{"id":57627,"date":"2025-08-15T16:39:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T08:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57627.html"},"modified":"2025-08-15T16:39:52","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T08:39:52","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%8f%e7%99%bd%e5%ad%a6%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%e3%80%91lca%e5%80%8d%e5%a2%9e%e6%b3%95%e6%b1%82%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e7%a5%96%e5%85%88%e8%b6%85%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57627.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c0f\u767d\u5b66\u7b97\u6cd5\u3011LCA\u500d\u589e\u6cd5\u6c42\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148\u8d85\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790+\u4f8b\u9898[\u6d1b\u8c37]P3379\u6700\u8fd1\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148\uff08LCA\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fLCA&#xff1f;\u4e3e\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff0c;\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u65cf\u8c31&#xff0c;\u4f60\u548c\u4f60\u7684\u8868\u54e5\u60f3\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u4eec\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u7237\u7237\u5976\u5976&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u7956\u5148&#xff0c;\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f60\u4eec\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7956\u8f88&#xff0c;LCA\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9u\u548cv&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684lca\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8282\u70b9w&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> 1. w\u662fu\u7684\u7956\u5148&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p> 2. w\u662fv\u7684\u7956\u5148&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p> 3. \u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d&#xff0c;w\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927&#xff08;\u5373\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h3>\u6838\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<h4>\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def<\/h4>\n<p>1. \u5206\u522b\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<p>2. \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n<h4>\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h4>\n<h5>1\u3001\u56fe\u7684\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u5148\u7528dfs\u904d\u5386\u56fe&#xff0c;\u5b58\u4e0b\u5404\u4e2a\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u4e2a\u70b9\u500d\u589e\u8df3\u8f6c\u6570\u7ec4<\/h5>\n<p>  &#096;&#096;&#096;Objective-C&#043;&#043;<\/p>\n<p>void dfs(int u,int fa) \/\/ u\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9,fa\u4e3a\u7236\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\n{<br \/>\nf[u][0] &#061; fa;<br \/>\nd[u] &#061; d[fa]&#043;1;<br \/>\nst[u]&#061;g&#043;&#043;;<br \/>\nfor(int i&#061;1;(1&lt;&lt;i)&lt;&#061;d[u];i&#043;&#043;)<br \/>\nf[u][i] &#061; f[f[u][i-1]][i-1];    \/\/\u9884\u5904\u7406f\u6570\u7ec4<br \/>\n\/\/\u5b58u\u7684\u500d\u589e\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>for(int i&#061;head[u];i!&#061;-1;i&#061;e[i].next){<br \/>\nint v &#061; e[i].to;<br \/>\nif(v!&#061;fa)<br \/>\n    dfs(v,u);\/\/\u904d\u5386u\u7684\u5b69\u5b50&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5165dfs\u9884\u5904\u7406\u500d\u589e\u6570\u7ec4<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u500d\u589e\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u80fd\u8df3\u8fdc\u5c31\u8df3\u8fdc&#xff0c;\u80fd\u8df3\u8fd1\u5c31\u8df3\u8fd1&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u9884\u5904\u7406&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b83\u7684<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         2<\/p>\n<p>         0<\/p>\n<p>       2^0<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3001<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         2<\/p>\n<p>         1<\/p>\n<p>       2^1<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3001<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         2<\/p>\n<p>         2<\/p>\n<p>       2^2<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2026\u2026\u7ea7\u7684\u7956\u5148&#xff0c;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u5229\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u601d\u60f3&#xff0c;\u5feb\u901f\u8df3\u5230LCA\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2\u3001\u6c42u\u548cv\u7684lca&#xff0c;\u9996\u5148\u5c06u\u548cv\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u7279\u5224\u4e00\u4e0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u5f00\u59cb\u627e\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148<\/h5>\n<p>  &#096;&#096;&#096;Objective-C&#043;&#043;<br \/>\nint lca(int x,int y){<br \/>\nif(d[x]&gt;d[y]) \/\/\u4ee4y\u4e3a\u66f4\u6df1\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\nswap(x,y);<br \/>\nfor(int i&#061;20;i&gt;&#061;0;i&#8211;){<br \/>\nif(d[y]-(1&lt;&lt;i)&gt;&#061;d[x])<br \/>\ny&#061;f[y][i];\/\/\u6539\u53d8y \u4f7fy\u4e0ex\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6df1\u5ea6<br \/>\n}<br \/>\nif(x&#061;&#061;y) return y;\/\/\u7279\u5224&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5x&#061;y&#xff0c;\u5219\u8bf4\u660ex\u6070\u597d\u662fy\u7684\u7956\u5148\u2014\u2014&gt;\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5<br \/>\nfor(int i&#061;20;i&gt;&#061;0;i&#8211;){<br \/>\nif(f[x][i]!&#061;f[y][i])<br \/>\nx&#061;f[x][i],y&#061;f[y][i]; \/\/\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u8df3&#xff0c;\u76f4\u81f3\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u90e8\u5206<br \/>\n}<br \/>\nreturn f[x][0];\/\/\u4e0a\u8df31\u6b65\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u5373\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9aa4\u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5148\u5bf9\u9f50\u6df1\u5ea6\u5462&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u697c\u5c42\u7684\u697c\u68af\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6c47\u5408\u70b9&#xff0c;\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ad9\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u697c\u5c42&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u904d\u5386i&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u8d85\u5e02\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u989d\u7684\u94b1\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9762\u989d&#xff08;\u5927\u6b65\u8df3\u8dc3&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u7528\u5c0f\u9762\u989d\u6765\u8865\u9f50&#xff08;\u5c0f\u6b65\u8c03\u6574&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de f[u][0] ?