{"id":58035,"date":"2025-08-16T00:29:41","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T16:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58035.html"},"modified":"2025-08-16T00:29:41","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T16:29:41","slug":"%e9%94%81%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58035.html","title":{"rendered":"\u9501\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9501<\/h2>\n

\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u9501\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9501\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3<\/h3>\n

\u9501\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u9501\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684，\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u9501，\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684，\u8868\u793a\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u9501，\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u533a（\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u7801）\u3002<\/p>\n

Pthread\u9501<\/h3>\n

POSIX\u5e93\u5c06\u9501\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf（mutex），\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a，\u5b83\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f4\u5230\u672c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u79bb\u5f00\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9501<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u5e94\u5f53\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002\u53e6\u5916，\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u4fdd\u8bc1\u516c\u5e73\u6027，\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u62a2\u5230\u9501\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9501\u65f6\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u5230\u62a2\u9501\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u70b9，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u65ad<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5173\u95ed\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4e3a\u5355\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362（\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e）<\/h4>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u65ad\u65e0\u5728\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c，\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba9\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u9501\u3002\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u5c31\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4（test-and-set instruction），\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

typedef<\/span> struct<\/span> lock_t<\/span> {<\/span> int<\/span> flag;<\/span> }<\/span> lock_t<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> init<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> mutex)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n mutex-><\/span>flag =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> lock<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> mutex)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n while<\/span> (<\/span>mutex-><\/span>flag ==<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span>
\n ;<\/span> \/\/\u9501\u88ab\u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5360\u7528，\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9677\u5165\u81ea\u65cb<\/span><\/p>\n

mutex-><\/span>flag =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> unlock<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> mutex)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n mutex-><\/span>flag =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684，\u9996\u5148\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u8ba9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，\u5f53\u7ebf\u7a0b1\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9501\u65f6（\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e），\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e2d\u65ad\u5207\u6362\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b2，\u968f\u540e\u7ebf\u7a0b2\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u6b64\u65f6\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u65ad\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b1\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bed\u53e5，\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765，\u5c31\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6301\u6709\u9501\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a，\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6301\u6709\u7684\u9501\u65f6，\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u81ea\u65cb，\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u8bb8\u591aCPU\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9501，\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6761\u786c\u4ef6\u6307\u4ee4\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728x86\u4e0a\u662fxchg\u6307\u4ee4（\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362）\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

int<\/span> TestAndSet<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>*<\/span> old_ptr,<\/span> int<\/span> new)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> old =<\/span> *<\/span>old_ptr;<\/span>
\n *<\/span>old_ptr =<\/span> new;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> old;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u5730\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

typedef<\/span> struct<\/span> lock_t<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> flag;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> lock_t<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> init<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> lock)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n lock-><\/span>flag =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> lock<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> lock)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n while<\/span> (<\/span>TestAndSet<\/span>(<\/span>lock,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n ;<\/span>\/\/\u81ea\u65cb<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> unlock<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> lock)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n lock-><\/span>flag =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u4ea4\u6362<\/h4>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u4ea4\u6362\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

int<\/span> CompareAndSwap<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> *<\/span>ptr,<\/span> int<\/span> expected,<\/span> int<\/span> new)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> actual =<\/span> *<\/span>ptr;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>actual ==<\/span> expected)<\/span>
\n *<\/span>ptr =<\/span> new;<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> actual;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

int<\/span> LoadLinked<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>*<\/span> ptr)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n return<\/span> *<\/span>ptr;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> StoreConditional<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>*<\/span> ptr,<\/span> int<\/span> value)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>no one has updated *<\/span>ptr since the LoadLinked to this address)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n *<\/span>ptr =<\/span> value;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n else<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u589e\u52a0<\/h4>\n

int<\/span> FetchAndAdd<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> *<\/span>ptr)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> old =<\/span> *<\/span>ptr;<\/span>
\n *<\/span>ptr =<\/span> old +<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> old;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

typedef<\/span> struct<\/span> lock_t<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> ticket;<\/span>
\n int<\/span> turn;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> lock_t<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> lock_init<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span> *<\/span>lock)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n lock-><\/span>ticket =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n lock-><\/span>turn =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> lock<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> lock)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span> myturn =<\/span> FetchAndAdd<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>lock-><\/span>ticket)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n while<\/span> (<\/span>lock-><\/span>turn !=<\/span> myturn)<\/span>
\n ;<\/span> \/\/spin<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> unlock<\/span>(<\/span>lock_t<\/span>*<\/span> lock)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n FetchAndAdd<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>lock-><\/span>turn)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u81ea\u65cb\u65f6\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5f03CPU，\u4ece\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u63a7\u5236\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u65f6\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u62a2\u5230\u9501，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u4ee5\u53ca\u997f\u6b7b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u6b64，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u4fdd\u5b58\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u961f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9501\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u65f6\u4f11\u7720\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5728\u9501\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u4ece\u961f\u5934\u4e2d\u5524\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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