{"id":58305,"date":"2025-08-16T07:55:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T23:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58305.html"},"modified":"2025-08-16T07:55:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T23:55:09","slug":"linux%e4%b8%8b%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88epoll_udp%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58305.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u4e0b\u9ad8\u6548epoll_udp\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u5229\u7528epoll\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u7684udp\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86epoll\u7684LT\u548cET\u6a21\u5f0f，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406epoll\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5904\u7406UDP\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u4f18\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd，\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \"epoll\" <\/p>\n

1. Linux\u4e0b\u7684epoll\u673a\u5236\u4ecb\u7ecd <\/h2>\n

Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684epoll\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u673a\u5236，\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684select\u548cpoll\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u6bd4，epoll\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002epoll\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6765\u76d1\u542c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u901a\u77e5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8epoll\u4e4b\u524d，\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u548cI\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002I\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u5141\u8bb8\u5355\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u76d1\u89c6\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u7eea，\u5373\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u53ef\u5199\u6216\u51fa\u9519\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00epoll\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\n#include <sys\/epoll.h>
\n#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

int main() {
\n int epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0); \/\/ \u521b\u5efaepoll\u5b9e\u4f8b
\n if (epoll_fd == -1) {
\n perror("epoll_create1");
\n return 1;
\n }
\n struct epoll_event event;
\n event.data.fd = \/* \u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 *\/;
\n event.events = EPOLLIN; \/\/ \u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b：\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n

if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, \/* \u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 *\/, &event) == -1) {
\n perror("epoll_ctl");
\n return 1;
\n }
\n int nfds = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, \/* \u5b58\u50a8\u5c31\u7eea\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4 *\/, \/* \u6700\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6570 *\/, \/* \u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4 *\/);
\n if (nfds == -1) {
\n perror("epoll_wait");
\n return 1;
\n }
\n for (int n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
\n struct epoll_event *e = \/* \u83b7\u53d6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f *\/;
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6…
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7ae0\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u5bf9epoll\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u4f7f\u7528epoll\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60epoll\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u539f\u7406，\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. UDP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u5e94\u7528 <\/h2>\n

2.1 UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f <\/h3>\n

2.1.1 UDP\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5 <\/h4>\n

\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae（UDP）\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u5957\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3002\u4e0eTCP（\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae）\u4e0d\u540c，UDP\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002UDP\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7279\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5，\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

UDP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u6210UDP\u6bb5，\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c01\u88c5\u6210IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aUDP\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5\u6307\u660e\u4e86UDP\u6bb5\u7684\u603b\u957f\u5ea6（\u5305\u62ec\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u6570\u636e），\u800c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.2 \u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8981\u6c42 <\/h4>\n

\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528，\u5982\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u901a\u8bdd\u7b49，\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e，\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u6296\u52a8\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u3002UDP\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4e3a\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u7136\u800c，UDP\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u4fdd\u8bc1，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u4e71\u5e8f，\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.2 UDP\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b <\/h3>\n

2.2.1 \u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848 <\/h4>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d，\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4e22\u5305\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565： <\/p>\n

  • \u4f7f\u7528RTP\u534f\u8bae ：\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae（RTP）\u4e13\u4e3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u5728UDP\u4e4b\u4e0a，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u7b49\u673a\u5236，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565 ：\u5c3d\u7ba1UDP\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236，\u4f46\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5173\u952e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f20\u8f93\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519（FEC） ：\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u81ea\u884c\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e，\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u4f20\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/li>\n

    2.2.2 UDP\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b <\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u89c6\u9891\u76f4\u64ad\u9886\u57df，UDP\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eRTMP\u3001HLS\u7b49\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u9700\u8981\u6781\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u800c\u4e22\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519\u6765\u5bb9\u5fcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4f7f\u7528WebRTC\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u901a\u8bdd\u5e94\u7528，\u5229\u7528UDP\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u884c\u4e1a，UDP\u540c\u6837\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236，\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4e22\u5931，\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u4ea4\u6362\u6e38\u620f\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u5c0f，\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n

    graph LR
    \n A[\u6e38\u620f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef] –>|\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0| B(UDP\u534f\u8bae)
    \n B –>|\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5305| C[\u6e38\u620f\u670d\u52a1\u5668]
    \n C –>|\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4| A
    \n C –>|\u91cd\u4f20| A<\/p>\n

    UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5185\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669，\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7b56\u7565\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0bepoll\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u52bf，\u5b83\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5e76\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3. epoll\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h2>\n

    3.1 epoll\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u4f18\u52bf <\/h3>\n

    3.1.1 I\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f\u56de\u987e <\/h4>\n

    I\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u542c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26（File Descriptors, FDs）\u7684\u6280\u672f，\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u4e3a\u201d\u5c31\u7eea\u201d\u72b6\u6001，\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u5355\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5，\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u80fd\u529b，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u91cf，\u964d\u4f4e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728Linux\u4e2d，I\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684select\/poll\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u968f\u7740\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0，select\/poll\u56e0\u5176\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898，Linux\u5728\u5185\u68382.6\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86epoll，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027，\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9996\u9009\u6280\u672f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.1.2 epoll\u4e0eselect\u3001poll\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83 <\/h4>\n

    epoll\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684select\u548cpoll\u673a\u5236\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4f18\u52bf，\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728： <\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528 ：select\u548cpoll\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6574\u4e2a\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408，\u800cepoll\u4ec5\u8fd4\u56de\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，epoll\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u548cCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u5c11\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u6027\u80fd ：select\u548cpoll\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u65f6，\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u4e25\u91cd，epoll\u5219\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd，\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027 ：\u7531\u4e8eepoll\u7684\u9ad8\u6548，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u800cselect\u548cpoll\u5219\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u7a0d\u591a\u65f6\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u6c34\u5e73\u89e6\u53d1\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u89e6\u53d1 ：epoll\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6c34\u5e73\u89e6\u53d1（Level-Triggered, LT）\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u89e6\u53d1（Edge-Triggered, ET）\u4e24\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002ET\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u53ea\u901a\u77e5\u4e00\u6b21，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3.2 epoll\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406 <\/h3>\n

      3.2.1 epoll_create\u548cepoll_ctl\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

      epoll\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5206\u522b\u662f epoll_create \u3001 epoll_ctl \u548c epoll_wait \u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5： <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        epoll_create ：\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aepoll\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26（epoll fd）\u3002 c int epoll_create(int size); \u53c2\u6570 size \u662fepoll\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a，\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9650\u5236epoll fd\u80fd\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        epoll_ctl ：\u7528\u4e8e\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u5220\u9664\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002 c int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event); \u5176\u4e2d epfd \u662fepoll\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26， op \u6307\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b（\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5220\u9664）， fd \u662f\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26， event \u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53，\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230epoll\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u542c： <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        ```c struct epoll_event ev; int epfd = epoll_create(10); \/\/ \u521b\u5efaepoll\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u63d0\u793a\u76d1\u542c10\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 <\/p>\n

        if (epfd == -1) { perror(\u201cepoll_create\u201d); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } <\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b，\u8fd9\u91cc\u76d1\u542c\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6 ev.events = EPOLLIN; ev.data.fd = sockfd; \/\/ sockfd \u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 <\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5c06sockfd \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230epoll\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d if (epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev) == -1) { perror(\u201cepoll_ctl: sockfd\u201d); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } ``` <\/p>\n

        3.2.2 \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406epoll_wait\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6 <\/h4>\n

        epoll_wait \u662fepoll\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u51fd\u6570，\u5b83\u963b\u585e\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u76f4\u5230\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u53d1\u751fI\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u6765\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n

          \n
        • epoll_wait ：\u7b49\u5f85epoll\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3002 c int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout); \u53c2\u6570 epfd \u662fepoll\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26， events \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4，\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u53ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b， maxevents \u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf， timeout \u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406epoll_wait\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6： <\/p>\n

          #define MAX_EVENTS 10<\/p>\n

          struct epoll_event ev, events[MAX_EVENTS];
          \nint nfds, epfd;<\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316epoll\u5b9e\u4f8b
          \nepfd = epoll_create(10);<\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f
          \nnfds = epoll_wait(epfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);<\/p>\n

          for (int n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
          \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6
          \n int fd = events[n].data.fd;
          \n \/\/ \u6839\u636e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406，\u4f8b\u5982\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5904\u7406\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6
          \n if (events[n].events & EPOLLIN) {
          \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6
          \n }
          \n \/\/ …\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
          \n}<\/p>\n

