{"id":56589,"date":"2025-08-14T20:34:39","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T12:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56589.html"},"modified":"2025-08-14T20:34:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T12:34:39","slug":"mips%e5%a4%9a%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9fcpu%e5%be%ae%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e5%85%a8%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e7%a1%ac%e4%bb%b6%e9%80%9a%e8%b7%af%e5%88%b0%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56589.html","title":{"rendered":"MIPS\u591a\u5468\u671fCPU\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u5168\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u901a\u8def\u5230\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728MIPS\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u591a\u5468\u671f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d，\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8f93\u51fa，\u76f4\u63a5\u9a71\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u7684\u534f\u540c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u4e94\u7ea7\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7406\u8bba（IF-ID-EX-MEM-WB），\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u4e94\u5927\u7c7b\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7ADD\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6846\u67b6<\/h5>\n

\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ec4\u5408，\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\u9a71\u52a8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u786c\u4ef6\u6a21\u5757：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6
\nPC\u6a21\u5757 \/\/ \u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668
\nRegFile \/\/ 32\u00d732\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5806
\nALU \/\/ \u7b97\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143
\nMemUnit \/\/ \u6307\u4ee4\/\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668
\nMUX\u7f51\u7edc \/\/ \u591a\u8def\u9009\u62e9\u5668（\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5411）<\/p>\n

📌\u00a0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66：\u6bcf\u6761\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5185\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u52a8\u4f5c，\u591a\u5468\u671fCPU\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e32\u8054\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4e94\u5927\u7c7b\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3（\u9644\u4fe1\u53f7\u771f\u503c\u8868）<\/h5>\n
1. \u53d6\u6307\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4（IF）<\/h6>\n

\u786c\u4ef6\u52a8\u4f5c\u62d3\u6251：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u53f7：<\/p>\n\n\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u4f5c\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
MemRead<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u542f\u52a8\u6307\u4ee4\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n\u8f93\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\u5230\u603b\u7ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IRWrite<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8IR\u5199\u5165<\/td>\n\u9501\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PC_Src<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n\u9009\u62e9PC+4\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\nPC\u2190PC+4（\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

💡\u00a0\u6ce8：\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6307\u4ee4\u8bd1\u7801，\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u5171\u4eab<\/p>\n

2. \u8fd0\u7b97\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4（ALU Execution）<\/h6>\n

R\u578b\u6307\u4ee4\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n

case(ALUOp)
\n 2'b10: ALU_ctl = funct_field[3:0]; \/\/ \u89e3\u6790funct\u5b57\u6bb5
\n default: \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u5904\u7406
\nendcase<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u5408：<\/p>\n\n\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
ALUSrcA<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u9009\u62e9RegA\u4f5c\u4e3aALU\u8f93\u51651<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALUSrcB<\/td>\n00<\/td>\n\u9009\u62e9RegB\u4f5c\u4e3aALU\u8f93\u51652<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RegDst<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u76ee\u6807\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u9009\u62e9rd\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALU_Result<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n\u7ed3\u679c\u6682\u5b58\u4e8eALUOut\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u2699\ufe0f\u00a0\u5173\u952e\u7ec6\u8282：funct\u5b57\u6bb5\u5728\u8bd1\u7801\u9636\u6bb5\u5df2\u63d0\u53d6，\u672c\u9636\u6bb5\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53ALU\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

3. \u8bbf\u5b58\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4（Memory Access）<\/h6>\n

LW\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u636e\u6d41：<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 + \u504f\u79fb\u91cf \u2192 ALU\u8ba1\u7b97\u5730\u5740 \u2192 Mem[addr] \u2192 MDR<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u5408：<\/p>\n\n\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
IorD<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u9009\u62e9ALU\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MemRead<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u542f\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MemtoReg<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u6807\u8bb0\u7ed3\u679c\u9700\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u52a0\u8f7d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u26a0\ufe0f\u00a0\u5371\u9669\u5904\u7406：\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u97002\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u63d2\u5165stall\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n

4. \u5206\u652f\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4（Branch Control）<\/h6>\n

BEQ\u6307\u4ee4\u51b3\u7b56\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n

if (RegA == RegB)
\n PC = PC + (sign_ext(offset) << 2);
\nelse
\n PC = PC + 4;<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u5408：<\/p>\n\n\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
ALUSrcB<\/td>\n01<\/td>\n\u9009\u62e9\u7b26\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u7acb\u5373\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALUOp<\/td>\n01<\/td>\nSUB\u6bd4\u8f83（\u4ea7\u751fZero\u6807\u5fd7）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PCSrc<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u652f\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

🔄\u00a0\u4f18\u5316：\u73b0\u4ee3MIPS\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u51cf\u5c11\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6e05\u7a7a\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/p>\n

5. \u5199\u56de\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4（Write-Back）<\/h6>\n

\u53cc\u8def\u5f84\u8bbe\u8ba1：<\/p>\n

ALU\u7ed3\u679c \u2192 RegFile (R\u578b\u6307\u4ee4)
\nMDR \u2192 RegFile (LW\u6307\u4ee4)<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u5408：<\/p>\n\n\u4fe1\u53f7R\u578b\u6307\u4ee4\u503cLW\u6307\u4ee4\u503c\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
RegWrite<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u5199\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MemtoReg<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u9009\u62e9ALU\/MDR\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RegDst<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n\u76ee\u6807\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u9009\u62e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n
\u4e09\u3001ADD\u6307\u4ee4\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b：\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u8c03\u5ea6<\/h5>\n

