{"id":58027,"date":"2025-08-16T00:10:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T16:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58027.html"},"modified":"2025-08-16T00:10:11","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T16:10:11","slug":"linux-%e5%91%8a%e5%88%ab%e7%b9%81%e7%90%90%ef%bc%81%e8%a7%a3%e9%94%81-ssh-config-%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e7%a5%9e%e4%bb%99%e7%94%a8%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/58027.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux: \u544a\u522b\u7e41\u7410\uff01\u89e3\u9501 SSH `config` \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u795e\u4ed9\u7528\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08，SSH \u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5b83\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u5728\u624b\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u957f\u957f\u7684 ssh \u547d\u4ee4，\u6bd4\u5982 ssh -p 2222 -i ~\/.ssh\/my_key user@192.168.1.101？\u5982\u679c\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u6570\u5341\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u767e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b，\u800c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929，\u6211\u5c06\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u89e3\u9501 ~\/.ssh\/config \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u914d\u7f6e，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a ssh myserver，\u8fd8\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8df3\u677f\u673a（\u5821\u5792\u673a）\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd，\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3002\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u8ba4\u8bc6 .ssh\/config \u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

SSH \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f：<\/p>\n

  • \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879<\/li>\n
  • \u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 ~\/.ssh\/config<\/li>\n
  • \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/ssh\/ssh_config<\/li>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u610f\u5473\u7740，\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 ~\/.ssh\/config \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e，\u800c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355，\u7531\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u7ec4\u6210，\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u6216 = \u5206\u9694\u3002 \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6309 Host \u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7，\u6bcf\u4e2a Host \u5757\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

    # \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u91ca
    \nHost <\u522b\u540d>
    \n HostName <\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216IP>
    \n User <\u7528\u6237\u540d>
    \n Port <\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7>
    \n # \u66f4\u591a\u914d\u7f6e…<\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e：\u5316\u7e41\u4e3a\u7b80\u7684\u827a\u672f<\/h4>\n

    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb，\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5197\u957f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53d8\u5f97\u4f18\u96c5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\u522b\u540d<\/h5>\n

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u5f00\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • IP\u5730\u5740: 198.51.100.1<\/li>\n
    • \u7528\u6237: dev<\/li>\n
    • \u7aef\u53e3: 10022<\/li>\n
    • \u79c1\u94a5: ~\/.ssh\/dev_key<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165：ssh -p 10022 -i ~\/.ssh\/dev_key dev@198.51.100.1\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u73b0\u5728，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 ~\/.ssh\/config \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d（\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa）\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

      Host dev-server
      \n HostName 198.51.100.1
      \n User dev
      \n Port 10022
      \n IdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/dev_key<\/p>\n

      \u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6761\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

      ssh<\/span> dev-server<\/p>\n

      \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u77ac\u95f4\u6e05\u723d\u4e86\u5f88\u591a？<\/p>\n

      \u5e38\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790<\/h5>\n
        \n
      • Host: \u5b9a\u4e49\u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u7684\u5f00\u59cb，\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f（\u522b\u540d）\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26，\u5982 * \u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a，? \u5339\u914d\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n
      • HostName: \u6307\u5b9a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
      • User: \u6307\u5b9a\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n
      • Port: \u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a22\u3002<\/li>\n
      • IdentityFile: \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u79c1\u94a5，SSH\u4f1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n
      • IdentitiesOnly: \u8bbe\u4e3a yes \u65f6，SSH\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528 IdentityFile \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1，\u5373\u4f7f ssh-agent \u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fc7\u591a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7：\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6548\u7387\u500d\u589e\u5668<\/h4>\n

        \u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u770b\u770b\u51e0\u4e2a\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6548\u7387\u7ffb\u500d\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6280\u5de7\u4e00：\u901a\u8fc7\u8df3\u677f\u673a（Bastion Host）\u65e0\u7f1d\u8fde\u63a5<\/h5>\n

