{"id":57302,"date":"2025-08-15T10:09:51","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T02:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57302.html"},"modified":"2025-08-15T10:09:51","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T02:09:51","slug":"linux%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%e6%89%93%e5%8d%b0%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9aprintk%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/57302.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5185\u6838\u6253\u5370\u827a\u672f\uff1aprintk\u51fd\u6570\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux\u5185\u6838\u6253\u5370\u827a\u672f：printk\u51fd\u6570\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n

\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7<\/p>\n

\n

📚 \u76ee\u5f55<\/h5>\n
  • printk\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u6790<\/li>\n
  • 8\u5927\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n
  • \u8f93\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9608\u503c\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n
  • \u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u6848<\/li>\n
    \n

    1\ufe0f\u20e3 printk\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n

    \u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b：<\/h5>\n

    int<\/span> printk<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>fmt,<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u529f\u80fd：\u5185\u6838\u6001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa（\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7528\u6237\u6001printf）<\/li>\n
    • \u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e：\u5185\u6838\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a（\/proc\/kmsg）<\/li>\n
    • \u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027：\n
        \n
      • \u53ef\u5728\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n
      • \u652f\u6301\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（%d, %s, %p\u7b49）<\/li>\n
      • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168（\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u540c\u6b65\u8bbf\u95ee）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u57fa\u7840\u793a\u4f8b：<\/h5>\n

        #<\/span>include<\/span> <linux\/kernel.h><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u8f93\u51fa<\/span>
        \nprintk<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello Kernel World!"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5e26\u53d8\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> count =<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nprintk<\/span>(<\/span>"Processed %d packets\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> count)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        2\ufe0f\u20e3 8\u5927\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

        Linux\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u4e3a8\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7（0\u6700\u9ad8\u21927\u6700\u4f4e）：<\/p>\n\n\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u52a8\u4f5c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        0<\/td>\nKERN_EMERG<\/td>\n\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u5370<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u524d\u6700\u540e\u6d88\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        1<\/td>\nKERN_ALERT<\/td>\n\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u5370<\/td>\n\u9700\u7acb\u5373\u5904\u7406\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        2<\/td>\nKERN_CRIT<\/td>\n\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u5370<\/td>\n\u5173\u952e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6545\u969c（\u5982OOM）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        3<\/td>\nKERN_ERR<\/td>\n\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u5370<\/td>\n\u9a71\u52a8\u9519\u8bef（I\/O\u5931\u8d25）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        4<\/td>\nKERN_WARNING<\/td>\n\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6253\u5370<\/td>\n\u8b66\u544a（\u5f02\u5e38\u4f46\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        5<\/td>\nKERN_NOTICE<\/td>\n\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6253\u5370<\/td>\n\u6b63\u5e38\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6（\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        6<\/td>\nKERN_INFO<\/td>\n\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6253\u5370<\/td>\n\u4fe1\u606f\u6027\u6d88\u606f（\u8bbe\u5907\u68c0\u6d4b）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        7<\/td>\nKERN_DEBUG<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u6253\u5370（\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u5f00\u542f）<\/td>\n\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：<\/h5>\n

        \/\/ \u7d27\u6025\u4e8b\u4ef6（\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7）<\/span>
        \nprintk<\/span>(<\/span>KERN_EMERG "CPU #%d: Critical temperature reached!\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> cpu_id)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f（\u6700\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7）<\/span>
        \nprintk<\/span>(<\/span>KERN_DEBUG "GPIO %d state changed to %d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> pin,<\/span> state)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u8f93\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9608\u503c\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n

        \u9608\u503c\u63a7\u5236\u539f\u7406：<\/h5>\n

        graph LR
        \n A[printk\u8c03\u7528] –> B{\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 > \u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u9608\u503c？}
        \n B –>|\u662f| C[\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0]
        \n B –>|\u5426| D[\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u533a]<\/p>\n

        \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u9608\u503c：<\/h5>\n

        cat<\/span> \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/printk
        \n# \u8f93\u51fa：4 4 1 7<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u56db\u5b57\u6bb5\u89e3\u6790：<\/p>\n

      • \u5f53\u524d\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b（\u9608\u503c）：\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6b64\u503c\u624d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0<\/li>\n
      • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b：\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/li>\n
      • \u6700\u4f4e\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ea7\u522b：\u901a\u8fc7syslog\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9608\u503c<\/li>\n
      • \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ea7\u522b：\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u521d\u671f\u7684\u9608\u503c<\/li>\n
        \u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u6539\u9608\u503c：<\/h5>\n

