{"id":57552,"date":"2025-08-15T14:59:58","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T06:59:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57552.html"},"modified":"2025-08-15T14:59:58","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T06:59:58","slug":"linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57552.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux -\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>07-\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>07-1 \u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<h4>1. Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<h5>1.1 \u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u68c0<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u540e&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7 BIOS \u5bf9 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u663e\u5361\u3001\u952e\u76d8\u7b49\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u68c0\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u68c0\u6d4b\u6210\u529f\u540e\u6839\u636e BIOS \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u9a71\u3001U\u76d8\u7b49&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8bbe\u5907&#xff0c;\u5982\u786c\u76d8\u6216\u5149\u9a71\u3001U\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>1.2 MBR \u5f15\u5bfc<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u542f\u52a8&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u52a0\u8f7d MBR&#xff08;\u4e3b\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 MBR \u542f\u52a8\u83dc\u5355&#xff08;\u5982 GRUB&#xff09;\u9009\u62e9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u7684 MBR \u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>1.3 GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u83dc\u5355<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;GRUB&#xff08;GRand Unified Bootloader&#xff09;\u662f Linux \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002GRUB \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u542f\u52a8\u83dc\u5355&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9\u542f\u52a8\u9879\u540e\u52a0\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6 \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg \u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>1.4 \u52a0\u8f7d Linux \u5185\u6838<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4ecb\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>1.5 init \u8fdb\u7a0b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b \/sbin\/init&#xff0c;\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5982\u52a0\u8f7d\u786c\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u542f\u52a8 init \u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. GRUB2 \u4e0e GRUB \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n<h5>2.1 GRUB2 \u7684\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u7f29\u5c0f\u6838\u5fc3\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;GRUB2 \u4f7f\u7528 \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg&#xff0c;\u800c GRUB \u4f7f\u7528 \/boot\/grub\/grub.conf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;GRUB2 \u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. Systemd \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<h5>3.1 Systemd \u7684\u4f18\u70b9<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1&#xff1a;\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 SysVinit \u76f8\u6bd4&#xff0c;Systemd \u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6309\u9700\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1&#xff1a;Systemd \u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9700\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u542f\u52a8\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;Systemd \u6539\u5584\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387&#xff0c;\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 SysVinit \u542f\u52a8\u6162\u548c\u811a\u672c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3.2 \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0e Systemd \u76ee\u6807<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b&#xff08;runlevel&#xff09;\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002Systemd \u901a\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807&#xff08;target&#xff09;\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 Systemd \u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b&#xff08;Runlevel&#xff09;Systemd \u76ee\u6807&#xff08;Target&#xff09;\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>poweroff.target<\/td>\n<td>\u5173\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>rescue.target<\/td>\n<td>\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2\u30013\u30014<\/td>\n<td>multi-user.target<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>graphical.target<\/td>\n<td>\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>reboot.target<\/td>\n<td>\u91cd\u542f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>0  \u7cfb\u7edf\u505c\u673a\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u542f\u52a8&#xff0c;\u673a\u5668\u5173\u7684&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>1   \u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;root\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4&#xff0c;\u7981\u6b62\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55&#xff08;\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u673a\u8fdb\u53bb&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u767e\u5ea6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef&#xff1b;\u5c31\u50cfwindows\u4e0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55&#xff1b;&#xff08;\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019root\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539root\u5bc6\u7801&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>2   \u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709NFS\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u652f\u6301&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>3   \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6709NFS\u548c\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>4   \u7cfb\u7edf\u672a\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7528&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u6c60\u7528\u5c3d\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>5   \u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u5f62GUI\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;X windows\u7cfb&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>6   \u91cd\u542f\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbe\u4e3a6&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u8fd0\u884cinit6\u673a\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u91cd\u542f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5207\u6362\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl get-default<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl set-default multi-user.target<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl isolate graphical.target<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u5207\u6362\u5230\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl isolate graphical.target<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3.3 \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u542f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">enable<\/span> httpd.service<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl is-enabled httpd.service<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7981\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl disable httpd.service<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u542f\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl list-unit-files <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> enabled<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl list-units <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;type<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>service<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6c38\u4e45\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u673a\u540d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>hostnamectl