{"id":56856,"date":"2025-08-14T23:54:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T15:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56856.html"},"modified":"2025-08-14T23:54:40","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T15:54:40","slug":"c%e6%ba%90%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%88%b0%e5%8f%af%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e7%9a%84%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e8%bf%87%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56856.html","title":{"rendered":"c++\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fc7\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u6982\u89c8<\/h2>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u5c31\u662f\u5c06C++\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u8bf4，\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801，C++\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u89e3(human-readable)\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b98\u201d，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668(Compiler), \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00，\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5：<\/p>\n\n\u9636\u6bb5\u6b65\u9aa4\u540d\u79f0\u8f93\u5165\u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5185\u5bb9\u8f93\u51fa<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
1<\/td>\n\u9884\u5904\u7406(Preprocessing)<\/td>\nC\/C++ \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6(.c\/.cpp, .h\/.hpp)<\/td>\n\u79fb\u9664\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8f\u3001\u5904\u7406 #include\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1，\u751f\u6210\u65e0\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6e90\u7801<\/td>\n\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6(.i \/ .ii)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1(Compilation)<\/td>\n\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6(.i \/ .ii)<\/td>\n\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801，\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\n\u6c47\u7f16\u6587\u4ef6(.s \/ .asm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n\u6c47\u7f16(Assembly)<\/td>\n\u6c47\u7f16\u6587\u4ef6(.s \/ .asm)<\/td>\n\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7801，\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6(.o \/ .obj)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n\u94fe\u63a5(Linking)<\/td>\n\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6(.o \/ .obj, .lib \/ .a)<\/td>\n\u5408\u5e76\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5e93，\u89e3\u51b3\u7b26\u53f7\u5f15\u7528，\u751f\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6(.exe \/ a.out)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Compilation \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728C++\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b，\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4ee3\u4ece\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u6307\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4，\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u6982\u89c8<\/h3>\n

#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R {font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .label text,#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .node rect,#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .node circle,#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-nYGP2JpoeGGVzh5R :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

💻 \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801(main.cpp)<\/span><\/p>\n

📝 \u9884\u5904\u7406\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8f\/\u5305\u542b\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\/\u79fb\u9664\u6ce8\u91ca\u4ea7\u7269：main.i<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2699\ufe0f \u7f16\u8bd1\u8bcd\u6cd5+\u8bed\u6cd5+\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u6790 \u2192 \u751f\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u4ea7\u7269：main.s<\/span><\/p>\n

🔨 \u6c47\u7f16\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801 \u2192 \u673a\u5668\u7801\u4ea7\u7269：main.o<\/span><\/p>\n

🔗 \u94fe\u63a5\u7b26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790+\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d \u2192 \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4ea7\u7269：main<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25b6\ufe0f \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa：Hello, World!<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n

2.1 \u9884\u5904\u7406（Preprocessing）<\/h3>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5，\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u4f5c：<\/p>\n\n\u9636\u6bb5\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
1<\/td>\nComments removal<\/td>\n\u5220\u9664 \/\/ \u548c \/*…*\/ \u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u5185\u5bb9，\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u6709\u6548\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\nint a=1; \/\/ \u53d8\u91cf \u2192 int a=1;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nMacros expansion<\/td>\n\u5c06 #define \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8f\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n#define PI 3.14 \u2192 area=3.14*r*r;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nFile inclusion<\/td>\n\u5c06 #include \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u76f4\u63a5\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d<\/td>\n#include <stdio.h> \u2192 \u63d2\u5165 stdio.h \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nConditional compilation<\/td>\n\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u6307\u4ee4\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u5220\u9664\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\n#ifdef DEBUG \u5305\u542b\u8c03\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801，\u5426\u5219\u79fb\u9664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.2 \u7f16\u8bd1(Complication)<\/h3>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5c06\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027，\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u751f\u6210\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n\n\u9636\u6bb5\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1<\/td>\n\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n\u5c06\u6e90\u7801\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5355\u5143（Token），\u5982\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7b49<\/td>\nint a=5; \u2192 int\u3001a\u3001=\u30015\u3001;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u5c06 Token \u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u6811（AST），\u5e76\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bed\u6cd5\u5408\u6cd5\u6027<\/td>\n\u68c0\u67e5 if(a==5){} \u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408 C++ \u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bed\u4e49\u6b63\u786e（\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7b49）<\/td>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210<\/td>\n\u5c06 AST \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5e73\u53f0\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u793a（IR）<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210 LLVM IR \/ GCC GIMPLE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n\u5bf9 IR \u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316（\u5220\u9664\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u8054\u7b49）<\/td>\n\u5c06 x = x + 0 \u4f18\u5316\u6389<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210<\/td>\n\u5c06\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684 IR \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94 CPU \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210 .s \u6587\u4ef6，\u5982 mov eax,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.3 \u6c47\u7f16（Assembly）<\/h3>\n