\u4ee5add $t1, $t2, $t3\u4e3a\u4f8b\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7ea7\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5e8f：<\/p>\n\n\u5468\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd\u5173\u952e\u786c\u4ef6\u884c\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u5408<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
T1<\/td>\n\u53d6\u6307(IF)<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\nPC\u2192\u6307\u4ee4\u5730\u5740, IR\u2190Mem[PC], PC\u2190PC+4<\/td>\nMemRead=1, IRWrite=1, PC_Src=0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T2<\/td>\n\u8bd1\u7801(ID)<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u53d6t3<\/td>\nRegFile\u8bfb\u7aef\u53e3A\u2190t2，\u8bfb\u7aef\u53e3B\u2190t3<\/td>\nA_Write=1, B_Write=1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T3<\/td>\n\u6267\u884c(EX)<\/td>\nALU\u52a0\u6cd5<\/td>\nALUOut\u2190t2+t3<\/td>\nALUSrcA=1, ALUSrcB=00, ALUOp=10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T4<\/td>\n\u5199\u56de(WB)<\/td>\n\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58$t1<\/td>\nReg[$t1]\u2190ALUOut<\/td>\nRegWrite=1, RegDst=1, MemtoReg=0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

🔍\u00a0\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236：<\/p>\n

  • \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668：ID\/EX\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5728T2\u672b\u9501\u5b58t2\/t3\u503c，\u786e\u4fddT3\u5468\u671fALU\u8f93\u5165\u7a33\u5b9a<\/li>\n
  • \u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad：EX\u9636\u6bb5\u7684RegDst\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f4\u8fbeWB\u9636\u6bb5，\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u6807\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u9009\u62e9<\/li>\n
    \n
    \u56db\u3001\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h5>\n
    1. \u5206\u652f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u69fd\u95ee\u9898<\/h6>\n
      \n
    • \u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848：\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c1\u6761\u6307\u4ee4（\u5ef6\u8fdf\u69fd）<\/li>\n
    • \u73b0\u4ee3\u4f18\u5316：\u91c7\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u5668+\u6295\u673a\u6267\u884c，\u6d88\u9664NOP\u6d6a\u8d39\n

      \/\/ \u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u793a\u4f8b
      \nif (BranchPredictor.take_branch())
      \n speculative_execute(target);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u51b2\u7a81<\/h6>\n

      \u5f53LW\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u7d27\u63a5ADD\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6：<\/p>\n

      lw $t0, 0($sp)
      \nadd $t1, $t0, $t2 # $t0\u672a\u5c31\u7eea<\/p>\n

      \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u786c\u4ef6\u4e92\u9501：\u63d2\u5165\u6c14\u6ce1（Stall）<\/li>\n
      • \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8c03\u5ea6：\u91cd\u6392\u6307\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\n

        lw $t0, 0($sp)
        \nnop \/\/ \u786c\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u63d2\u5165
        \nadd $t1, $t0, $t2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u652f\u6301<\/h6>\n

        LL\/SC\u6307\u4ee4\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217：<\/p>\n

        LL: \/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d\u94fe\u63a5
        \n MemRead \u2192 LLbit\u7f6e\u4f4d
        \nSC: \/\/ \u6761\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8
        \n if (LLbit==1) \u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u6e05LLbit
        \n else \u5b58\u50a8\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

        \n
        \u4e94\u3001\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8f vs \u786c\u5e03\u7ebf：MIPS\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6743\u8861<\/h5>\n\n\u7279\u6027\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u786c\u5e03\u7ebf\u63a7\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n1\u6307\u4ee4\u22484\u5468\u671f（\u591a\u5468\u671f）<\/td>\n1\u6307\u4ee4\u22481\u5468\u671f（\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/td>\n\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u5fae\u7801\u4fee\u590d\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/td>\n\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u6d41\u7247\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8fROM\u7f16\u7801（\u6613\u6269\u5c55）<\/td>\n\u95e8\u7ea7\u7535\u8def\u4f18\u5316（\u9ad8\u9891\u8bbe\u8ba1）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868<\/td>\n\u6559\u5b66\u7528MIPS\u591a\u5468\u671fCPU<\/td>\nMIPS R10000\u5546\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        💎\u00a0\u7ed3\u8bba：\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u53d6\u80dc，\u786c\u5e03\u7ebf\u4ee5\u5cf0\u503c\u6027\u80fd\u89c1\u957f，\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u7ed3\u8bed：\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u601d\u60f3<\/h4>\n

        MIPS\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86RISC\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5：<\/p>\n

      • \u6b63\u4ea4\u6027：\u4e94\u7ea7\u6d41\u6c34\u9636\u6bb5\u4e25\u683c\u89e3\u8026，\u6bcf\u7ea7\u7531\u72ec\u7acb\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u63a7\u5236<\/li>\n
      • \u663e\u5f0f\u5e76\u884c：\u6c34\u5e73\u578b\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u5bbd\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\u9a71\u52a8\u591a\u786c\u4ef6\u5e76\u884c<\/li>\n
      • \u96f6\u8fb9\u6548\u5e94：\u9664\u5199\u56de\u9636\u6bb5\u5916，\u5176\u4ed6\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u89c1\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n

        \u7406\u89e3\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb，\u662f\u638c\u63e1CPU\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cbe\u9ad3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u968f\u7740RISC-V\u7b49\u5f00\u6e90\u67b6\u6784\u5174\u8d77，\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8f\u601d\u60f3\u4ecd\u5728\u654f\u6377\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9886\u57df\u7115\u53d1\u65b0\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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