{"id":56576,"date":"2025-08-14T20:25:04","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T12:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56576.html"},"modified":"2025-08-14T20:25:04","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T12:25:04","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%a3%81%e7%9b%98%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89%e6%8c%81%e7%bb%ad%e6%9b%b4%e6%96%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56576.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00，\u786c\u76d8\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u7531\u78c1\u5934\u6570，\u78c1\u9053，\u6247\u533a，\u67f1\u9762\u7b49\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6709chs\u7f16\u53f7（Cylinder（\u67f1\u9762）\u3001Head（\u78c1\u5934）\u3001Sector（\u6247\u533a）\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u4e8c，Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n

\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u771f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf（ext4\u3001xfs），\u4f2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(procfs,devtmfs,sysfs)\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09，\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u4e0e\u6302\u8f7d<\/h2>\n

（\u4e00）\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n

1，<\/span>\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0（1） MBR<\/h5>\n

\u00a0\u4e3b\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bb0\u5f55，\u652f\u6301\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\u6216\u4e09\u4e3b\u4e00\u6269\u5c55\u591a\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91，\u6bcf\u5206\u533a\u6700\u59272TB，\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0（2）GPT<\/h5>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002 \u81ea\u7ea0\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a，\u4e00\u5757\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d7（4\u4e2a\u7684）\u9650\u5236，\u652f\u6301\u5927\u4e8e18EB\u7684\u603b\u5bb9\u91cf， \u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u9650，\u6700\u5927\u652f\u6301\u5230128\u4e2a\u5206\u533a，\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u652f\u6301\u5230256TB\u3002<\/p>\n

2，Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h4>\n

（1）\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h5>\n
（2）\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h5>\n
（3）\u771f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h5>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0xfs<\/h6>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0XFS\u6700\u65e9\u9488\u5bf9IRIX\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1，\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u65ad\u7535\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a64\u4f4d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u540e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u6e90\u5e76\u4e14\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u4e86Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u76ee\u524dCentOS 7\u5c06XFS+LVM\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u6240\u79f0，XFS\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ext4<\/h6>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0EXT4\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf（Fourth extended filesystem，\u7f29\u5199\u4e3a ext4）\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf,\u4f7f\u752864\u4f4d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bb0\u5f55\u5757\u6570\u91cf\u548ci-\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0(4)\u4f2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h5>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0procfs<\/h6>\n

\u2003procfs\u662f \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f29\u5199，\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf（\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf），\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u5230 \/proc \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2003\u2003\u7531\u4e8e \/proc \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4，\u53ea\u662f\u5360\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0devtmpfs<\/h6>\n

\u2003\u2003devtmpfs \u7684\u529f\u7528\u662f\u5728 Linux \u6838\u5fc3 \u542f\u52a8\u65e9\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u6b65\u7684 \/dev，\u4ee4\u4e00\u822c\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u7528\u7b49\u5f85 udev（udev \u662fLinux kernel 2.6\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\/dev\u76ee\u5f55\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u8282\u70b9\u3002），\u7f29\u77ed GNU\/Linux \u7684\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sysfs<\/h6>\n

\u2003\u2003sysfs\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002sysfs \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u5728 \/sys \u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

3，\u5206\u533a\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0（1） fdisk\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 （2）parted\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n

4，\u67e5\u770b\u4e0e\u8bc6\u522b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

（1） lsblk\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n
（2）partprobe\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n
（3） blkid\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n

5，\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

\u00a0 （1）\u00a0mkfs\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n

6，\u6302\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

\u00a0 （1）mount\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n
\u00a0 （2）umount \u00a0\u5378\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n

（\u4e8c）\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b（\u5206\u533a-\u6302\u8f7d）<\/h3>\n

\u5229\u7528fdisk\u5206\u533a\u547d\u4ee4，MBR\u7684\u5206\u533a\u683c\u5f0f，\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3axfs \u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/h4>\n

1，\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5757\u5927\u5c0f20G\u7684\u786c\u76d8（\u5927\u5c0f\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u5b9a）<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2，\u5229\u7528shell\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u786c\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u70ed\u626b\u63cf，\u901a\u8fc7lsblk\u547d\u4ee4，\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f，\u67e5\u770b\u521a\u521a\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u4e3asdb\u3002<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3，\u5229\u7528fdisk\u5206\u533a\u547d\u4ee4，\u5bf9\u786c\u76d8（sdb）\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u533a\u3002\u5728disk\u547d\u4ee4\u91cc\u9762，\u8f93\u5165m\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\u9009\u9879 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3002 \u5229\u7528n\u952e，\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u5206\u533a，\u786e\u5b9a\u5206\u533a\u7f16\u53f7，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f，\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e\u786c\u76d820G \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u533a，\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5206\u533a（\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a，\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a），\u5176\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a，\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\u3002\u5229\u7528p\u952e\u67e5\u770b，\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a（sdb1，2，3），\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a（sdb4），\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a（sdb5)\u3002<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4，\u683c\u5f0f\u5316（mkfs\u547d\u4ee4）\u5904\u7406\u3002\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f\u547d\u4ee4（mkfs -t xfs \u548cmkfs.ext4),\u6f14\u793a\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u4e86mkfs -t xfs \u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u4e00\u5206\u533a（sdb1）\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u628a\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5，\u521b\u5efa\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5206\u533a\u60c5\u51b5，\u5728opt\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e94\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55，\u4e3a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

6，\u8fdb\u884c\u6302\u8f7d（mount）\u3002mount +\u6302\u8f7d\u6e90 +\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002（\u5c06\u6302\u8f7d\u6e90\u6302\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u4e0a）\u6f14\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06sdb1\u6302\u8f7d\u5230opt\u4e0b\u7684d1，\u5229\u7528lablk\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005df\u547d\u4ee4，\u90fd\u80fd\u67e5\u5230sdb1\u6302\u8f7d\u4e86opt\/d1\u3002<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u628a\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

7，\u5378\u6389\u5206\u533a（\u5c06\u5206\u533a\u5220\u9664）\u3002\u5148\u7528umount\u547d\u4ee4（\u5378\u6389\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9)\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u53d6\u6d88\u6302\u8f7d，\u5728\u7528fdisk\u5206\u533a\u547d\u4ee4，\u5229\u7528d\u952e（\u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a），\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u533a\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a，\u518dw\u952e\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5229\u7528df\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005lsblk，\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8，\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5168\u90e8\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167parted\u5206\u533a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c！<\/span><\/h4>\n

（\u4e09）SWAP\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n

\u547d\u4ee4：swapon（\u6302\u8f7dswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf）<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4：swapoff（\u5378\u8f7dswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf）<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4：mkswap（\u7528swap\u65b9\u5f0f\u683c\u5f0f\u5316）<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4：free -m （\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230swap\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4）<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u793a：\"\"<\/p>\n

swap\u4f5c\u7528：<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u754c\u786c\u76d8\u65f6\u4f46\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u5b58\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6，swap\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5411\u5df2\u6709\u786c\u76d8\u501f\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u8981，\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7684，\u91cd\u542f\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u793a：\u6f14\u793a\u4e2dsdb1\u5206\u533a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6302\u8f7d\u5176\u5b83\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7684，\u4e14\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a3G\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u770b\u5230swap\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u5927\u4e86，\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u518d\u5c06swap\u7a7a\u95f4\u6062\u590d\u56de\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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