<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;u\u548cv\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1LCA\u4e86&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u627e\u7684LCA\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6a21\u677f\u4f8b\u9898<\/h3>\n<p>P3379 \u3010\u6a21\u677f\u3011\u6700\u8fd1\u516c\u5171\u7956\u5148&#xff08;LCA&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u5957\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u5373\u53ef\u5566~ \u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u600e\u4e48\u5957\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762AC\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u6211\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u5199\u8be6\u7ec6\u6ce8\u91ca\u561f~<\/p>\n<p>#include&lt;bits\/stdc&#043;&#043;.h&gt;<br \/>\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n<p>const int MAX_N &#061; 500000&#043;7, MAX_M &#061; 500000&#043;7;<\/p>\n<p>int n,m,s;<br \/>\nint d[MAX_N]; \/\/\u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u6df1\u5ea6<br \/>\nint f[MAX_N][21]; \/\/\u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u500d\u6570\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\nint g&#061;1,st[MAX_N];\/\/  dfs\u5e8f||\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/p>\n<p>int head[MAX_N], cnt&#061;-1;\/\/cnt\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u76ee<br \/>\nstruct Edge{<br \/>\n  int to , next;<br \/>\n}e[MAX_N*2];<\/p>\n<p>void add(int u,int v){<br \/>\n  e[&#043;&#043;cnt].to &#061; v;\/\/&#043;&#043;cnt\u5148\u5c06cnt\u7684\u503c\u52a01&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7f16\u53f7&#xff0c;e[&#043;&#043;cnt].to&#061;v\u628a\u65b0\u8fb9\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u8bbe\u4e3av<br \/>\n  e[cnt].next &#061; head[u];\/\/head[u]\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u9876\u70b9u\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u7684\u7f16\u53f7<br \/>\n  \/\/e[cnt].next&#061;head[u]\u8ba9\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u8fb9\u6307\u5411\u539f\u6765\u4ece\u9876\u70b9u\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9&#xff0c;\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u8fb9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ece\u9876\u70b9u\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u8fb9\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u5934\u90e8\u3002<br \/>\n  head[u] &#061; cnt;\/\/head[u]\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u65b0\u8fb9\u7684\u7f16\u53f7&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u65b0\u8fb9\u6210\u4e3a\u4ece\u9876\u70b9u\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9<br \/>\n}\/\/\u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\u5b58\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>void dfs(int u,int fa) \/\/ u\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9,fa\u4e3a\u7236\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n  f[u][0] &#061; fa;\/\/u\u5411\u4e0a\u8df32^0&#061;1\u6b65\u65f6\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\n  d[u] &#061; d[fa]&#043;1;\/\/\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u662f\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u52a0\u4e00<br \/>\n  st[u]&#061;g&#043;&#043;;<br \/>\n  for(int i&#061;1;(1&lt;&lt;i)&lt;&#061;d[u];i&#043;&#043;)<br \/>\n      f[u][i] &#061; f[f[u][i-1]][i-1];<br \/>\n\/\/\u9884\u5904\u7406f\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u5373u\u500d\u589e\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>  for(int i&#061;head[u];i!&#061;-1;i&#061;e[i].next){<br \/>\n      int v &#061; e[i].to;<br \/>\n      if(v!&#061;fa)\/\/\u904d\u5386\u56fe&#xff0c;\u904d\u5386\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5165dfs&#xff0c;<br \/>\n          dfs(v,u);\/\/\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u500d\u589e\u6570\u7ec4\u5168\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u5b8c<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>int lca(int x,int y){<br \/>\n  if(d[x]&gt;d[y]) \/\/\u4ee4y\u4e3a\u66f4\u6df1\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\n      swap(x,y);<br \/>\n  for(int i&#061;20;i&gt;&#061;0;i&#8211;){<br \/>\n      if(d[y]-(1&lt;&lt;i)&gt;&#061;d[x])<br \/>\n          y&#061;f[y][i];\/\/\u6539\u53d8y \u4f7fy\u4e0ex\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6df1\u5ea6<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n  if(x&#061;&#061;y) return y;\/\/\u7279\u5224&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5x&#061;y&#xff0c;\u5219\u8bf4\u660ex\u6070\u597d\u662fy\u7684\u7956\u5148\u2014\u2014&gt;\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5<br \/>\n  for(int i&#061;20;i&gt;&#061;0;i&#8211;){<br \/>\n      if(f[x][i]!&#061;f[y][i])<br \/>\n          x&#061;f[x][i],y&#061;f[y][i]; \/\/\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u4e0a\u8df3<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n  return f[x][0];<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>int main()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n  memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));<br \/>\n  int a,b;<br \/>\n  scanf(&#034;%d%d%d&#034;,&amp;n,&amp;m,&amp;s);<br \/>\n  for(int i&#061;1;i&lt;n;i&#043;&#043;)<br \/>\n  {<br \/>\n      scanf(&#034;%d%d&#034;,&amp;a,&amp;b);<br \/>\n      add(a,b);<br \/>\n      add(b,a); \/\/\u65e0\u5411\u56fe&#xff0c;\u8981\u52a0\u4e24\u6b21<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n  dfs(s,0);\/\/\u8fdb\u5165dfs\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<p>  for(int i&#061;1;i&lt;&#061;m;i&#043;&#043;)<br \/>\n  {<br \/>\n      scanf(&#034;%d%d&#034;,&amp;a,&amp;b);<br \/>\n      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