        \u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651，\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u767b\u5f55\u4e00\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u8df3\u677f\u673a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5821\u5792\u673a\u201d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u518d\u4ece\u8df3\u677f\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 ProxyJump \u6307\u4ee4（\u9700\u8981 OpenSSH 7.3+ \u7248\u672c）\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5047\u8bbe\u67b6\u6784\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u5730\u673a\u5668 -> \u8df3\u677f\u673a (bastion) -> \u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668 (internal-app)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          # \u8df3\u677f\u673a\u914d\u7f6e
          \nHost bastion
          \n HostName bastion.example.com
          \n User jumpuser
          \n IdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/bastion_key<\/p>\n

          # \u5185\u90e8\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e
          \nHost internal-app
          \n HostName 10.0.1.10
          \n User app_admin
          \n ProxyJump bastion
          \n IdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/internal_key<\/p>\n

          \u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u673a\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c ssh internal-app，SSH \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5148\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 bastion，\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5230 internal-app \u7684\u96a7\u9053\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e，\u5c31\u50cf\u76f4\u8fde\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 OpenSSH，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ProxyCommand \u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd，\u4f46\u914d\u7f6e\u7a0d\u663e\u590d\u6742：<\/p>\n

          Host internal-app
          \n HostName 10.0.1.10
          \n User app_admin
          \n ProxyCommand ssh bastion -W %h:%p<\/p>\n

          \u4e0b\u9762\u662f ProxyJump \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe：
          \n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

          \u6280\u5de7\u4e8c：\u4f7f\u7528 ControlMaster \u590d\u7528\u8fde\u63a5<\/h5>\n

          \u5927\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u573a\u666f：\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u9700\u8981\u518d\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u6267\u884c scp \u6216 rsync \u547d\u4ee4，\u7ed3\u679c\u53c8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u4f73\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u8017\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

          ControlMaster \u529f\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u540e\u7eed\u7684 SSH \u8fde\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5，\u4ece\u800c\u8df3\u8fc7\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u73af\u8282，\u5b9e\u73b0\u79d2\u5f00\u65b0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5728 ~\/.ssh\/config \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e，\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u5f00\u542f\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528：<\/p>\n

          Host *
          \n ControlMaster auto
          \n ControlPath ~\/.ssh\/sockets\/%r@%h:%p
          \n ControlPersist 10m<\/p>\n

            \n
          • ControlMaster auto: \u81ea\u52a8\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n
          • ControlPath: \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684 Unix socket \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002%r \u4ee3\u8868\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u540d，%h \u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u673a\u540d，%p \u4ee3\u8868\u7aef\u53e3，\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684 socket \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
          • ControlPersist 10m: \u5373\u4f7f\u521d\u59cb\u7684 SSH \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5173\u95ed，\u4e3b\u8fde\u63a5\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u4fdd\u630110\u5206\u949f，\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u73b0\u5728，\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21 ssh \u5230\u67d0\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef，\u518d\u6b21 ssh \u6216\u4f7f\u7528 scp，\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u4e86，\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u6280\u5de7\u4e09：\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5，\u544a\u522b\u201c\u6389\u7ebf\u201d<\/h5>\n

            \u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907（\u5982\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001NAT）\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u7b56\u7565\u800c\u88ab\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5fc3\u8df3\u5305，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

            Host *
            \n ServerAliveInterval 60
            \n ServerAliveCountMax 3<\/p>\n

              \n
            • ServerAliveInterval 60: \u6bcf\u969460\u79d2，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5fc3\u8df3\u201d\u6d88\u606f，\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n
            • ServerAliveCountMax 3: \u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u7eed3\u6b21\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94，\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u5b9e\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n
            • \u5206\u5757\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u901a\u914d\u7b26：\u5c06\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u73af\u5883\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Host * \u5c06\u901a\u7528\u914d\u7f6e（\u5982 ControlMaster\u3001ServerAliveInterval）\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e，\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/li>\n
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              \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h4>\n

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