          \u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b（\u5982EPOLLIN\u8868\u793a\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb，EPOLLOUT\u8868\u793a\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5199\u7b49）\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5904\u7406，\u5e76\u4ece\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u3002 <\/p>\n

          epoll\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528epoll\u6765\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

          4. \u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b56\u7565 <\/h2>\n

          4.1 \u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u9009\u578b <\/h3>\n

          4.1.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b <\/h4>\n

          \u5728\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd： <\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b ：\u6bcf\u5f53\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5c31\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b80\u5355，\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8，\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f00\u9500\u5927\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b ：\u4e0e\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u800c\u975e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7，\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u5c0f，\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5bf9\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • \u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b ：\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u5355\u4e2a\u6216\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            4.1.2 \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565 <\/h4>\n

            \u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u5145\u8db3，\u4e14\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u8981\u6c42，\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u6216\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u3002 <\/p>\n

            4.2 \u57fa\u4e8eepoll\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h3>\n

            4.2.1 \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u4f18\u5316 <\/h4>\n

            \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u673a\u5236，\u80fd\u591f\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u8fde\u63a5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eepoll\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

            import socket
            \nimport select<\/p>\n

            class ConnectionPool:
            \n def __init__(self):
            \n self.pool = {}
            \n self.sockets = []
            \n def new_socket(self, addr):
            \n sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            \n sock.setblocking(False)
            \n sock.connect(addr)
            \n self.sockets.append(sock)
            \n self.pool[sock.fileno()] = sock
            \n def ready_to_read(self):
            \n readable, _, _ = select.select(self.sockets, [], [])
            \n for sock in readable:
            \n fileno = sock.fileno()
            \n if sock in self.pool:
            \n self.pool[fileno] = sock.recv(1024)
            \n else:
            \n sock.close()
            \n self.sockets.remove(sock)<\/p>\n

            4.2.2 \u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c <\/h4>\n

            \u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5185\u5b58\u548cCPU\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e，\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528epoll\u7684\u9ad8\u6548I\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u80fd\u529b，\u90fd\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9： <\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u548cepoll\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/li>\n
            • \u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5408\u7406\u7684\u56de\u6536\u7b56\u7565，\u51cf\u5c11\u65e0\u6548\u8fde\u63a5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002 <\/li>\n
            • \u4f7f\u7528C10K（\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e07\u6761\u8fde\u63a5）\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u6210\u719f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848，\u5982nginx\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b，\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u548c\u8c03\u4f18\u624b\u6bb5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387，\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

              5. \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528 <\/h2>\n

              5.1 \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u539f\u7406 <\/h3>\n

              5.1.1 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

              \u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u62f7\u8d1d\u624d\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5： <\/p>\n

            • \u786c\u76d8\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a ：\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002 <\/li>\n
            • \u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a ：\u7136\u540e，\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002 <\/li>\n
            • \u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a7a\u95f4 ：\u6700\u540e，\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002 <\/li>\n

              \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5927\u91cfCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c24\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002 <\/p>\n

              5.1.2 \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u597d\u5904 <\/h4>\n

              \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u62f7\u8d1d，\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u9012，\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11CPU\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u597d\u5904： <\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u51cf\u5c11CPU\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 ：\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86CPU\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002 <\/li>\n
              • \u964d\u4f4e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362 ：\u7531\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002 <\/li>\n
              • \u63d0\u9ad8I\/O\u6027\u80fd ：\u7531\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u62f7\u8d1d\u64cd\u4f5c，I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210，\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                5.2 \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u5728UDP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h3>\n

                5.2.1 \u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528 <\/h4>\n

                Linux\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u4f8b\u5982 sendfile() \u548c splice() \u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  \n
                • sendfile() ： sendfile() \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u9001\u65f6，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  #include <sys\/sendfile.h>
                  \n#include <unistd.h>
                  \n#include <fcntl.h><\/p>\n

                  \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26in_fd\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5957\u63a5\u5b57out_fd
                  \noff_t offset = 0;
                  \nsize_t count = 4096;
                  \nssize_t sent_bytes = sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, &offset, count);
                  \nif (sent_bytes == -1) {
                  \n perror("sendfile");
                  \n}<\/p>\n

                  5.2.2 \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b <\/h4>\n

                  \u5728UDP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u6d41，\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u4f8b\u5982\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  \u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u9891\u76f4\u64ad\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387： <\/p>\n

