \u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684&#xff0c;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u60a8\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u672c\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6&#xff01; \u4f8b\u5b506\ufe0f\u20e3\u5728 \/home \u5f53\u4e2d,\u2f50 2005\/06\/01 \u65b0\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u624d\u5907\u4efd [root&#064;linux ~]$ tar -N \u201c2005\/06\/01\u201d -zcvf home.tar.gz \/home \u4f8b\u5b507\ufe0f\u20e3\u6211\u8981\u5907\u4efd \/home, \/etc ,\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981 \/home\/dmtsai [root&#064;linux ~]$ tar &#8211;exclude \/home\/dmtsai -zcvf myfile.tar.gz \/home\/* \/etc \u4f8b\u5b508\ufe0f\u20e3\u5c06 \/etc\/ \u6253\u5305\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u5f00\u5728 \/tmp \u5e95\u4e0b,\u2f7d\u4e0d\u4ea7\u2f63\u2f42\u4ef6&#xff01; [root&#064;linux ~]$ cd \/tmp [root&#064;linux tmp]$ tar -cvf &#8211; \/etc | tar -xvf &#8211;<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.24 uname \u2012r\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:uname [\u9009\u9879] \u529f\u80fd:uname\u2f64\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7535\u8111\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f. \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e:uname\u53ef\u663e\u2f70linux\u4e3b\u673a\u6240\u2f64\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f.<\/font> \u5e38\u2f64\u9009\u9879: -a\u6216\u2012all \u8be6\u7ec6\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f,\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u540d\u79f0,\u4e3b\u673a\u540d,\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u53f7,\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c,\u786c\u4ef6\u540d,\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7c7b\u578b,\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u7c7b\u578b,\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u540d\u79f0 lsb_release -a&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.25 \u91cd\u8981\u7684\u2f0f\u4e2a\u70ed\u952e<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">[Tab]\u6309\u952e\u2014\u5177\u6709\u300e\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u300f\u548c\u300e\u6863\u6848\u8865\u2eec\u300f\u7684\u529f\u80fd [Ctrl]-c\u6309\u952e\u2014\u8ba9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300e\u505c\u6389\u300f [Ctrl]-d\u6309\u952e\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u7740&#xff1a;\u300e\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u2f0a\u7ed3\u675f(End Of File, EOF \u6212 End OfInput)\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d;\u53e6\u5916,\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u2f64\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3exit<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.26 \u5173\u673a\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u8bed\u6cd5:shutdown [\u9009\u9879]<\/font> \u5e38\u2ec5\u9009\u9879&#xff1a; -h&#xff1a;\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u505c\u6389\u540e,\u2f74\u5373\u5173\u673a. -r&#xff1a;\u5728\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u505c\u6389\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8 -t sec&#xff1a;-t \u540e\u2faf\u52a0\u79d2\u6570,\u4ea6\u5373\u300e\u8fc7\u2f0f\u79d2\u540e\u5173\u673a\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>7.27 \u6269\u5c55\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u767b\u5f55\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;login\u3001shutdown\u3001halt\u3001reboot\u3001install\u3001mount\u3001umount\u3001chsh\u3001exit\u3001last. 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u2f42\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;file\u3001mkdir\u3001grep\u3001dd\u3001find\u3001mv\u3001ls\u3001diff\u3001cat\u3001ln. 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;df\u3001top\u3001free\u3001quota\u3001at\u3001lp\u3001adduser\u3001groupadd\u3001kill\u3001crontab. 4\ufe0f\u20e3\u2f79\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;ifconfig\u3001ip\u3001ping\u3001netstat\u3001telnet\u3001ftp\u3001route\u3001rlogin\u3001rcp\u3001finger\u3001mail\u3001nslookup. 5\ufe0f\u20e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;passwd\u3001su\u3001umask\u3001chgrp\u3001chmod\u3001chown\u3001chattr\u3001sudo ps\u3001who. 6\ufe0f\u20e3\u5176\u5b83\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;tar\u3001unzip\u3001gunzip\u3001unarj\u3001mtools\u3001man\u3001unendcode\u3001uudecode<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>8.shell\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u2f8f\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">Linux\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf,\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6838\u2f3c&#xff08;kernel&#xff09;\u201c ,\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u2f00\u822c\u2f64\u2f3e,\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5 \u4f7f\u2f64kernel.\u2f7d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7kernel\u7684\u201c\u5916\u58f3\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684shell,\u6765\u4e0ekernel\u6c9f\u901a.\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3?\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u2f64kernel?\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u2ec6\u5ea6,Shell\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49:\u547d\u4ee4\u2f8f\u89e3\u91ca\u5668(command Interpreter)<\/font> \u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b&#xff1a; 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u5c06\u4f7f\u2f64\u8005\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ed9\u6838\u2f3c(kernel)\u5904\u7406. 