\u6c47\u7f16\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4，\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u4f9b\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5904\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n\n\u9636\u6bb5\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
1<\/td>\n\u6307\u4ee4\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/td>\n\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a CPU \u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801<\/td>\nmov eax,1 \u2192 B8 01 00 00 00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/td>\n\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26，\u4ee5\u4f9b\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u89e3\u6790<\/td>\nprintf \u5728\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u672a\u89e3\u6790\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8f93\u51fa .o（Unix\/Linux）\u6216 .obj（Windows）\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210 main.o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.4 \u94fe\u63a5(Linking)<\/h3>\n

\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u4f1a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u51b3\u7b26\u53f7\u5f15\u7528，\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n\n\u9636\u6bb5\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
1<\/td>\n\u7b26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790<\/td>\n\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5339\u914d\u5404\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n\u5728 libc \u4e2d\u627e\u5230 printf \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d（\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d）<\/td>\n\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u914d\u6700\u7ec8\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740，\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26<\/td>\n\u5c06 printf \u7684\u8c03\u7528\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n\u5408\u5e76\u6bb5（Sections）<\/td>\n\u5c06\u5404\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 .text（\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5）\u3001.data（\u6570\u636e\u6bb5）\u7b49\u5408\u5e76<\/td>\n\u5408\u5e76 main.o \u4e0e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8f93\u51fa .exe（Windows）\u6216 a.out \/ ELF（Unix\/Linux）\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210 main.exe \u6216 a.out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

ELF（Executable and Linkable Format，\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4e0e\u53ef\u94fe\u63a5\u683c\u5f0f）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u8f6c\u50a8（core dump）\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf（\u5982Linux\u3001Unix）\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f，\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b9\u5f0f ，\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u67e5\u770bELF\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u8be6\u89e3<\/p>\n

3 \u52a8\u624b\u89c2\u5bdf<\/h2>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728 Ubuntu \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf C\/C++ \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ca\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65：<\/p>\n

3.1 \u521b\u5efa\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2amain.cpp，\u7f16\u8f91\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

\/\/ this is my test program
\n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n

int main() {
\n printf("Hello, World!\\\\\\\\n");
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

3.2 \u9884\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 g++ -E main.cpp -o main.i \u6a21\u62df\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a main.i \u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

wayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ ll
\ntotal 12<\/span>
\ndrwxrwxr-x 2<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 .\/
\ndrwxrwxr-x 7<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 ..<\/span>\/
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 81<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:42 main.cpp
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ g++ -E<\/span> main.cpp -o<\/span> main.i
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ ll
\ntotal 36<\/span>
\ndrwxrwxr-x 2<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 .\/
\ndrwxrwxr-x 7<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 ..<\/span>\/
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 81<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:42 main.cpp
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 20890<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 main.i
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ cat<\/span> main.i
\n# 0 "main.cpp"<\/span>
\n# 0 "<built-in>"<\/span>
\n# 0 "<command-line>"<\/span>
\n# 1 "\/usr\/include\/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4<\/span>
\n# 0 "<command-line>" 2<\/span>
\n# 1 "main.cpp"<\/span>
\n# 1 "\/usr\/include\/stdio.h" 1 3 4<\/span>
\n# 27 "\/usr\/include\/stdio.h" 3 4<\/span>
\n# 1 "\/usr\/include\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/bits\/libc-header-start.h" 1 3 4<\/span>
\n# 33 "\/usr\/include\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/bits\/libc-header-start.h" 3 4<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3 \u7f16\u8bd1<\/h3>\n