                • \u89c6\u9891\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6 ：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6\u89c6\u9891\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 <\/li>\n
                • \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u4f20\u8f93 ：\u5229\u7528 sendfile() \u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 <\/li>\n
                • \u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd ：\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684I\/O\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565，\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/li>\n

                  \u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86CPU\u7684\u4f7f\u7528，\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387，\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7528\u6237\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  6. \u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h2>\n

                  \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u3002\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  6.1 \u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h3>\n

                  6.1.1 \u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027 <\/h4>\n

                  \u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ecd\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u91cf，\u9632\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6d88\u8017\u5bfc\u81f4\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u672a\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u8017\u5c3d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90，\u5982CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58，\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u751a\u81f3\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6b7b\u9501，\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  6.1.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u5de5\u5177 <\/h4>\n

                  \u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a： <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\/\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60： \u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\/\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u548c\u590d\u7528，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u5f00\u9500\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf（Semaphore）： \u63a7\u5236\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • \u6f0f\u6876（Leaky Bucket）\u548c\u4ee4\u724c\u6876（Token Bucket）\u7b97\u6cd5： \u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u901f\u7387\u6765\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • \u9650\u6d41（Rate Limiting）： \u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982 ulimit \u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/security\/limits.conf \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93，\u5982Go\u8bed\u8a00\u7684 golang.org\/x\/time\/rate \u6216Python\u7684 ratelimit \u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

                    6.2 \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316 <\/h3>\n

                    \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4f7f\u7528，\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8IO\u7b49\u7684\u7ba1\u7406，\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

                    6.2.1 \u52a8\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

                    \u52a8\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b，\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d，\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u6216\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528cgroups（control groups）\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u3002cgroups\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u9694\u79bb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8IO\u7b49）\u3002 <\/p>\n

                    6.2.2 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h4>\n

                    \u8981\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406，\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177： <\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Prometheus： \u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8b66\u62a5\u5de5\u5177\u5305，\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/li>\n
                    • Grafana： \u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5957\u4ef6，\u4e0ePrometheus\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u56fe\u8868\u3002 <\/li>\n
                    • Nagios： \u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177，\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u9762，\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5982Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684 runtime.GOMAXPROCS() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u5927CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570，\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u548c\u5229\u7528\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6548\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      import "runtime"<\/p>\n

                      func main() {
                      \n \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u4e3a2
                      \n runtime.GOMAXPROCS(2)
                      \n}<\/p>\n

                      \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236，\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u80fd，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      7. \u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h2>\n

                      \u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u77ed\u6682\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u5982UDP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5b83\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017，\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      7.1 \u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h3>\n

                      7.1.1 \u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u533a\u522b <\/h4>\n

                      \u5728\u540c\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u5b8c\u6210，\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u54cd\u5e94\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      \u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u5219\u4e0d\u540c，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5355\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u7ef4\u6301\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      7.1.2 \u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u5728UDP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf <\/h4>\n

                      \u7531\u4e8eUDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7279\u6027，\u5b83\u5929\u7136\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002UDP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u51c6\u5907\u63a5\u6536\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u77ed\u6682\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4，\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u76f4\u64ad\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      7.2 \u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1 <\/h3>\n

                      7.2.1 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

                      \u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u542c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6（\u5982\u7f51\u7edcIO\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b49），\u5f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6，\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      \u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u9700\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u53bb\u5904\u7406，\u4ece\u800c\u6781\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      7.2.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u5e93 <\/h4>\n

                      \u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u672f\u6846\u67b6\u6709Node.js\u3001libuv\u3001Boost.Asio\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684API\u548c\u5de5\u5177，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      \u4ee5Node.js\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Chrome V8 JavaScript\u5f15\u64ce，\u5e76\u4e14\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86libuv\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97Node.js\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b：\u4f7f\u7528Node.js\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f02\u6b65HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668
                      \nconst http = require('http');<\/p>\n

                      http.createServer((req, res) => {
                      \n res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text\/plain'});
                      \n res.end('Hello World');
                      \n}).listen(3000);<\/p>\n

                      console.log('Server running at http:\/\/localhost:3000\/');<\/p>\n

                      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， createServer \u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u4f1a\u5f02\u6b65\u5730\u6267\u884c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002Node.js\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      \u603b\u7ed3 <\/h3>\n

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