set-hostname newname<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>localectl set-locale <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">LANG<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>zh_CN.utf8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. \u8bfe\u540e\u6269\u5c55<\/h4>\n<h5>4.1 chkconfig \u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>chkconfig \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0b\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">chkconfig<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;list<\/span> httpd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6dfb\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">chkconfig<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;add<\/span> httpd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0b\u542f\u52a8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">chkconfig<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;level<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">35<\/span> httpd on<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4.2 systemd \u4e0e chkconfig \u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>systemd \u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u6309\u9700\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a .service\u3002<\/li>\n<li>chkconfig \u7528\u4e8e\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5. \u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6848\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u5305\u62ec\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u68c0\u3001MBR \u5f15\u5bfc\u3001GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u83dc\u5355\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838\u4ee5\u53ca init \u8fdb\u7a0b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Systemd \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 init \u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6309\u9700\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528 systemctl \u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u548c\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u638c\u63e1&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7075\u6d3b\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4f8b<\/h5>\n<li>\n<p>\u542f\u7528 Apache \u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">enable<\/span> httpd.service<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u4e0d\u5e26\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl isolate multi-user.target<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>localectl set-locale <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">LANG<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>zh_CN.utf8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h3>07-2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u50cf\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u4f60\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u5982 firefox&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u88ab\u4eba\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5728\u4f60\u773c\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u548c CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>\u4e3e\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u4f60\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u7535\u5b50\u4e66&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u8bbe\u5907\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u672c\u7535\u5b50\u4e66\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u9605\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u957f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u662f\u7531\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u5b50\u5973\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>\u4e3e\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8001\u677f&#xff08;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6307\u6325\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5458\u5de5&#xff08;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u8001\u677f\u6307\u6d3e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u50cf\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u677f\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u8001\u677f\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5de5&#xff0c;\u5458\u5de5\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f46\u4e0e\u8001\u677f\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<h6>ps \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>ps&#xff08;process status&#xff09;\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b ID (PID)\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001CPU \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>ps -aux&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ps -ef&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ps -aux | grep [\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d]&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u548c grep \u547d\u4ee4\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>USER&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<li>PID&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002<\/li>\n<li>%CPU&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU \u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>%MEM&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>VSZ&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u5355\u4f4d KB&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>RSS&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u5355\u4f4d KB&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>STAT&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u72b6\u6001\u6709&#xff1a;R&#xff08;\u8fd0\u884c&#xff09;\u3001S&#xff08;\u7761\u7720&#xff09;\u3001Z&#xff08;\u50f5\u5c38&#xff09;\u3001T&#xff08;\u505c\u6b62&#xff09;\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>START&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>TIME&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>COMMAND&#xff1a;\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8be6\u89e3<br \/>\nSTAT:\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001(D:\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001:R:\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001;S:\u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u53ef\u88ab\u5524\u9192;T:\u505c\u6b62\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6682\u505c\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8c03\u8bd5\u72b6\u6001: Z:\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e2d\u6b62&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d)<br \/>\n\u3002<br \/>\nD&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nT&#xff1a;\u8c03\u5f0f\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u822c\u505c\u6b62<br \/>\nR &#xff1a;\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u8fd0\u4f5c&#xff1b;<br \/>\nS &#xff1a;\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u7761\u7720\u5f53\u4e2d (\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f idle \u72b6\u6001\u5566&#xff01;)&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ef\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u8baf\u53f7(signal) \u5524\u9192\u3002<br \/>\nT &#xff1a;\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u4fa6\u6d4b\u6216\u8005\u662f\u505c\u6b62\u4e86&#xff1b;<br \/>\nZ &#xff1a;\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u7236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ed6&#xff0c;\u9020\u6210 zombie (\u7586\u5c38) \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u6001D \u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001.