\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 g++ -S main.i -o main.s，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u4ea7\u7269 main.s\u3002<\/p>\n

wayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ ll
\ntotal 36<\/span>
\ndrwxrwxr-x 2<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:48 .\/
\ndrwxrwxr-x 7<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 ..<\/span>\/
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 81<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:42 main.cpp
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 20890<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 main.i
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ g++ -S<\/span> main.i -o<\/span> main.s
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ head<\/span> -n<\/span> 20<\/span> main.s
\n .file "main.cpp"<\/span>
\n .text
\n .section .rodata
\n.LC0:
\n .string "Hello, World!\\\\\\\\<\/span>n"<\/span>
\n .text
\n .globl main
\n .type main, @function
\nmain:
\n.LFB0:
\n .cfi_startproc
\n endbr64
\n pushq %rbp
\n .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16<\/span>
\n .cfi_offset 6<\/span>, -16<\/span>
\n movq %rsp, %rbp
\n .cfi_def_cfa_register 6<\/span>
\n leaq .LC0(<\/span>%rip)<\/span>, %rax
\n movq %rax, %rdi
\n movl $0<\/span>, %eax
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ <\/p>\n

3.4 \u6c47\u7f16<\/h3>\n

\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 g++ -o main.o -c main.s，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u4ea7\u7269 main.o\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4f59\u547d\u4ee4\u4ecb\u7ecd：<\/p>\n

file<\/span> main.o # \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b（ELF 64-bit Relocatable object）<\/span>
\nhexdump -C<\/span> main.o |<\/span> head<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>
\nreadelf -s<\/span> main.o # \u67e5\u770b\u7b26\u53f7\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u6f14\u793a<\/p>\n

wayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ ll
\ntotal 40<\/span>
\ndrwxrwxr-x 2<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:52 .\/
\ndrwxrwxr-x 7<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 ..<\/span>\/
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 81<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:42 main.cpp
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 20890<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 main.i
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 687<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:48 main.s
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ g++ -o<\/span> main.o -c<\/span> main.s
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ file<\/span> main.o
\nmain.o: ELF 64<\/span>-bit LSB relocatable, x86-64, version 1<\/span> (<\/span>SYSV)<\/span>, not stripped
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ hexdump -C<\/span> main.o |<\/span> head<\/span>
\n00000000 7f 45<\/span> 4c 46<\/span> 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |<\/span>.ELF..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>|<\/span>
\n00000010 01 00 3e 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |<\/span>..<\/span>><\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>.|<\/span>
\n00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 60<\/span> 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 |<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>`..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>.|<\/span>
\n00000030 00 00 00 00 40<\/span> 00 00 00 00 00 40<\/span> 00 0e 00 0d 00 |<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>@..<\/span>..<\/span>.@..<\/span>..<\/span>.|<\/span>
\n00000040 f3 0f 1e fa 55<\/span> 48<\/span> 89<\/span> e5 48<\/span> 8d 05 00 00 00 00 48<\/span> |<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>UH..<\/span>H..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>H|<\/span>
\n00000050 89<\/span> c7 b8 00 00 00 00 e8 00 00 00 00 b8 00 00 00 |<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>..<\/span>|<\/span>
\n00000060 00 5d c3 48<\/span> 65<\/span> 6c 6c 6f 2c 20<\/span> 57<\/span> 6f 72<\/span> 6c 64<\/span> 21<\/span> |<\/span>.]<\/span>.Hello, World!<\/span>|<\/span>
\n00000070 5c 6e 00 00 47<\/span> 43<\/span> 43<\/span> 3a 20<\/span> 28<\/span> 55<\/span> 62<\/span> 75<\/span> 6e 74<\/span> 75<\/span> |<\/span>\\\\<\/span>n..<\/span>GCC: (<\/span>Ubuntu|<\/span>
\n00000080 20<\/span> 31<\/span> 31<\/span> 2e 34<\/span> 2e 30<\/span> 2d 31<\/span> 75<\/span> 62<\/span> 75<\/span> 6e 74<\/span> 75<\/span> 31<\/span> |<\/span> 11.4<\/span>.0-1ubuntu1|<\/span>
\n00000090 7e 32<\/span> 32<\/span> 2e 30<\/span> 34<\/span> 29<\/span> 20<\/span> 31<\/span> 31<\/span> 2e 34<\/span> 2e 30<\/span> 00 00 |<\/span>~22.04)<\/span> 11.4<\/span>.0..<\/span>|<\/span>
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ readelf -s<\/span> main.o <\/p>\n

