{"id":57477,"date":"2025-08-15T13:30:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T05:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57477.html"},"modified":"2025-08-15T13:30:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T05:30:05","slug":"python%e5%8c%85%e4%b8%8e%e5%ba%93%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%af%bc%e5%85%a5%e5%88%b0%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57477.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5305\u4e0e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u4ece\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u5b9e\u6218\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>2.3 \u5305\u548c\u5e93<\/h4>\n<h5>2.3.1 \u5305\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n<p>\u5305\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u800c\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6(\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6)\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305\u3002 \u5305\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u70b9\u5f0f\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u6784\u9020 Python 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\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5305\u5185\u7684__init__.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u5176\u5b83\u975e\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u8bed\u53e5&#xff0c;\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3002 \u5728__init__.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;__all__&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u5305\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u540d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u901a\u8fc7from \u5305 import *\u65f6\u5219\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e__all__\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5168\u90e8\u5bfc\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.3.3 \u5e93\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n<p>\u5e93\u662f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757(\u5305)\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fPython\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u8272\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff0c;\u5373\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5305\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93\u3002 \u5176\u5b9e\u5e93\u662f\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u7ec4\u6a21\u5757&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u5176\u5b83\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u7684&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.3.4 \u6807\u51c6\u5e93<\/h5>\n<p>Python \u6807\u51c6\u5e93 Python\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93 \u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u628a\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53eb\u505a\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b(built-in types)\u548c\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570(built-in functions)\u3002\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528import\u5bfc\u5165&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u6709&#xff1a;int\u3001float\u3001str\u3001list\u3001tuple\u7b49\u3002 \u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u5e93&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528import\u5bfc\u5165&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u6709 sys, os, time, datetime, json&#xff0c;random \u7b49\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7ed3\u675fPython\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sys\u5e93\u91cc\u9762\u7684exit\u51fd\u6570\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528datetime\u5e93\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5b57&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528random\u5e93\u3002 \u7ec3\u4e60 1\u3001\u5229\u7528dir\u3001help\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6807\u51c6\u5e93 2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bfc\u5165\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6807\u51c6\u5e93<\/p>\n<h5>2.3.5 \u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93<\/h5>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u7684&#xff0c;\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u4e0a\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5e93\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93&#xff0c;Python\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u4e0a\u7531\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f16\u7a0b\u6548\u7387&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f16\u5199\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\u3002 \u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>2.3.5.1 \u901a\u8fc7pip\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 1\u3001\u8fd0\u884ccmd\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5f00cmd\u7a97\u53e3\u3002 2\u3001\u5728cmd\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;pip install \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u540d[&#061;&#061;\u7248\u672c\u53f7] 3\u3001\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u540e\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5230PYPI\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e3aPython\\\\Lib\\\\site-packages&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5c31\u662fPython\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.3.5.2 \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u597d\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5e93\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939(\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u5e93\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e93\u540d-\u7248\u672c\u53f7.dist-info\u6587\u4ef6\u5939)\u590d\u5236 2\u3001\u7c98\u8d34\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7535\u8111\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u6700\u597d\u8981\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.3.5.3 \u5230PYPI\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5\u6587\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u5f00PYPI\u5e76\u641c\u7d22\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5e93\u540d\u3002 2\u3001\u627e\u5230\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u5e93\u4e3b\u9875\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684Download files\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728\u53f3\u4fa7\u627e\u5230\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7535\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f.whl\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u3002 3\u3001\u6253\u5f00cmd\u7a97\u53e3\u5e76\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u5207\u6362\u5230\u521a\u624d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684whl\u5b89\u88c5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d 4\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4pip install xx.whl\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.3.5.4 \u901a\u8fc7PyCharm\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u6253\u5f00PyCharm&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u6587\u4ef6\\\\\u8bbe\u7f6e\\\\\u9879\u76ee&#xff1a;\u9879\u76ee\u540d\\\\Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u70b9\u51fb&#043;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250815053001-689ec5d9f3a03.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u5728\u5f39\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7a7a\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e0a\u65b9\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5e93\u540d&#xff1a;requests&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u4e4b\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u5de6\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540e\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250815053003-689ec5db61067.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e60 \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u5b89\u88c5&#xff1a;pandas\u3001requests\u3001pygame\u3001numpy\u5e93<\/p>\n<h5>2.3.6 \u5bfc\u5165\u8bf4\u660e<\/h5>\n<p>1\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53ea\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u6b21\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u542f\u89e3\u91ca\u5668&#xff1b;\u4ec5\u4ea4\u4e92\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 importlib.reload()&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a; &gt;&gt;&gt; import importlib &gt;&gt;&gt; importlib.reload(\u6a21\u5757\u540d) 2\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528as\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548cas\u540e\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a; import math as mt # \u7528mt\u4ee3\u8868\u5bfc\u5165\u540e\u7684math\u6a21\u5757\u540d from math import sqrt as st # \u7528st\u4ee3\u8868\u5bfc\u5165\u7684sqrt\u51fd\u6570 \u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u7b49\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7as\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u6709\u51e0\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u4e0d\u52a0\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u540c\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u5199\u901f\u5ea6 3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 from package import item \u65f6&#xff0c;item \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5305\u7684\u5b50\u6a21\u5757&#xff08;\u6216\u5b50\u5305&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5305\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u79f0\u3002import \u8bed\u53e5\u9996\u5148\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5305\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 item&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u672a\u5728\u5305\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff0c;\u5219\u5047\u5b9a item \u662f\u6a21\u5757&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230 item&#xff0c;\u5219\u89e6\u53d1 ImportError \u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u76f8\u53cd&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 import item.subitem.subsubitem \u53e5\u6cd5\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u5916&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a item \u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5305&#xff1b;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u5305&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u7c7b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb485\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e8\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf10\u6b21\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u4e0a\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5e93\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0cPython\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u4e0a\u7531\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f16\u7a0b\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f16\u5199\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5305\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u5c06\u662f\u5305\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5e93\u662f\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u7ec4\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u5176\u5b83\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5e93\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-57477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-python","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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