{"id":58038,"date":"2025-08-16T00:49:57","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T16:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58038.html"},"modified":"2025-08-16T00:49:57","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T16:49:57","slug":"%e4%bf%a1%e5%8f%b7%e9%87%8f%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58038.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/h2>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9501\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b83\u3002\u5728 POSIX \u6807\u51c6\u4e2d，\u662fsem_wait()\u548c sem_post()\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u884c\u4e3a，\u6240\u4ee5\u9996\u5148\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf，\u624d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n

sem_wait()\u8981\u4e48\u7acb\u523b\u8fd4\u56de（\u8c03\u7528 sem_wait()\u65f6，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e1），\u8981\u4e48\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8c03\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6302\u8d77，\u76f4\u5230\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2apost\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u7136，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u8c03\u7528sem_wait()，\u56e0\u6b64\u90fd\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u3002<\/p>\n

sem_post()\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u589e\u52a0\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c，\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5524\u9192\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e，\u5f53\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\u65f6，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005，\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u503c\u5f97\u4e86\u89e3，\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u503c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf（\u9501）<\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e3a1，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5f53\u4f5c\u9501\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

sem_t<\/span> m;<\/span>
\nsem_init<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>m,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ initialize semaphore to X; what should X be? <\/span><\/p>\n

sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>m)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n\/\/ critical section here <\/span>
\nsem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>m)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n

sem_t<\/span> s;<\/span> <\/p>\n

void<\/span> *<\/span>
\nchild<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span> *<\/span>arg)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"child\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>s)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ signal here: child is done <\/span>
\n return<\/span> NULL<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> <\/p>\n

int<\/span>
\nmain<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv[<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n sem_init<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>s,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ what should X be? <\/span>
\n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"parent: begin\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n pthread_t<\/span> c;<\/span>
\n Pthread_create<\/span>(<\/span>c,<\/span> NULL<\/span>,<\/span> child,<\/span> NULL<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>s)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ wait here for child <\/span>
\n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"parent: end\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u628a\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\u65f6，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7528\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u754c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

\u5148\u7ed9\u51faput\u548cget\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

#<\/span>define<\/span> MAX<\/span> 0xff<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> buffer[<\/span>MAX]<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> fill =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\nint<\/span> use =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> put<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> value)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n buffer[<\/span>fill]<\/span> =<\/span> value;<\/span>
\n fill =<\/span> fill +<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> tmp =<\/span> buffer[<\/span>use]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n use =<\/span> (<\/span>use +<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span> %<\/span> MAX;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> tmp;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

sem_t<\/span> empty;<\/span>
\nsem_t<\/span> full;<\/span>
\nsem_t<\/span> mutex;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span>*<\/span> producer<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span>*<\/span> arg)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> loops;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>empty)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mutex)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n put<\/span>(<\/span>i)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mutex)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>full)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span>*<\/span> consumer<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span>*<\/span> arg)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> i,<\/span> tmp =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n while<\/span> (<\/span>tmp !=<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>full)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mutex)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n tmp =<\/span> get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mutex)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>empty)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n prirntf<\/span>(<\/span>"%d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> tmp)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n sem_init<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>empty,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> MAX)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_init<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>full,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_init<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mutex,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u8005-\u5199\u8005\u9501<\/h3>\n

typedef<\/span> struct<\/span> _rwlock_t<\/span> {<\/span>
\n sem_t<\/span> lock;<\/span> \/\/ binary semaphore (basic lock) <\/span>
\n sem_t<\/span> writelock;<\/span> \/\/ used to allow ONE writer or MANY readers <\/span>
\n int<\/span> readers;<\/span> \/\/ count of readers reading in critical section <\/span>
\n}<\/span> rwlock_t<\/span>;<\/span> <\/p>\n

void<\/span> rwlock_init<\/span>(<\/span>rwlock_t<\/span> *<\/span>rw)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n rw-><\/span>readers =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_init<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>lock,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sem_init<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>writelock,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> <\/p>\n

void<\/span> rwlock_acquire_readlock<\/span>(<\/span>rwlock_t<\/span> *<\/span>rw)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>lock)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n rw-><\/span>readers++<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>rw-><\/span>readers ==<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>writelock)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ first reader acquires writelock <\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>lock)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> <\/p>\n

void<\/span> rwlock_release_readlock<\/span>(<\/span>rwlock_t<\/span> *<\/span>rw)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>lock)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n rw-><\/span>readers—<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>rw-><\/span>readers ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>writelock)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ last reader releases writelock <\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>lock)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> <\/p>\n

void<\/span> rwlock_acquire_writelock<\/span>(<\/span>rwlock_t<\/span> *<\/span>rw)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n sem_wait<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>writelock)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> <\/p>\n

void<\/span> rwlock_release_writelock<\/span>(<\/span>rwlock_t<\/span> *<\/span>rw)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n sem_post<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>rw-><\/span>writelock)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u9910\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u662f：\u5047\u5b9a\u6709 5 \u4f4d\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u56f4\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u684c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e24\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u628a\u9910\u53c9（\u4e00\u5171 5 \u628a）\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u65f6\u8981\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4f1a，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9910\u53c9；\u6709\u65f6\u53c8\u8981\u5c31\u9910\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u5de6\u624b\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u624b\u8fb9\u7684\u4e24\u628a\u9910\u53c9，\u624d\u80fd\u5403\u5230\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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