Symbol table '.symtab'<\/span> contains 6<\/span> entries:
\n Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
\n 0<\/span>: 0000000000000000 0<\/span> NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
\n 1<\/span>: 0000000000000000 0<\/span> FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS main.cpp
\n 2<\/span>: 0000000000000000 0<\/span> SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1<\/span> .text
\n 3<\/span>: 0000000000000000 0<\/span> SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5<\/span> .rodata
\n 4<\/span>: 0000000000000000 35<\/span> FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 1<\/span> main
\n 5<\/span>: 0000000000000000 0<\/span> NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND printf<\/span>
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ <\/p>\n

3.5 \u94fe\u63a5（\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6）<\/h3>\n

\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 g++ main.o -o main， \u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6, \u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aelf\u7c7b\u578b(linux\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f) \u5176\u4f59\u547d\u4ee4\u4ecb\u7ecd：<\/p>\n

file<\/span> main # \u663e\u793a\u4e3a ELF 64-bit LSB executable<\/span>
\nreadelf -h<\/span> main # \u67e5\u770b ELF \u6587\u4ef6\u5934<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u6f14\u793a：<\/p>\n

wayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ ll
\ntotal 44<\/span>
\ndrwxrwxr-x 2<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:52 .\/
\ndrwxrwxr-x 7<\/span> wayne wayne 4096<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 ..<\/span>\/
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 81<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:42 main.cpp
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 20890<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:43 main.i
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 1504<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:52 main.o
\n-rw-rw-r– 1<\/span> wayne wayne 687<\/span> Aug 10<\/span> 11<\/span>:48 main.s
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ g++ main.o -o<\/span> main
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ file<\/span> main
\nmain: ELF 64<\/span>-bit LSB pie executable, x86-64, version 1<\/span> (<\/span>SYSV)<\/span>, dynamically linked, interpreter \/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, BuildID[<\/span>sha1]<\/span>=<\/span>fc45d54bd23fe46646071b84ab26edd4acc85693, for<\/span> GNU\/Linux 3.2<\/span>.0, not stripped
\nwayne@server:~\/source\/temp$ readelf -h<\/span> main
\nELF Header:
\n Magic: 7f 45<\/span> 4c 46<\/span> 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
\n Class: ELF64
\n Data: 2<\/span>'s complement, little endian
\n Version: 1<\/span> (<\/span>current)<\/span>
\n OS\/ABI: UNIX – System V
\n ABI Version: 0<\/span>
\n Type: DYN (<\/span>Position-Independent Executable file<\/span>)<\/span>
\n Machine: Advanced Micro Devices X86-64
\n Version: 0x1
\n Entry point address: 0x1060
\n Start of program headers: 64<\/span> (<\/span>bytes into file<\/span>)<\/span>
\n Start of section headers: 13976<\/span> (<\/span>bytes into file<\/span>)<\/span>
\n Flags: 0x0
\n Size of this header: 64<\/span> (<\/span>bytes)<\/span>
\n Size of program headers: 56<\/span> (<\/span>bytes)<\/span>
\n Number of program headers: 13<\/span>
\n Size of section headers: 64<\/span> (<\/span>bytes)<\/span>
\n Number of section headers: 31<\/span>
\n Section header string table index: 30<\/span>
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