<br \/>\n\u5b83\u4eec\u542b\u610f\u5982\u4e0b:&#xff1a;<br \/>\n&lt;: \u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e0a<br \/>\nN: \u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e0a<br \/>\nL: \u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u9875\u9762\u9501\u5b9a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d<br \/>\ns: \u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nl: \u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684<br \/>\n&#043;: \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u524d\u53f0<br \/>\nD&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-aux<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">vim<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u627e vim \u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5b83\u7684 CPU \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. \u52a8\u6001\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<h6>top \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>top \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u663e\u793a Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>P&#xff1a;\u6309 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>M&#xff1a;\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>T&#xff1a;\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>q&#xff1a;\u9000\u51fa top\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>PID&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002<\/li>\n<li>USER&#xff1a;\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<li>%CPU&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU \u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>%MEM&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>TIME&#043;&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>COMMAND&#xff1a;\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">top<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u542f\u52a8 top&#xff0c;\u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6309 P \u952e\u67e5\u770b CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u6309 M \u952e\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. pgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-l:\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u4ee5\u53caPID<\/li>\n<li>-U&#xff1a;\u9009\u9879\u67e5\u8be2\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>-t&#xff1a;\u9009\u9879\u67e5\u8be2\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f8b1<br \/>\npgrep -l &#034;log&#034;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b2<br \/>\npgrep -l -U teacher -t tty1<\/p>\n<p>[root&#064;localhost ~]# pgrep -l -U &#034;hackli&#034;<br \/>\n3045 bash<\/p>\n<h4>5.pstree\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u5217\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<p>pstree \u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;<br \/>\n\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-p&#xff1a;\u9009\u9879\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5217\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684PID\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>-u&#xff1a;\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/li>\n<li>-a&#xff1a;\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> \u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u201cpstree -aup\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684PID \u53f7\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ece\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa&#xff0c;systemd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u786e\u5b9e\u662f Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u201c\u59cb\u7956\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b1<br \/>\npstree -aup hmj<\/p>\n<h4>6. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<h5>6.1 \u624b\u5de5\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h5>\n<p>\u200b           \u7531\u7528\u6237\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c11\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426  \u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff0c;\u624b\u5de5\u542f\u52a8\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u524d\u53f0\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u540e\u53f0\u542f\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u524d\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c<br \/>\n&#xff08;\u5982\u6267\u884c\u201cls -l\u201d\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5230\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5927\u591a\u6570\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u524d\u53f0\u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u200b      \u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u201c&amp;\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5c06\u201c&amp;\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u653e\u5728\u8981\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9762&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u524d\u53f0\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u754c\u9762&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f7f   \u7528 cp \u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u5149\u76d8\u4e2d\u5236\u4f5c\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f83\u591a&#xff0c;\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u957f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408\u201c&amp;\u201d \u7b26\u53f7\u5c06\u590d\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u653e\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>cp \/dev\/cdrom \/home\/cetos7.iso &amp;<\/p>\n<h5>6.2 \u8c03\u5ea6\u542f\u52a8<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d39\u65f6\u800c\u4e14\u8f83\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4efb\u52a1&#xff08;\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff08;\u5982\u591c\u95f4&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u4e8b\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392&#xff0c;\u6307 \u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u8fbe\u8bbe\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8c03\u5ea6\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8ba1\u5212 \u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5747\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u542f\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 at\u3001crontab \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d at \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027&#xff08;\u598212:15 \u65f6\u91cd\u542f\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1&#xff09;\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;crontab \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8fd0\u884c&#xff08;\u5982\u6bcf\u5468\u4e94 17:30 \u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff09;\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u524d\u540e\u53f0\u8c03\u5ea6<\/h4>\n<h5>7.1 Ctrl&#043;Z\u7ec4\u5408\u952e<\/h5>\n<p>\u200b         \u5f53Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6b63\u5728\u524d\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u65f6&#xff08;\u8fd0\u884c\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6309Ctrl&#xff0b;Z\u7ec4\u5408\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6302\u8d77&#xff08;\u8c03\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u6267\u884c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6682\u505c\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u6253\u5305usr\u5e76\u4e14\u8c03\u5165\u540e\u53f0 &#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309 Ctrl&#xff0b;Z \u7ec4\u5408\u952e\u5c06\u8be5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u5e76\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<p>tar zcvf usr.tar.gz \/usr<\/p>\n<h5>7.2 jobs \u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>jobs \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>jobs -l&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u6709\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u53ca\u5176\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528 bg&#xff08;BackGround&#xff0c;\u540e\u53f0&#xff09;\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4e2d\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c&#xff08;\u5982\u6309 Ctrl&#xff0b;Z \u7ec4\u5408\u952e\u6302\u8d77&#xff09;\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1b;<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528 <span class=\"token function\">fg<\/span> \u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;ForeGround&#xff0c;\u524d\u53f0&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u9664\u975e\u540e\u53f0\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219 <span class=\"token function\">bg<\/span> \u548c <span class=\"token function\">fg<\/span> \u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7f16\u53f7\u4f5c<br \/>\n\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u201cfg <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e4b\u524d\u6302\u8d77\u81f3\u540e\u53f0\u7684 <span class=\"token function\">wget<\/span> \u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u5165\u524d\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>root&#064;localhost ~<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token comment\"># jobs<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>&#8211;   Stopped                 <span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> \/dev\/cdrom mycd.iso<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>&#043;  Stopped                 <span class=\"token function\">top<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>root&#064;localhost ~<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token comment\"># fg 1<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>fg \u548c bg \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>fg&#xff1a;\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u5e26\u56de\u524d\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>bg&#xff1a;\u5c06\u6682\u505c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u653e\u56de\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">fg<\/span> %1<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5e26\u56de\u524d\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">bg<\/span> %2<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a 2 \u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6062\u590d\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>8.\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c<\/h4>\n<h5>8.1 Ctrl&#043;C\u7ec4\u5408\u952e<\/h5>\n<p>\u200b     \u4e2d\u65ad\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<h5>8.2 kill \u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>kill \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kill [PID]&#xff1a;\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>kill -9 [PID]&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">kill<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1234<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7ec8\u6b62 PID \u4e3a 1234 \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">kill<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-9<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1234<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62 PID \u4e3a 1234 \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>8.3 killall \u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>killall \u547d\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">killall<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">vim<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u540d\u4e3a vim \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>pkill \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>pkill \u547d\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u5982\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u7b49&#xff09;\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">pkill<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-u<\/span> root<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>root&#064;localhost ~<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token comment\"># pkill -9 -U &#034;hackli&#034;  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7531 root \u7528\u6237\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>9. \u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002Linux \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec at \u548c cron\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>9.1 \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;at \u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>at \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>at <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>HH:MM<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>yyyy-mm-dd<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><br \/>\nat<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>atq&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u5f85\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>atrm [\u4efb\u52a1\u7f16\u53f7]&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>at <span class=\"token number\">16<\/span>:30 <span class=\"token number\">2021<\/span>-08-16<br \/>\nat<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Backup completed&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> \/tmp\/backup.log<br \/>\nat<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>EOT<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 \/tmp\/backup.log \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>9.2 \u5468\u671f\u6027\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;cron \u547d\u4ee4**<\/h5>\n<p>cron \u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 crontab \u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>* * * * * <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>command<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>*&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u5206\u949f&#xff08;0-59&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c0f\u65f6&#xff08;0-23&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u65e5\u671f&#xff08;1-31&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6708\u4efd&#xff08;1-12&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u661f\u671f&#xff08;0-6&#xff0c;0 \u4e3a\u5468\u65e5&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>[command]&#xff1a;\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u5176\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5982\u8868 9-2 \u6240\u793a&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u201c*\u201d\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002crontab \u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u5728\u201c\u5206\u949f\u201d&#xff0b;\u201c\u5c0f\u65f6\u201d&#xff0b;\u201c\u65e5\u671f\u201d&#xff0b; \u201c\u6708\u4efd\u201d&#xff0b;\u201c\u661f\u671f\u201d\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u8868 9-2 crontab \u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u949f\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a 0&#xff5e;59 \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6574\u6570<br \/>\n\u5c0f\u65f6\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a 0&#xff5e;23 \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6574\u6570<br \/>\n\u65e5\u671f\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a 1&#xff5e;31 \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6574\u6570&#xff08;\u65e5\u671f\u5728\u8be5\u6708\u4efd\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6548&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u6708\u4efd\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a 1&#xff5e;12 \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6574\u6570<br \/>\n\u661f\u671f\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a 0&#xff5e;7 \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6574\u6570&#xff0c;0 \u6216 7 \u4ee3\u8868\u661f\u671f\u65e5<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u201c*\u201d\u4ee5\u5916&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c-\u201d&#xff08;\u51cf\u53f7&#xff09;\u3001\u201c&#xff0c;\u201d&#xff08;\u9017\u53f7&#xff09;\u3001\u201c\/\u201d&#xff08;\u659c\u6760&#xff09;\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u8868  \u793a\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\uf0d8\u51cf\u53f7\u201c-\u201d&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u5982\u201c1-4\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6574\u6570 1\u30012\u30013\u30014\u3002<br \/>\n\uf0d8\u9017\u53f7\u201c,\u201d&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u5982\u201c3, 4, 6, 