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u540c\u65f6,\u5c06\u6838\u2f3c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ed9\u4f7f\u2f64\u8005. <font color=\"#006400\">\u5bf9\u2f50windows GUI,\u6211\u4eec\u64cd\u4f5cwindows \u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5cwindows\u5185\u6838,\u2f7d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u63a5\u2f1d,\u70b9\u51fb,\u4ece\u2f7d\u5b8c\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c(\u2f50\u5982\u8fdb\u2f0aD\u76d8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c,\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u53cc\u51fbD\u76d8\u76d8\u7b26.\u6216\u8005\u8fd0\u2f8f\u8d77\u6765\u2f00\u4e2a\u5e94\u2f64\u7a0b\u5e8f). shell \u5bf9\u4e8eLinux,\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u2f64,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u2f8f\u89e3\u6790,\u89e3\u6790\u6307\u4ee4\u7ed9Linux\u5185\u6838.\u53cd\u9988\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u2f8f\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c,\u901a\u8fc7shell\u89e3\u6790\u7ed9\u2f64\u2f3e.<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>9.Linux\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u6743\u9650\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236,\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b89\u5168,\u907f\u514d\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c. <font color=\"#006400\">Linux\u4e0b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u2f64\u2f3e:\u8d85\u7ea7\u2f64\u2f3e&#xff08;root&#xff09;\u3001\u666e\u901a\u2f64\u2f3e.<\/font> 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u8d85\u7ea7\u2f64\u2f3e:\u53ef\u4ee5\u518dlinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u666e\u901a\u2f64\u2f3e:\u5728linux\u4e0b\u505a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5. 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u8d85\u7ea7\u2f64\u2f3e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662f\u201c#\u201d,\u666e\u901a\u2f64\u2f3e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662f\u201c$\u201d. <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u547d\u4ee4:su [\u2f64\u2f3e\u540d] \u529f\u80fd:\u5207\u6362\u2f64\u2f3e. \u4f8b\u5982,\u8981\u4eceroot\u2f64\u2f3e\u5207\u6362\u5230\u666e\u901a\u2f64\u2f3euser,\u5219\u4f7f\u2f64 su user. \u8981\u4ece\u666e\u901a\u2f64\u2f3euser\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u2f64\u2f3e\u5219\u4f7f\u2f64 su root(root\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565),\u6b64\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u2f0aroot\u2f64\u2f3e\u7684\u2f1d\u4ee4.<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>9.1\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4f53<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d,\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u5173\u8054\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53,\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c55\u5f00:<\/font> 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff08;User, \u7f29\u5199 u&#xff09; <font color=\"#006400\">\u6307\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650. \u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 chown \u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 chown user1 test.txt \u5c06 test.txt \u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6539\u4e3a user1\u3002 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4&#xff08;Group, \u7f29\u5199 g&#xff09; \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u81f3\u5c11\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4,\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4,\u7ec4\u5185\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u6743\u9650. \u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 chgrp \u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4,\u4f8b\u5982 chgrp group1 test.txt \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3a group1. 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237&#xff08;Other, \u7f29\u5199 o&#xff09; \u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005,\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237,\u6743\u9650\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e2d\u6700\u4f4e\u7684. 4\ufe0f\u20e3\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u4eba&#xff08;All, \u7f29\u5199 a&#xff09; \u5305\u542b u\u3001g\u3001o \u4e09\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53,\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u7528 a \u53ef\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u9650.<\/font><\/p>\n<h3>9.2 \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u9650\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u2f42\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a; d&#xff1a;\u2f42\u4ef6\u5939 -&#xff1a;\u666e\u901a\u2f42\u4ef6 l&#xff1a;\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5(\u7c7b\u4f3cWindows\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u2f45\u5f0f) b&#xff1a;\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u2f42\u4ef6(\u4f8b\u5982\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u9a71\u7b49) p&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053\u2f42\u4ef6 c&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u2f42\u4ef6(\u4f8b\u5982\u5c4f\u5e55\u7b49\u4e32\u2f1d\u8bbe\u5907) s&#xff1a;\u5957\u63a5\u2f1d\u2f42\u4ef6<\/font> Linux \u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 \u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c \u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u9650,\u4e0d\u540c\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6743\u9650\u7b26\u53f7\u6743\u9650\u540d\u79f0\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>r&#xff08;read&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u5982 cat\u3001less \u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 ls \u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w&#xff08;write&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u5982 vim \u7f16\u8f91&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u589e\u5220\u6587\u4ef6\/\u91cd\u547d\u540d&#xff08;\u5982 touch\u3001rm\u3001mv \u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>x&#xff08;execute&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\/\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c&#xff08;\u5982 .