        # \u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u6253\u5370（0-7\u7ea7）<\/span>
        \necho<\/span> 8<\/span> ><\/span> \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/printk<\/p>\n

        # \u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a（0-3\u7ea7）<\/span>
        \necho<\/span> 3<\/span> ><\/span> \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/printk<\/p>\n

        \u6c38\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e：<\/h5>\n

        # \u7f16\u8f91sysctl\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> nano<\/span> \/etc\/sysctl.conf
        \n# \u6dfb\u52a0：kernel.printk = 3 4 1 7<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> sysctl -p # \u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        4\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n

        \u6280\u5de71：\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u770b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h5>\n

        # \u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7（\u63a8\u8350）<\/span>
        \ndmesg<\/span> -w<\/p>\n

        # \u6309\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/span>
        \ndmesg<\/span> -l warn,err # \u53ea\u770b\u8b66\u544a\u548c\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/p>\n

        # \u6e05\u7a7a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/span>
        \ndmesg<\/span> -c<\/p>\n

        \u6280\u5de72：\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u52a8\u6001\u5f00\u542f<\/h5>\n

        # \u5f00\u542f\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f（\u9700\u6a21\u5757\u652f\u6301）<\/span>
        \necho<\/span> -n 'module xhci_hcd +p'<\/span> ><\/span> \/sys\/kernel\/debug\/dynamic_debug\/control<\/p>\n

        # \u5f00\u542f\u6587\u4ef6\u7ea7\u8c03\u8bd5<\/span>
        \necho<\/span> 'file drivers\/usb\/* +p'<\/span> ><\/span> \/sys\/kernel\/debug\/dynamic_debug\/control<\/p>\n

        \u6280\u5de73：\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u589e\u5f3a<\/h5>\n

        \/\/ \u6253\u5370\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7<\/span>
        \nprintk<\/span>(<\/span>KERN_DEBUG "%s:%d – GPIO state changed\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> __func__<\/span>,<\/span> __LINE__<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6253\u5370\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
        \nstruct<\/span> device<\/span> *<\/span>dev =<\/span> &<\/span>pdev-><\/span>dev;<\/span>
        \ndev_err<\/span>(<\/span>dev,<\/span> "DMA allocation failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u4e13\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u6253\u5370API<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8c03\u8bd5\u6848\u4f8b：\u9a71\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/h5>\n

        static<\/span> int<\/span> __init mydrv_init<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n printk<\/span>(<\/span>KERN_NOTICE "Driver loading…\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>register_device<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n printk<\/span>(<\/span>KERN_ERR "Registration failed!\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> –<\/span>EIO;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n printk<\/span>(<\/span>KERN_INFO "Device registered at 0x%p\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> device_ptr)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u9884\u671f\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

        [ 5.678] Driver loading…
        \n[ 5.679] Device registered at 0xffffffc00a123000<\/p>\n

        \n

        💡 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5：<\/p>\n

      • \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883：\u9608\u503c\u8bbe\u4e3a4（WARNING\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a），\u907f\u514d\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5237\u5c4f<\/li>\n
      • \u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1：\u4f7f\u7528dev_info()\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u4e13\u7528API\u81ea\u52a8\u9644\u52a0\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n
      • \u6027\u80fd\u654f\u611f\u533a：\u7528printk_ratelimited()\u9650\u5236\u9ad8\u9891\u6253\u5370<\/li>\n
      • \u957f\u671f\u65e5\u5fd7：\u914d\u7f6esyslogd\u8f6c\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6，\u907f\u514d\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ea2\u51fa<\/li>\n
        \n

        \u6269\u5c55\u5e94\u7528：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u7f51\u7edc\u65e5\u5fd7：\u901a\u8fc7netconsole\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n
        • \u542f\u52a8\u8c03\u8bd5：\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0loglevel=7 debug\u5f00\u542f\u65e9\u671f\u542f\u52a8\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n
        • \u5d29\u6e83\u8bca\u65ad：\u7ed3\u5408kdump\u548ccrash\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u6790printk\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u638c\u63e1printk\u7684\u827a\u672f，\u60a8\u5c06\u80fd：
          \n\u2705 \u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5185\u6838\u95ee\u9898 \u2705 \u4f18\u5316\u9a71\u52a8\u8c03\u8bd5\u6548\u7387 \u2705 \u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

          \u539f\u521b\u6280\u672f\u7b14\u8bb0，\u8f6c\u8f7d\u9700\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u4e2d\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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