8\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n\uf0d8\u659c\u6760\u7b26\u53f7\u201c\/\u201d&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u9891\u7387&#xff0c;\u5982\u5728\u65e5\u671f\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c*\/3\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u9694 3 \u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>crontab -e&#xff1a;\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684 cron \u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>crontab -l&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684 cron \u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>crontab -r&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709 cron \u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 crontab \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<br \/>\n\uf0d8-u&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237&#xff08;\u81ea\u5df1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u6709 root \u7528\u6237\u6709\u6743\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff09;\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u8bb2\u89e3 crontab \u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u9879\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>crontab -u \u7528\u6237\u540d #\u6307\u5b9aXX\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\ncrontab -u zx -l #\u5217\u51fazx\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u7684cron\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ncrontab -r #\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684cron\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ncrontab -r -u zx #\u5220\u9664zx\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token number\">50<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">7<\/span> * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl start sshd.service<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">50<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span> * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl stop sshd.service<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u5929\u7684 7:50 \u542f\u52a8 sshd \u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;22:50 \u505c\u6b62 sshd \u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>2.3 cron \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u542f\u52a8 cron \u670d\u52a1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl start crond<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b cron \u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl status crond<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u542f\u7528 cron \u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">enable<\/span> crond<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6269\u5145 \u751f\u4ea7\u6848\u5217<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u82e5\u8981\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5468\u671f\u91cd\u590d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4efb\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;\u2460\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a 7:50<br \/>\n\u81ea\u52a8\u5f00\u542f sshd \u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;22:50 \u5173\u95ed sshd \u670d\u52a1&#xff1b;\u2461\u6bcf\u9694\u4e94\u5929\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e00cron\u6b21 FTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n\/var\/ftp\/pub \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;\u2462\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u7684 7:30 \u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684 httpd \u670d\u52a1&#xff1b;\u2463\u6bcf\u5468\u4e00\u3001\u5468\u4e09\u3001\u5468\u4e94\u7684\u4e0b\u5348 17:30&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 tar \u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u5907\u4efd\/etc\/httpd \u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5219\u53ef\u7531 root \u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7 crontab \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[root&#064;localhost ~]# crontab -e<br \/>\n50 7 * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl start sshd.service<br \/>\n50 22 * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl stop sshd.servic<br \/>\n0 0 *\/5 * * \/usr\/bin\/rm -rf \/var\/ftp\/pub\/*<br \/>\n30 7 * * 6 \/usr\/bin\/systemctl httpd restart<br \/>\n30 17 * * 1,3,5 \/usr\/bin\/tar jcf httpdconf.tar.bz2 \/etc\/httpd\/<br \/>\n*\/2 * * * * ls -lh \/home\/*<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u201ccrontab -e\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff08;\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff09;\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237 jerry \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u6761\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;\u5728\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\u7684 23:55 \u5c06\/etc\/passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a pwd.txt \u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>[jerry &#064;localhost ~]# crontab -e<br \/>\n55 23 * * 7 \/usr\/bin\/cp \/etc\/passwd \/home\/jerry\/pwd.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u5404\u6761\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u7f3a\u5c11\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53e6\u5916&#xff0c;\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u6bcf\u5206\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6&#xff0c;    \u201c\u5206\u949f\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u586b\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6570\u503c&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u201c*\u201d&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868<br \/>\ncrontab \u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u5408\u201c-l\u201d\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e root \u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u201c-u\u201d\u9009\u9879\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>[root&#064;localhost ~]# crontab \u2013l\/\/\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237root \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<br \/>\n50 7 * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl start sshd.service<br \/>\n50 22 * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl stop sshd.servic<br \/>\n0 0 *\/5 * * \/usr\/bin\/rm -rf \/var\/ftp\/pub\/*<br \/>\n30 7 * * 6 \/usr\/bin\/systemctl httpd restart<br \/>\n30 17 * * 1,3,5 \/usr\/bin\/tar jcf httpdconf.tar.bz2 \/etc\/httpd\/<br \/>\n[root&#064;localhost ~]# crontab -l -u jerry\/\/\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237jerry \u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<br \/>\n55 23 * * 7 \/usr\/bin\/cp \/etc\/passwd \/home\/jerry\/pwd.txt<br \/>\n[root&#064;localhost ~]# ls -l \/var\/spool\/cron\/jerry<br \/>\n-rw&#8212;&#8212;-. 1 root root 57 May 7 11:10 \/var\/spool\/cron\/jerry<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;3&#xff09;\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868<br \/>\n\u5f53\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e00\u6761\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201ccrontab -e\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91&#xff1b;\u800c\u82e5\u8981\u6e05\u7a7a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u201ccrontab -r\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[jerry&#064;localhost ~]$ crontab -r \/\/\u7528\u6237jerry \u6e05\u7a7a\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>[jerry&#064;localhost ~]$ crontab -l<br \/>\n[jerry&#064;localhost ~]$ crontab -l<br \/>\nno crontab for jerry<\/p>\n<p>\u6848\u5217<br \/>\n21 17 * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl reboot<br \/>\n26 17 * * * \/usr\/bin\/cp -r \/etc\/ \/home\/<br \/>\n#0 8-18\/2 * * * \/usr\/binsystemctl start vsfrpd.service<br \/>\n0 * *\/3 * * \/usr\/bin\/rm -rf \/var\/log\/ftp\/*.log<br \/>\n*\/2 * * * * \/usr\/bin\/systemctl start vsfrpd.service<\/p>\n<p>[root&#064;192 home]# crontab -l -u lisi<br \/>\n17 19 * * * \/usr\/bin\/cp -r \/home\/etc\/ \/home\/lisi\/backup\/<\/p>\n<p>journalctl -xe<\/p>\n<h4>\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6848\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 