\/test.sh&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5982 cd \u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f:\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709 x(\u8fdb\u5165)\u548c r(\u67e5\u770b)\u6743\u9650,\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528ls\u5217\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9;\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709x\u548cw\u6743\u9650,\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6. \u201c\u2014\u201d\u8868\u2f70\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8be5\u9879\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>9.3 \u6743\u9650\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">Linux \u6743\u9650\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6cd5.<\/font> 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5 <font color=\"#006400\">\u683c\u5f0f:[\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u9650][\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6743\u9650][\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650],\u5171 9 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26. \u793a\u4f8b:rwxr-xr&#8211; \u8868\u793a \u6240\u6709\u8005(u):rwx \u2192 \u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4(g):r-x \u2192 \u8bfb\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u65e0\u5199\u6743\u9650 \u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237(o):r&#8211; \u2192 \u4ec5\u8bfb\u6743\u9650 \u65e0\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7528 &#8211; \u586b\u5145. 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6cd5&#xff08;\u516b\u8fdb\u5236&#xff09; \u539f\u7406:\u5c06 r\u3001w\u3001x \u5206\u522b\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u503c,\u6743\u9650\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u6743\u9650\u503c\u4e4b\u548c. r &#061; 4&#xff0c;w &#061; 2&#xff0c;x &#061; 1&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6743\u9650 &#061; 0 \u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f:\u6bcf\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u9650\u503c\u76f8\u52a0,\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210 3 \u4f4d\u6570\u5b57(\u5bf9\u5e94 u\u3001g\u3001o). \u793a\u4f8b: rwx \u2192 4&#043;2&#043;1 &#061; 7 r-x \u2192 4&#043;0&#043;1 &#061; 5 r&#8211; \u2192 4&#043;0&#043;0 &#061; 4 \u56e0\u6b64 rwxr-xr&#8211; \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u4e3a 754.<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>9.4 \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 ls -l \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6743\u9650\u4fe1\u606f,\u793a\u4f8b\u8f93\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-rwxr-xr&#8211; 1 user1 group1  1024  1\u6708 12 10:00 test.sh<br \/>\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 user1 group1  4096  1\u6708 12 11:00 test_dir<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c1\u5217\u7684 10 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26:\u7b2c 1 \u4f4d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b(- \u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;d \u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55),\u540e 9 \u4f4d\u662f\u6743\u9650\u4f4d(\u5bf9\u5e94 u\u3001g\u3001o \u7684 rwx \u7ec4\u5408).\u7b2c 3\u30014 \u5217\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4.<\/p>\n<h3>9.5 \u2f42\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bbe\u7f6e\u2f45\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3 chmod:\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650 \u8bf4\u660e:\u53ea\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u548croot\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650 \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u683c\u5f0f chmod [\u4e3b\u4f53][&#043;\/-\/&#061;][\u6743\u9650] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d &#043;&#xff1a;\u6dfb\u52a0\u6743\u9650 -&#xff1a;\u79fb\u9664\u6743\u9650 &#061;&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u56fa\u5b9a\u6743\u9650 \u793a\u4f8b:chmod u&#043;x test.sh \u2192 \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 \u793a\u4f8b:chmod a-w test.txt \u2192 \u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650 \u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u683c\u5f0f chmod [3\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u793a\u4f8b:chmod 754 test.sh \u2192 \u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u4e3a rwxr-xr&#8211; 2\ufe0f\u20e3 chown:\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005 \u683c\u5f0f:chown [\u65b0\u6240\u6709\u8005]:[\u65b0\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u793a\u4f8b:chown user2:group2 test.txt \u2192 \u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6539\u4e3a user2,\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3a group2 3\ufe0f\u20e3chgrp:\u4fee\u6539\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 \u683c\u5f0f:chgrp [\u53c2\u6570] \u2f64\u2f3e\u7ec4\u540d \u2f42\u4ef6\u540d \u793a\u4f8b:chgrp users \/abc\/f2 4\ufe0f\u20e3umask:\u2460\u67e5\u770b\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u2f42\u4ef6\u63a9\u7801\u2461\u65b0\u5efa\u2f42\u4ef6\u5939\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650&#061;0666\u2462\u65b0\u5efa\u2f6c\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650&#061;0777 \u2463\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f60\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u548c\u2f6c\u5f55,\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u2faf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c.\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684 \u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u8981\u53d7\u5230umask\u7684\u5f71\u54cd.