ps \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 top \u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 kill \u548c killall \u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 at \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 cron \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 crontab \u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-aux<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">vim<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b vim \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 CPU \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">crontab<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">30<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> * * * \/usr\/bin\/rsync <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-av<\/span> \/data \/backup<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>07-3 \u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca&#xff0c;\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. date<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>date \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6216\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;Wed Aug 14 16:24:51 UTC 2025<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#043;%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;2025-08-14 16:24:51<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff08;\u4ece1970\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u79d2\u6570&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> &#043;%s<\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;1692017091<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> &#043;%Y-%m-%d <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-s<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;2025-08-14&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u671f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 2025\u5e748\u670814\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. cal<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>cal \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6708\u4efd\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u5047\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u4e3a2025\u5e748\u6708&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>     August 2025<br \/>\nSu Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa<br \/>\n                  1  2<br \/>\n 3  4  5  6  7  8  9<br \/>\n10 11 12 13 14 15 16<br \/>\n17 18 19 20 21 22 23<br \/>\n24 25 26 27 28 29 30<br \/>\n31<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u4efd\u548c\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">12<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b2025\u5e7412\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-y<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a2025\u5e74\u5168\u5e74\u65e5\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. history<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>history \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">history<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1  ls<br \/>\n2  cd \/home\/user<br \/>\n3  mkdir new_folder<br \/>\n4  history<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u76ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;mkdir&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b mkdir \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u53f7\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a2\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5373 cd \/home\/user\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. scp<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>scp \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u534f\u8bae\u5728\u672c\u5730\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> file.txt user&#064;remote:\/path\/to\/destination\/<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c06 file.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 \/path\/to\/destination\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> \/local\/dir\/ user&#064;remote:\/remote\/dir\/<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55 \/local\/dir\/ \u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55 \/remote\/dir\/\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u672c\u5730&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> user&#064;remote:\/remote\/path\/to\/file.txt \/local\/destination\/<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u672c\u5730&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> user&#064;remote:\/remote\/dir \/local\/dir\/<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5. rsync<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>rsync \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u589e\u91cf\u540c\u6b65&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5e26\u5bbd\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u540c\u6b65&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u8fdc\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">rsync<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-avz<\/span> \/local\/dir\/ user&#064;remote:\/remote\/dir\/<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-a&#xff1a;\u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u4fdd\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u5982\u6743\u9650\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-v&#xff1a;\u8be6\u7ec6\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-z&#xff1a;\u542f\u7528\u538b\u7f29\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u672c\u5730&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">rsync<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-avz<\/span> user&#064;remote:\/remote\/dir\/ \/local\/dir\/<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u540c\u6b65\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">rsync<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-avz<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;exclude<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;*.log&#034;<\/span> \/local\/dir\/ user&#064;remote:\/remote\/dir\/<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6392\u9664\u6240\u6709 .log \u540e\u7f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec5\u540c\u6b65\u6587\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">rsync<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-avz<\/span> &#8211;ignore-existing \/local\/dir\/ user&#064;remote:\/remote\/dir\/<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u540c\u6b65\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>6. ssh<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>ssh&#xff08;Secure Shell&#xff09;\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdc\u7a0b\u673a\u5668\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> user&#064;hostname<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a hostname \u4e0a\u7684 user \u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7aef\u53e3\u767b\u5f55&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2222<\/span> user&#064;hostname<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7 -p \u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u662f 22\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u6267\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> user&#064;hostname <span class=\"token string\">&#039;ls -l \/home\/user&#039;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c ls -l \/home\/user \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>7. nohup<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>nohup \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5173\u95ed\u7ec8\u7aef\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd0\u884c\u3002nohup \u4f1a\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 nohup.out \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8ba9\u811a\u672c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">nohup<\/span> python script.py <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f script.py \u811a\u672c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u7ec8\u7aef\u5173\u95ed&#xff0c;\u811a\u672c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-f<\/span> nohup.out<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>8. reboot<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>reboot \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">reboot<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u91cd\u542f\u5e76\u5ef6\u8fdf\u51e0\u5206\u949f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">reboot<\/span> &#043;5<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u57285\u5206\u949f\u540e\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>9. shutdown<\/h4>\n<h5>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>shutdown \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">shutdown<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-h<\/span> now<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">shutdown<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-h<\/span> &#043;10<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u572810\u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">shutdown<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> now<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>10. free\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;RAM&#xff09;\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff08;swap&#xff09;\u548c\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5b83\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/h5>\n<p>free \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u603b\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5df2\u7528\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f13\u5b58\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f5c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ea4\u6362\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;Swap&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f53\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<h5>\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>options<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>-h&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a&#xff08;\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5355\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u5982 KB, MB, GB&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-m&#xff1a;\u4ee5 MB \u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-g&#xff1a;\u4ee5 GB \u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-t&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u548c&#xff08;\u5373\u603b\u5185\u5b58 &#043; \u603b\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-s&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u79d2\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u5237\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-l&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u9ad8\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h5>\n<li>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">free<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>            total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available<br \/>\nMem:            16G         4.2G        7.8G        345M        4.0G         11G<br \/>\nSwap:           8.0G        0.0K        8.0G<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>total&#xff1a;\u603b\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>used&#xff1a;\u5df2\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>free&#xff1a;\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>shared&#xff1a;\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>buff\/cache&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>available&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u7684\u56de\u6536&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-h<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>            total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available<br \/>\nMem:            16G         4.2G        7.8G        345M        4.0G         11G<br \/>\nSwap:           8.0G        0.0K        8.0G<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff08;\u4ee5 MB \u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-m<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>            total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available<br \/>\nMem:          16384        4292        8192         345        4096        11264<br \/>\nSwap:          8192           0        8192<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u603b\u548c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>            total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available<br \/>\nMem:          16384        4292        8192         345        4096        11264<br \/>\nSwap:          8192           0        8192<br \/>\nTotal:        24576        4292       16384         345        4096        11264<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6bcf 5 \u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-s<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6bcf5\u79d2\u949f\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u624b\u52a8\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff08;\u6309 Ctrl&#043;C&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u89e3\u91ca<\/h5>\n<p>free \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u884c&#xff1a;\u4e00\u884c\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;Mem&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e00\u884c\u663e\u793a\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff08;Swap&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mem \u884c&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>total&#xff1a;\u603b\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;RAM&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>used&#xff1a;\u5df2\u7528\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>free&#xff1a;\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>shared&#xff1a;\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u6307\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>buff\/cache&#xff1a;\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u7f13\u5b58\u78c1\u76d8\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>available&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u6307\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u56de\u6536\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Swap \u884c&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>total&#xff1a;\u603b\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>used&#xff1a;\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>free&#xff1a;\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 free \u547d\u4ee4\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u8c03\u6574\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5f71\u54cd&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u901a\u8fc7 buff\/cache \u548c available \u5b57\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u5229\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<h5>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7<\/h5>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8b\u52bf&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 free \u548c watch \u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">watch<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-h<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6bcf\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 free \u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u5145\u8db3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5185\u5b58\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u8f83\u5927&#xff0c;\u8003\u8651\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h5>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n<p>free \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u5c24\u5176\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83&#xff0c;\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>11. \u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u5728 Linux 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