\u5047\u8bbe\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u662fmask,\u5219\u5b9e\u9645\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u662f:mask &amp;~umask \u683c\u5f0f:umask \u6743\u9650\u503c \u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6743\u9650\u51cf\u53bb\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u540e,\u5373\u53ef\u4ea7\u2f63\u5efa\u2f74\u2f42\u4ef6\u65f6\u9884\u8bbe\u6743\u9650.\u8d85\u7ea7\u2f64\u2f3e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63a9\u7801\u503c\u4e3a0022,\u666e\u901a\u2f64\u2f3e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a0002. \u793a\u4f8b:umask 755 umask\u2192\u67e5\u770b. umask 044\u2192\u8bbe\u7f6e 5\ufe0f\u20e3file:\u8fa8\u8bc6\u2f42\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b. \u683c\u5f0f:file [\u9009\u9879] \u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u2f6c\u5f55&#8230; -c:\u8be6\u7ec6\u663e\u2f70\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u2f8f\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6392\u9519\u6216\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u2f8f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62. -z:\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u89e3\u8bfb\u538b\u7f29\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9. \u2460\u4f7f\u2f64sudo\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\u2192\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/sudoers \u2f42\u4ef6\u5206\u914d\u2f42\u4ef6 chmod 740 \/etc\/sudoers vi \/etc\/sudoer \u683c\u5f0f:\u63a5\u53d7\u6743\u9650\u7684\u2f64\u2f3e\u767b\u9646\u7684\u4e3b\u673a &#061;(\u6267\u2f8f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u2f64\u2f3e)\u547d\u4ee4 \u2461\u4f7f\u2f64 sudo \u8c03\u2f64\u6388\u6743\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 &#xff04; sudo -u root \/usr\/sbin\/useradd u2 \u683c\u5f0f:&#xff04; sudo \u2013u \u2f64\u2f3e\u540d \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>9.6\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3\u53ef\u6267\u2f8f\u6743\u9650:\u5982\u679c\u2f6c\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u2f8f\u6743\u9650, \u5219\u2f46\u6cd5cd\u5230\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d. 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u53ef\u8bfb\u6743\u9650:\u5982\u679c\u2f6c\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u8bfb\u6743\u9650, \u5219\u2f46\u6cd5\u2f64ls\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9. 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u53ef\u5199\u6743\u9650:\u5982\u679c\u2f6c\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u5199\u6743\u9650,\u5219\u2f46\u6cd5\u5728\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u2f42\u4ef6,\u4e5f\u2f46\u6cd5\u5728\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u2f42\u4ef6. <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u4e8e\u662f,\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86~~ \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u6765\u8bb2,\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u2f64\u2f3e\u5177\u6709\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650,\u2f64\u2f3e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6,\u2f7d\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2f64\u2f3e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650.\u8fd9\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u592a\u79d1\u5b66\u554a, \u6211\u5f20\u4e09\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6, \u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u4f60\u674e\u56db\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u6389? \u6211\u4eec\u2f64\u4e0b\u2faf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5370\u8bc1\u2f00\u4e0b.<\/font><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ chmod 0777 <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/ <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>ld<br \/>\ndrwxrwxrwx<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> 3 root root 4096 1\u2f49 13 13:00 <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ touch <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/root<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>l <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/<br \/>\n\u603b\u2f64\u91cf 4<br \/>\n<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>rw-r-<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>r-<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> 1 root root 0 1\u2f49 13 13:01 abc<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c<br \/>\ndrwxr-xr-x<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> 27 lisi lisi 4096 1\u2f49 13 13:00 lisi<br \/>\n<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>rw-r-<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>r-<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> 1 root root 0 1\u2f49 13 13:02 root<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ su <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> lisi<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[lisi&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/root<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c <span class=\"token comment\">#lisi\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664root\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span>&#xff1a;\u662f\u5426\u5220\u9664\u6709\u5199\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7a7a\u2f42\u4ef6 <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/home\/root.c&#034;<\/span>&#xff1f;y<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[lisi&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token keyword\">exit<\/span><br \/>\nlogout<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898, Linux\u5f15\u2f0a\u4e86\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ chmod <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span>t <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/ <span class=\"token comment\"># \u52a0\u4e0a\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>ld <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/<br \/>\ndrwxrwxrwt<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> 3 root root 4096 1\u2f49 13 13:21 <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[root&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ su <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> lisi<br \/>\n<span class=\"token namespace\">[lisi&#064;localhost ~]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>home\/abc<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c <span class=\"token comment\">#litao\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u522b\u2f08\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span>&#xff1a;\u662f\u5426\u5220\u9664\u6709\u5199\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7a7a\u2f42\u4ef6 <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/home\/abc.c&#034;<\/span>&#xff1f;y<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span>: \u2f46\u6cd5\u5220\u9664<span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/home\/abc.c&#034;<\/span>: \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>9.7 \u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d<\/h3>\n<p>\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d(Sticky Bit)\u662f Linux \u4e2d\u4e09\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u4e4b\u4e00,\u4ec5\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u751f\u6548,\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u88ab\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5220\u9664,\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u4eba\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u5f55(\u5982 \/tmp). 1\ufe0f\u20e3\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528 <font color=\"#0000cd\">\u5728 Linux \u4e2d,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,\u82e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237(o) \u5f00\u653e\u4e86\u5199\u6743\u9650(w),\u90a3\u4e48\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6,\u65e0\u8bba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005. \u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a; \u5f53\u76ee\u5f55\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u540e,\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a; \u2460\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005 \u2461\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005 \u2462\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458root \u7528\u6237 2\ufe0f\u20e3\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f \u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f,\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u9650(rwx)\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528. \u2460\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5 \u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u662ft,\u5360\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237(o) \u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650(x) \u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1a; \u82e5\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650(x),\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e3a t(\u5c0f\u5199) \u82e5\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650(x),\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e3a T(\u5927\u5199)<\/font><\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6743\u9650\u793a\u4f8b\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>rwxrwxrwt<\/td>\n<td>\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6709 x \u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u751f\u6548&#xff08;\u663e\u793a t&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>rwxrwxrwT<\/td>\n<td>\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u65e0 x \u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a T&#xff08;\u5b9e\u9645\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u9650&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><font color=\"#0000cd\">\u63d0\u793a:\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 x \u6743\u9650\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u57fa\u7840,\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684 x \u6743\u9650,\u5373\u663e\u793a\u4e3a t. \u2461\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6cd5 Linux \u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u5e94\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u503c&#xff0c;\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4e3a 1,\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4e3a&#xff1a; SUID(Set User ID):4 SGID(Set Group ID):2 \u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d(Sticky Bit):1 \u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6743\u9650\u65f6,\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u503c\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u9650\u4e09\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u524d\u9762,\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a [\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u503c][\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u9650\u503c]. \u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a; 1777 \u2192 \u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d(1),\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u9650\u4e3a rwxrwxrwx 1755 \u2192 \u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d(1),\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u9650\u4e3a rwxr-xr-x 3\ufe0f\u20e3\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u53d6\u6d88 \u4f7f\u7528 chmod \u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d,\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a; \u2460\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d&#xff1a;chmod o&#043;t \u76ee\u5f55\u540d \u793a\u4f8b:\u7ed9 public_dir \u76ee\u5f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d chmod o&#043;t public_dir 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